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Huo L, Ye Z, Liu M, He Z, Huang M, Li D, Wu Q, Wang Q, Wang X, Cao P, Dong J, Shang C. Brain circuits for retching-like behavior. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad256. [PMID: 38288368 PMCID: PMC10824557 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are important defensive responses to cope with pathogens and toxins that invade the body. The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is important for initiating these responses. However, the molecular heterogeneities and cellular diversities of the NTS occlude a better understanding of these defensive responses. Here, we constructed the single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of NTS cells and found multiple populations of NTS neurons that may be involved in these defensive responses. Among these, we identified Calbindin1-positive (Calb1+) NTS neurons that are molecularly distinct from Tac1+ neurons. These Calb1+ neurons are critical for nausea and retching induced by cereulide; an emetic toxin secreted by Bacillus Cereus. Strikingly, we found that cereulide can directly modulate vagal sensory neurons that innervate Calb1+ NTS neurons, a novel mechanism distinct from that for nausea and retching induced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Together, our transcriptomic atlas of NTS neurons and the functional analyses revealed the neural mechanism for cereulide-induced retching-like behavior. These results demonstrate the molecular and cellular complexities in the brain that underlie defensive responses to the diversities of pathogens and toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou National Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou National Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou National Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Ziqing He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou National Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Meizhu Huang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Changping Life Science Laboratory, Beijing 102299, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ji Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou National Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Congping Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou National Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510320, China
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2
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Wang Y, You L, Tan K, Li M, Zou J, Zhao Z, Hu W, Li T, Xie F, Li C, Yuan R, Ding K, Cao L, Xin F, Shang C, Liu M, Gao Y, Wei L, You Z, Gao X, Xiong W, Cao P, Luo M, Chen F, Li K, Wu J, Hong B, Yuan K. A common thalamic hub for general and defensive arousal control. Neuron 2023; 111:3270-3287.e8. [PMID: 37557180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The expression of defensive responses to alerting sensory cues requires both general arousal and a specific arousal state associated with defensive emotions. However, it remains unclear whether these two forms of arousal can be regulated by common brain regions. We discovered that the medial sector of the auditory thalamus (ATm) in mice is a thalamic hub controlling both general and defensive arousal. The spontaneous activity of VGluT2-expressing ATm (ATmVGluT2+) neurons was correlated with and causally contributed to wakefulness. In sleeping mice, sustained ATmVGluT2+ population responses were predictive of sensory-induced arousal, the likelihood of which was markedly decreased by inhibiting ATmVGluT2+ neurons or multiple downstream pathways. In awake mice, ATmVGluT2+ activation led to heightened arousal accompanied by excessive anxiety and avoidance behavior. Notably, blocking their neurotransmission abolished alerting stimuli-induced defensive behaviors. These findings may shed light on the comorbidity of sleep disturbances and abnormal sensory sensitivity in specific brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China
| | - KaMun Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meijie Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingshan Zou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610036, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fenghua Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Beijing 100084, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruizhi Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingwei Cao
- Zhili College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fengyuan Xin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Congping Shang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yixiao Gao
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liqiang Wei
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiwei You
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaorong Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minmin Luo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kun Li
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Kexin Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI), Beijing 100084, China.
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3
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Xu J, Wu S, Huo L, Zhang Q, Liu L, Ye Z, Cao J, Ma H, Shang C, Ma C. Trigeminal nerve stimulation restores hippocampal dopamine deficiency to promote cognitive recovery in traumatic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2023:102477. [PMID: 37270025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common neurological disease resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is an emerging, non-invasive, and effective neuromodulation therapy especially for patients suffering from brain function disorders. However, the treatment and recovery mechanisms of TNS remain poorly understood. By using combined advanced technologies, we revealed here that the neuroprotective potential of TNS to improve CI caused by TBI. The study results found that 40Hz TNS treatment has the ability to improve CI in TBI mice and communicates with central nervous system via the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Transsynaptic virus experiments revealed that TG is connected to the hippocampus (HPC) through the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta/ventral tegmental area (SNc/VTA). Mechanistically, the data showed that TNS can increase the release of dopamine in the HPC by activating the following neural circuit: TG→CRH+ PVN→DAT+ SNc/VTA → HPC. Bulk RNA sequencing confirmed changes in the expression of dopamine-related genes in the HPC. This work preliminarily explains the efficacy and mechanism of TNS and adds to the increasing evidence demonstrating that nerve stimulation is an effective method to treat neurological diseases. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Shaoling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Lifang Huo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Lijiaqi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Haiyun Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Congping Shang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
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4
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Xie Z, Zhang X, Zhao M, Huo L, Huang M, Li D, Zhang S, Cheng X, Gu H, Zhang C, Zhan C, Wang F, Shang C, Cao P. The gut-to-brain axis for toxin-induced defensive responses. Cell 2022; 185:4298-4316.e21. [PMID: 36323317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After ingestion of toxin-contaminated food, the brain initiates a series of defensive responses (e.g., nausea, retching, and vomiting). How the brain detects ingested toxin and coordinates diverse defensive responses remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a mouse-based paradigm to study defensive responses induced by bacterial toxins. Using this paradigm, we identified a set of molecularly defined gut-to-brain and brain circuits that jointly mediate toxin-induced defensive responses. The gut-to-brain circuit consists of a subset of Htr3a+ vagal sensory neurons that transmit toxin-related signals from intestinal enterochromaffin cells to Tac1+ neurons in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC). Tac1+ DVC neurons drive retching-like behavior and conditioned flavor avoidance via divergent projections to the rostral ventral respiratory group and lateral parabrachial nucleus, respectively. Manipulating these circuits also interferes with defensive responses induced by the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. These results suggest that food poisoning and chemotherapy recruit similar circuit modules to initiate defensive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xie
