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Richeval C, Gish A, Cottereau V, Peyre A, Pleignet E, Cherki S, Allorge D, Gaulier JM, Devault DA. A current overview of the pharmacological composition of "La Chimique" consumed in Mayotte: Preliminary results of the CHASSE-MAREE protocol. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:558-569. [PMID: 37798946 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mayotte Island, a French department located in the Mozambique Channel, has for several years been faced with the consumption of "La Chimique" (LC), reputed (but extremely poorly documented) to be a mixture of tobacco and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs). One of the objectives of the CHASSE-MAREE protocol is to assess the composition and heterogeneity of LC products through successive LC sample collection campaigns among users. Currently underway, we present here the first analytical results (samples collected in 2022). Between September and December 2022, 80 samples were collected throughout the island over three periods: 70 in the usual form of LC (small folded papers containing a plant-like sample, mostly tobacco), 6 powders, and 4 cigarettes. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The detected substances (number of detections) included SCRAs (MDMB-4en-PINACA [35], ADB-FUBIATA [25], MDMB-INACA [16], ADB-BUTINACA [15], AFUBIATA [11], 4F-MDMD-BICA [7], CH-PIATA [14], 5C-APINACA [3], BZO-HEXOXIZID [2], and 4F-ABINACA [1]), nicotine (68), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD) (2), medications (amantadine [11], cyamemazine [6], and acetaminophen [3]), and a designer benzodiazepine (bromazolam [4]). The SCRAs currently in use are varied, and the market for "cooks" (those who prepare LC) is dispersed according to where and when samples are collected. These preliminary results will be supplemented by analysis of samples collected in the first half of 2023 and by an improved description of the current panorama of consumption of LC in Mayotte (mapping, effects felt and dependence, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Richeval
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, URL 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Lille, France
| | - Alexandr Gish
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, URL 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Lille, France
| | - Victoire Cottereau
- CUFR - Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, Mayotte, France
| | | | - Eric Pleignet
- POPAM - Plateforme Oppelia de Prévention et de soin des Addictions à Mayotte, Mayotte, France
| | - Sabrina Cherki
- OFDT - Office Français des Drogues et Toxicomanies, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Delphine Allorge
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, URL 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaulier
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, URL 4483 - IMPECS - IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, Lille, France
| | - Damien A Devault
- CUFR - Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, Mayotte, France
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Saaidi PL, Grünberger O, Samouëlian A, Le Roux Y, Richard A, Devault DA, Feidt C, Benoit P, Evrard O, Imfeld G, Mouvet C, Voltz M. Is a dissipation half-life of 5 years for chlordecone in soils of the French West Indies relevant? Environ Pollut 2023; 324:121283. [PMID: 36804884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Comte et al. (2022) re-examined the natural degradation of chlordecone (CLD) in the soils of the French West Indies (FWI) by introducing an additional 'dissipation parameter' into the WISORCH model developed by Cabidoche et al. (2009). Recent data sets of CLD concentrations in FWI soils obtained by Comte et al. enabled them optimizing the model parameters, resulting in significantly shorter estimates of pollution persistence than in the original model. Their conclusions jeopardize the paradigm of a very limited degradation of CLD in FWI soils, which may lead to an entire revision of the management of CLD contamination. However, we believe that their study is questionable on several important aspects. This includes potential biases in the data sets and in the modeling approach. It results in an inconsistency between the estimated dissipation half-life time (DT50) of five years that the authors determined for CLD and the fate of CLD in soil from the application period 1972-1993 until nowadays. Most importantly, a rapid dissipation of CLD in the field as proposed by Comte et al. is not sufficiently supported by data and estimates. Hence, the paradigm of long-term persistence of CLD in FWI soils is still to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000, Evry, France.
| | - Olivier Grünberger
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Interactions Sols-Agrosystèmes-Hydrosystèmes (LISAH), Université de Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Cedex 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Anatja Samouëlian
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Interactions Sols-Agrosystèmes-Hydrosystèmes (LISAH), Université de Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Cedex 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Le Roux
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine-ENSAIA, Chaire Agrométha, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Richard
- UR ASTRO Agrosystème Tropicaux, INRAE, F-97170, Petit-Bourg, France
| | - Damien A Devault
- Département des Sciences et Technologies, Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, RN3, BP53, 97660, Mayotte, Dembeni, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, ITES UMR7063, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Mouvet
- Retired from BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement, Ecotechnologies, Orléans, France
| | - Marc Voltz
- Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Interactions Sols-Agrosystèmes-Hydrosystèmes (LISAH), Université de Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Cedex 1, Montpellier, France
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Devault DA, Massat F, Lambourdière J, Maridakis C, Dupuy L, Péné-Annette A, Dolique F. Micropollutant content of Sargassum drifted ashore: arsenic and chlordecone threat assessment and management recommendations for the Caribbean. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:66315-66334. [PMID: 35501441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Massive Sargassum beachings occurred since 2011 on Caribbean shores. Sargassum inundation events currently involve two species, namely S. fluitans and S. natans circulating and blooming along the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and in the entire Caribbean region up to the Gulf of Mexico. Like other brown seaweeds, Sargassum have been shown to bioaccumulate a large number of heavy metals, alongside with some organic compounds including the contamination by historical chlordecone pollution in French West Indies (FWI), an insecticide used against the banana's weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. The present study reports, during two successive years, the concentration levels of heavy metals including arsenic in Martinique and Guadeloupe (FWI). We found that Sargassum can also accumulate a high concentration of chlordecone. Sargassum contamination by chlordecone is observed in areas close to contaminated river mouth but can be partly due to chlordecone desorption when secondary drifted on chlordecone-free shore. Our results further demonstrate that algae bleaching raises a number of questions about inorganic and organic pollutant (i) bioaccumulation, at sea for arsenic and close to river plumes for chlordecone, (ii) transport, and (iii) dissemination, depending the shoreline and the speciation for arsenic and/or metabolization for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Département des Sciences et Technologies, Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, RN3, BP53, 97660, Mayotte, Dembeni, France.
