1
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Ju S, Li D, Mai BK, Liu X, Vallota-Eastman A, Wu J, Valentine DL, Liu P, Yang Y. Stereodivergent photobiocatalytic radical cyclization through the repurposing and directed evolution of fatty acid photodecarboxylases. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01494-0. [PMID: 38632367 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite their intriguing photophysical and photochemical activities, naturally occurring photoenzymes have not yet been repurposed for new-to-nature activities. Here we engineered fatty acid photodecarboxylases to catalyse unnatural photoredox radical C-C bond formation by leveraging the strongly oxidizing excited-state flavoquinone cofactor. Through genome mining, rational engineering and directed evolution, we developed a panel of radical photocyclases to facilitate decarboxylative radical cyclization with excellent chemo-, enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Our high-throughput experimental workflow allowed for the directed evolution of fatty acid photodecarboxylases. An orthogonal set of radical photocyclases was engineered to access all four possible stereoisomers of the stereochemical dyad, affording fully diastereo- and enantiodivergent biotransformations in asymmetric radical biocatalysis. Molecular dynamics simulations show that our evolved radical photocyclases allow near-attack conformations to be easily accessed, enabling chemoselective radical cyclization. The development of stereoselective radical photocyclases provides unnatural C-C-bond-forming activities in natural photoenzyme families, which can be used to tame the stereochemistry of free-radical-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Ju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alec Vallota-Eastman
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program for Marine Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - David L Valentine
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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2
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Li S, Xu X, Kocoj CA, Zhou C, Li Y, Chen D, Bennett JA, Liu S, Quan L, Sarker S, Liu M, Qiu DY, Guo P. Large exchange-driven intrinsic circular dichroism of a chiral 2D hybrid perovskite. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2573. [PMID: 38519487 PMCID: PMC10959982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In two-dimensional chiral metal-halide perovskites, chiral organic spacers endow structural and optical chirality to the metal-halide sublattice, enabling exquisite control of light, charge, and electron spin. The chiroptical properties of metal-halide perovskites have been measured by transmissive circular dichroism spectroscopy, which necessitates thin-film samples. Here, by developing a reflection-based approach, we characterize the intrinsic, circular polarization-dependent complex refractive index for a prototypical two-dimensional chiral lead-bromide perovskite and report large circular dichroism for single crystals. Comparison with ab initio theory reveals the large circular dichroism arises from the inorganic sublattice rather than the chiral ligand and is an excitonic phenomenon driven by electron-hole exchange interactions, which breaks the degeneracy of transitions between Rashba-Dresselhaus-split bands, resulting in a Cotton effect. Our study suggests that previous data for spin-coated films largely underestimate the optical chirality and provides quantitative insights into the intrinsic optical properties of chiral perovskites for chiroptical and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xian Xu
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Conrad A Kocoj
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Du Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph A Bennett
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunhao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lina Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Suchismita Sarker
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mingzhao Liu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Diana Y Qiu
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Shao X, Paetow L, Tuckerman ME, Pavanello M. Machine learning electronic structure methods based on the one-electron reduced density matrix. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6281. [PMID: 37805614 PMCID: PMC10560258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The theorems of density functional theory (DFT) establish bijective maps between the local external potential of a many-body system and its electron density, wavefunction and, therefore, one-particle reduced density matrix. Building on this foundation, we show that machine learning models based on the one-electron reduced density matrix can be used to generate surrogate electronic structure methods. We generate surrogates of local and hybrid DFT, Hartree-Fock and full configuration interaction theories for systems ranging from small molecules such as water to more complex compounds like benzene and propanol. The surrogate models use the one-electron reduced density matrix as the central quantity to be learned. From the predicted density matrices, we show that either standard quantum chemistry or a second machine-learning model can be used to compute molecular observables, energies, and atomic forces. The surrogate models can generate essentially anything that a standard electronic structure method can, ranging from band gaps and Kohn-Sham orbitals to energy-conserving ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations and infrared spectra, which account for anharmonicity and thermal effects, without the need to employ computationally expensive algorithms such as self-consistent field theory. The algorithms are packaged in an efficient and easy to use Python code, QMLearn, accessible on popular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Lukas Paetow
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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4
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Yu Y, O'Neill RT, Boulatov R, Widenhoefer RA, Craig SL. Allosteric control of olefin isomerization kinetics via remote metal binding and its mechanochemical analysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5074. [PMID: 37604905 PMCID: PMC10442431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric control of reaction thermodynamics is well understood, but the mechanisms by which changes in local geometries of receptor sites lower activation reaction barriers in electronically uncoupled, remote reaction moieties remain relatively unexplored. Here we report a molecular scaffold in which the rate of thermal E-to-Z isomerization of an alkene increases by a factor of as much as 104 in response to fast binding of a metal ion to a remote receptor site. A mechanochemical model of the olefin coupled to a compressive harmonic spring reproduces the observed acceleration quantitatively, adding the studied isomerization to the very few reactions demonstrated to be sensitive to extrinsic compressive force. The work validates experimentally the generalization of mechanochemical kinetics to compressive loads and demonstrates that the formalism of force-coupled reactivity offers a productive framework for the quantitative analysis of the molecular basis of allosteric control of reaction kinetics. Important differences in the effects of compressive vs. tensile force on the kinetic stabilities of molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Robert T O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Roman Boulatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | | | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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5
