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Obiri-Yeboah D, Charwudzi A, Baidoo IK, Botchway ET, Addo SA, Nsiah P, Ekem I. Haematological Changes among HIV-Positive Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana. West Afr J Med 2020; 37:40-47. [PMID: 32030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematological abnormalities such as anaemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Few researchers have studied the changes in HIV positive patients before and during antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ghana. This study is aimed at determining the haematological profile of people living with HIV (PLHIV) at baseline and whilst on ART in a tertiary facility in Cape Coast, Ghana. METHODS This was an analytical cross-sectional study with a retrospective component among PLHIV assessing ART services at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Full blood count (FBC) test was performed on blood samples and the results were analyzed and categorized based on WHO definitions. RESULTS A total of 440 participants were included. The mean haemoglobin level (g/dL) for females at baseline, 6 months after ART and during this study were 9.6 (±1.8), 10.9 (±1.4) and 11.6 (±1.4); and 10.2 (±2.1), 11.6 (±1.7) and 11.8 (±1.6) for males. At baseline, the commonest type of anaemia for both females and males was microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The mean platelet count was 382 x 109/l at baseline but reduced to 298 x 109/L after 6 months on ART. Among male participants in this study, the main factor associated with being anaemic after 6 months on ART was the ART regimen with non-Zidovudine based regimen, having reduced odds of anaemia of OR 0.3 (95%CI 0.1 - 0.9), p-value of 0.04. Among females, having plasma viral load >1000 copies per ml was found to have increased odds of being anaemic (OR 1.4, 95%CI 0.7 - 2.6), though not statistically significant (P-value of 0.32). CONCLUSION The prevalence of anaemia, though improved on ART, was high among PLHIV. It is essential to ensure that full blood count of PLHIV in Ghana are done regularly, at all levels of service provision, with appropriate referral systems in place. The change to the current TDF based preferred first line ART regimen must also be enforced to reduce the potential risks associated with AZT use. This will improve outcome for PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - A Charwudzi
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical School Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - I K Baidoo
- Public Health Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - E T Botchway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - S A Addo
- National AIDS Control Programme, Accra, Ghana
| | - P Nsiah
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences,University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - I Ekem
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical School Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Ouermi D, Soubeiga D, Nadembega WMC, Sawadogo PM, Zohoncon TM, Obiri-Yeboah D, Djigma FW, Nordgren J, Simpore J. Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus in Children under Five in Africa (2006-2016): A Systematic Review. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:59-69. [PMID: 29022996 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.59.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Group A human rotaviruses (RVA) are the most common causes of severe viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. The available vaccines, while effective in Europe and North America have shown a reduced efficacy in Africa. One issue raised is the genetic variability of RVA. The objective of this study was to perform a literature review of molecular epidemiology to determine the prevalence of RVA genotypes circulating in Africa so as to establish a mapping of reliable data on these various genotypes. The search for articles was done from the National Institutes of Health (PUBMED) using three set of keywords. Articles were selected with inclusion criteria such as the date of publication, the age of the children, the sample size and the diagnostic techniques (standardized laboratory techniques). The data were imported into STATA SE version 11 software. Specific prevalence was estimated with Confidence Intervals (CI) of 95%. A total of 326 published studies were initially retrieved, out of which 27 studies were finally selected for the systematic review. The selected studies cover 20 African countries. The most encountered genotypes in Africa during this period were G1 (32.72%), followed by G2 (17.17%), G3 (9.88%), G9 (8.61%) and G12 (7.56%) among the G-types. The most common P-types were P[8] (48.71%) followed by P[6] (22.60%) and P[4] (11.58%) and the G1P[8] combination (22.64%) was the most encountered followed by G2P[4] (8.29%), G9P[8] (6.95%) and G2P[6] (5.00%). North Africa presented the highest prevalence of the P[8] genotype (65.70%). This review provides a comprehensive view of the current circulating rotavirus strains in Africa, which can be important in light of the new rotavirus vaccinations. Indeed, in Africa, the pursuit of national and continental studies for epidemiological surveillance of circulating rotavirus strains is vital for the promotion of future successful vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ouermi
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 01 B.P. 364, 01 Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - D Soubeiga
- Institut de Formation et de Recherche Interdisciplinaires en Santé (IFRIS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - W M C Nadembega
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 01 B.P. 364, 01 Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - P M Sawadogo
- Institut de Formation et de Recherche Interdisciplinaires en Santé (IFRIS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - T M Zohoncon
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 01 B.P. 364, 01 Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - D Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - F W Djigma
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 01 B.P. 364, 01 Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - J Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Simpore
- University Saint Thomas d'Aquin, USTA, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Traore IMA, Zohoncon TM, Ndo O, Djigma FW, Obiri-Yeboah D, Compaore TR, Guigma SP, Yonli AT, Traore G, Ouedraogo P, Ouedraogo CMR, Traore Y, Simpore J. Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection and Genotype Characterization among Women in Orodara, Western Burkina Faso. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 19:306-311. [PMID: 29023032 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2016.306.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer usually occurs several years after persistent infection with oncogenic or high-risk human papillomavirus. The objective of this study was to determine carriage of 14 genotypes of high-risk human papillomavirus among women at Orodara and then characterize the genotypes found in these women. MATERIALS AND METHODS From June to July 2015, 120 women from the general population were recruited in the health district of Orodara. They voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Endocervical samples were taken from these women prior to screening for precancerous lesions by visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol's iodine. Identification of high-risk human papillomavirus genotype was done using real-time PCR. RESULTS High-risk human papillomavirus prevalence was 38.3% and the most common genotypes were HPV 52 (25.4%), HPV 33 (20.6%) and HPV 59 (11.1%). The HPV 66 was also identified with a prevalence of 9.5%. CONCLUSION The HPV 16 and HPV 18 which are frequently associated with cancer worldwide were not found among the most frequent oncogenic HPV in women in Orodara.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M A Traore