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Félix Massat
- La Drôme Laboratoire, 37 avenue de Lautagne, 118, Valence, BP, France
| | - Josie Lambourdière
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Clio Maridakis
- ADEME, Zone de Manhity Four à chaux Sud Immeuble Exodom LE, 97232, Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
| | - Laëtitia Dupuy
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Péné-Annette
- EA 929 AIHP-Geode Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, 97275, Schœlcher, Martinique, France
| | - Franck Dolique
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 43 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
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Modestin E, Devault DA, Baylet A, Massat F, Dolique F. Arsenic in Caribbean bivalves in the context of Sargassum beachings: A new risk for seafood consumers. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:553. [PMID: 35779140 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sargassum strandings in the coastal environment can introduce arsenic into food webs. In this context, we assessed the risk of exposure to arsenic for consumers of Caribbean bivalves. In 2019, specimens of Asaphis deflorata and Phacoides pectinatus were collected in an Atlantic coastal zone of Martinique (island) to monitor the presence of arsenic species by LC-ICP-MS. The total arsenic (tAs) concentrations were, on average, 34.4 ± 3.8 and 76.9 ± 22.3 µg.g-1 dry weight for P. pectinatus and A. deflorata, respectively. Seven compounds of arsenic were detected in bivalve soft bodies. In P. pectinatus, monomethylarsonic acid was present at a relatively significant concentration (≈ 29.6%). These results were coupled with survey data collected in 2013 and again in 2019, from the main consumers of bivalves. The tAs intake was up to 6 mg.day-1 for a 240 g (wet weight) meal of bivalves. In addition, we proposed toxicological reference doses also based on detected toxic forms of arsenic and tested their relevance. We concluded that monitoring of total arsenic would be sufficient to ensure the protection of bivalve consumers. Consumption patterns expose consumers to a potential health risk. However, due to a decrease in consumption frequency associated with the depletion of bivalve resources by decomposing Sargassum mats, arsenic exposure has decreased. In the French Caribbean, this is the first study on the risk of human arsenic contamination from the ingestion of bivalves. This study is a contribution to the monitoring of arsenic in the Caribbean coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien A Devault
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte, Département Des Sciences Et Technologies, 97660, Dembeni, France
| | | | - Félix Massat
- La Drôme Laboratoire, 26904, Valence Cedex, France
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Grau D, Grau N, Gascuel Q, Paroissin C, Stratonovitch C, Lairon D, Devault DA, Di Cristofaro J. Answer to "Comments on 'Quantifiable urine glyphosate levels detected in 99% of the French population, with higher values in men, in younger people, and in farmers'". Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:46377-46379. [PMID: 35596860 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grau
- Association Campagne Glyphosate, Foix, France
| | - Nicole Grau
- Association Campagne Glyphosate, Foix, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Stratonovitch
- ARSEAA, Pôle Guidance Infantile, Psychiatrie infanto-juvénile secteur III, Labège, France
| | - Denis Lairon
- Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Damien A Devault
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte, Dembeni, France
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Grau D, Grau N, Gascuel Q, Paroissin C, Stratonovitch C, Lairon D, Devault DA, Di Cristofaro J. Quantifiable urine glyphosate levels detected in 99% of the French population, with higher values in men, in younger people, and in farmers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:32882-32893. [PMID: 35018595 PMCID: PMC9072501 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
France is the first pesticide-consuming country in Europe. Glyphosate is the most used pesticide worldwide and glyphosate is detected in the general population of industrialized countries, with higher levels found in farmers and children. Little data was available concerning exposure in France. Our objective was to determine glyphosate levels in the French general population and to search for an association with seasons, biological features, lifestyle status, dietary habits, and occupational exposure. This study includes 6848 participants recruited between 2018 and 2020. Associated data include age, gender, location, employment status, and dietary information. Glyphosate was quantified by a single laboratory in first-void urine samples using ELISA. Our results support a general contamination of the French population, with glyphosate quantifiable in 99.8% of urine samples with a mean of 1.19 ng/ml + / - 0.84 after adjustment to body mass index (BMI). We confirm higher glyphosate levels in men and children. Our results support glyphosate contamination through food and water intake, as lower glyphosate levels are associated with dominant organic food intake and filtered water. Higher occupational exposure is confirmed in farmers and farmers working in wine-growing environment. Thus, our present results show a general contamination of the French population with glyphosate, and further contribute to the description of a widespread contamination in industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grau
- Association Campagne Glyphosate, Foix, France
| | - Nicole Grau
- Association Campagne Glyphosate, Foix, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Stratonovitch
- ARSEAA, Pôle Guidance Infantile, Psychiatrie Infanto-juvénile Secteur III, Labège, France
| | - Denis Lairon
- Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Damien A Devault
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte, Dembeni, Mayotte, France
