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Haider S, Lembrechts JJ, McDougall K, Pauchard A, Alexander JM, Barros A, Cavieres LA, Rashid I, Rew LJ, Aleksanyan A, Arévalo JR, Aschero V, Chisholm C, Clark VR, Clavel J, Daehler C, Dar PA, Dietz H, Dimarco RD, Edwards P, Essl F, Fuentes‐Lillo E, Guisan A, Gwate O, Hargreaves AL, Jakobs G, Jiménez A, Kardol P, Kueffer C, Larson C, Lenoir J, Lenzner B, Padrón Mederos MA, Mihoc M, Milbau A, Morgan JW, Müllerová J, Naylor BJ, Nijs I, Nuñez MA, Otto R, Preuk N, Ratier Backes A, Reshi ZA, Rumpf SB, Sandoya V, Schroder M, Speziale KL, Urbach D, Valencia G, Vandvik V, Vitková M, Vorstenbosch T, Walker TWN, Walsh N, Wright G, Zong S, Seipel T. Think globally, measure locally: The MIREN standardized protocol for monitoring plant species distributions along elevation gradients. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8590. [PMID: 35222963 PMCID: PMC8844121 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and other global change drivers threaten plant diversity in mountains worldwide. A widely documented response to such environmental modifications is for plant species to change their elevational ranges. Range shifts are often idiosyncratic and difficult to generalize, partly due to variation in sampling methods. There is thus a need for a standardized monitoring strategy that can be applied across mountain regions to assess distribution changes and community turnover of native and non‐native plant species over space and time. Here, we present a conceptually intuitive and standardized protocol developed by the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) to systematically quantify global patterns of native and non‐native species distributions along elevation gradients and shifts arising from interactive effects of climate change and human disturbance. Usually repeated every five years, surveys consist of 20 sample sites located at equal elevation increments along three replicate roads per sampling region. At each site, three plots extend from the side of a mountain road into surrounding natural vegetation. The protocol has been successfully used in 18 regions worldwide from 2007 to present. Analyses of one point in time already generated some salient results, and revealed region‐specific elevational patterns of native plant species richness, but a globally consistent elevational decline in non‐native species richness. Non‐native plants were also more abundant directly adjacent to road edges, suggesting that disturbed roadsides serve as a vector for invasions into mountains. From the upcoming analyses of time series, even more exciting results can be expected, especially about range shifts. Implementing the protocol in more mountain regions globally would help to generate a more complete picture of how global change alters species distributions. This would inform conservation policy in mountain ecosystems, where some conservation policies remain poorly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Haider
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Jonas J. Lembrechts
- Research group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Keith McDougall
- Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Queanbeyan New South Wales Australia
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biologicas (LIB) Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
| | | | - Agustina Barros
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología y Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) CONICET Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
| | - Lohengrin A. Cavieres
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany University of Kashmir Srinagar India
| | - Lisa J. Rew
- Department of Land Resource and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Alla Aleksanyan
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecophysiology Institute of Botany aft. A.L. Takhtajyan NAS RA Yerevan Armenia
- Chair of Biology and Biotechnologies Armenian National Agrarian University Yerevan Armenia
| | - José R. Arévalo
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology University of La Laguna La Laguna Spain
| | - Valeria Aschero
- Instituto Argentino de Nivología y Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT) CONICET Mendoza Mendoza Argentina
| | | | - V. Ralph Clark
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography University of the Free State: Qwaqwa Campus Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
| | - Jan Clavel
- Research group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Curtis Daehler
- School of Life Sciences University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | | | - Hansjörg Dietz
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Romina D. Dimarco
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos IFAB (INTA‐CONICET) Bariloche Argentina
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Peter Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Eduardo Fuentes‐Lillo
- Research group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biologicas (LIB) Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
- School of Education and Social Sciences Adventist University of Chile Chillán Chile
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics & Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Onalenna Gwate
- Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography University of the Free State: Qwaqwa Campus Phuthaditjhaba South Africa
| | | | - Gabi Jakobs
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biologicas (LIB) Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Christian Larson
- Department of Land Resource and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN UMR 7058 CNRS) Université de Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Maritza Mihoc
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Ann Milbau
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest – INBO Brussels Belgium
| | - John W. Morgan
- Department of Ecology Environment and Evolution La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Jana Müllerová
- Department of GIS and Remote Sensing Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Research group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO) University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Martin A. Nuñez
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston Texas USA
- Grupo Ecología de Invasiones Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
| | - Rüdiger Otto