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Chen M, Zhong Y, Harris E, Li J, Zheng Z, Chen H, Wu JS, Jarillo-Herrero P, Ma Q, Edgar JH, Lin X, Dai S. Van der Waals isotope heterostructures for engineering phonon polariton dispersions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4782. [PMID: 37553366 PMCID: PMC10409777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Element isotopes are characterized by distinct atomic masses and nuclear spins, which can significantly influence material properties. Notably, however, isotopes in natural materials are homogenously distributed in space. Here, we propose a method to configure material properties by repositioning isotopes in engineered van der Waals (vdW) isotopic heterostructures. We showcase the properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) isotopic heterostructures in engineering confined photon-lattice waves-hyperbolic phonon polaritons. By varying the composition, stacking order, and thicknesses of h10BN and h11BN building blocks, hyperbolic phonon polaritons can be engineered into a variety of energy-momentum dispersions. These confined and tailored polaritons are promising for various nanophotonic and thermal functionalities. Due to the universality and importance of isotopes, our vdW isotope heterostructuring method can be applied to engineer the properties of a broad range of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Y Zhong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - E Harris
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, MA, 02467, USA
| | - J Li
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Z Zheng
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, 02139, USA
| | - H Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - J-S Wu
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30050, Taiwan
| | - P Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Q Ma
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, MA, 02467, USA
| | - J H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - X Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - S Dai
- Materials Research and Education Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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6
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Xu Z, Cao H, Yoon S, Kang PK, Jun YS, Kneafsey T, Sheets JM, Cole D, Pyrak-Nolte LJ. Gravity-driven controls on fluid and carbonate precipitation distributions in fractures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9400. [PMID: 37296283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many challenges related to carbon-dioxide ([Formula: see text]) sequestration in subsurface rock are linked to the injection of fluids through induced or existing fracture networks and how these fluids are altered through geochemical interactions. Here, we demonstrate that fluid mixing and carbonate mineral distributions in fractures are controlled by gravity-driven chemical dynamics. Using optical imaging and numerical simulations, we show that a density contrast between two miscible fluids causes the formation of a low-density fluid runlet that increases in areal extent as the fracture inclination decreases from 90[Formula: see text] (vertical fracture plane) to 30[Formula: see text]. The runlet is sustained over time and the stability of the runlet is controlled by the gravity-driven formation of 3D vortices that arise in a laminar flow regime. When homogeneous precipitation was induced, calcium carbonate covered the entire surface for horizontal fractures (0[Formula: see text]). However, for fracture inclinations greater than 10[Formula: see text], the runlet formation limited the areal extent of the precipitation to less than 15% of the fracture surface. These insights suggest that the ability to sequester [Formula: see text] through mineralization along fractures will depend on the fracture orientation relative to gravity, with horizontal fractures more likely to seal uniformly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hongfan Cao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Seonkyoo Yoon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Peter K Kang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Timothy Kneafsey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Julia M Sheets
- The Ohio State University, School of Earth Sciences, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David Cole
- The Ohio State University, School of Earth Sciences, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Laura J Pyrak-Nolte
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue University, Lyles School of Civil Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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7
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Yeh DW, Zhao X, Siddique HR, Zheng M, Choi HY, Machida T, Narayanan P, Kou Y, Punj V, Tahara SM, Feldman DE, Chen L, Machida K. MSI2 promotes translation of multiple IRES-containing oncogenes and virus to induce self-renewal of tumor initiating stem-like cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:141. [PMID: 37117191 PMCID: PMC10147607 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein Musashi 2 (MSI2) is elevated in several cancers and is linked to poor prognosis. Here, we tested if MSI2 promotes MYC and viral mRNA translation to induce self-renewal via an internal ribosome entry sequence (IRES). We performed RIP-seq using anti-MSI2 antibody in tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs). MSI2 binds the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-containing oncogene mRNAs including MYC, JUN and VEGFA as well as HCV IRES to increase their synthesis and promote self-renewal and tumor-initiation at the post-transcriptional level. MSI2 binds a lncRNA to interfere with processing of a miRNA that reduced MYC translation in basal conditions. Deregulation of this integrated MSI2-lncRNA-MYC regulatory loop drives self-renewal and tumorigenesis through increased IRES-dependent translation of MYC mRNA. Overexpression of MSI2 in TICs promoted their self-renewal and tumor-initiation properties. Inhibition of MSI2-RNA binding reduced HCV IRES activity, viral replication and liver hyperplasia in humanized mice predisposed by virus infection and alcohol high-cholesterol high-fat diet. Together MSI2, integrating the MYC oncogenic pathway, can be employed as a therapeutic target in the treatment of HCC patients. A hypothetical model shows that MSI2 binds and activates cap-independent translation of MYC, c-JUN mRNA and HCV through MSI2-binding to Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRES) resulting in upregulated MYC, c-JUN and viral protein synthesis and subsequent liver oncogenesis. Inhibitor of the interaction between MYC IRES and MSI2 reduces liver hyperplasia, viral mRNA translation and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Yeh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Mengmei Zheng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Tatsuya Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Padmini Narayanan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Yi Kou
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Stanley M Tahara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Douglas E Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, 90033, USA.
