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Davoudi Z, Atherly T, Borcherding DC, Jergens AE, Wannemuehler M, Barrett TA, Wang Q. Study Transportation of Drugs within Newly Established Murine Colon Organoid Systems. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300103. [PMID: 37607116 PMCID: PMC10840714 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of 3D organoids of the small intestine is a tremendous breakthrough in drug development and biological research. However, the development of colonic organoids (i.e., colonoids) is particularly challenging due to a lack of simple, cost-effective protocols for colonoid cultivation. Here, intestinal homogenates are described as a supplement to the culture medium for maintaining and replicating colonic stem cells. Colonoids generated by this cultivation protocol demonstrate substantial proliferation and differentiation (3 months). There is a similarity between cultured colonoids and primary colon tissue regarding structure and functionality. To evaluate the functionality of colonoids, permeability testing is performed with suspensions of 4 and 40 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-DEX). It is observed that neither can permeate the healthy epithelial barrier. The P-glycoprotein receptor, a vital drug efflux pump mitigating potential drug toxicity, is functionally manipulated, as evidenced by its inhibition function by verapamil and monitoring uptake of Rhodamin 123. In addition, Forskolin treatment which affects chloride transport results in organoid swelling; this confirms the functional expression of the CFTR transporter in the colonoids. This protocol to generate colonoids is promising for high-throughput drug screening, toxicity testing, and oral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Davoudi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University
| | - Todd Atherly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University
| | | | | | | | - Terrence A. Barrett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University
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Borcherding DC, Amin NV, He K, Zhang X, Lyu Y, Dehner C, Bhatia H, Gothra A, Daud L, Ruminski P, Pratilas CA, Pollard K, Sundby T, Widemann BC, Hirbe AC. MEK Inhibition Synergizes with TYK2 Inhibitors in NF1-Associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1592-1604. [PMID: 36799629 PMCID: PMC10102849 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are aggressive sarcomas with limited treatment options and poor survival rates. About half of MPNST cases are associated with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome. Overexpression of TYK2 occurs in the majority of MPNST, implicating TYK2 as a therapeutic target. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of pharmacologic TYK2 inhibition on MPNST cell proliferation and survival were examined using IncuCyte live cell assays in vitro, and downstream actions were analyzed using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), qPCR arrays, and validation of protein changes with the WES automated Western system. Inhibition of TYK2 alone and in combination with MEK inhibition was evaluated in vivo using both murine and human MPNST cell lines, as well as MPNST PDX. RESULTS Pharmacologic inhibition of TYK2 dose-dependently decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis over time. RNA-seq pathway analysis on TYK2 inhibitor-treated MPNST demonstrated decreased expression of cell cycle, mitotic, and glycolysis pathways. TYK2 inhibition resulted in upregulation of the MEK/ERK pathway gene expression, by both RNA-seq and qPCR array, as well as increased pERK1/2 levels by the WES Western system. The compensatory response was tested with dual treatment with TYK2 and MEK inhibitors, which synergistically decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in vitro. Finally, combination therapy was shown to inhibit growth of MPNST in multiple in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the preclinical rationale for the development of a phase I clinical trial of deucravacitinib and mirdametinib in NF1-assosciated MPNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Borcherding
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neha V. Amin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin He
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yang Lyu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carina Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Himanshi Bhatia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Angad Gothra
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Layla Daud
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter Ruminski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christine A. Pratilas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai Pollard
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela C. Hirbe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Dehner CA, Schroeder MC, Lyu Y, Bell R, Borcherding DC, Moon T, Hirbe A, Chrisinger JSA. Molecular Characterization of Multifocal Granular Cell Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:326-332. [PMID: 36534754 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Granular cell tumors (GrCT) were recently found to be driven by inactivating mutations in vacuolar H + -ATPase (V-ATPase) genes, most frequently ATP6AP1 and ATP6AP2 . Multifocal presentation is present in ~10% of cases; however, the relationship between multifocal tumors in a given patient has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that benign-appearing multifocal GrCT are molecularly distinct whereas paired primary and metastatic malignant GrCT share identical mutations. To test this, we conducted targeted next-generation sequencing of the V-ATPase genes in multifocal GrCT and whole exome and Sanger sequencing in paired primary and metastatic malignant GrCT. Thirteen patients with≥2 GrCT were identified (total of 43 tumors). Forty-two tumors were successfully sequenced. Tumors showed somatic mutations in 3 of the 10 targeted genes in 32 of 42 samples (76%). Twenty tumors showed mutations in ATP6AP1 (48%), 10 tumors had mutations in ATP6AP2 (24%), and 2 tumors showed mutations in ATP6V0A4 (5%). Predicted loss-of-function mutations were found in ATP6AP1 in 17 tumors (40%), in ATP6AP2 in 10 tumors (24%), and in ATP6V0A4 in 1 tumor (2%). In 8 patients, mutually exclusive mutations were detected in at least 2 tumors per patient. Two patients were identified with malignant GrCT with material available from both primary and metastatic sites. Identical frameshift insertions were found in ATP6AP1 in 1 case and the second case showed identical nonsense mutations in ATP6AP1 . In conclusion, multifocal GrCT within an individual patient are molecularly distinct, while paired primary and metastatic GrCT share identical mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Lyu
- Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Dana C Borcherding
- Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tyler Moon
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland, OH
| | - Angela Hirbe
- Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Cortes-Ciriano I, Steele CD, Piculell K, Al-Ibraheemi A, Eulo V, Bui MM, Chatzipli A, Dickson BC, Borcherding DC, Feber A, Galor A, Hart J, Jones KB, Jordan JT, Kim RH, Lindsay D, Miller C, Nishida Y, Proszek PZ, Serrano J, Sundby RT, Szymanski JJ, Ullrich NJ, Viskochil D, Wang X, Snuderl M, Park PJ, Flanagan AM, Hirbe AC, Pillay N, Miller DT. Genomic Patterns of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) Evolution Correlate with Clinical Outcome and Are Detectable in Cell-Free DNA. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:654-671. [PMID: 36598417 PMCID: PMC9983734 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), an aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma, occurs in people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and sporadically. Whole-genome and multiregional exome sequencing, transcriptomic, and methylation profiling of 95 tumor samples revealed the order of genomic events in tumor evolution. Following biallelic inactivation of NF1, loss of CDKN2A or TP53 with or without inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) leads to extensive somatic copy-number aberrations (SCNA). Distinct pathways of tumor evolution are associated with inactivation of PRC2 genes and H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) status. Tumors with H3K27me3 loss evolve through extensive chromosomal losses followed by whole-genome doubling and chromosome 8 amplification, and show lower levels of immune cell infiltration. Retention of H3K27me3 leads to extensive genomic instability, but an immune cell-rich phenotype. Specific SCNAs detected in both tumor samples and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) act as a surrogate for H3K27me3 loss and immune infiltration, and predict prognosis. SIGNIFICANCE MPNST is the most common cause of death and morbidity for individuals with NF1, a relatively common tumor predisposition syndrome. Our results suggest that somatic copy-number and methylation profiling of tumor or cfDNA could serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis and to stratify patients into prognostic and treatment-related subgroups. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Cortes-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Steele
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Piculell
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa Eulo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marilyn M. Bui
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aikaterini Chatzipli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brendan C. Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana C. Borcherding
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew Feber
- Clinical Genomics Translational Research, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alon Galor
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse Hart
- Department of Pathology, Lifespan Laboratories, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kevin B. Jones
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Justin T. Jordan
- Pappas Center for Neuro-oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond H. Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Lindsay
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Miller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshihiro Nishida
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Paula Z. Proszek
- Clinical Genomics Translational Research, Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Serrano
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - R. Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey J. Szymanski
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole J. Ullrich
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Viskochil
- Division of Medical Genetics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xia Wang
- GeneHome, Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Peter J. Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adrienne M. Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Angela C. Hirbe
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, Bloomsbury, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - David T. Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ben-Jonathan N, Borcherding DC, Hugo ER. Dopamine Receptors in Breast Cancer: Prevalence, Signaling, and Therapeutic Applications. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 27:51-71. [PMID: 36734872 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022043641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women, with over one million cases occurring annually worldwide. Although therapies against estrogen receptors and HER2 have improved response rate and survival, patients with advanced disease, who are resistant to anti-hormonal therapy and/or to chemotherapy, have limited treatment options for reducing morbidity and mortality. These limitations provide major incentives for developing new, effective, and personalized therapeutic interventions. This review presents evidence on the involvement of dopamine (DA) and its type 1 receptors (D1R) in BC. DA is produced in multiple peripheral organs and is present in the systemic circulation in significant amounts. D1R is overexpressed in ~ 30% of BC cases and is associated with advanced disease and shortened patient survival. Activation of D1R, which signals via the cGMP/PKG pathway, results in apoptosis, inhibition of cell invasion, and increased chemosensitivity in multiple BC cell lines. Fenoldopam, a peripheral D1R agonist that does not penetrate the brain, dramatically suppressed tumor growth in mouse models with D1R-expressing BC xenografts. It is proposed that D1R should serve as a novel diagnostic/prognostic factor through the use of currently available D1R detection methods. Fenoldopam, which is FDA-approved to treat renal hypertension, could be repurposed as an effective therapeutic agent for patients with D1R-expressing tumors. Several drugs that interfere with the cGMP/PKG pathway and are approved for treating other diseases should also be considered as potential treatments for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Ben-Jonathan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana C Borcherding