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianying Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Huo
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xinyu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huating Gu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Congping Shang
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Xie Z, Li D, Cheng X, Pei Q, Gu H, Tao T, Huang M, Shang C, Geng D, Zhao M, Liu A, Zhang C, Zhang F, Ma Y, Cao P. A brain-to-spinal sensorimotor loop for repetitive self-grooming. Neuron 2021; 110:874-890.e7. [PMID: 34932943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-grooming is a complex behavior with important biological functions and pathological relevance. How the brain coordinates with the spinal cord to generate the repetitive movements of self-grooming remains largely unknown. Here, we report that in the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5C), neurons that express Cerebellin-2 (Cbln2+) form a neural circuit to the cervical spinal cord to maintain repetitive orofacial self-grooming. Inactivation of Cbln2+ Sp5C neurons blocked both sensory-evoked and stress-induced repetitive orofacial self-grooming. Activation of these neurons triggered short-latency repetitive forelimb movements that resembled orofacial self-grooming. The Cbln2+ Sp5C neurons were monosynaptically innervated by both somatosensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion and paraventricular hypothalamic neurons. Among the divergent projections of Cbln2+ Sp5C neurons, a descending pathway that innervated motor neurons and interneurons in the cervical spinal cord was necessary and sufficient for repetitive orofacial self-grooming. These data reveal a brain-to-spinal sensorimotor loop for repetitive self-grooming in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xie
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Pei
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huating Gu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ting Tao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Meizhu Huang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Congping Shang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Aixue Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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6
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Xie Z, Wang M, Liu Z, Shang C, Zhang C, Sun L, Gu H, Ran G, Pei Q, Ma Q, Huang M, Zhang J, Lin R, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhao M, Luo M, Wu Q, Cao P, Wang X. Transcriptomic encoding of sensorimotor transformation in the midbrain. eLife 2021; 10:e69825. [PMID: 34318750 PMCID: PMC8341986 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor transformation, a process that converts sensory stimuli into motor actions, is critical for the brain to initiate behaviors. Although the circuitry involved in sensorimotor transformation has been well delineated, the molecular logic behind this process remains poorly understood. Here, we performed high-throughput and circuit-specific single-cell transcriptomic analyses of neurons in the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure implicated in early sensorimotor transformation. We found that SC neurons in distinct laminae expressed discrete marker genes. Of particular interest, Cbln2 and Pitx2 were key markers that define glutamatergic projection neurons in the optic nerve (Op) and intermediate gray (InG) layers, respectively. The Cbln2+ neurons responded to visual stimuli mimicking cruising predators, while the Pitx2+ neurons encoded prey-derived vibrissal tactile cues. By forming distinct input and output connections with other brain areas, these neuronal subtypes independently mediated behaviors of predator avoidance and prey capture. Our results reveal that, in the midbrain, sensorimotor transformation for different behaviors may be performed by separate circuit modules that are molecularly defined by distinct transcriptomic codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xie
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mengdi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Congping Shang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Le Sun
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huating Gu
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gengxin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qing Pei
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meizhu Huang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| | - Junjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rui Lin
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Youtong Zhou
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Miao Zhao
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Minmin Luo
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Chinese Institute for Brain ResearchBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University & Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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7
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Huang M, Li D, Cheng X, Pei Q, Xie Z, Gu H, Zhang X, Chen Z, Liu A, Wang Y, Sun F, Li Y, Zhang J, He M, Xie Y, Zhang F, Qi X, Shang C, Cao P. The tectonigral pathway regulates appetitive locomotion in predatory hunting in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4409. [PMID: 34285209 PMCID: PMC8292483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Appetitive locomotion is essential for animals to approach rewards, such as food and prey. The neuronal circuitry controlling appetitive locomotion is unclear. In a goal-directed behavior-predatory hunting, we show an excitatory brain circuit from the superior colliculus (SC) to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to enhance appetitive locomotion in mice. This tectonigral pathway transmits locomotion-speed signals to dopamine neurons and triggers dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. Synaptic inactivation of this pathway impairs appetitive locomotion but not defensive locomotion. Conversely, activation of this pathway increases the speed and frequency of approach during predatory hunting, an effect that depends on the activities of SNc dopamine neurons. Together, these data reveal that the SC regulates locomotion-speed signals to SNc dopamine neurons to enhance appetitive locomotion in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Huang
- grid.508040.9Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Pei
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huating Gu
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aixue Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangmiao Sun
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao He
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology in Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei China
| | - Fan Zhang
- grid.256883.20000 0004 1760 8442Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology in Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Congping Shang
- grid.508040.9Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Cao
- grid.410717.40000 0004 0644 5086National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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8