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - T M Zohoncon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - O Ndo
- Health District of Orodara, Burkina Faso
| | - F W Djigma
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - D Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - T R Compaore
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - S P Guigma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - A T Yonli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - G Traore
- Obstetrician-gynecologist, Polyvalent Medical Ce nter-Health and Reproduction, Bobo, Burkina Faso
| | - P Ouedraogo
- Faculty of Medicine, University Saint Thomas d' Aquin, 06 BP 10212 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - C M R Ouedraogo
- Obstetrician-gynecologist, UFR/SDS, University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03,Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital (CHU/YO), 03 BP 7022, Burkina Faso
| | - Y Traore
- Training and Research Unit in Life and Earth Science (UFR/SVT), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - J Simpore
- Faculty of Medicine, University Saint Thomas d' Aquin, 06 BP 10212 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
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Obiri-Yeboah D, Sam-Agudu N, Amponsah G. Educating a critical mass of African women scientists in global health
research: a survey from Ghana. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zohoncon TM, Ouedraogo TC, Brun LVC, Obiri-Yeboah D, Djigma WF, Kabibou S, Ouattara S, Gomina M, Yonli AT, Bazie VJTE, Ouedraogo C, Lompo O, Akpona SA, Simpore J. Molecular Epidemiology of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and in Cervical Cancer in Parakou, Republic of Benin. Pak J Biol Sci 2016; 19:49-56. [PMID: 29023039 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2016.49.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection remains a worldwide concern, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and genotypic distribution of High-Risk HPV (HR-HPV) involved in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) II and III and in cervical cancer in Parakou. Out of a total of 149 samples of cervical tissues archived, fixed and paraffin-embedded, 78 samples with histological diagnosis of CIN-II, CIN-III and cervical cancer went through deparaffinization with xylene, followed by an extraction of HPV DNA and the detection of HR-HPV by real-time multiplex PCR. The average age of the women was 40.05±13.99 years. The samples were positive to at least one HR-HPV genotype in 76.92% (50/65) of cases. The HR-HPV genotypes which are most common in the cervical cancer and in CIN-II and III were, respectively HPV-39 (38 and 37.50%), HPV-18 (35 and 31.30%), HPV-45 (35 and 31.30%), HPV-35 (9 and 25%) and HPV-52 (9 and 12.50%). The HPV-16 was absent. This study helped to detect (in samples archived, fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues) HR-HPV involved in high-grade precancerous lesions and in cervical cancer in Parakou, some of which are not covered by currently available vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Zohoncon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - T C Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics (LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - L V C Brun
- Teaching and Research Unit in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou,Republic of Benin
| | - D Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Coast, University Post Office, Ghana
| | - W F Djigma
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - S Kabibou
- Department of Service of Gynecology, University Hospital of Borgou and Alibori (CHUD-B/A), BP 123 Parakou, Republic of Benin
| | - S Ouattara
- Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU/YO), 03 BP 7022, Republic of Benin
| | - M Gomina
- Teaching and Research Unit in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Republic of Benin
| | - A T Yonli
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - V J T E Bazie
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), 01 BP 364 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - C Ouedraogo
- Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU/YO), 03 BP 7022, Republic of Benin
| | - O Lompo
- Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (CHU/YO), 03 BP 7022, Republic of Benin
| | - S A Akpona
- Teaching and Research Unit in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, BP 123 Parakou, Republic of Benin
| | - J Simpore
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint Thomas d'Aquin, 06 BP 10212 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
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Obiri-Yeboah D, Amoako-Sakyi D, Baidoo I, Adu-Oppong A, Rheinländer T. The 'Fears' of Disclosing HIV Status to Sexual Partners: A Mixed Methods Study in a Counseling Setting in Ghana. AIDS Behav 2016; 20:126-36. [PMID: 25711298 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Encouraging disclosure within a trusting and supportive environment is imperative in dealing with HIV/AIDS related stigma. However, disclosure rates and the factors that influence it are vaguely understood in African societies. This study aimed at determining the disclosure rate and factors that influence disclosure in Cape Coast, Ghana. In-depth interviews of 15 peer educators and a survey of 510 PLHIV were used in a mixed methods study design. Majority of the study participants (78.6 %) had disclosed their HIV positive status to their sexual partners. Although peer educators in this study portrayed the overall outcome of disclosure to be negative, 84.0 % of disclosers were accepted by their partners without negative consequences after disclosure. This study suggests that the existing support services ill prepares newly diagnosed HIV positive clients and hampers disclosure initiatives. Providing comprehensive support services and re-training peer educators may be crucial in creating a safe disclosure environment in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - D Amoako-Sakyi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - I Baidoo
- ART Center, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box CT 1363, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - A Adu-Oppong
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - T Rheinländer
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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