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric R Hugo
- Medpace Reference Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Allenspach K, Borcherding DC, Iennarella-Servantez CA, Mosichuk AP, Atherly T, Sahoo DK, Kathrani A, Suchodolski JS, Bourgois-Mochel A, Serao MR, Serao NV, Willette A, Perez BA, Gabriel V, Mao S, Kilburn L, Dang V, Borts D, Almada LL, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Phillips GJ, Jergens AE, Mochel JP. Ketogenic diets in healthy dogs induce gut and serum metabolome changes suggestive of anti-tumourigenic effects: A model for human ketotherapy trials. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1047. [PMID: 36149786 PMCID: PMC9506423 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dana C Borcherding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chelsea A Iennarella-Servantez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Allison P Mosichuk
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Todd Atherly
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Nick V Serao
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Auriel Willette
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Beatriz Agulla Perez
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Vojtech Gabriel
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Sichao Mao
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Logan Kilburn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Viet Dang
- Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - David Borts
- Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Luciana L Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory J Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Departments, of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa, USA
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7
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Sahoo DK, Borcherding DC, Chandra L, Jergens AE, Atherly T, Bourgois-Mochel A, Ellinwood NM, Snella E, Severin AJ, Martin M, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Differential Transcriptomic Profiles Following Stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide in Intestinal Organoids from Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Intestinal Mast Cell Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143525. [PMID: 35884586 PMCID: PMC9322748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from intestinal bacteria is linked to long-lasting inflammation that contributes to the development of intestinal cancer. While much research has been performed on the interplay between LPS and intestinal immune cells, little is known about how LPS influences intestinal epithelial cell structure and function. In this study, we investigated the effects of LPS on the proliferation and function of genes in intestinal organoids derived from dogs with gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal mast cell tumor. The goal of this study was to evaluate how LPS affects signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells to influence development of a pro-tumor-like environment. Using an ex vivo model system, LPS incubation of organoids activated cancer-causing genes and accelerated the formation of IBD organoids derived from the small and large intestines. In brief, the crosstalk that occurs between the LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway and several different metabolic pathways, including primary bile acid biosynthesis and secretion, peroxisome, renin-angiotensin system, glutathione metabolism, and arachidonic acid pathways, may play a prominent role in the development of chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal cancer. Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and promotes intestinal cancer progression in the gut. While the interplay between LPS and intestinal immune cells has been well-characterized, little is known about LPS and the intestinal epithelium interactions. In this study, we explored the differential effects of LPS on proliferation and the transcriptome in 3D enteroids/colonoids obtained from dogs with naturally occurring gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal mast cell tumor. The study objective was to analyze the LPS-induced modulation of signaling pathways involving the intestinal epithelia and contributing to colorectal cancer development in the context of an inflammatory (IBD) or a tumor microenvironment. While LPS incubation resulted in a pro-cancer gene expression pattern and stimulated proliferation of IBD enteroids and colonoids, downregulation of several cancer-associated genes such as Gpatch4, SLC7A1, ATP13A2, and TEX45 was also observed in tumor enteroids. Genes participating in porphyrin metabolism (CP), nucleocytoplasmic transport (EEF1A1), arachidonic acid, and glutathione metabolism (GPX1) exhibited a similar pattern of altered expression between IBD enteroids and IBD colonoids following LPS stimulation. In contrast, genes involved in anion transport, transcription and translation, apoptotic processes, and regulation of adaptive immune responses showed the opposite expression patterns between IBD enteroids and colonoids following LPS treatment. In brief, the crosstalk between LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway and several metabolic pathways such as primary bile acid biosynthesis and secretion, peroxisome, renin–angiotensin system, glutathione metabolism, and arachidonic acid pathways may be important in driving chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Dana C. Borcherding
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Lawrance Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Todd Atherly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - N. Matthew Ellinwood
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.M.E.); (E.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.M.E.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrew J. Severin
- Office of Biotechnology’s Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | | | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (J.P.M.)