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Fang JB, Zhu GZ, Zhu YL, Li YQ, Shang C, Bai B, Jin NY, Li X. Antitumor effects of apoptin expressed by the dual cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus - a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 24:11334-11343. [PMID: 33215453 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptin is a small molecular weight protein derived from chicken anemia virus, which can induce the apoptosis of transformed cells and tumor cells and leave primary and nontransformed cells unharmed. Apoptin's cell localization depends on its own phosphorylation state and cell type. In tumor cells, phosphorylated apoptin enters the nucleus and induces apoptosis. While, in normal cells apoptin mainly exists in the cytoplasm. Apoptin, as a disordered protein in cells, interacts with many proteins in cell signal pathways to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. The specific mechanism of apoptosis induced by apoptin has not been completely elucidated. Therefore, apoptin has become a potential anticancer agent. This review summarizes the research results of apoptin in our laboratory and reveals the specific antitumor mechanism of apoptin expressed by oncolytic virus vector on a variety of tumor cells and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Fang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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9
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Abstract
Hantavirus disease is a globally distributed, natural foci-related infectious disease caused by hantavirus, that maintaining persistent infections in their rodent hosts without apparent disease symptoms but seriously affecting the health safety of human beings. Development of the disease depends on the interaction between virus, rodent host and the individual person. Factors as significant geographical and seasonal variations, certain periodicity and contingency can all be related to the incidence of hantavirus disease. The disease is affected by climate and meteorological,environment, economic and social development, human life style and individual behaviors, etc.. Results from the analysis on main influencing factors and the nature of epidemics provide as with more evidence and information in setting up programs onto timely implementation of related prevention and control measures scientifically. By searching relevant scientific and technological literature, this paper summarizes the factors that affecting the nature of transmission and infection of hantavirus from related perspectives and factors including virus, host, climate and meteorological, meteorology, geographical environment, economic and social factors, etc.. In order to elaborate on the understanding of the epidemics and transmission characteristics of this kind of diseases, this paper provides evidence on prediction, prevention and control measures of hantavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shang
- National Institute for Viral Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Q F Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Q L Yin
- National Institute for Viral Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - D X Li
- National Institute for Viral Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J D Li
- National Institute for Viral Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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LI D, Wen E, Zhang Y, Ren P, Shang C, He L, Zhang J, Xiang L, Yang H, Liu Q, Wen Q, Fan J, Lin S, Bo W. The 2-year Results of Phase II Clinical Trial of Brachytherapy with Single-Channel Applicator For Cervical Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Adeel M, Shang C, Zhu K, Lu C. Nuisance alarm reduction: Using a correlation based algorithm above differential signals in direct detected phase-OTDR systems. Opt Express 2019; 27:7685-7698. [PMID: 30876329 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.007685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Significant research efforts have focused on techniques for alleviating the nuisance alarm rate (NAR) in the field of ϕ-OTDR pattern recognition systems. Unfortunately, ephemeral events were mostly neglected in previous research and algorithms meant for improving classification accuracy were emphasized at the cost of acquiring a very large number of traces. This problem engendered an additional source of NAR in a specific class of events. The proposed solution uses a novel correlation based wrapper on top of differential signals that aims to filter out the effect of unnecessary phases in direct detected ϕ-OTDR systems. This technique avoids the use of irrelevant data in these differential signals by exploiting a better use of these unnecessary phases and provides a better intensity translation with fewer acquired traces as compared with contemporary techniques of extracting features.
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Xiang L, Wu J, Lin S, Luo H, Wen Q, Yang B, Pang H, He L, Shang C, Ren P, Yang H. Preliminary Results of a Phase 1/2 Study of Computed Tomography-Guided Interstitial High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy in Combination With Regional Positive Lymph Node Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Peripheral Non–small Cell Lung Canc. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Jin Z, Xia ZC, Wei M, Yang JH, Chen B, Huang S, Shang C, Wu H, Zhang XX, Huang JW, Ouyang ZW. 3D spin-flop transition in enhanced 2D layered structure single crystalline TlCo2Se2. J Phys Condens Matter 2016; 28:396002. [PMID: 27485370 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/39/396002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced 2D layered structure single crystalline TlCo2Se2 has been successfully fabricated, which exhibits field-induced 3D spin-flop phase transitions. In the case of the magnetic field parallel to the c-axis (B//c), the applied magnetic field induces the evolution of the noncollinear helical magnetic coupling into a ferromagnetic (FM) state with all the magnetization of the Co ion parallel to the c-axis. A striking variation of the field-induced strain within the ab-plane is noticed in the magnetic field region of 20-30 T. In the case of the magnetic field perpendicular to the c-axis (B ⊥ c), the inter-layer helical antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling may transform to an initial canted AFM coupling, and then part of it transforms to an intermediate metamagnetic phase with the alignment of two-up-one-down Co magnetic moments and finally to an ultimate FM coupling in higher magnetic fields. The robust noncollinear AFM magnetic coupling is completely destroyed above 30 T. In combination with the measurements of magnetization, magnetoresistance and field-induced strain, a complete magnetic phase diagram of the TlCo2Se2 single crystal has been depicted, demonstrating complex magnetic structures even though the crystal geometry itself gives no indication of the magnetic frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jin
