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Devi P, Mahendiran D, Murugan P. First principles study on thickness dependent structural and electronic properties unveiling the growth and stability of 2D layered II-VI semiconducting compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24296-24305. [PMID: 36173011 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
By employing first principles density functional theory calculations on thickness dependent structural and electronic properties of (0001) surface slabs of wurtzite MX compounds, our study demonstrated the possibility of the existence of 2D layered materials from II-VI group traditional semiconducting compounds that are widely used in various fields. Our calculations revealed that (0001) surface slabs of wurtzite ZnO and CdO compounds prefer to stabilize as sp2 hybridized - atomically thin graphitic layers as observed in earlier work, which are separated by van der Waals distances, when compared to the respective wurtzite slabs. On the other hand, for surface slabs of other ZnX and CdX (X = S, Se, Te) compounds, sp3 hybridized bilayers, which comprise an X-Zn(Cd)-Zn(Cd)-X structural arrangement, are energetically stable until certain thicknesses of the slabs. Both 2D layered MO and MX systems are electronically insulating in nature. When increasing the number of layers in these systems, the band gap decreases due to the widening of the energy bands. Our calculations further confirmed that all of these 2D systems possess structural, elastic, and lattice dynamical stabilities, depicting their compatibility in optoelectronics and photovoltaic applications, as confirmed by their effective mass and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Devi
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - D Mahendiran
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Murugan
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mahendiran D, Murugan P. The role of defects presenting in graphitic SiC sheets and their consequences in the exfoliation of layers - a first principles approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4262-4269. [PMID: 35107106 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04881c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in exploring new 2D nanostructures, due to their unique electronic and optical properties. An atomically thin SiC sheet, which has a honeycomb structure similar to BN, as well as being a direct band gap semiconductor, is one such candidate. Despite several theoretical reports predicting the structural and dynamical stability of 2D SiC nanostructures, few experimental reports have been reported so far. In the present work, we demonstrated by employing first principles density functional theory calculations that the role of self defects on the exfoliation of SiC layers can be understood by studying monolayer, bilayer and trilayer 2D SiC systems. From our work, it can be seen that the dangled C atom on the removal of a Si atom in the SiC layer prefers to interact with an adjacent layer, owing to the compensation of the charges, whereas, a dangled Si atom (in the carbon vacancy case) in the SiC layer compensates its additional charge within the layer by forming a Si-Si bond. We concluded that the exfoliation process of SiC is significantly affected by Si vacancies, rather than the presence of carbon vacancies. This work also provides an intuitive idea to synthesise 2D SiC nanostructures as it has interesting structural and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mahendiran
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division (ECPS), CSIR Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P Murugan
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division (ECPS), CSIR Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Jayakumar S, Mahendiran D, Arumai Selvan D, Kalilur Rahiman A. Bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane-based heteroscorpionate metal(II) complexes: Theoretical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity and c-Met tyrosine kinase studies. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jayakumar S, Mahendiran D, Rahiman AK. Theoretical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor studies of metal(II) complexes with bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane-based heteroscorpionate ligands. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1620217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jayakumar
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
- Department of Chemistry, Misrimal Navajee Munoth Jain Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - D. Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
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Rafi UM, Mahendiran D, Kumar RS, Rahiman AK. In vitro
anti‐proliferative and
in silico
docking studies of heteroleptic copper(II) complexes of pyridazine‐based ligands and ciprofloxacin. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Muhammed Rafi
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
| | - D. Mahendiran
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, Bosch InstituteUniversity of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - R. Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySwamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy Elayampalayam Tiruchengodu 637 205 India
| | - A. Kalilur Rahiman
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
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Arumai Selvan D, Mahendiran D, Senthil Kumar R, Kalilur Rahiman A. Garlic, green tea and turmeric extracts-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Phytochemical, antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 180:243-252. [PMID: 29476965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved using aqueous garlic, green tea and turmeric extracts, and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of rich amount of biochemicals in these extracts, which serve as reducing and capping agents for converting silver nitrate into AgNPs. FT IR spectroscopy confirmed the role of biomolecules in the bioreduction and efficient stabilization of AgNPs. UV-Vis DRS spectra showed a band around 450 nm characteristics of AgNPs. XRD patterns revealed the crystalline nature of the synthesized AgNPs with fcc structure. SEM and TEM analysis revealed the spherical shape of the synthesized AgNPs with an average particle size of 8 nm. EDX analysis confirmed the purity of the synthesized AgNPs with a strong signal at 3.2 keV. The antioxidant activity was assessed by ABTS, DPPH, p-NDA, H2O2 and DMSO scavenging assays, in which the AgNPs synthesized using green method showed remarkable activity with respect to the standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and rutin. In vitro cytotoxicity activity was tested on four cancer cell lines such as human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), epithelioma (Hep-2) and lung (A549) along with one normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cell line. The AgNPs synthesized using turmeric extract exhibits excellent antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity compared to that synthesized using other extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arumai Selvan
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - D Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - R Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengode 637 205, India
| | - A Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India.