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8
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Ambrosini YM, Park Y, Jergens AE, Shin W, Min S, Atherly T, Borcherding DC, Jang J, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Kim HJ. Recapitulation of the accessible interface of biopsy-derived canine intestinal organoids to study epithelial-luminal interactions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231423. [PMID: 32302323 PMCID: PMC7164685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in canine intestinal organoids have expanded the option for building a better in vitro model to investigate translational science of intestinal physiology and pathology between humans and animals. However, the three-dimensional geometry and the enclosed lumen of canine intestinal organoids considerably hinder the access to the apical side of epithelium for investigating the nutrient and drug absorption, host-microbiome crosstalk, and pharmaceutical toxicity testing. Thus, the creation of a polarized epithelial interface accessible from apical or basolateral side is critical. Here, we demonstrated the generation of an intestinal epithelial monolayer using canine biopsy-derived colonic organoids (colonoids). We optimized the culture condition to form an intact monolayer of the canine colonic epithelium on a nanoporous membrane insert using the canine colonoids over 14 days. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed a physiological brush border interface covered by the microvilli with glycocalyx, as well as the presence of mucin granules, tight junctions, and desmosomes. The population of stem cells as well as differentiated lineage-dependent epithelial cells were verified by immunofluorescence staining and RNA in situ hybridization. The polarized expression of P-glycoprotein efflux pump was confirmed at the apical membrane. Also, the epithelial monolayer formed tight- and adherence-junctional barrier within 4 days, where the transepithelial electrical resistance and apparent permeability were inversely correlated. Hence, we verified the stable creation, maintenance, differentiation, and physiological function of a canine intestinal epithelial barrier, which can be useful for pharmaceutical and biomedical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko M. Ambrosini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Yejin Park
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Woojung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Soyoun Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Todd Atherly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Dana C. Borcherding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HJK); (JPM)
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HJK); (JPM)
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9
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Borcherding DC, Siefert ME, Lin S, Brewington J, Sadek H, Clancy JP, Plafker SM, Ziady AG. Clinically-approved CFTR modulators rescue Nrf2 dysfunction in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3448-3463. [PMID: 31145101 DOI: 10.1172/jci96273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ progressive genetic disease caused by loss of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel. Previously, we identified a significant dysfunction in CF cells and model mice of the transcription factor nuclear-factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of redox balance and inflammatory signaling. Here we report that approved F508del CFTR correctors VX809/VX661 recover diminished Nrf2 function and colocalization with CFTR in CF human primary bronchial epithelia by proximity ligation assay, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence, concordant with CFTR correction. F508del CFTR correctors induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2-dependent luciferase activity, and transcriptional activation of target genes. Rescue of Nrf2 function by VX809/VX661 was dependent on significant correction of F508del and was blocked by inhibition of corrected channel function, or high-level shRNA knockdown of CFTR or F508del-CFTR. Mechanistically, F508del-CFTR modulation restored Nrf2 phosphorylation and its interaction with the coactivator CBP. Our findings demonstrate that sufficient modulation of F508del CFTR function corrects Nrf2 dysfunction in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Borcherding
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew E Siefert
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Songbai Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Brewington
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hesham Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John P Clancy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Assem G Ziady
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Chandra L, Borcherding DC, Kingsbury D, Atherly T, Ambrosini YM, Bourgois-Mochel A, Yuan W, Kimber M, Qi Y, Wang Q, Wannemuehler M, Ellinwood NM, Snella E, Martin M, Skala M, Meyerholz D, Estes M, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Jergens AE, Mochel JP, Allenspach K. Derivation of adult canine intestinal organoids for translational research in gastroenterology. BMC Biol 2019; 17:33. [PMID: 30975131 PMCID: PMC6460554 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large animal models, such as the dog, are increasingly being used for studying diseases including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Dogs share similar environmental, genomic, anatomical, and intestinal physiologic features with humans. To bridge the gap between commonly used animal models, such as rodents, and humans, and expand the translational potential of the dog model, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) canine GI organoid (enteroid and colonoid) system. Organoids have recently gained interest in translational research as this model system better recapitulates the physiological and molecular features of the tissue environment in comparison with two-dimensional cultures. Results Organoids were derived from tissue of more than 40 healthy dogs and dogs with GI conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal carcinomas. Adult intestinal stem cells (ISC) were isolated from whole jejunal tissue