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Pedro J, Cunha FM, Neto V, Hespanhol V, Martins DF, Guimarães S, Varela A, Carvalho D. Coexistence of DIPNECH and carotid body paraganglioma: is it just a coincidence? Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020; 2020:EDM190141. [PMID: 32408270 PMCID: PMC7274547 DOI: 10.1530/edm-19-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY We describe the case of a 56 year-old woman with the almost simultaneous appearance of diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) and a carotid body paraganglioma. Of interest, 6 years earlier, the patient underwent total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinoma and, in the meantime, she was submitted to mastectomy to treat an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. In order to explain these lesions, an extensive genetic study was performed. Results showed positivity for the presence of the tumor suppressor gene PALB2, whose presence had already been detected in a niece with breast cancer. The patient underwent different procedures to treat the lesions and currently she is symptom-free over 2 years of follow-up. LEARNING POINTS The presence of two rare neoplasms in a single person should raise the suspicion of a common etiology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that shows the coexistence of DIPNECH and paraganglioma. The contribution of the PALB2 gene in the etiology of these rare neoplasms is a possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pedro
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F M Cunha
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - V Neto
- Department of Pneumology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Hespanhol
- Faculty of Medicine of Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pneumology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D F Martins
- Faculty of Medicine of Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Varela
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Nascimento FP, Macedo-Júnior SJ, Borges FRM, Cremonese RP, da Silva MD, Luiz-Cerutti M, Martins DF, Rodrigues ALS, Santos ARS. Thalidomide reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and depressive-like behavior induced by peripheral nerve crush in mice. Neuroscience 2015; 303:51-8. [PMID: 26126925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that chronic pain is able to induce depressive disorders in humans, in part, due to peripheral inflammation that reaches the central nervous system. However, the mechanisms involved remain to be established. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sciatic nerve crush could produce depression-like behaviors, in addition to pain-related behaviors, in mice. Once confirmed, this model was used to investigate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as a key mediator involved in the pathophysiology of both pain and depression. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Swiss mice were divided into three groups, naïve, sham and operated. In the operated group, the sciatic nerve was crushed. Following surgery, animals from the operated group were treated daily by oral gavage (p.o.) with saline (10 ml/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or thalidomide (10 mg/kg) for 15 days. Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated every 3 days by von Frey filaments and depressive-like behavior was assessed at the end of day 15, using the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST). Then, samples from the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and sciatic nerve were processed to measure TNF-α levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Crush caused significant mechanical hyperalgesia and depressive-like behaviors and increased TNF-α levels in the sciatic nerve, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of operated animals. Treatment with fluoxetine or thalidomide reversed crush-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, depressive-like behaviors and the increased TNF-α levels in the sciatic nerve, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The sciatic nerve crush model represents a good model to study to mechanisms underlying both pain and depressive-like behaviors. Furthermore, inhibitors of TNF-α synthesis, like thalidomide, have a potential to treat depressive disorders associated with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - S J Macedo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - F R M Borges
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - R P Cremonese
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - M D da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - M Luiz-Cerutti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - D F Martins
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Palhoça, SC, Brazil
| | - A L S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Brüggemann TR, Ávila LCM, Fortkamp B, Greiffo FR, Bobinski F, Mazzardo-Martins L, Martins DF, Duarte MMMF, Dafre A, Santos ARS, Silva MD, Souza LF, Vieira RP, Hizume-Kunzler DC. Effects of Swimming on the Inflammatory and Redox Response in a Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36:e10. [PMID: 25958938 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T R Brüggemann
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C M Ávila
- Physical Therapy, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - B Fortkamp
- Physical Therapy, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - F R Greiffo
- Research, Nove de Julho University - UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Bobinski
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - L Mazzardo-Martins
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - D F Martins
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - M M M F Duarte
- Department of Health Science, Lutheran University of Brazil, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A Dafre
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - A R S Santos
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - M D Silva
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - L F Souza
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - R P Vieira
- Research, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C Hizume-Kunzler
