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Basannar DR, Singh S, Yadav J, Yadav AK. Quantifying Age Heaping and Age Misreporting in a Multicentric Survey. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:104-106. [PMID: 35368490 PMCID: PMC8971874 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1179_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Demographic indices known as the age-heaping indexes were used to explore the patterns of age misreporting in a multicentric survey. Methods: The data of 3252 individuals were analyzed, and measurement of errors in age for the sampled data has been evaluated by Whipple's Index (WI), Myer's Blended Index, and United Nations Age–Sex Accuracy Score which comprises Sex Ratio Score, Male Age Ratio Score (ARS), and Female ARS. Results: Out of total 3252 participants, 828 (25.5%) were female. The mean statistical division age of our population was 34 (8.5) years and ranged from 15 to 65 years. The percentage of female ages ending with digits 0 or 5 is 23.55% and percentage of male ages ending with digits 0 or 5 is 23.28%. The calculated WI was 117.75 and 116.34 for males and females, respectively. The calculated Myer's Index for females and males is 10.53 and 25, respectively. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that probably age-heaping bias is less of problem in the conducted study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Basannar
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumeet Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Independent Researcher, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Kumar Yadav
- Department of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Swain SK, Chatterjee K, Basannar DR. Efficacy of group intervention on tobacco cessation among male employees in health-care setting: A randomized controlled trial. Med J Armed Forces India 2021; 77:32-37. [PMID: 33487863 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. World Health Organization has estimated that tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) is currently responsible for the death of about 7 million people across the world each year. The objective of the study was not only to find the effect of group intervention on tobacco cessation but also to describe certain epidemiological factors associated with tobacco cessation and make suitable recommendations to tackle this epidemic. Methods A randomized controlled trial was carried out among male employees who were tobacco users in health-care setting in Western Maharashtra. In the study, 60 subjects each in intervention and control arm were taken. Pretested validated questionnaires were used for the study. The intervention comprised of two sessions delivered 5 weeks apart. Control arm received self-help material (Booklet) immediately after baseline data collection. The outcomes were measured using structured interview schedule. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20. Results Overall, 13.3% of the study subjects had quit tobacco use post intervention. In the intervention group 21.7% of the participants had quit tobacco since past one month and 5% in the control group (relative risk (RR) = 4.33). Low to moderate nicotine dependence (p = 0.023, RR = 6.46) and stage of contemplation (p = 0.018) were found to be important predictors of abstinence. Conclusion Community-based group intervention for tobacco cessation is the way forward to tackle the tobacco epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Swain
- Officer-in-Charge, Station Health Organisation, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Kunal Chatterjee
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'F', Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Dua S, Singh SP, Chawla A, Mohan L, Bhattacharya A, Basannar DR. Ventilatory parameters at rest after months of stay at 3300 m: A comparison between acclimatized lowlanders and natives at Leh. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:274-281. [PMID: 31388229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased pulmonary ventilation helps lowlanders and natives to maintain arterial oxygenation at high altitudes. Natives of Ladakh have been shown to have similar ventilatory parameters as Tibetans at 3300 m. But there is limited literature comparing these parameters in Ladakhi natives with acclimatized lowland sojourners. Methods End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured in 276 participants, 126 native highlanders (NHL - 40 females, 86 males) and 150 acclimatized lowlanders (ALL - 60 females, 90 males). Results EtCO2 was greater in the NHL compared to the ALL, (33.8 ± 3.3 vs 31 ± 2.5 mmHg) although SpO2 was lower (90.9 ± 2.4 vs 91.7 ± 2.3%). When grouped by sex, NHL males had significantly greater EtCO2 than NHL females, ALL males and ALL females. Hb and calculated arterial oxygen content was similar in Ladakhis and acclimatized lowlanders, although greater in males compared to females. Systemic blood pressure, heart rate and the proportion of hypertensives was significantly greater in the ALL. Conclusion Native Ladakhis, have a significantly greater resting EtCO2 (especially in males) and lower SpO2 than acclimatized lowlanders. Blood Hb concentration and oxygen content is, however, similar in natives and acclimatized lowlanders of the same sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelka Dua