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology University of La Laguna La Laguna Spain
| | - Niels Preuk
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Amanda Ratier Backes
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Zafar A. Reshi
- Department of Botany University of Kashmir Srinagar India
| | - Sabine B. Rumpf
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Verónica Sandoya
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Yachay Tech University Urcuquí Ecuador
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
- Unitat d'Ecologia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Mellesa Schroder
- Department of Planning, Industry and Environment Jindabyne New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Davnah Urbach
- Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Graciela Valencia
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Michaela Vitková
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Tom Vorstenbosch
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Biology Leiden Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Tom W. N. Walker
- Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Neville Walsh
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Genevieve Wright
- Department of Planning, Industry and Environment NSW Government, Biodiversity and Conservation Queanbeyan New South Wales Australia
| | - Shengwei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains Ministry of Education School of Geographical Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Tim Seipel
- Department of Land Resource and Environmental Sciences Montana State University Bozeman Montana USA
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Essl F, Lenzner B, Bacher S, Bailey S, Capinha C, Daehler C, Dullinger S, Genovesi P, Hui C, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Leung B, Liebhold A, Liu C, MacIsaac HJ, Meyerson LA, Nuñez MA, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Richardson DM, Roy HE, Ruiz GM, Russell JC, Sanders NJ, Sax DF, Scalera R, Seebens H, Springborn M, Turbelin A, van Kleunen M, von Holle B, Winter M, Zenni RD, Mattsson BJ, Roura‐Pascual N. Drivers of future alien species impacts: An expert-based assessment. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4880-4893. [PMID: 32663906 PMCID: PMC7496498 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the likely future impacts of biological invasions is crucial yet highly challenging given the multiple relevant environmental, socio-economic and societal contexts and drivers. In the absence of quantitative models, methods based on expert knowledge are the best option for assessing future invasion trajectories. Here, we present an expert assessment of the drivers of potential alien species impacts under contrasting scenarios and socioecological contexts through the mid-21st century. Based on responses from 36 experts in biological invasions, moderate (20%-30%) increases in invasions, compared to the current conditions, are expected to cause major impacts on biodiversity in most socioecological contexts. Three main drivers of biological invasions-transport, climate change and socio-economic change-were predicted to significantly affect future impacts of alien species on biodiversity even under a best-case scenario. Other drivers (e.g. human demography and migration in tropical and subtropical regions) were also of high importance in specific global contexts (e.g. for individual taxonomic groups or biomes). We show that some best-case scenarios can substantially reduce potential future impacts of biological invasions. However, rapid and comprehensive actions are necessary to use this potential and achieve the goals of the Post-2020 Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Zenni RD, Sampaio AB, Lima YP, Pessoa-Filho M, Lins TCL, Pivello VR, Daehler C. Invasive Melinis minutiflora outperforms native species, but the magnitude of the effect is context-dependent. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Guisan A, Petitpierre B, Broennimann O, Kueffer C, Randin C, Daehler C. Response to Comment on “Climatic Niche Shifts Are Rare Among Terrestrial Plant Invaders”. Science 2012. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1226051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Geoscience and the Environment, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Petitpierre
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Broennimann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology–Plant Ecology, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16 ETH Zentrum, CHN, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Randin
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Curtis Daehler
- Botany Department, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Daehler C, Strong D. Hybridization between introduced smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora; Poaceae) and native California cordgrass (S. foliosa) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Am J Bot 1997; 84:607. [PMID: 21708612 DOI: 10.2307/2445896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduced Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) is rapidly invading intertidal mudflats in San Francisco Bay, California. At several sites, S. alterniflora co-occurs with native S. foliosa (California cordgrass), a species endemic to California salt marshes. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs) specific to each Spartina species were identified and used to test for hybridization between the native and introduced Spartina species in the greenhouse and in the field. Greenhouse crosses were made using S. alterniflora as the pollen donor and S. foliosa as the maternal plant, and these crosses produced viable seeds. The hybrid status of the crossed offspring was confirmed with the RAPD markers. Hybrids had low self-fertility but high fertility when back-crossed with S. foliosa pollen. Hybrids were also found established at two field sites in San Francisco Bay; these hybrids appeared vigorous and morphologically intermediate between the parental species. Field observations suggested that hybrids were recruiting more rapidly than the native S. foliosa. Previous work identified competition from introduced S. alterniflora as a threat to native S. foliosa. In this study, we identify introgression and the spread of hybrids as an additional, perhaps even more serious threat to conservation of S. foliosa in San Francisco Bay.
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