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Jayakumar S, Mahendiran D, Rehana D, Kalilur Rahiman A. Heteroleptic metal(II) complexes of hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate and diimines: Synthesis, theoretical calculations, antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:120-130. [PMID: 28546116 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic metal(II) complexes of formulation [M(Tm)(diimine)](ClO4) (1-8), [Tm = hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate, diimine = 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline and M = Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II)] have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The geometric parameters of the complexes were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The analyses of HOMO and LUMO have been used to explain the charge transfer within the molecule. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized heteroleptic complexes were evaluated against two Gram (-ve) (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and two Gram (+ve) (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial, and three fungal (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei) strains with respect to the standard drugs erythromycin and amphotericin-B. The copper(II) complex 6 showed better scavenging activity against DPPH when compared to other complexes. The cytotoxic activity of copper(II) complexes 5 and 6 against MCF-7 cell line was assessed by MTT assay, which showed exponential responses toward increasing concentration of complexes. In the molecular docking studies, the complexes showed π-π, σ-π, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions with FGFR kinase receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayakumar
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India; Department of Chemistry, Misrimal Navajee Munoth Jain Engineering College, Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600 097, India
| | - D Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - Dilaveez Rehana
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India; Department of Chemistry, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai 600 018, India
| | - A Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India.
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Jayakumar S, Mahendiran D, Viswanathan V, Velmurugan D, Kalilur Rahiman A. Heteroscorpionate‐based heteroleptic copper(II) complexes: Antioxidant, molecular docking and
in vitro
cytotoxicity studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jayakumar
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
- Department of ChemistryMisrimal Navajee Munoth Jain Engineering College Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600 097 India
| | - D. Mahendiran
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
| | - V. Viswanathan
- CAS in Crystallography and BiophysicsUniversity of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
| | - D. Velmurugan
- CAS in Crystallography and BiophysicsUniversity of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai 600 025 India
| | - A. Kalilur Rahiman
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of ChemistryThe New College (Autonomous) Chennai 600 014 India
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Rehana D, Mahendiran D, Kumar RS, Rahiman AK. In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using different plant extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:943-957. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rehana D, Mahendiran D, Kumar RS, Rahiman AK. Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using medicinally important plant extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1067-1077. [PMID: 28292015 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized by green chemistry approach using different plant extracts obtained from the leaves of Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Murraya koenigii, Moringa oleifera and Tamarindus indica. In order to compare their efficiency, the same copper oxide nanoparticles was also synthesized by chemical method. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, proteins and amino acids. FT IR spectra confirmed the possible biomolecules responsible for the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. The surface plasmon resonance absorption band at 220-235nm in the UV-vis spectra also supports the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles. XRD patterns revealed the monoclinic phase of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. The average size, shape and the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles were determined by SEM, TEM and SAED analysis. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of elements in the synthesized nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three different free radical scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles was evaluated against four cancer cell lines such as human breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), epithelioma (Hep-2) and lung (A549), and one normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell line. The morphological changes were evaluated using Hoechst 33258 staining assay. Copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized by green method exhibited high antioxidant and cytotoxicity than that synthesized by chemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilaveez Rehana
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India; Department of Chemistry, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai 600 018, India
| | - D Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - R Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Tiruchengodu 637 205, India
| | - A Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India.
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11
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Haleel A, Mahendiran D, Veena V, Sakthivel N, Rahiman AK. Antioxidant, DNA interaction, VEGFR2 kinase, topoisomerase I and in vitro cytotoxic activities of heteroleptic copper(II) complexes of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and diimines. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 68:366-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mahendiran D, Vinitha G, Shobana S, Viswanathan V, Velmurugan D, Rahiman AK. Theoretical, photophysical and biological investigations of an organic charge transfer compound 2-aminobenzimidazolium-2-oxyisoindolate-1,3-dione-2-hydroxyisoindoline-1,3-dione. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesized charge transfer compound exhibits excellent non-linear optical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
| | - G. Vinitha
- Division of Physics
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Chennai-600 127
- India
| | - S. Shobana
- Department of Bioinformatics
- School of Bioengineering
- SRM University
- Kattankulathur 603 203
- India
| | - V. Viswanathan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 025
- India
| | - D. Velmurugan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 025
- India
| | - A. Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry
- The New College (Autonomous)
- Chennai-600 014
- India
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Jayakumar S, Mahendiran D, Srinivasan T, Mohanraj G, Kalilur Rahiman A. Theoretical investigation, biological evaluation and VEGFR2 kinase studies of metal(II) complexes derived from hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate. J Photochem Photobiol B 2015; 155:66-77. [PMID: 26735002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of soft tripodal scorpionate ligand, sodium hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate with M(ClO4)2·6H2O [MMn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II)] in methanol leads to the cleavage of B-N bond followed by the formation of complexes of the type [M(MeimzH)4](ClO4)2·H2O (1-4), where MeimzH=methimazole. All the complexes were fully characterized by spectro-analytical techniques. The molecular structure of the zinc(II) complex (4) was determined by X-ray crystallography, which supports the observed deboronation reaction in the scorpionate ligand with tetrahedral geometry around zinc(II) ion. The electronic spectra of complexes suggested tetrahedral geometry for manganese(II) and nickel(II) complexes, and square-planar geometry for copper(II) complex. Frontier molecular orbital analysis (HOMO-LUMO) was carried out by B3LYP/6-31G(d) to understand the charge transfer occurring in the molecules. All the complexes exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against Gram (-ve) and Gram (+ve) bacterial as well as fungal strains, which are quite comparable to standard drugs streptomycin and clotrimazole. The copper(II) complex (3) showed excellent free radical scavenging activity against DPPH in all concentration with IC50 value of 30μg/mL, when compared to the other complexes. In the molecular docking studies, all the complexes showed hydrophobic, π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions with BSA. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes against human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells was assessed by MTT assay, which showed exponential responses toward increasing concentration of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayakumar
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - D Mahendiran
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India
| | - T Srinivasan
- Department of Physics, Vel Tech University, Chennai 600 062, India
| | - G Mohanraj
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai 600 030, India
| | - A Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 014, India.
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