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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Guo H, Liu Y, Wang L, Zhang G, Su S, Zhang R, Zhang J, Li A, Shang C, Bi B, Li Z. Alleviation of doxorubicin–induced hepatorenal toxicities with sesamin via the suppression of oxidative stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1183-1193. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatorenal toxicities are an important side effect of anthracycline antibiotics. The objective of this study was to determine whether sesamin (Ses) protects against acute doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatorenal toxicities. Rats received daily treatment with either 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (10 mL/kg) or Ses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) orally for 10 days, followed by an intravenous injection at day 8 of either saline (10 mL/kg) or DOX (20 mg/kg). Hepatorenal toxicity was assessed by measuring the levels of serum creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The protein expression of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in hepatorenal tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant activity in the kidney and liver tissues were also measured. The results suggest that pretreatment with Ses ameliorated DOX-induced liver and kidney injury by lowering the serum ALT, AST, ALP, Cre and BUN levels ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and the histological damage to the liver and kidney tissues induced by DOX compared to control were also significantly attenuated by Ses. Furthermore, Ses significantly decreased the DOX-induced increase of MDA and 4-HNE and increased the activity of CAT, SOD and GPX compared to the DOX-treated rats ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), whereas the change of DOX + Ses (10 mg/kg) group is not significant compared to the DOX-treated group ( p > 0.05). These findings indicate that Ses elicits a typical protective effect against DOX-induced acute hepatorenal toxicity via the suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - S Su
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - A Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - C Shang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - B Bi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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15
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Shang C. MO-B-201-01: Overcoming the Challenges of Motion Management in Current Lung SBRT Practice. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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16
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Gibbard G, Shang C, Khanal S. SU-F-T-77: A Novel Test for Coincidence Between Light Fields and Electron Radiation Fields. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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17
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Shang C. WE-H-207B-03: MRI Guidance in the Radiation Therapy Clinic: Site-Specific Discussions. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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18
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Shang C, Gibbard G, Cole J, Schramm A, Leventouri T, Khanal S. SU-F-T-556: A Potential Real Time AQA for Cyberknife Cones and MLC Based Treatments. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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19
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Lei B, Cui JH, Xiang ZJ, Shang C, Wang NZ, Ye GJ, Luo XG, Wu T, Sun Z, Chen XH. Evolution of High-Temperature Superconductivity from a Low-T_{c} Phase Tuned by Carrier Concentration in FeSe Thin Flakes. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:077002. [PMID: 26943553 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.077002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the evolution of superconductivity in an FeSe thin flake with systematically regulated carrier concentrations by the liquid-gating technique. With electron doping tuned by the gate voltage, high-temperature superconductivity with an onset at 48 K can be achieved in an FeSe thin flake with T_{c} less than 10 K. This is the first time such high temperature superconductivity in FeSe is achieved without either an epitaxial interface or external pressure, and it definitely proves that the simple electron-doping process is able to induce high-temperature superconductivity with T_{c}^{onset} as high as 48 K in bulk FeSe. Intriguingly, our data also indicate that the superconductivity is suddenly changed from a low-T_{c} phase to a high-T_{c} phase with a Lifshitz transition at a certain carrier concentration. These results help to build a unified picture to understand the high-temperature superconductivity among all FeSe-derived superconductors and shed light on the further pursuit of a higher T_{c} in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J H Cui
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Z J Xiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - C Shang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - N Z Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - G J Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - X G Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - T Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Z Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - X H Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Xiang ZJ, Zhao D, Jin Z, Shang C, Ma LK, Ye GJ, Lei B, Wu T, Xia ZC, Chen XH. Angular-Dependent Phase Factor of Shubnikov-de Haas Oscillations in the Dirac Semimetal Cd_{3}As_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:226401. [PMID: 26650311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.226401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We measure the magnetotransport properties of the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd_{3}As_{2} single crystal under magnetic fields up to 36 T. Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations are clearly resolved and the n=1 Landau level is reached. A detailed analysis on the intercept of the Landau index plot reveals a significant dependence of the SdH phase factor on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. When the magnetic field is applied in the [001] direction, i.e., along the fourfold screw axis of the tetragonal crystal structure, a nontrivial π Berry phase, as predicted for the Dirac fermions, is observed. However, in a magnetic field tilted away from the [001] direction, the π Berry phase is evidently reduced, and a considerable enhancement of the effective mass is also revealed. Our observations demonstrate that the Dirac dispersion in Cd_{3}As_{2} is effectively modified in a tilted magnetic field, whereas the preserved π Berry phase in a magnetic field along the [001] direction can be related to the realization of the Weyl fermions. The sudden change of the SdH phase also indicates a possible topological phase transition induced by the symmetry-breaking effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Xiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - D Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Z Jin
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - C Shang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L K Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - G J Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - B Lei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - T Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Z C Xia
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - X H Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Xiang ZJ, Ye GJ, Shang C, Lei B, Wang NZ, Yang KS, Liu DY, Meng FB, Luo XG, Zou LJ, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Chen XH. Pressure-Induced Electronic Transition in Black Phosphorus. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:186403. [PMID: 26565480 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.186403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a semimetal, both electrons and holes contribute to the density of states at the Fermi level. The small band overlaps and multiband effects engender novel electronic properties. We show that a moderate hydrostatic pressure effectively suppresses the band gap in the elemental semiconductor black phosphorus. An electronic topological transition takes place at approximately 1.2 GPa, above which black phosphorus evolves into a semimetal state that is characterized by a colossal positive magnetoresistance and a nonlinear field dependence of Hall resistivity. The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations detected in magnetic field reveal the complex Fermi surface topology of the semimetallic phase. In particular, we find a nontrivial Berry phase in one Fermi surface that emerges in the semimetal state, as evidence of a Dirac-like dispersion. The observed semimetallic behavior greatly enriches the material property of black phosphorus and sets the stage for the exploration of novel electronic states in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Xiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - G J Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - C Shang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - B Lei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - N Z Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - K S Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - D Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - F B Meng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - X G Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - L J Zou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Z Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - X H Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Shang C, Liu Z, Chen Z, Shi Y, Wang Q, Liu S, Li D, Cao P. A parvalbumin-positive excitatory visual pathway to trigger fear responses in mice. Science 2015; 348:1472-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa8694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Long S, Shang C, Evans G, Leventouri T. SU-E-T-797: Variations of Cardiac Dose at Different Respiratory Status in CyberKnife M6â„¢ Treatment Plans for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI). Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kalantzis G, Leventouri T, Tachibana H, Shang C. SU-E-T-37: A GPU-Based Pencil Beam Algorithm for Dose Calculations in Proton Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
A fundamental problem associated with global optimization is the large free energy barrier for the corresponding solid-solid phase transitions for systems with multi-funnel energy landscapes. To address this issue we consider the Tsallis weight instead of the Boltzmann weight to define the acceptance ratio for basin-hopping global optimization. Benchmarks for atomic clusters show that using the optimal Tsallis weight can improve the efficiency by roughly a factor of two. We present a theory that connects the optimal parameters for the Tsallis weighting, and demonstrate that the predictions are verified for each of the test cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shang
- University Chemical Laboratories, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - D J Wales
- University Chemical Laboratories, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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Pawar PS, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Shang C, Quah ACK, Fong GT. The relation between price and daily consumption of cigarettes and bidis: findings from the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Wave 1 Survey. Indian J Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25526256 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147479.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In India, 14% of the population use smoked tobacco products. Increasing prices of these products is one of the measures to curb their consumption. AIMS This study analyzes "unit price" and "daily consumption" of cigarettes and bidis and investigates their relation with each other. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four states of India (Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) as a part of the International Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) Evaluation Project (the TCP India Project) during 2010-2011. METHODS Information was collected from adult (aged ≥ 15) daily exclusive smokers of cigarette/bidi regarding (a) last purchase (purchase in pack/loose, brand and price) and (b) daily consumption. Average unit price and daily consumption was calculated for different brands and states. Regression model was used to assess the impact of price on daily consumption. RESULTS Bidis were much less expensive ([symbol in text]0.39) than cigarettes ([symbol in text]3.1). The daily consumption was higher (14) among bidi smokers than cigarette smokers (8). The prices and daily consumption of bidis ([symbol in text]0.33-0.43; 12-15) and cigarettes ([symbol in text]2.9-3.6; 5-9) varied across the four states. The unit prices of bidis and cigarettes did not influence their daily consumption. Smokers purchasing bidis in packs paid substantially less per unit and purchase of bidis and cigarettes in packs influenced their consumption positively. CONCLUSIONS Cigarettes although more expensive than bidis, seem very cheap if compared internationally. Hence, prices of both cigarettes and bidis do not influence their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Pawar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Pawar PS, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Shang C, Quah ACK, Fong GT. The relation between price and daily consumption of cigarettes and bidis: findings from the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Wave 1 Survey. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51 Suppl 1:S83-7. [PMID: 25526256 PMCID: PMC4573987 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In India, 14% of the population use smoked tobacco products. Increasing prices of these products is one of the measures to curb their consumption. AIMS This study analyzes "unit price" and "daily consumption" of cigarettes and bidis and investigates their relation with each other. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four states of India (Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) as a part of the International Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) Evaluation Project (the TCP India Project) during 2010-2011. METHODS Information was collected from adult (aged ≥ 15) daily exclusive smokers of cigarette/bidi regarding (a) last purchase (purchase in pack/loose, brand and price) and (b) daily consumption. Average unit price and daily consumption was calculated for different brands and states. Regression model was used to assess the impact of price on daily consumption. RESULTS Bidis were much less expensive ([symbol in text]0.39) than cigarettes ([symbol in text]3.1). The daily consumption was higher (14) among bidi smokers than cigarette smokers (8). The prices and daily consumption of bidis ([symbol in text]0.33-0.43; 12-15) and cigarettes ([symbol in text]2.9-3.6; 5-9) varied across the four states. The unit prices of bidis and cigarettes did not influence their daily consumption. Smokers purchasing bidis in packs paid substantially less per unit and purchase of bidis and cigarettes in packs influenced their consumption positively. CONCLUSIONS Cigarettes although more expensive than bidis, seem very cheap if compared internationally. Hence, prices of both cigarettes and bidis do not influence their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha S. Pawar
- Healis - Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health, 501, Technocity, Plot X-4/5A, M.I.D.C., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Mangesh S. Pednekar
- Healis - Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health, 501, Technocity, Plot X-4/5A, M.I.D.C., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - Prakash C. Gupta
- Healis - Sekhsaria Institute For Public Health, 501, Technocity, Plot X-4/5A, M.I.D.C., Mahape, Navi Mumbai, 400701, India
| | - C. Shang