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, 90033, USA.
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8
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Hakimian A, Mohebinia M, Nazari M, Davoodabadi A, Nazifi S, Huang Z, Bao J, Ghasemi H. Freezing of few nanometers water droplets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6973. [PMID: 34848730 PMCID: PMC8632967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-ice transformation of few nm nanodroplets plays a critical role in nature including climate change, microphysics of clouds, survival mechanism of animals in cold environments, and a broad spectrum of technologies. In most of these scenarios, water-ice transformation occurs in a heterogenous mode where nanodroplets are in contact with another medium. Despite computational efforts, experimental probing of this transformation at few nm scales remains unresolved. Here, we report direct probing of water-ice transformation down to 2 nm scale and the length-scale dependence of transformation temperature through two independent metrologies. The transformation temperature shows a sharp length dependence in nanodroplets smaller than 10 nm and for 2 nm droplet, this temperature falls below the homogenous bulk nucleation limit. Contrary to nucleation on curved rigid solid surfaces, ice formation on soft interfaces (omnipresent in nature) can deform the interface leading to suppression of ice nucleation. For soft interfaces, ice nucleation temperature depends on surface modulus. Considering the interfacial deformation, the findings are in good agreement with predictions of classical nucleation theory. This understanding contributes to a greater knowledge of natural phenomena and rational design of anti-icing systems for aviation, wind energy and infrastructures and even cryopreservation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hakimian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mohammadjavad Mohebinia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Masoumeh Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ali Davoodabadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Sina Nazifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zixu Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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9
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Sheng A, Lin L, Zhu J, Zhuang J, Li J, Chang L, Cheng H. Micro/nanodevices for assessment and treatment in stomatology and ophthalmology. Microsyst Nanoeng 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33532080 PMCID: PMC7844113 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanodevices have been widely applied for the real-time monitoring of intracellular activities and the delivery of exogenous substances in the past few years. This review focuses on miniaturized micro/nanodevices for assessment and treatment in stomatology and ophthalmology. We first summarize the recent progress in this field by examining the available materials and fabrication techniques, device design principles, mechanisms, and biosafety aspects of micro/nanodevices. Following a discussion of biochemical sensing technology from the cellular level to the tissue level for disease assessment, we then summarize the use of microneedles and other micro/nanodevices in the treatment of oral and ocular diseases and conditions, including oral cancer, eye wrinkles, keratitis, and infections. Along with the identified key challenges, this review concludes with future directions as a small fraction of vast opportunities, calling for joint efforts between clinicians and engineers with diverse backgrounds to help facilitate the rapid development of this burgeoning field in stomatology and ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- An’an Sheng
- The Institute of Single Cell Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xiang’An Hospital of Xiamen University, 361100 Xiamen, China
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210 Tangshan, China
| | - Long Lin
- The Institute of Single Cell Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Institute of Plastic Machinery and Plastic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Institute of Plastic Machinery and Plastic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xiang’An Hospital of Xiamen University, 361100 Xiamen, China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- The Institute of Single Cell Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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10
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Tsai ST, Kuo EJ, Tiwary P. Learning molecular dynamics with simple language model built upon long short-term memory neural network. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5115. [PMID: 33037228 PMCID: PMC7547727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent neural networks have led to breakthroughs in natural language processing and speech recognition. Here we show that recurrent networks, specifically long short-term memory networks can also capture the temporal evolution of chemical/biophysical trajectories. Our character-level language model learns a probabilistic model of 1-dimensional stochastic trajectories generated from higher-dimensional dynamics. The model captures Boltzmann statistics and also reproduces kinetics across a spectrum of timescales. We demonstrate how training the long short-term memory network is equivalent to learning a path entropy, and that its embedding layer, instead of representing contextual meaning of characters, here exhibits a nontrivial connectivity between different metastable states in the underlying physical system. We demonstrate our model's reliability through different benchmark systems and a force spectroscopy trajectory for multi-state riboswitch. We anticipate that our work represents a stepping stone in the understanding and use of recurrent neural networks for understanding the dynamics of complex stochastic molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ting Tsai
- Department of Physics and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - En-Jui Kuo
