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Li S, Xu X, Kocoj CA, Zhou C, Li Y, Chen D, Bennett JA, Liu S, Quan L, Sarker S, Liu M, Qiu DY, Guo P. Large exchange-driven intrinsic circular dichroism of a chiral 2D hybrid perovskite. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2573. [PMID: 38519487 PMCID: PMC10959982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In two-dimensional chiral metal-halide perovskites, chiral organic spacers endow structural and optical chirality to the metal-halide sublattice, enabling exquisite control of light, charge, and electron spin. The chiroptical properties of metal-halide perovskites have been measured by transmissive circular dichroism spectroscopy, which necessitates thin-film samples. Here, by developing a reflection-based approach, we characterize the intrinsic, circular polarization-dependent complex refractive index for a prototypical two-dimensional chiral lead-bromide perovskite and report large circular dichroism for single crystals. Comparison with ab initio theory reveals the large circular dichroism arises from the inorganic sublattice rather than the chiral ligand and is an excitonic phenomenon driven by electron-hole exchange interactions, which breaks the degeneracy of transitions between Rashba-Dresselhaus-split bands, resulting in a Cotton effect. Our study suggests that previous data for spin-coated films largely underestimate the optical chirality and provides quantitative insights into the intrinsic optical properties of chiral perovskites for chiroptical and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xian Xu
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Conrad A Kocoj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Du Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph A Bennett
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunhao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lina Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Suchismita Sarker
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mingzhao Liu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Li B, Xu J, Kocoj CA, Li S, Li Y, Chen D, Zhang S, Dou L, Guo P. Dual-Hyperspectral Optical Pump-Probe Microscopy with Single-Nanosecond Time Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2187-2195. [PMID: 38216555 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, optical pump-probe microscopy (PPM) has become a vital technique for spatiotemporally imaging electronic excitations and charge-carrier transport in metals and semiconductors. However, existing methods are limited by mechanical delay lines with a probe time window up to several nanoseconds (ns) or monochromatic pump and probe sources with restricted spectral coverage and temporal resolution, hindering their amenability in studying relatively slow processes. To bridge these gaps, we introduce a dual-hyperspectral PPM setup with a time window spanning from nanoseconds to milliseconds and single-nanosecond resolution. Our method features a wide-field probe tunable from 370 to 1000 nm and a pump spanning from 330 nm to 16 μm. We apply this PPM technique to study various two-dimensional metal-halide perovskites (2D-MHPs) as representative semiconductors by imaging their transient responses near the exciton resonances under both above-band gap electronic pump excitation and below-band gap vibrational pump excitation. The resulting spatially and temporally resolved images reveal insights into heat dissipation, film uniformity, distribution of impurity phases, and film-substrate interfaces. In addition, the single-nanosecond temporal resolution enables the imaging of in-plane strain wave propagation in 2D-MHP single crystals. Our method, which offers extensive spectral tunability and significantly improved time resolution, opens new possibilities for the imaging of charge carriers, heat, and transient phase transformation processes, particularly in materials with spatially varying composition, strain, crystalline structure, and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Joy Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Conrad A Kocoj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Du Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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Gao Z, Wildenborg A, Kocoj CA, Liu E, Sheofsky C, Rawashdeh A, Qu H, Guo P, Suh JY, Yang A. Low-Loss Plasmonics with Nanostructured Potassium and Sodium-Potassium Liquid Alloys. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7150-7156. [PMID: 37477493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Alkali metals have low optical losses in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) compared with noble metals. However, their high reactivity prohibits the exploration of their optical properties. Recently sodium (Na) has been experimentally demonstrated as a low-loss plasmonic material. Here we report on a thermo-assisted nanoscale embossing (TANE) technique for fabricating plasmonic nanostructures from pure potassium (K) and NaK liquid alloys. We show high-quality-factor resonances from K as narrow as 15 nm in the NIR, which we attribute to the high material quality and low optical loss. We further demonstrate liquid Na-K plasmonics by exploiting the Na-K eutectic phase diagram. Our study expands the material library for alkali metal plasmonics and liquid plasmonics, potentially enabling a range of new material platforms for active metamaterials and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Aaron Wildenborg
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Conrad A Kocoj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Eric Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Caden Sheofsky
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Abdelsalam Rawashdeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Hongwei Qu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jae Yong Suh
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ankun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
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Li S, Li X, Kocoj CA, Ji X, Yuan S, Macropulos EC, Stoumpos CC, Xia F, Mao L, Kanatzidis MG, Guo P. Ultrafast Excitonic Response in Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites Driven by Intense Midinfrared Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:177401. [PMID: 36332259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.177401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2DHPs) are natural quantum-well-like materials, in which strong quantum and dielectric confinement effects due to the organic spacers give rise to tightly bound excitons with large binding energy. To examine the mutual interactions between the organic spacer cations and the inorganic charge-residing octahedral framework in 2DHPs, here we perform femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy by direct vibrational pumping of the organic spacers, followed by a visible-to-ultraviolet probe covering their excitonic resonances. Measurements on prototypical lead-bromide based 2DHP compounds, (BA)_{2}PbBr_{4} and (BA)_{2}(FA)Pb_{2}Br_{7} (BA^{+}=butylammonium; FA^{+}=formamidinium), reveal two distinct regimes of the temporal response. The first regime is dominated by a pump-induced transient expansion of the organic spacer layers that reduces the exciton oscillator strength, whereas the second regime arises from pump-induced lattice heating effects primarily associated with a spectral shift of the exciton energy. In addition, vibrational excitation enhances the biexciton emission, which we attribute to a stronger intralayer exciton confinement as well as vibrationally induced exciton detrapping from defect states. Our study provides fundamental insights regarding the impact of organic spacers on excitons in 2DHPs, as well as the excited-state dynamics and vibrational energy dissipation in these structurally diverse materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Conrad A Kocoj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaofan Yuan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Eleni C Macropulos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion 70013, Greece
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Lingling Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
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