- Health Policy Center, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne CK. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Evans G, Shang C, Leventouri T. SU-E-T-179: Exploring Appropriate Offset Values for Pencil Beam and Monte Carlo Dose Optimization in Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Encompassing the Effects of Respiration and Tumor Location. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sun JL, Shang C, Kikkert GA. Hydrogen sulfide removal from sediment and water in box culverts/storm drains by iron-based granules. Water Sci Technol 2013; 68:2626-2631. [PMID: 24355850 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A renewable granular iron-based technology for hydrogen sulfide removal from sediment and water in box culverts and storm drains is discussed. Iron granules, including granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), granular ferric oxide (GFO) and rusted waste iron crusts (RWIC) embedded in the sediment phase removed aqueous hydrogen sulfide formed from sedimentary biological sulfate reduction. The exhausted iron granules were exposed to dissolved oxygen and this regeneration process recovered the sulfide removal capacities of the granules. The recovery is likely attributable to the oxidation of the ferrous iron precipitates film and the formation of new reactive ferric iron surface sites on the iron granules and sand particles. GFH and RWIC showed larger sulfide removal capacities in the sediment phase than GFO, likely due to the less ordered crystal structures on their surfaces. This study demonstrates that the iron granules are able to remove hydrogen sulfide from sediment and water in box culverts and storm drains and they have the potential to be regenerated and reused by contacting with dissolved oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong E-mail:
| | - C Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong E-mail:
| | - G A Kikkert
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong E-mail:
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Ray PP, Shang C, Maguire RO, Knowlton KF. Quantifying phytate in dairy digesta and feces: alkaline extraction and high-performance ion chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3248-58. [PMID: 22612959 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of an analytical method with appropriate combination of extraction and quantification approaches for undigested phytate in ruminant feces and digesta will advance knowledge of phytate degradation in ruminants and help to reduce phosphorus excretion. Established quantification methods give satisfactory results for feedstuffs and nonruminant manure but recovery of phytate is incomplete for ruminant feces and digesta because of their complex sample matrix and low ratio of phytate to inorganic P. The objective was to develop a robust, accurate, sensitive, and inexpensive method to extract and quantify phytate in feeds, ruminant feces, and digesta. Diets varying in phytate content were fed to dairy heifers, dry cows, and lactating cows to generate digesta and fecal samples of varying composition to challenge extraction and quantification methods. Samples were extracted with 0.5 M HCl or 0.25 M NaOH + 0.05 M EDTA. Acid extracts were mixed with 20% NaCl, alkaline extracts were acidified to final pH < 2, and then both extracts were clarified with C₁₈ cartridges and 0.2-μm filters. High-performance ion chromatography (HPIC) was used to quantify phytate. In feed samples, the measured phytate was comparable in alkaline and acid extracts (2,965 vs. 3,085 μg/g of DM). In digesta and fecal samples, alkaline extraction yielded greater estimates of phytate content than did acid extraction (40.7 vs. 33.6 and 202.9 vs. 144.4 μg/g of DM for digesta and fecal samples, respectively). Analysis of alkaline extracts by HPIC is usually not possible because of sample matrix interferences; acidification and C(18)-cartridge elution of alkaline extracts prevented this interference. Pure phytate added to dry samples before extraction was almost completely recovered (88 to 105%), indicating high extraction efficiency, no adverse effect of extract clean-up procedures, and accurate quantification of phytate. The proposed method is rapid, inexpensive, robust, and combines the extraction power of NaOH-EDTA with the precision and sensitivity of HPIC quantification, allowing accurate quantification of phytate in feeds, ruminant digesta, and fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Ray
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Ray P, Shang C, Pearson R, Knowlton K. Disappearance of infused phytate from the large intestine of dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5927-35. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vergara D, Shang C, Schramm A, McPhillips P, Ouhib Z. SU-E-J-180: A Characterization of the LAP Aquarius Phantom for External LAP Laser Alignment and MR Geometric Distortion Verification for the use of SRS Patient Simulation. Med Phys 2012; 39:3694. [PMID: 28518943 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore additional application of the new Aquarius external laser alignment verification Phantom by LAP (Aq-LAP Phantom) examining geometric accuracy of magnetic resonance images (MRI) commonly used for planning intracranial stereotactic radiation surgery (ICSRS) cases. METHODS Newly designed external patient alignment lasers were first aligned by the Aq-LAP Phantom at a Siemens Magneton Vario 3T MR unit. The scans were then performed with the T1 Axial 3D MPRAGE protocols with 0.9 mm temporal resolution, which may be used for ICSRS. They also include FLAIR, T2 BLADE and Diffusion Axial TRACE imaging acquisitions with 1 mm temporal resolution. The MRI will be fused to 1 mm cut computerized tomography (CT) images acquired by a Siemens Somatom Sensation Open©. The geometric distortions (GD) were measured against the CT in all axial, sagital, and coronal directions at different levels. RESULTS MR images of the Aquarius Phantom indicate a distinct similarity between the nonlinear GD along the z-axis crosshair and typical magnetic field gradient nonlinearity. There is linear correlation between MR divergence datasets of distorted crosshairs (p-values from 0.57 to 0.00), and nonlinear correlation between MR divergence datasets of the distorted crosshair with the CT divergence datasets of the cross plane (p-values from 8.45×10̂-4 to 1.38×10̂-46). The margin of error exceeded no more than 0.29 mm. GDs up to about 2 mm are observed at the distal regions of the longitudinal axis in the SRS treatment planning MR images. CONCLUSIONS Using the Aquarius Phantom, one is able to detect GD in ICSRS planning MRI acquisitions, and align the external LAP patient alignment lasers by following the LAP QA. Based on the results, one may recommend using the Aquarius Phantom to determine if margins should be included for SRS treatment planning. The Aquarius Phantom, used for laser alignment and geometric distortion detection, was provided by LAP of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vergara
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.,Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Lynn Regional Cancer Center, Delray Beach, FL
| | - C Shang
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.,Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Lynn Regional Cancer Center, Delray Beach, FL
| | - A Schramm
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.,Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Lynn Regional Cancer Center, Delray Beach, FL
| | - P McPhillips
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.,Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Lynn Regional Cancer Center, Delray Beach, FL
| | - Z Ouhib
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida.,Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Lynn Regional Cancer Center, Delray Beach, FL