- Department of Physics and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Pratyush Tiwary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Li Z, Wang T, Miao S, Li Y, Lu Z, Jin C, Lian Z, Meng Y, Blei M, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Tongay S, Yao W, Smirnov D, Zhang C, Shi SF. Phonon-exciton Interactions in WSe 2 under a quantizing magnetic field. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3104. [PMID: 32561746 PMCID: PMC7305315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong many-body interaction in two-dimensional transitional metal dichalcogenides provides a unique platform to study the interplay between different quasiparticles, such as prominent phonon replica emission and modified valley-selection rules. A large out-of-plane magnetic field is expected to modify the exciton-phonon interactions by quantizing excitons into discrete Landau levels, which is largely unexplored. Here, we observe the Landau levels originating from phonon-exciton complexes and directly probe exciton-phonon interaction under a quantizing magnetic field. Phonon-exciton interaction lifts the inter-Landau-level transition selection rules for dark trions, manifested by a distinctively different Landau fan pattern compared to bright trions. This allows us to experimentally extract the effective mass of both holes and electrons. The onset of Landau quantization coincides with a significant increase of the valley-Zeeman shift, suggesting strong many-body effects on the phonon-exciton interaction. Our work demonstrates monolayer WSe2 as an intriguing playground to study phonon-exciton interactions and their interplay with charge, spin, and valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Tianmeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Shengnan Miao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Yunmei Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Zhenguang Lu
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Chenhao Jin
- Kavli Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhen Lian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Yuze Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Mark Blei
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dmitry Smirnov
- National High Magnetic Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Su-Fei Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Electrical, Computer & Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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12
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Brittingham A, Hren MT, Hartman G, Wilkinson KN, Mallol C, Gasparyan B, Adler DS. Geochemical Evidence for the Control of Fire by Middle Palaeolithic Hominins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15368. [PMID: 31653870 PMCID: PMC6814844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fire played an important role in the social and technological development of the genus Homo. Most archaeologists agree that this was a multi-stage process, beginning with the exploitation of natural fires and ending with the ability to create fire from scratch. Some have argued that in the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) hominin fire use was limited by the availability of fire in the landscape. Here, we present a record of the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic compounds that are produced during the combustion of organic material, from Lusakert Cave, a MP site in Armenia. We find no correlation between the abundance of light PAHs (3-4 rings), which are a major component of wildfire PAH emissions and are shown to disperse widely during fire events, and heavy PAHs (5-6 rings), which are a major component of particulate emissions of burned wood. Instead, we find heavy PAHs correlate with MP artifact density at the site. Given that hPAH abundance correlates with occupation intensity rather than lPAH abundance, we argue that MP hominins were able to control fire and utilize it regardless of the variability of fires in the environment. Together with other studies on MP fire use, these results suggest that the ability of hominins to manipulate fire independent of exploitation of wildfires was spatially variable in the MP and may have developed multiple times in the genus Homo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Brittingham
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Michael T Hren
- Department of Geoscience, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Gideon Hartman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Keith N Wilkinson
- Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Geography, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Mallol
- Palaeolithic Hunter-Gatherer Societies Research Group, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- U.D.I. de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Hª Antigua (Dpto. Geografía e Historia), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Archaeological Micromorphology and Biomarkers (AMBI Lab), Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Boris Gasparyan
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Charents 15, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Daniel S Adler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Whitaker KA, Varga Z, Hsiao LC, Solomon MJ, Swan JW, Furst EM. Colloidal gel elasticity arises from the packing of locally glassy clusters. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2237. [PMID: 31110184 PMCID: PMC6527676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal gels formed by arrested phase separation are found widely in agriculture, biotechnology, and advanced manufacturing; yet, the emergence of elasticity and the nature of the arrested state in these abundant materials remains unresolved. Here, the quantitative agreement between integrated experimental, computational, and graph theoretic approaches are used to understand the arrested state and the origins of the gel elastic response. The micro-structural source of elasticity is identified by the l-balanced graph partition of the gels into minimally interconnected clusters that act as rigid, load bearing units. The number density of cluster-cluster connections grows with increasing attraction, and explains the emergence of elasticity in the network through the classic Cauchy-Born theory. Clusters are amorphous and iso-static. The internal cluster concentration maps onto the known attractive glass line of sticky colloids at low attraction strengths and extends it to higher strengths and lower particle volume fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Whitaker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Dow, 1702 Building, Midland, MI, 48667, USA
| | - Zsigmond Varga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lilian C Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Engineering Building I, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Michael J Solomon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James W Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Eric M Furst
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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