- Physical Therapy, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Brüggemann TR, Ávila LCM, Fortkamp B, Greiffo FR, Bobinski F, Mazzardo-Martins L, Martins DF, Duarte MMMF, Dafre A, Santos ARS, Silva MD, Souza LF, Vieira RP, Hizume-Kunzler DC. Effects of Swimming on the Inflammatory and Redox Response in a Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36:579-84. [PMID: 25837246 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we hypothesized that swimming during sensitization phase could result in a preventive effect in mice with allergic asthma. Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: Control and Swimming (non-sensitized), OVA and OVA+Swimming (sensitized). The allergic inflammation was induced by 2 intraperitoneal injections and 4 aerosol challenges using ovalbumin. Swimming sessions were performed at high intensity over 3 weeks. 48 h after the last challenge mice were euthanized. Swimming decreased OVA-increased total IgE, IL-1, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6 levels, as well as the number of total cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, (p<0.05). Simultaneously, swimming also increased IL-10 and glutathione levels in the Swimming and OVA+Swimming groups (p<0.05). The levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase were increased only in the Swimming group when compared to all groups (p<0.05). 21 days of swimming resulted in an attenuation of pulmonary allergic inflammation followed by an increase of glutathione levels in the OVA group. Swimming only increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in non-sensitized mice (p<0.05). These data suggest that the pulmonary anti-inflammatory effects produced by 3 weeks of high-intensity swimming in this model of OVA-induced asthma may be, at least partly, modulated by reduced oxidative stress and increased IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Brüggemann
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C M Ávila
- Physical Therapy, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - B Fortkamp
- Physical Therapy, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - F R Greiffo
- Research, Nove de Julho University - UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Bobinski
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - L Mazzardo-Martins
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - D F Martins
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - M M M F Duarte
- Department of Health Science, Lutheran University of Brazil, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A Dafre
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - A R S Santos
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - M D Silva
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - L F Souza
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - R P Vieira
- Research, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D C Hizume-Kunzler
- Physical Therapy, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Machado JA, Ghizoni MF, Bertelli J, Teske GC, Teske GC, Martins DF, Mazzardo-Martins L, Cargnin-Ferreira E, Santos ARS, Piovezan AP. Stretch-induced nerve injury: a proposed technique for the study of nerve regeneration and evaluation of the influence of gabapentin on this model. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:929-935. [PMID: 24270909 PMCID: PMC3854331 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat models currently employed for studies of nerve regeneration present distinct
disadvantages. We propose a new technique of stretch-induced nerve injury, used here
to evaluate the influence of gabapentin (GBP) on nerve regeneration. Male Wistar rats
(300 g; n=36) underwent surgery and exposure of the median nerve in the right
forelimbs, either with or without nerve injury. The technique was performed using
distal and proximal clamps separated by a distance of 2 cm and a sliding distance of
3 mm. The nerve was compressed and stretched for 5 s until the bands of Fontana
disappeared. The animals were evaluated in relation to functional, biochemical and
histological parameters. Stretching of the median nerve led to complete loss of motor
function up to 12 days after the lesion (P<0.001), compared to non-injured nerves,
as assessed in the grasping test. Grasping force in the nerve-injured animals did not
return to control values up to 30 days after surgery (P<0.05). Nerve injury also
caused an increase in the time of sensory recovery, as well as in the electrical and
mechanical stimulation tests. Treatment of the animals with GBP promoted an
improvement in the morphometric analysis of median nerve cross-sections compared with
the operated vehicle group, as observed in the area of myelinated fibers or
connective tissue (P<0.001), in the density of myelinated fibers/mm2
(P<0.05) and in the degeneration fragments (P<0.01). Stretch-induced nerve
injury seems to be a simple and relevant model for evaluating nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Machado
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão,SC, Brasil
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Mazzardo-Martins L, Martins DF, Stramosk J, Cidral-Filho FJ, Santos ARS. Glycogen synthase kinase 3-specific inhibitor AR-A014418 decreases neuropathic pain in mice: evidence for the mechanisms of action. Neuroscience 2012; 226:411-20. [PMID: 23000630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the antihyperalgesic effect of a specific inhibitor of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3), AR-A014418, on the partial ligation of the sciatic nerve (PSNL), a neuropathic pain model in mice and investigated some mechanisms of action. AR-A014418 (0.01-1 mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia. This action started 30 min after i.p. administration and remained significant up to 2 h. When administered daily for 5 days, AR-A014418 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia caused by PSNL. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with AR-A014418 (0.3 mg/kg) also significantly inhibited cold hyperalgesia induced by PSNL. Pre-administration of PCPA (100 mg/kg, i.p., inhibitor of serotonin synthesis) and AMPT (100 mg/kg, i.p., inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase), but not l-arginine (600 mg/kg, i.p., a nitric oxide precursor), significantly reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia elicited by AR-A014418. Furthermore, the administration of AR-A014418 significantly prevented the increase of TNF-α (inhibition of 76±8%) and IL-1β (inhibition of 62±10%), but did not alter lumbar spinal cord IL1-ra and IL-10 levels. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of AR-A014418 did not affect locomotor activity in the open-field test. Taken together, these results provide experimental evidence indicating that AR-A014418 produces marked antihyperalgesic effects in neuropathic pain in mice, possibly due to mechanisms that reduce proinflammatory cytokines, as well as increases in serotonergic and catecholaminergic pathways. The present study suggests that GSK3 may be a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of neuropathic pain and AR-A014418 might be a potential molecule of interest for chronic pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mazzardo-Martins