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Shang C, Kathriarachchi V, Williams T, Cole J, Kasper M, Shope J, Benda R. SU-E-J-199: A Novel Method to Evaluate Local Control and Recurrence Using 18F-FDG PET After Lung SBRT. Med Phys 2012; 39:3698. [PMID: 28519025 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study is to evaluate the predictability of a novel method using a self background-corrected maximum Standard Uptake Value (cSUVmax) from 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of the patients following lung cancer stereotactic body radiosurgery (SBRT). METHODS 20 qualified patients treated out of 38 patients treated with SBRT for a single lung malignant lesion between May 2009 and December 2009 were enrolled in the cohort study. All had pre- and at least one post-treatment PET images available at the time of study. The mean normal tissue SUV from the descending aorta was sampled as baseline to divide SUVmax of tumor site. The resultant cSUVmax was used for assess the local control or possible recurrence. The Result was then compared with that using SUVmax alone method. RESULTS The average follow-up length was 48.9 weeks ranging from 18.6 to 115.0 weeks. The mean SUV of aorta was measured as 1.821±0.364, ranging from 1.173 to 2.576. From the pre-treatment PET, 70% and 65% was indicated positive correspondingly when using SUVmax with 2.50 and cSUVmax with 1.52 thresholds. When PET was taken < 29 weeks post-SBRT, 75% and 67% respectively showed higher values in the locally controlled group. For PET = 29 weeks after SBRT, with cSUVmax both locally controlled and recurrent groups are accurately identified, while SUVmax shows 5% false positive and one possible false negative. CONCLUSIONS The SUVmax in lung tumor site corrected by the mean SUV of descending aorta or cSUVmax provided a more reliable parameter than using SUVmax alone in predicting the local control and recurrence for follow-up PET of patients after lung SBRT. The method used in this study objectively displayed a strong correlation between low cSUVmax and local control following lung SBRT in this investigation, otherwise a local recurrence is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shang
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - V Kathriarachchi
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - T Williams
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - J Cole
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - M Kasper
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - J Shope
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - R Benda
- Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, FL.,Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
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Shang C, Vargas C. SU-E-J-110: Structure Density Variations between Free Breathing CT and Respiration-Gated 4D CT in Lung SBRT-GATED 4D CT IN LUNG SBRT. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kostyanovsky KI, Evanylo GK, Lasley KK, Shang C, Sukkariyah BF, Daniels WL. Transformations of nitrogen and carbon in entrenched biosolids at a reclaimed mineral sands mining site. J Environ Qual 2011; 40:67-75. [PMID: 21488494 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biosolids deep-row incorporation (DRI) provides high levels of nutrients to the reclamation sites; however, additions of N in excess of the vegetation requirements can potentially impair water quality. The effects of anaerobically digested (AD) and lime stabilized (LS) DRI biosolids and inorganic N fertilizer were compared on C and N transformations and transport at a reclaimed mineral sands mining site. Biosolids were applied at 213 and 426 Mg AD biosolids ha(-1) and 328 and 656 Mg LS biosolids ha)(-1) (dry mass), and inorganic N fertilizer was applied at 0 (control) and 504 kg N ha-(-1) yr(-1). Zero tension lysimeters were installed to collect leachate for determination of vertical N transport, and the biosolids seams were analyzed for N and C transformations after 28 mo aging. The leachijng masses from the DRI biosolids treatments were 139 to 291 kg ha(-1) NO3-N, 61 to 243 kg ha(-1) NH4-N, and 61 to 269 kg ha(-1) organic N, while the fertilizer treatment did not differ from the control. Aged biosolids analysis showed that total N lost over the course of 2 yr was 15.2 Mg ha(-1) and 10.9 Mg ha(-1) for LS and AD biosolids, respectively, which was roughly 50% of the N applied. Organic C losses were 81 Mg ha(-1) and 33 Mg ha(-1) for LS and AD biosolids, respectively. Our results indicated that entrenchment of biosolids in coarse-textured media should not be used as a mined land reclamation technique because the anaerobic conditions required to limit mineralization and nitrification cannot be maintained in such permeable soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Kostyanovsky
- Texas AgriLife Research & Extension Center, 1509 Aggie Dr., Beaumont, TX 77713, USA.
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Shang C, Vargas C, Schramm A, Sckolnik J. SU-GG-T-523: A Creative Measure to Ensure the Accuracy of Removable SRS Mask. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shang C, Williams TR, Sloman B, Ward J, Phillips R, Percy J. SU-FF-J-18: Application of Deformable Mannequin in 3D Virtual Reality Simulation (VRS) for Noncoplanar Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Cheung LM, Shang C. Assessment of deficiency of fish tank water ultraviolet disinfection and remedial measures. Hong Kong Med J 2008; 14:23-26. [PMID: 18941270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L M Cheung
- Department of Civil Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shang C, Williams T, Girouard R, Schramm A. SU-GG-T-77: Application and Dosimetric Analysis of Multiple Static Tangential Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Beams in An Elliptic Paraboloid-Shaped Superficial Tumor. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shang C, Williams T, Sloman B, Ward J, Phillips R, Percy J, Beavis A. TH-C-AUD C-09: Efficacy of Virtual Reality Simulation for Noncoplanar Prostate IMRT - a Peek of Future RTP System. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shang C. SU-FF-T-110: Collimator Angle Effect in Optimizing Prostate IMSR Plans Using 3-Mm MLC. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ward JW, Phillips R, Williams T, Shang C, Page L, Prest C, Beavis AW. Immersive visualization with automated collision detection for radiotherapy treatment planning. Stud Health Technol Inform 2007; 125:491-6. [PMID: 17377334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a technique for treating cancer tumours using external delivery of radiation. To create a treatment plan the directions of the external radiation beams (typically 5 to 9) need to be specified. Normally the beams are all coplanar due to the added complexity of planning and patient set-up for non-coplanar beams. RTStar provides a virtual environment of a radiotherapy (RT) treatment room that provides a range of views and visualizations that aid a treatment planner to choose non-coplanar beam directions efficiently. RTStar also automatically warns the planner when a collision would occur during patient set-up. A study was conducted on 8 prostate IMRT cancer patients using RTStar to create RT plans using non-coplanar beams. The study demonstrated that these IMRT prostate plans with non-coplanar beams had a dosimetric advantage over their coplanar conterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ward