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Devault DA, Massat F, Baylet A, Dolique F, Lopez PJ. Arsenic and chlordecone contamination and decontamination toxicokinetics in Sargassum sp. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:6-16. [PMID: 33415641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Massive Sargassum sp. beachings have been occurring on Caribbean shores since 2011. The sargassum involved in such events are S. fluitans and S. natans, two drifting species whose proliferation has been observed in the southern North Atlantic Ocean. Both for reasons of environmental and sanitary assessment and repurposing, Sargassum sp. that is ashore piled up on beaches and decaying must be studied. Studies are required because of the concerning content of pelagic arsenic reported in the literature. They are also needed owing to Sargassum sp. contamination subsequent to historical pollution in the French West Indies by chlordecone, an insecticide used against the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. The present study aims to describe the contamination and decontamination toxicokinetics of arsenic and chlordecone for Sargassum sp. stranding on shores and shallows in the Caribbean, in order to support the decision-making of the authorities involved. In situ and in mesocosm experiments performed in the present study show that Sargassum sp. contamination by chlordecone is mainly done after 2 h of exposition and reaches equilibrium after a day of exposure in polluted water, but BCF study suggests that the phenomenon is not actively supported (passive soption only). Arsenic transudation is intense in the case of immerged algae both. Half of the arsenic content is transudated after 13 h at sea and will transudate until vestigial arsenic concentration. Sargassum sp. contamination by arsenic, due to phytoaccumulation offshore, is broadly homogeneous before decay, and then leaks lead rapidly to a decrease in concentration in Sargassum sp. necromass, questioning the subsequent contamination of the coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Département des Sciences et Technologies, Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, RN3, BP53, 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France.
| | - Félix Massat
- La Drôme Laboratoire, 37 avenue de Lautagne, BP 118, Valence, France
| | - Alexandre Baylet
- La Drôme Laboratoire, 37 avenue de Lautagne, BP 118, Valence, France
| | - Franck Dolique
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Pascal-Jean Lopez
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Dromard CR, Devault DA, Bouchon-Navaro Y, Allénou JP, Budzinski H, Cordonnier S, Tapie N, Reynal L, Lemoine S, Thomé JP, Thouard E, Monti D, Bouchon C. Environmental fate of chlordecone in coastal habitats: recent studies conducted in Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:51-60. [PMID: 30827027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine pollution by chlordecone, an insecticide spread in the past in banana plantations, is now recognized as a major ecological, economic, and social crisis in Guadeloupe and Martinique Islands. Due to its physical and chemical properties, this molecule is particularly persistent in the natural environment. Volcanic soil of Guadeloupe and Martinique contain allophanes (amorphous clays), which favor chlordecone trapping due to their structure and physical properties. Thus, with this trapping ability, allophanes serve as a vector allowing chlordecone to contaminate runoff waters and, finally, the sea. In the present publication, several studies recently conducted in the Lesser Antilles have been compiled in order to evaluate the desorption of chlordecone from allophanes when arriving in the estuarine environment and to determine the transfer of chlordecone along marine trophic food webs. The experiments showed that 20% of the initial quantity of chlordecone was released from allophanes in estuarine conditions and 10% in the marine environment. These results could explain the high level of contamination found in the suspended organic matter and zooplankton in the coastal areas located downstream of the contaminated watersheds. The contamination of the marine food webs of mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs is dominated by a contamination "by bath" in littoral waters containing chlordecone and by bioamplification seawards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte R Dromard
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Damien A Devault
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC - OASU, Équipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, 97225, Schœlcher, Martinique, France
| | - Yolande Bouchon-Navaro
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Allénou
- IFREMER, Unité Biodiversité et Environnement de la Martinique, 79 route de Pointe Fort, 97231, Le Robert, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC - OASU, Équipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Cordonnier
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Nathalie Tapie
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC - OASU, Équipe LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Lionel Reynal
- IFREMER, Unité Biodiversité et Environnement de la Martinique, 79 route de Pointe Fort, 97231, Le Robert, France
| | - Soazig Lemoine
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie (LEAE-CART), Freshwater and Oceanic sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), B6C, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Thouard
- IFREMER, Unité Biodiversité et Environnement de la Martinique, 79 route de Pointe Fort, 97231, Le Robert, France
| | - Dominique Monti
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Claude Bouchon
- Unité Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Université des Antilles, MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, BP 592, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
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Devault DA, Guillemin JP, Millet M, Eymery F, Hulin M, Merlo M. Prosulfocarb at center stage! Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:61-67. [PMID: 31760619 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prosulfocarb is a thiocarbamate herbicide that is rapidly growing in use due to the progressive bioresistance of weeds to certain pesticides and the ban and/or limitation of others. However, the use of prosulfocarb is only recent, and the relevant literature is scarce. The environmental and food impact of prosulfocarb has already been observed, and its transfer mode from targeted crops to untargeted parcels has been investigated. This expertise highlights the volatilization effect to explain the pollution of lone parcels and hedge inefficiency against residue spreads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Département des Sciences et Technologies, Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, RN3, BP53, 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France.
| | | | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES UMR 7515 CNRS), Physico-Chemistry Group of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, Cedex 3, France
- LTSER France, Urban Environmental Workshop Zone, 3 Rue de l'Argonne, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Eymery
- ANSES - Direction de l'évaluation des risques, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marion Hulin
- ANSES - Direction de l'évaluation des risques, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mathilde Merlo
- ANSES - Direction de l'évaluation des risques, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Devault DA, Modestin E, Cottereau V, Vedie F, Stiger-Pouvreau V, Pierre R, Coynel A, Dolique F. The silent spring of Sargassum. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:15580-15583. [PMID: 33438121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Département des Sciences et Technologies, Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, RN3, BP53, 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France.
| | - Emma Modestin
- UMR BOREA, BP 7209, 97275, Schœlcher, Martinique, France
| | - Victoire Cottereau
- UMR 7301 MIGRINTER, Université de Poitiers, Bat. A5 - TSA 21103, 5 Rue Théodore Lefebvre, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Fabien Vedie
- DEAL Martinique, Route de la Pointe de Jaham, BP7212, 97274, Schœlcher, Martinique, France
| | - Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau
- UMR 6539 LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale Technopôle Brest-Iroise, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ronan Pierre
- CEVA, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, 22610, Pleubian, France
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Franck Dolique
- UMR BOREA, BP 7209, 97275, Schœlcher, Martinique, France
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Devault DA, Peyré A, Jaupitre O, Daveluy A, Karolak S. The effect of the Music Day event on community drug use. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 309:110226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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González‐Mariño I, Baz‐Lomba JA, Alygizakis NA, Andrés‐Costa MJ, Bade R, Barron LP, Been F, Berset J, Bijlsma L, Bodík I, Brenner A, Brock AL, Burgard DA, Castrignanò E, Christophoridis CE, Covaci A, de Voogt P, Devault DA, Dias MJ, Emke E, Fatta‐Kassinos D, Fedorova G, Fytianos K, Gerber C, Grabic R, Grüner S, Gunnar T, Hapeshi E, Heath E, Helm B, Hernández F, Kankaanpaa A, Karolak S, Kasprzyk‐Hordern B, Krizman‐Matasic I, Lai FY, Lechowicz W, Lopes A, López de Alda M, López‐García E, Löve ASC, Mastroianni N, McEneff GL, Montes R, Munro K, Nefau T, Oberacher H, O'Brien JW, Olafsdottir K, Picó Y, Plósz BG, Polesel F, Postigo C, Quintana JB, Ramin P, Reid MJ, Rice J, Rodil R, Senta I, Simões SM, Sremacki MM, Styszko K, Terzic S, Thomaidis NS, Thomas KV, Tscharke BJ, van Nuijs ALN, Yargeau V, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, Ort C, Terzic S, Thomaidis NS, Thomas KV, Tscharke BJ, Udrisard R, van Nuijs ALN, Yargeau V, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, Ort C. Spatio-temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring. Addiction 2020; 115:109-120. [PMID: 31642141 PMCID: PMC6973045 DOI: 10.1111/add.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wastewater-based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of benzoylecgonine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in raw wastewater over 7 years (2011-17); (ii) address overall drug use by estimating the average number of combined doses consumed per day in each city; and (iii) compare these with existing prevalence and seizure data. DESIGN Analysis of daily raw wastewater composite samples collected over 1 week per year from 2011 to 2017. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Catchment areas of 143 wastewater treatment plants in 120 cities in 37 countries. MEASUREMENTS Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol) were measured in wastewater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Daily mass loads (mg/day) were normalized to catchment population (mg/1000 people/day) and converted to the number of combined doses consumed per day. Spatial differences were assessed world-wide, and temporal trends were discerned at European level by comparing 2011-13 drug loads versus 2014-17 loads. FINDINGS Benzoylecgonine was the stimulant metabolite detected at higher loads in southern and western Europe, and amphetamine, MDMA and methamphetamine in East and North-Central Europe. In other continents, methamphetamine showed the highest levels in the United States and Australia and benzoylecgonine in South America. During the reporting period, benzoylecgonine loads increased in general across Europe, amphetamine and methamphetamine levels fluctuated and MDMA underwent an intermittent upsurge. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of wastewater to quantify drug loads provides near real-time drug use estimates that globally correspond to prevalence and seizure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria González‐Mariño
- Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain,Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and BromatologyUniversity of SalamancaSalamancaSpain
| | | | - Nikiforos A. Alygizakis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | - Richard Bade
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Leon P. Barron
- King's ForensicsSchool of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Frederic Been
- KWR Water Research InstituteNieuwegeinthe Netherlands
| | | | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | - Igor Bodík
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food TechnologySlovak University of TechnologyBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Asher Brenner
- Unit of Environmental EngineeringBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Andreas L. Brock
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Erika Castrignanò
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathBathUK,Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesToxicological CenterAntwerpBelgium
| | - Pim de Voogt
- IBEDUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Damien A. Devault
- Université Paris‐Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐SaclayChatenay‐MalabryFrance
| | - Mário J. Dias
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic SciencesLisbonPortugal
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Water Research InstituteNieuwegeinthe Netherlands
| | - Despo Fatta‐Kassinos
- NIREAS‐International Water Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersUniversity of South Bohemia in Ceske BudejoviceZatisiCzech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Fytianos
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Chemistry DepartmentAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Cobus Gerber
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersUniversity of South Bohemia in Ceske BudejoviceZatisiCzech Republic
| | - Stefan Grüner
- Chair of Urban Water ManagementTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Teemu Gunnar
- Forensic ToxicologyNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- NIREAS‐International Water Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental SciencesJožef Stefan InstituteLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Björn Helm
- Chair of Urban Water ManagementTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | - Aino Kankaanpaa