- Classified Specialist (Physiology), 165 Military Hospital, C/o 99 APO, India
| | - S P Singh
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Anuj Chawla
- Senior Adviser (Physiology), Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, Delhi, India
| | - Latika Mohan
- Professor & Head (Physiology), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anirban Bhattacharya
- Research Pool Officer, High Altitude Medical Research Centre, Leh, Ladakh, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'F', Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Pandit S, Thomas MR, Banerjee A, Angadi M, Kumar S, Tandon A, Shrivastava T, Bandopadhyay D, Jamwal VDS, Basannar DR. A crossover comparative study to assess efficacy of competency based medical education (CBME) and the traditional structured (TS) method in selected competencies of living anatomy of first year MBBS curriculum: A pilot study. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:259-265. [PMID: 31388227 PMCID: PMC6676323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competency based medical education (CBME) is outcome based teaching methodology where a student learns a set of measurable competencies for early clinical exposure. Inspite of ample resources on CBME, there are limited studies on its implementation. This study will try to demonstrate improvement in the performance of students using CBME as a teaching tool over the traditional structured method (TS). METHODS Forty student volunteers were chosen and divided into two groups. The crossover design exposed the group of students to CBME and TS spread over two periods with a wash out period in between. The intervention group was exposed to selected list of competencies in living Anatomy with feedbacks and formative assessments. The summative assessments were held at the end of each period. RESULTS The mean scores of CBME and TS in group 1 is 130.625 and 113.65 while in group 2 is 139.425 and 112.075 respectively. The treatment and period effect is significant. Estimate of treatment effect is 22.1625. The average improvement in treatment scores is by 11%. Two tailed paired sample T test reveals significant improvement in the scores post intervention. CONCLUSION CBME method produces better performance of the students in the competencies of living anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Pandit
- Classified Specialist & Professor (Anatomy), Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi Cantt 110010, India
| | - Merlin R Thomas
- Resident, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Resident, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Mohan Angadi
- Resident, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Aseem Tandon
- Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Debasis Bandopadhyay
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - V D S Jamwal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'F', Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Patrikar S, Kachroo K, Sharma J, Kotwal A, Basannar DR, Bhatti VK, Mukherji S, Nair V. A systematic review and cost-effectiveness analyses of the new World Health Organization guidelines for the treatment of HIV-positive adults in India. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:31-40. [PMID: 30705476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 has revised its guidelines on antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults and further updated it in 2016. Based on the WHO recommendations, in May 2017, National AIDS Control Organisation, India recommended initiation of ART treatment for all people living with HIV, regardless of CD4 count, clinical stage, age, or population. This systematic review aims to assess the clinical effectiveness and cost implication of the new guidelines for India. Methods A systematic and comprehensive literature search on PubMed, OvidSP, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was carried out. Studies reporting either acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or mortality or both as outcome variables were selected. A meta-analysis of the available studies was carried out. The risk ratio was calculated to assess the reduction in AIDS or mortality or both. Cost-effectiveness analysis using health technology principles evaluating the lives saved in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and cost per quality-adjusted life years gained was carried out. Results Nine eligible studies were included for the meta-analysis. For India, the pooled relative risk of AIDS or mortality or both being 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-0.92) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.68-0.89) for ART initiation at CD4 count of ≤350 vs CD4 count of ≤500 and at CD4 count of ≤500 vs CD4 count > 500 cells/mm3, respectively. The incremental cost for per additional life saved is US$ 2592 and US$ 2357 for ART initiation at ≤500 and > 500 CD4 count, respectively. Conclusion The adoption of the new WHO guidelines is beneficial with substantial reduction in AIDS or mortality or both. This study suggests that adopting new WHO guidelines is cost-effective for India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patrikar
- Statistician, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Kavita Kachroo
- Consultant, NHSRC, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India
| | - Jitendar Sharma
- Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Priority Medical Devices & Health Technology Policy, NHSRC, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India
| | - Atul Kotwal
- Professor (Community Medicine), Army College of Medical Science, New Delhi 110010, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'F', Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - V K Bhatti
- Director Health, Armed Forces Medical Services, O/o DGAFMS. Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| | | | - Velu Nair
- Senior Consultant, Haemato-Oncology & Bone Marrow Transplant, Comprehensive Blood & Cancer Center (CBCC), 632, C-1, Ansals Palam Vihar, Carterpuri, Gurgaon 122017, India
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Hiremath R, Kunte R, Kotwal A, Ghodke S, Basannar DR, Yadav A, Basundra S. Knowledge of anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS: A cross-sectional study. J Mar Med Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_54_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mhaske N, Agarwal R, Wadhwa RD, Basannar DR. Study of the Risk Factors for Cesarean Delivery in Induced Labors at Term. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2014; 65:236-40. [PMID: 26243989 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-014-0596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of labor has become one of the most common interventions in obstetrics. Induction is indicated when the benefits to either mother or fetus outweigh those of continuing the pregnancy. Maternal complication rates that are increased in association with labor induction include cesarean delivery, chorioamnionitis, abruptio placentae, and uterine atony. So identifying those pregnancies that can be induced with low risk of cesarean delivery is important. The aim of this study was to identify those factors which influence the risk of emergency cesarean delivery in induced labors at term. METHODS It is a case-control study conducted at Tertiary care center and affiliated hospitals. In this study, odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval is taken as a measure of relative risk. Patients were evaluated for risk factors for cesarean section using logistic regression. Cases include all women who were induced at term and delivered by emergency cesarean section. Controls include all women who were induced at term and delivered vaginally. RESULTS The risk factors for cesarean delivery are advanced maternal age at delivery (≥35 years), high early pregnancy body mass index (≥30 kg/m(2)), nulliparity, low preinduction Bishops score (<5), gestational diabetes mellitus, and intrauterine growth restriction. CONCLUSION Women with multiple risk factors for cesarean can be taken up for elective cesarean section rather than inducing them at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Mhaske
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Military Hospital Gopalpur, C/O 56 APO, 900403 India
| | - Raju Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra India
| | - R D Wadhwa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra India
| | - D R Basannar
- Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, 411040 Maharashtra India
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Patrikar S, Basannar DR, Bhatti VK, Kotwal A, Gupta RM, Grewal RS. Rate of decline in CD4 count in HIV patients not on antiretroviral therapy. Med J Armed Forces India 2013; 70:134-8. [PMID: 24843201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progressive decline in the CD4 count in HIV patients leads to a more general decline in immune functioning. The study has been carried out to determine the decline in CD4 count in HIV patients. METHODS The study was conducted in a medical college hospital at Maharashtra. The information on baseline CD4 count was gathered from positive patient records registered in the central disease registry. The baseline CD4 count was the first count of CD4 obtained when the patient is diagnosed as HIV positive and further two subsequent readings. The time from baseline (t1) till the last CD4 count (t2) was divided into the different quartiles and the median decline in CD4 count in each quartile was determined. As the time between the two CD4 count measurements was not uniform the rate of change in CD4 was measured with respect to time as [X (t2) - X (t1)/(t2 - t1)]. Correlation was assessed using correlation coefficient. RESULTS As the CD4 counts were following skewed distribution, the normality was achieved by cuberoot transformation. The overall rate of decline in CD4 count was estimated to be 35 cells/μL per year with 95% confidence interval (CI) as (17.01, 85.04). The correlation coefficient between decline in CD4 and the initial CD4 count in the four time quartiles was (r = -0.51; p = 0.001, r = -0.79; p = 0.000, r = -0.48; p = 0.015 and r = -0.80; p = 0.000) respectively. The median decline in the CD4 count in 0-6 months was 3 cells/μL, in (6-11) months was approximately 26 cells/μL, in (11-21.5) months was 30 cells/μL and in more than 21.5 months the median decline was 52 cells/μL. CONCLUSIONS There was a progressive decline in the CD4 count following HIV infection. An understanding of the influence of decline in CD4 count in HIV patients not on ART is important for clinical management of HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patrikar