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Shang C, Williams T, Beavis A, Ward J, Sims C, Phillips R. SU-FF-T-117: Can Current Prostate IMRT Be Further Improved with Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation? Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Shang C, Williams T, Pang D. SU-FF-T-72: Absolute Rectal Volumetric Dose as a Meaningful Predictor to Its Late Side Effect in Prostate IMRT. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual relapse rate has been commonly used as a primary efficacy endpoint in phase III multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. The aim of this study was to determine the relative contribution of different possible prognostic factors available at baseline to the on-study relapse rate in MS. METHODS A total of 821 patients from the placebo arms of the Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research (SLCMSR) database were available for this analysis. The univariate relationships between on-study relapse rate and the baseline demographic, clinical, and MRI-based predictors were assessed. The multiple relationships were then examined using a Poisson regression model. Two predictor subsets were selected. Subset 1 included age at disease onset, disease duration, sex, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at baseline, number of relapses in the last 24 months prior to baseline, and the disease course (relapsing remitting [RR] and secondary progressive [SP]). Subset 2 consisted of Subset 1 plus gadolinium enhancement status in MRI. The number of patients for developing the models with no missing values was 727 for Subset 1 and 306 for Subset 2. RESULTS The univariate relationships show that the on-study relapse rate was higher for younger and for female patients, for RR patients than for SP patients, and for patients with positive enhancement status at entry (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). A higher on-study relapse rate was associated with a shorter disease duration, lower entry EDSS, more pre-study relapses, and more enhancing lesions in T1 at entry. The fitted Poisson model shows that disease duration (estimate = -0.02) and previous relapse number (estimate = 0.59 for one, 0.91 for two, and 1.45 for three or more relapses vs no relapses) remain. The authors were able to confirm these findings in a second, independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS The relapse number prior to entry into clinical trials together with disease duration are the best predictors for the on-study relapse rate. Disease course did not contribute independently because its effect is covered by the pre-study relapse rate. Gadolinium enhancement status, given the other covariates, has no significant influence on the on-study relapse rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Held
- Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Munich, Germany
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Shang C, Girouard R. SU-FF-T-115: Magnitude of Dose Optimization with 2-Field Left Breast IMRT. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1997786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Khanal SK, Shang C, Huang JC. Use of ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) to control oxygen dosing for online sulfide oxidation in anaerobic treatment of high sulfate wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:183-189. [PMID: 12926687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was used as a controlling parameter to regulate oxygen dosing to the recycled biogas for online sulfide oxidation in an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) system. The UAF was operated with a constant influent COD of 18,000 mg/L, but with different influent sulfates of 1000, 3000 and 6000 mg/L. The reactor was initially operated under a natural ORP of -290 mV (without oxygen injection), and was then followed by oxygenation to raise its ORP by 25 mV above the natural level for each influent sulfate condition. At 6,000 mg/L sulfate without oxygen injection, the dissolved sulfide reached 733.8 mg S/L with a corresponding free sulfide of 250.3 mg S/L, thus showing a considerable inhibition to methanogens. Upon oxygenation to raise its ORP to -265 mV (i.e., a 25 mV increase), the dissolved sulfide was reduced by more than 98.5% with a concomitant 45.9% increase of the methane yield. Under lower influent sulfate levels of 1,000 and 3,000 mg/L, the levels of sulfides produced, even under the natural ORP, did not impose any noticeable toxicity to methanogens. Upon oxygenation to raise the ORP by +25 mV, the corresponding methane yields were actually reduced by 15.5% and 6.2%, respectively. However, such reductions were not due to the adverse impact of the elevated ORP; instead, they were due to a diversion of some organic carbon to support the facultative activities inside the reactor as a result of excessive oxygenation. In other words, to achieve satisfactory sulfide oxidation for the lower influent sulfate conditions, it was not necessary to raise the ORP by as much as +25 mV. The ORP increase actually needed depended on both the influent sulfate and also actual wastewater characteristics. This study had proved that the ORP controlled oxygenation was reliable for achieving consistent online sulfide control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Khanal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Shang C, Rice JA. Interpretation of small-angle x-ray scattering data from dilute montmorillonite suspensions using a modified Guinier approximation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64:021401. [PMID: 11497576 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.021401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Smectites are a group of 2:1-layer phyllosilicate minerals that have been extensively studied by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) because of their industrial and environmental significance. In previous studies, a Guinier plot has been used to obtain the radius of gyration of the clay particles, from which geometric information of the particle structure is derived. Using an indirect Fourier transform to treat SAXS data from a dilute montmorillonite suspension, a negative electron contrast at the clay-water interface is observed. This electron inhomogeneity has violated the assumption underlying the application of the Guinier plot, which requires particles to have a uniform electron density. The presence of this inhomogeneity explains the inability of previous studies to correctly determine particle dimensions using the Guinier plot. Using this model of the clay-water interface, a modified Guinier plot has been derived and was experimentally verified. The calculation shows the presence of negative electron contrast at montmorillonite-water interfaces, which is in accordance with the results from the indirect Fourier transform method. This approximation has the potential to predict the geometric information for similar colloids studied by small-angle scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007-0896, USA
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Abstract
Bioelectric fields have been shown to interact with morphogens and guide growth control. The morphogenetic singularity theory published a decade ago suggests that organizing centers have high density of gap junctions and high electrical conductance. They are the singular points in morphogen gradient and bioelectric field. A growth control system originates from a network of organizing centers containing under-differentiated cells and retains its regulatory functions after embryogenesis. The formation and maintenance of all the physiological systems are directly dependent on the activity of the growth control system. The evolutionary origin of the growth control system is likely to have preceded all the other physiological systems. Its genetic blueprint might have served as a template from which the newer systems evolved. The growth control signal transduction is embedded in the activity of the function-based physiological systems. The regulation of most physiological processes is through growth control mechanisms such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, and apoptosis. Acupuncture points, which also have high electrical conductance and high density of gap junctions, originate from organizing centers. This theory can explain the distribution and non-specific activation of organizing centers and many research results in acupuncture. In several 'prospective blind trials', recent research results have supported its corollary on the role of singularity and separatrix in morphogenesis, the predictions on the high electric conductance and the high density of gap junctions at the organizing centers. These advances have broad implications in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shang
- Dept. of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303-3033, USA.
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