- Forensic ToxicologyNational Institute for Health and Welfare (THL)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Sara Karolak
- Université Paris‐Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐SaclayChatenay‐MalabryFrance
| | | | - Ivona Krizman‐Matasic
- Division for Marine and Environmental ResearchRudjer Boskovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UppsalaSweden
| | | | - Alvaro Lopes
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental ChemistryInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ester López‐García
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental ChemistryInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Arndís S. C. Löve
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Nicola Mastroianni
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental ChemistryInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Gillian L. McEneff
- King's ForensicsSchool of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rosa Montes
- Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Kelly Munro
- King's ForensicsSchool of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas Nefau
- Université Paris‐Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐SaclayChatenay‐MalabryFrance
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility MetabolomicsMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jake W. O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS)The University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQLDAustralia
| | - Kristin Olafsdottir
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research GroupUniversity of ValenciaMoncadaSpain
| | - Benedek G. Plósz
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark,Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Fabio Polesel
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental ChemistryInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Pedram Ramin
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark,Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Jack Rice
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Ivan Senta
- Division for Marine and Environmental ResearchRudjer Boskovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Susana M. Simões
- National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic SciencesLisbonPortugal
| | - Maja M. Sremacki
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational SafetyUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Katarzyna Styszko
- Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental SciencesAGH University of Science and TechnologyKrakowPoland
| | - Senka Terzic
- Division for Marine and Environmental ResearchRudjer Boskovic InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical ChemistryNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Kevin V. Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)OsloNorway,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS)The University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQLDAustralia
| | - Ben J. Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS)The University of QueenslandWoolloongabbaQLDAustralia
| | | | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontreal, QuebecCanada
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | - Christoph Ort
- Eawag, Urban Water ManagementSwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Senka Terzic
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway.,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Robin Udrisard
- Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Christoph Ort
- Eawag, Urban Water Management, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Devault DA, Karolak S, Lévi Y, Rousis NI, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S. Exposure of an urban population to pesticides assessed by wastewater-based epidemiology in a Caribbean island. Sci Total Environ 2018; 644:129-136. [PMID: 29981512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology is an innovative approach to estimate the consumption of chemicals and their exposure patterns in a population, on the basis of measurements of biomarkers in wastewater. This method can provide objective real-time information on xenobiotics directly or indirectly ingested by a population. This approach was used to examine the exposure of the Martinique population to the three classes of pesticides: triazines, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Martinique island (French West Indies) is a closed market and has been closely monitored since the early 2000's when contamination with chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide widely applied between 1972 and 1993 in banana plantations, became a critical political issue. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the patterns of human exposure and compare the results to those from other countries. Wastewater was collected as 24-h composite samples and analysed for selected urinary pesticide metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites were found in all the samples up to 330 ng/L, while triazines were found only at trace levels. Mass loads indicated higher exposure to pyrethroids than in some cities in Europe, but lower exposure to triazines and organophosphates. The estimated human intake for pyrethroids was close to the Acceptable Daily Intake, but importation of these pesticides to Martinique was low. This study illustrates the high human exposure with indoor pesticide use in comparison to its use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Sara Karolak
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Yves Lévi
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Environmental Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Food Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Environmental Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Food Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Environmental Biomarkers Unit, Laboratory of Food Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Devault DA, Maguet H, Merle S, Péné-Annette A, Lévi Y. Wastewater-based epidemiology in low Human Development Index states: bias in consumption monitoring of illicit drugs. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:27819-27838. [PMID: 30109683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology is a promising approach worldwide, and its application is currently being developed in non-advanced economies. This technology, based on known toxicokinetic data initially used to detect illicit drugs in well-managed and maintained local sewer networks, has been extended to assess other products such as pesticides, alcohol, flame retardants, nicotine, and other substances. This technology is also used in countries with non-advanced economies. The present review aims to support future wastewater-based epidemiology in such countries by providing toxicokinetic data for locally used narcotic drugs that are expected or known to be emerging in developed countries, outlining the excretion differences due to human polymorphism, and summarising the practical obstacles due to the coverage, maintenance efficiency, or type of local sewage network.Case study feedback from Martinique is presented as an example; the Martinique field study complies with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development standards for health issues, but not with regard to population and urban dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud, Univ. Paris Saclay, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, France, 5 rue J. B. Clement, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Hadrien Maguet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique, CS 90632 - 97261, Fort-de-France Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Merle