- Lecturer in Statistics and Demography, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 40, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'E', Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 40, India
| | | | - A Kotwal
- Director AFMS (Medical Research), O/o DGAFMS, New Delhi, India
| | - R M Gupta
- Senior Advisor (Microbiology), Command Hospital (Northern Command), C/o 99 APO, India
| | - R S Grewal
- Dy DGAFMS (Prov), O/o DGAFMS, New Delhi, India
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Shashi Kumar R, Das RC, Prabhu HRA, Bhat PS, Prakash J, Seema P, Basannar DR. Interaction of media, sexual activity and academic achievement in adolescents. Med J Armed Forces India 2012; 69:138-43. [PMID: 24600087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period when the individual is vulnerable and exposure to sexually implicit/explicit programs on television and internet can influence their sexual behaviour and make them more permissive towards premarital sex, which is known to influence their academic performance. This can be modified by parental discussion on these matters with their children. There have been only few studies from India that have explored such issues therefore this study aimed to explore the impact of television, internet and parental discussion on sexual activity and academic performance. METHODS This study was conducted in two co-education schools using a self reporting questionnaire administered to students of class IX-XII. This study evaluated the relation of academic performance, exposure to media such as television & internet to sexual activity & academic performance of the students and the role of parental discussion on these. RESULTS The study sample size was 586. There is no significant association between the number of hours of watching television per day and academic performance as measured by marks in examinations. Significant positive association was found among boys between sexual contact and average score in academics & unsupervised use of internet. In both genders a significant positive association was found between those watching English serials, movies and increased chances of indulging in sexual activity while a negative relation with those watching Cartoons. There is no significant difference in occurrence of sexual contact in those who discussed sexual matters with parents and those who did not. CONCLUSION This being first of it's kind of study from India and a cross sectional study, further prospective and detailed studies are warranted to delineate the interaction of media, parental discussion, academic performance and sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shashi Kumar
- Associate Professor, Dept of Psychiatry, AFMC, Pune-40, India
| | - R C Das
- Commandant, 167 MH, C/O 56 APO, India
| | - H R A Prabhu
- Senior Consultant (Psychiatry), CH (AF), Bengaluru, India
| | - P S Bhat
- Associate Professor & HOD, Dept of Psychiatry, AFMC, Pune 411040, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- Associate Professor, Dept of Psychiatry, AFMC, Pune-40, India
| | - P Seema
- Resident (Psychiatry), Institute of Mental Health, Agra, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist, 'E', Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune 411040, India
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Reddy D, Kushwaha AS, Kotwal A, Basannar DR, Mahen A. Study of blood pressure profile of school children 6-15 years in a rural setting of Maharashtra. Med J Armed Forces India 2012; 68:222-5. [PMID: 24532872 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure in childhood is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke in adulthood. There is enough evidence to suggest that the roots of essential hypertension in adults extend into childhood. There is a paucity of literature on the blood pressure measurements amongst children. This study was done to study blood pressure profile of school children in rural area of Maharashtra. AIM & OBJECTIVES This cross sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hypertension in children 6-15 years and to study the association between selected variables and blood pressure. MATERIAL & METHODS This study was done using a predesigned questionnaire and making measurements of height, BMI and Blood pressure using standardized physical instruments following standard guidelines. The data was collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension in the study was found to be 4.4% with 3.5% in females and 5.1% in males. CONCLUSION In the study, hypertension in students was found to be significantly associated with higher BMI and with family history of hypertension. Age, height and BMI were found to correlate positively with Blood pressure levels in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva Reddy
- Officer Commanding, Station Health Organization, Jhansi, India
| | - A S Kushwaha
- Associate Professor, Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune 40, India
| | - Atul Kotwal
- Professor, Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune 40, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'E', Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune 40, India
| | - Ajoy Mahen
- Professor & HOD, Dept of Community Medicine, AFMC, Pune 40, India