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário-Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Coelho VR, Gianesini J, Von Borowski R, Mazzardo-Martins L, Martins DF, Picada JN, Santos ARS, Brum LFS, Pereira P. (-)-Linalool, a naturally occurring monoterpene compound, impairs memory acquisition in the object recognition task, inhibitory avoidance test and habituation to a novel environment in rats. Phytomedicine 2011; 18:896-901. [PMID: 21420842 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is known that (-)-linalool is a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, which play a key role in the learning and memory processes; however, only a few studies have reported a possible interference of (-)-linalool in memory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the (-)-linalool effects on acquisition of short- and long-term memories through the objects recognition task, inhibitory avoidance test and habituation to a novel environment. Furthermore, the open field test was used to investigate the interference of (-)-linalool in motivation, locomotion and exploration by animals. Wistar male adult rats received an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of saline (NaCl 0.9%), tween 5% or (-)-linalool (50 or 100 mg/kg) before training in the tasks; MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg), a glutamate antagonist, was used as positive control. Short-term (STM) and long-term (LTM) memories were tested 1.5 and 24 h after training, respectively, in the inhibitory avoidance and recognition objects. The results suggested that (-)-linalool (as 50- and 100-mg/kg doses) impaired LTM acquisition, but not STM acquisition, in the object recognition task. In the inhibitory avoidance test, animals receiving linalool (both doses) showed impairment in acquisition of both memories measured. In the open field test, the animals that received (-)-linalool showed no significant difference in the crossings and latency to start the locomotion in any of the doses tested, although (-)-linalool 100 mg/kg reduced rearing behavior. When re-exposed to open field 24 h after training, the rats that received (-)-linalool 100mg/kg showed no habituation. Taken together, these data suggested that (-)-linalool was able to impair the acquisition of memory in rats, which can be associated to (-)-linalool antagonist capacity as regards NMDA glutamatergic receptors, since other glutamate antagonists also seem to affect memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Bairro São José, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Sartorelli e Sartorelli E, Barcelos ACZ, Satrapa RA, Martins DF, Nogueira MFG, Potiens JR, Seneda MM, Barros CM. 296 INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM HEAT STRESS ON THE BLASTOCYST RATE OF BOVINE EMBRYOS (INDICUS VS. TAURUS) FROM OOCYTES OBTAINED BY OVUM PICKUP. Reprod Fertil Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv18n2ab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that the deleterious effects of heat stress (HS) on fertility are less pronounced in Bos indicus than in B. taurus breeds, due primarily to differences in their thermoregulatory capacity. In the present work, the resistance to heat stress of Nelore embryos (B. indicus) was compared to either a breed not adapted (Angus; B. taurus) or adapted to high temperatures (Bonsmara; 5/8 B. indicus × 3/8 B. taurus). In Experiments (Exp.) 1 (Nelore vs. Angus) and 2 (Nelore vs. Bonsmara), oocytes obtained by ovum pickup OPU (during autumn) were matured (TCM-199), fertilized, and cultured (SOFaaci) in vitro. Ninety-six hours post-insemination (hpi), embryos with more than 16 cells were randomly allocated in two main groups: Group Control (embryos were maintained at 39°C all of the time) and Group HS (embryos were maintained at 41°C during 12 h and afterwards returned to 39°C). Blastocyst rates were determined on the 7th day of culture. In Exp. 1, 294 oocytes from Nelore and 144 from Angus cows had a cleavage rate of 67.9 and 59.4%, respectively. Ninety-six-hpi embryos (>16 cells) were distributed in four groups: Nelore Control (n = 97), Nelore HS (n = 95), Angus Control (n = 34) and Angus HS (n = 25). The blastocyst rates were 39/97 (40.2%), 23/95 (24.2%), 19/34 (55.9%), and e 8/25 (32.0%), respectively. The difference in rate of blatocyst formation caused by heat stress on Nelore (16.0%) and Angus (23.9%) was not significantly different (P < 0.05), and suggests, from oocytes obtained by OPU, that Nelore embryos may be more tolerant to HS than Angus embryos. However, it is necessary to increase the number of blastocysts per group in order to better characterize the effects of heat stress on these embryos. In Exp. 2, 294 oocytes from Nelore and 101 from Bonsmara cows had a cleavage rate of 41.2 and 51.2%, respectively. Ninety-six-hpi embryos (>16 cells) were distributed in four groups: Nelore Control (n = 44), Nelore HS (n = 49), Bonsmara Control (n = 22), and Bonsmara HS (n = 22). The blastocyst rates were 35/44 (79.5%), 30/49 (61.2%), 10/22 (45.5%), and 6/22 (27.3%), respectively. In spite of the fact that Bonsmara embryos had a lower blastocyst rate as compared to Nelore, the decline on blastocyst rate caused by HS was very similar in Nelore (18.3%) and Bonsmara embryos (18.2%). Additional OPU are underway to test the hypothesis that thermotolerance of Nelore embryos is similar to that in embryos from a breed adapted to high temperatures (Bonsmara), and superior to embryos from a non adapted breed (Angus).
E. S. S., R. A. S., and M. F. G. N. were supported by a fellowship from FAPESP, and A. C. Z. B. by a fellowship from CAPES of Brazil.
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