- Observatoire de la Santé de la Martinique, Immeuble Objectif 3000, Acajou sud, 97232, Le Lamentin, Martinique
| | - Anne Péné-Annette
- Laboratoire EA 929 AIHP-GEODE-BIOSPHERES Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, 97275, Schœlcher, France
| | - Yves Lévi
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ. Paris Sud, Univ. Paris Saclay, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, France, 5 rue J. B. Clement, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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Devault DA, Amalric L, Bristeau S. Chlordecone consumption estimated by sewage epidemiology approach for health policy assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:29633-29642. [PMID: 30144006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is an organochlorine insecticide that was intensively used in the French West Indies to control the black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus in bananas. Its usage, however, resulted in the widespread pollution of the environment with heavy sanitary and social consequences, leading to population exposure mainly through food. Time-consuming and costly programs have been used to tackle this problem, and this study proposes to use the emerging sewage epidemiology approach to evaluate the current situation and the effect of such programs. The results determine the maximal value of chlordecone consumption, and considering the detection limit of the analytical protocol, the wastewater was found to have undetectable amounts of chlordecone. This value confirms the efficiency of the population protection strategy provided by French sanitary and environmental authorities. It also bolsters the usage of sewage epidemiology in pesticide assessment and relativizes the chlordecone risk compared to other chemicals of lesser concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Laurence Amalric
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orléans, cedex 2, France
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Poggi-Varaldo HM, Devault DA, Macarie H, Sastre-Conde I. Environmental biotechnology and engineering: crucial tools for improving and caring for the environment and the quality of life of modern societies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25483-25487. [PMID: 29181719 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Poggi-Varaldo
- Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies R&D Group, Dept. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, C. P. 07360 Apartado Postal: 14-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Damien A Devault
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, UA-UMR ECOFOG, DSI, Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, Schœlcher, France
| | - Hervé Macarie
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Isabel Sastre-Conde
- SEMILLA-INAGEA, calle Babieca n°2, 07198, Son Ferriol (Palma), Islas Baleares, Spain
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Devault DA, Beilvert B, Winterton P. Ship breaking or scuttling? A review of environmental, economic and forensic issues for decision support. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25741-25774. [PMID: 27424206 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a globalized world, the world trade fleet plays a pivotal role in limiting transport costs. But, the management of obsolete ships is an acute problem, with most Ship Recycling Facilities (SRF) situated in developing countries. They are renowned for their controversial work and safety conditions and their environmental impact. Paradoxically, dismantlement is paid for by the shipowners in accordance with international conventions therefore it is more profitable for them to sell off ships destined for scrapping. Scuttling, the alternative to scrapping, is assessed in the present review to compare the cost/benefit ratios of the two approaches. Although scrapping provides employment and raw materials - but with environmental, health and safety costs - scuttling provides fisheries and diving tourism opportunities but needs appropriate management to avoid organic and metal pollution, introduction of invasive species and exacerbation of coastal erosion. It is also limited by appropriate bottom depth, ship type and number. The present review inventories the environmental, health, safety, economic, and forensic aspects of each alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Agroparistech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, UA - UMR ECOFOG,DSI, Campus Universitaire de Schoelcher, 97275, Schoelcher, Martinique, France.
| | - Briac Beilvert
- CDMO, Université de Nantes, Chemin la Censive du Tertre, BP 81307, 44313, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Peter Winterton
- Département Langues et Gestion, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cedex 09, France
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Devault DA, Péné-Annette A. Analysis of the environmental issues concerning the deployment of an OTEC power plant in Martinique. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25582-25601. [PMID: 28523612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a form of power generation, which exploits the temperature difference between warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater. Suitable conditions for OTEC occur in deep warm seas, especially the Caribbean, the Red Sea and parts of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The continuous power provided by this renewable power source makes a useful contribution to a renewable energy mix because of the intermittence of the other major renewable power sources, i.e. solar or wind power. Industrial-scale OTEC power plants have simply not been built. However, recent innovations and greater political awareness of power transition to renewable energy sources have strengthened the support for such power plants and, after preliminary studies in the Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), the Martinique Island (West Indies) has been selected for the development of the first full-size OTEC power plant in the world, to be a showcase for testing and demonstration. An OTEC plant, even if the energy produced is cheap, calls for high initial capital investment. However, this technology is of interest mainly in tropical areas where funding is limited. The cost of innovations to create an operational OTEC plant has to be amortized, and this technology remains expensive. This paper will discuss the heuristic, technical and socio-economic limits and consequences of deploying an OTEC plant in Martinique to highlight respectively the impact of the OTEC plant on the environment the impact of the environment on the OTEC plant. After defining OTEC, we will describe the different constraints relating to the setting up of the first operational-scale plant worldwide. This includes the investigations performed (reporting declassified data), the political context and the local acceptance of the project. We will then provide an overview of the processes involved in the OTEC plant and discuss the feasibility of future OTEC installations. We will also list the extensive marine investigations required prior to installation and the dangers of setting up OTEC plants in inappropriate locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Agroparistech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, UA-UMR ECOFOG, DSI, Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, 97275, Schœlcher, Martinique, France.