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Gupta PK, Kumar H, Basannar DR, Jaiprakash M. Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Armed Forces: Prevalence and Trends. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 62:348-50. [PMID: 27688539 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(06)80105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study presents data on the prevalence rate of infectious markers among voluntary and replacement donors in the blood transfusion service in Armed Forces from 2000 to 2004. METHODS 39,646 units of blood were collected from donors during the period from 2000 to 2004. All the samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1&2, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and by venereal disease research laboratory test (VDRL). RESULTS 24,527 (61.9%) were voluntary donations and 15,119 (38.1%) replacement donations. Prevalence of HBsAg had decreased, amongst voluntary donors from 1.67% to 0.77% but the positivity rate has not showed significant change. Seropositivity of HIV had decreased both in voluntary and replacement donors to 0.22% and 0.86% respectively. The seropositivity for anti-HCV showed steady decrease amongst voluntary donors from 0.46% to 0.20% in 2004, but in replacement donors, there was an increase in reactivity rate from 0.43% to 0.65%. CONCLUSION The increased seropositivity for HCV, HIV and HBsAg could be decreased by introduction of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) in minipools for HCV and HIV and introduction of anti-HBcAg (IgM) for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. But this may not be possible in near future in developing countries due to financial constraints. At present implementation of strict donor criteria and with use of sensitive laboratory screening tests it is possible to reduce the incidence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) in Indian scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Kumar
- Professor, (Dept. of Transfusion Medicine), AFMC, Pune
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'D', (Dept. of Community Medicine), AFMC, Pune
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Out of those who attempted self-harm and survived, many actually wanted to die and many did not. Presently, no distinctive nomenclature exists for these two groups, which causes difficulty in understanding as well as in management and research. AIM To study whether there exist two such groups which are distinct and can be differentiated clinically. METHODS Seventy-eight persons who attempted self-harm were evaluated in detail by a psychiatrist. The data were recorded in an especially designed proforma which documented sociodemographic variables, psychiatric and physical illnesses, psychosocial stress factors, substance abuse, past and family history and details of suicide attempt. RESULTS Two groups emerged with distinct characteristics. The two groups were different in factors such as age, diagnosis, intentionality, lethality, mode, motive to kill oneself, past/family history, relation to stress, personality traits and precaution to prevent detection before and/or after the act. The group which had persons who really wanted to die but survived is suggested to be named as the 'failed suicide' group and the other group which had persons who did not actually want to die is suggested to be named as the 'deliberate self-harm' group. CONCLUSION THOSE WHO CAUSE HARM TO THEMSELVES BUT SURVIVE CAN BE DISTINCTLY PUT INTO TWO GROUPS: (i) the 'failed suicide' group constituting those who actually wanted to kill themselves and (ii) the 'deliberate self-harm' group constituting those who did not actually want to die. The criteria for distinctions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sarkar
- Classified Specialist and Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry, Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra
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Agrawal VK, Basannar DR, Sing RP, Dutt M, Abraham D, Mustafa MS. Coronary risk factors in a rural community. Indian J Public Health 2006; 50:19-23. [PMID: 17193754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional health examination survey was carried out among a random sample of 406 people of 30 years and above from a rural community to investigate the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors. Prevalence of smoking and tobacco use was 16%, alcohol intake 9.4 %, daily Salt intake (> or = 5 gram) 34.2%, daily saturated fat intake ( > or =10 % of daily energy intake) 47.0 % and physical inactivity 18.5 %. BMI was > or =25 Kg /m(2) in 18 percent and it was > or =30 Kg / m(2) in 3.2 percent population. Truncal obesity (WHR: men> 0.9; women > 0.8) was found 18.5 percent more in case of males (20.7). Abdominal obesity(men > or =102; women > or = 88)was found 15.7 percent more in case of males (20.6).18.5 percent population was found suffering from systolic hypertension> or =140 mm Hg )and 15 percent from diastolic hypertension(> or =90 mm Hg). Awareness of CHD risk factors was present in 30.0 percent population. Differences in prevalence of riskfactor in male and female were found statistically significant in case of smoking, alcohol consumption and abdominal obesity. The present study shows that prevalence of CHD risk factors increases significantly in men and women having BMI equal or more than 25 Kg /m(2) so this cutoff, should be used to determine obesity in Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Agrawal
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune.
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Deswal BS, Bhatnagar D, Tilak R, Basannar DR. Malaria control using deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets/ insecticide treated bed nets: experience in armed forces. J Commun Dis 2005; 37:297-300. [PMID: 17278660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of deltamethrin-impregnated mosquito nets on malaria incidence, mosquito density, any adverse side effect among users. A field trial was carried out over a period of three years in two adjacent military stations at Allahabad (UP), keeping one as a trial and other as a control station. During first year, baseline data were collected and during next two years residual spray was replaced with use of deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets in trial station. The use of deltamethrin-impregnated mosquito nets/insecticide treated bed nets resulted in a significant decline in malaria incidence and Annual Parasite Index (API). The average mosquito density of Anopheline mosquitoes decreased by 67.8% and Culex by 49.7%. The insecticide was found safe for use amongst troops. Use of deltamethrin-impregnated mosquito nets has beneficial impact on integrated control of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Deswal
- Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune-411040, Maharashtra
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Deswal BS, Bhatnagar D, Tilak R, Basannar DR. Malaria control using deltamethrin impregnated bed nets in a cantonment area at Allahabad (U. P.). J Commun Dis 2004; 36:171-6. [PMID: 16509253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets on malaria incidence, mosquito density, any adverse side effect among users and collateral effects on bed bugs and houseflies. A field trial was carried out over a period of three years in two adjacent military stations at Allahabad (UP), keeping one as a trial and other as a control station. During first year, baseline data were collected and during next two years residual spray was replaced with use of deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets in trial station. The use of deltamethrin-treated bed nets resulted in a significant decline in malaria incidence and annual parasite index (API). The average mosquito density of anopheline mosquitoes decreased by 67.8% and culicine by 49.7%. The insecticide was found safe for use amongst troops and had favourable collateral effects against bed bugs and flies. Use of deltamethrin impregnated bed nets has beneficial impact on integrated control of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Deswal
- Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra
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Saiprasad GS, Banerjee A, Jadhav SL, Sahoo PK, Parashar S, Basannar DR. Behavioural Surveillance Survey Among Troops in a Large Military Station. Med J Armed Forces India 2003; 59:197-201. [PMID: 27407514 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(03)80005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross sectional survey was carried out among the troops located in a large cantonment using the UNAIDS standard survey questionnaire (UN Best Practice Collection) for Behavioural Surveillance Survey (BSS). A total of 556 randomly selected recruits and soldiers were administered the questionnaire. The median age at first sexual encounter was 25 years for service personnel and 18 years for recruits. 5.5% of the recruits and 1.7% of regular soldiers reported having regular sexual partners other than spouse. Among those who had casual sex 46.3% reported using condoms. 52.3% were aware about the two main preventive indicators. Some incorrect beliefs regarding transmission of HIV/AIDS were also present among some of the respondents. The findings have been discussed in relation to previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Saiprasad
- Professor & Head, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
| | - A Banerjee
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
| | - S L Jadhav
- DADH, Head Quarter 14 Division, C/o 56 APO
| | | | - Ssl Parashar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'D', Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
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Abstract
A cross sectional study of smoking habits among medical students was carried out to find out the prevalence of smoking and its association with certain factors such as parental smoking, peer pressure, use of alcohol and other drugs. Prevalence of smoking was 46%. There was significant association of smoking with parental smoking habit, peer pressure, use of alcohol and other drugs. Strategies to counter these social determinants have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Vikram Singh
- Medical Cadet, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
| | - Zile Singh
- Professor, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
| | - A Banerjee
- Associate Professor & Epidemiologist, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'D', Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune - 411 040
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