| | - Anne Péné-Annette
- Laboratoire EA 929 AIHP-Geode-Biospheres Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, 97275, Schœlcher, Martinique, France
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Devault DA, Néfau T, Levi Y, Karolak S. The removal of illicit drugs and morphine in two waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) under tropical conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25645-25655. [PMID: 26769475 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-6032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of drugs of abuse has been recently investigated in Martinique using the back-calculation approach, also called the "sewage epidemiology" method. Results demonstrated a very high consumption considering the international data. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are located just behind the Martinique island shoreline, and effluents could impact the vulnerable corals and marine seagrass ecosystem. The present article aims to determine a WWTP's efficiency by comparing the influent and effluent of two WWTPs, with different residence times and biological treatments, located either outdoors or indoors. In parallel, a degradation study is conducted using spiked wastewater exposed to tropical and ambient temperatures. Results demonstrate the consistent efficiency of the two processes, especially for the outdoor WWTP which uses the activated sludge process. The positive effect of the tropical temperature is showed by the increase of cocaine degradation at 31 °C. Thus, low illicit drug residue concentrations in effluent would indicate that wastewater treatment is efficient and even enhanced under tropical context. This fact should be confirmed with others molecules. Furthermore, our results highlight the need for subsequent studies of sludge contamination because of their local recycling as compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Néfau
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Yves Levi
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Sara Karolak
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris, France.
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Devault DA, Lévi Y, Karolak S. Applying sewage epidemiology approach to estimate illicit drug consumption in a tropical context: Bias related to sewage temperature and pH. Sci Total Environ 2017; 584-585:252-258. [PMID: 28193575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Illicit drug consumption can be estimated from drug target residue (DTR) in wastewater, with the reliability of results being partly linked to DTR stability in the sewage network. However, wastewater temperature and pH drive the stability of molecules and, in this context, tropical conditions must be studied to specify the impact of residence time in the sewage network on DTR degradation. Warmth enhances biotic and abiotic processes such as degradation, leading to a decrease in oxygen content, and consequently, early diagenesis conditions in wastewater. In this study, we conduct laboratory studies under acidic pH and high temperature (30°C) conditions to determine the degradation half-lives of cocaine (COC), tetrahydrocannabinol, and heroine targets, allowing COC/benzoylecgonine (BZE) ratio variations to be predicted in sewage networks. A rapid COC degradation is observed, as already reported in the literature but without a short-term significant difference between 20°C and 30°C. Acidic pH seems to prevent degradation. Thus, theoretically, the use of COC as DTR is only reliable in acidic conditions, with the decrease in COC concentration being 6% at 8h, but over 40% in other conditions. By contrast, the use of BZE as DTR to estimate COC consumption, which is performed in practice, can be undertaken with the same back-calculation equation as used in temperate countries. However, 11-nor-delta-9-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol stability is more influenced by high temperature: concentration levels after 24h are 20% lower at 30°C than at 20°C, corresponding to a 20% and 40% decrease, respectively. Based on a mean residence time of 8h, underestimated cannabis consumption is close to 15% in tropical contexts, which is double that of temperate areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Molécules en Milieu Agressif, UA UMR ECOFOG, DSI, Campus Universitaire de Schœlcher, 97275 Schœlcher, France; Public Health and Environnement Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Yves Lévi
- Public Health and Environnement Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Sara Karolak
- Public Health and Environnement Laboratory, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
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Devault DA, Macarie H, Lemoine S. Crop protection and environmental health: legacy management and new concepts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:1-2. [PMID: 26728290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, France.
| | - Hervé Macarie
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, UMR 7263 - IRD 237, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Soazig Lemoine
- UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, Université des Antilles, DYNECAR, Campus de Fouillole, BP 592, 97159, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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Devault DA, Laplanche C, Pascaline H, Bristeau S, Mouvet C, Macarie H. Natural transformation of chlordecone into 5b-hydrochlordecone in French West Indies soils: statistical evidence for investigating long-term persistence of organic pollutants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:81-97. [PMID: 26122571 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (CLD) was an organochlorine insecticide whose previous use resulted in an extensive pollution of the environment with severe health effects and social consequences. A closely related compound, 5b-hydrochlordecone (5b-hydroCLD), has been searched for and often detected in environmental matrices from the geographical area where CLD was applied. The current consensus considered that its presence was not the result of a biotic or abiotic dechlorination of CLD in these matrices but rather the consequence of its presence as impurity (synthesis by-product) in the CLD released into the environment. The aim of the present study was to determine if and to what extent degradation of CLD into 5b-hydroCLD occurred in the field. To test this hypothesis, the ratios of 5b-hydroCLD and CLD concentrations in a dataset of 810 soils collected between 2006 and 2012 in Martinique were compared to the ratios measured in 3 samples of the CLD dust commercial formulations applied in the banana fields of French West Indies (FWI) and 1 sample of the technical-grade CLD corresponding to the active ingredient used in such formulations. Soil data were processed with a hierarchical Bayesian model to account for random measurement errors and data censoring. Any pathway of CLD transformation into 5b-hydroCLD occurring over the long term in FWI soils would indeed change the ratio of 5b-hydroCLD/CLD compared to what it was in the initially applied formulations. Results showed a significant increase of the 5b-hydroCLD/CLD ratio in the soils-25 times greater in soil than in commercial formulations-which suggested that natural CLD transformation into 5b-hydroCLD over the long term occurred in these soils. Results from this study may impact future decisions for the remediation of the polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- EA 929 AIHP-GEODE, Groupe Biospheres, Université des Antilles, Campus de Schœlcher, Schœlcher Cedex, France.
- Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris Sud, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Laplanche
- INP, UPS, CNRS, ECOLAB (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Pascaline
- EA 929 AIHP-GEODE, Groupe Biospheres, Université des Antilles, Campus de Schœlcher, Schœlcher Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP6009, 45060, Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Mouvet
- Division Eau, Environnement et Ecotechnologies, BRGM, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, BP6009, 45060, Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Hervé Macarie
- IRD, UMR IMBE, Campus Agro-environnemental Caraïbe, BP 214, 97285, Lamentin, France
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, UMR 7263 - IRD 237, 13397, Marseille, France
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Devault DA, Combe M, Gourlay-Francé C. ISTA 14-in-situ accumulation of PAHs in low-density polyethylene membranes in sediment. Environ Toxicol 2010; 25:527-532. [PMID: 20549628 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of passive samplers for the assessment of organic contaminants has been extended to solid matrixes for the past decade. Passive sampling is usually applied to sediment in laboratory experiments involving significant upheaval, whereas in-situ experiments remain rare. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) strips were deployed within the sediments of a small river contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). LDPE strips were deployed in the 3-cm depth sediment layer. Over a period of 36 days, LDPE strips were regularly retrieved and accumulated PAHs in LDPE were extracted and analyzed. Accumulations of hydrophobic contaminants in LDPE directly exposed in the sediment were observed. Accumulations in LDPE were observed for moderately hydrophobic PAHs with the highest concentrations in the sediment. Low accumulations were observed for more hydrophobic compounds, despite their presence in high concentrations in the sediment. This was explained by very low exchange rates and competitive interactions with particles in the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Cemagref, Centre de Martinique, UR PRAM - Quartier Petit Morne - BP 214, Lamentin 97 285, France
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Devault DA, Gérino M, Laplanche C, Julien F, Winterton P, Merlina G, Delmas F, Lim P, Miguel Sánchez-Pérez J, Pinelli E. Herbicide accumulation and evolution in reservoir sediments. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:2659-2665. [PMID: 19187951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to understand the effect of reservoir configurations on sediment pesticide fate. Two dams were selected on the River Garonne, in southwest France: Carbonne and Golfech, both with reservoirs subject to accumulation of herbicide-contaminated sediment. They are situated upstream and downstream respectively of an agricultural and urban area: the Mid-Garonne. The results presented include pesticide concentrations and C/N ratios in the smaller sediment particles (<2 mm) and values of oxygenation and herbicide concentrations in the water. The dynamic behaviour of sediment in the reservoirs is discussed. The present study shows that the theoretical lifespan (weak remanence in vitro) and the results actually observed in the sediment are conflicting. Pesticide contamination in Carbonne indicates conservation, even accumulation, of herbicide molecules while in Golfech transformation processes clearly dominate. The hydromorphological position of Golfech reservoir, i.e. located at the junction of two rivers with contrasting hydrological regimes and very different oxygenation conditions, leads to accelerated pesticide desorption or degradation. Unfortunately, this configuration is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie fonctionnelle ECOLAB UMR 5245 CNRS-UPS-INPT, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.
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Devault DA, Delmotte S, Merlina G, Lim P, Gerino M, Pinelli E. Influence of in situ biological activity on the vertical profile of pre-emergence herbicides in sediment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:1206-15. [DOI: 10.1039/b820793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Devault DA, Merlina G, Lim P, Probst JL, Pinelli E. Multi-residues analysis of pre-emergence herbicides in fluvial sediments: application to the mid-Garonne River. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:1009-17. [PMID: 17726563 DOI: 10.1039/b708454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of man and ecosystems by pesticides has become a major environmental concern. Whereas many studies exist on contamination from agriculture, the effects of urban sources are usually omitted. Fluvial sediment is a complex matrix of pollutants but little is known of its recent herbicide content. This study proposes a method for a fast and reliable analysis of herbicides by employing the accelerated solvent extractor (ASE). The aim of the study is to show the impact of a major town (Toulouse) on the herbicide content in the river. In this study, three herbicide families (i.e.s-triazine, substituted ureas and anilides) were analysed in fluvial sediment fractions at 11 sampling sites along the mid-Garonne River and its tributaries. River water contamination by herbicides is minor, except for at three sites located in urban areas. Among the herbicidal families studied, urban and suburban areas are distinguished from rural areas and were found to be the most contaminated sites during the study period, a winter low-water event. The herbicide content of the coarse sediment fractions is about one third of that found in the fine fractions and usually ignored. The distribution of pesticide concentrations across the whole range of particle sizes was investigated to clarify the role of plant remains on the significant accumulation in the coarse fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A Devault
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique, Laboratoire Agronomie Environnement Ecotoxicologie, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, Auzeville tolosane, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan
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