as well as endoscopically obtained duodenal, ileal, and colonic biopsy samples using an optimized culture protocol. Intestinal organoids were comprehensively characterized using histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy, to determine the extent to which they recapitulated the in vivo tissue characteristics. Physiological relevance of the enteroid system was defined using functional assays such as optical metabolic imaging (OMI), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function assay, and Exosome-Like Vesicles (EV) uptake assay, as a basis for wider applications of this technology in basic, preclinical and translational GI research. We have furthermore created a collection of cryopreserved organoids to facilitate future research. Conclusions We establish the canine GI organoid systems as a model to study naturally occurring intestinal diseases in dogs and humans, and that can be used for toxicology studies, for analysis of host-pathogen interactions, and for other translational applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0652-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance Chandra
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Dawn Kingsbury
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Todd Atherly
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Wang Yuan
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael Kimber
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yijun Qi
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael Wannemuehler
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Skala
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Meyerholz
- Division of Comparative Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mary Estes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Karin Allenspach
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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11
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Ben-Jonathan N, Borcherding DC, Fox S, Hugo ER. Activation of the cGMP/protein kinase G system in breast cancer by the dopamine receptor-1. CDR 2019; 2:933-947. [PMID: 35582277 PMCID: PMC9019214 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the detection and treatment of breast cancer, many shortcomings remain, providing incentives to search for new therapeutic targets. This review provides information on the expression and actions of dopamine receptor-1 (D1R) in breast cancer. D1R is overexpressed in a significant number of primary breast tumors, characterized by having an aggressive phenotype and predicting a shorter survival time for patients. Activation of D1R in breast cancer cells by selective agonists caused suppression of cell viability, stimulation of apoptosis, inhibition of cell invasion, and an increase in chemosensitivity. Instead of being linked to the cAMP/PKA system as expected, D1R in breast cancer is linked to the activation of the cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway. Fenoldopam, a peripheral D1R agonist that does not penetrate the brain, dramatically suppressed the growth of breast cancer xenografts in immune-deficient mice. A new imaging system for detecting D1R-expressing tumors and metastases was also developed. The review offers a novel concept that D1R can serve as a biomarker for prognosis in advanced breast cancer and its agonists can be used as effective and personalized therapeutics in a subpopulation of patients with D1R-expressing breast tumors. Several drugs, some of which are FDA-approved, that bypass the D1R and directly activate the cGMP/PKG apoptotic system, are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Ben-Jonathan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence Address: Prof. Nira Ben-Jonathan, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. E-mail:
| | - Dana C. Borcherding
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sejal Fox
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Eric R. Hugo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Borcherding DC, Tong W, Hugo ER, Barnard DF, Fox S, LaSance K, Shaughnessy E, Ben-Jonathan N. Expression and therapeutic targeting of dopamine receptor-1 (D1R) in breast cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3103-13. [PMID: 26477316 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced breast cancer often fail to respond to treatment, creating a need to develop novel biomarkers and effective therapeutics. Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine that binds to five G protein-coupled receptors. We discovered expression of DA type-1 receptors (D1Rs) in breast cancer, thereby identifying these receptors as novel therapeutic targets in this disease. Strong to moderate immunoreactive D1R expression was found in 30% of 751 primary breast carcinomas, and was associated with larger tumors, higher tumor grades, node metastasis and shorter patient survival. DA and D1R agonists, signaling through the cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, suppressed cell viability, inhibited invasion and induced apoptosis in multiple breast cancer cell lines. Fenoldopam, a peripheral D1R agonist that does not penetrate the brain, dramatically suppressed tumor growth in two mouse models with D1R-expressing xenografts by increasing both necrosis and apoptosis. D1R-expressing primary tumors and metastases in mice were detected by fluorescence imaging. In conclusion, D1R overexpression is associated with advanced breast cancer and poor prognosis. Activation of the D1R/cGMP/PKG pathway induces apoptosis in vitro and causes tumor shrinkage in vivo. Fenoldopam, which is FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved to treat renal hypertension, could be repurposed as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with D1R-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Borcherding
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - W Tong
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E R Hugo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D F Barnard
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Fox
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K LaSance
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E Shaughnessy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N Ben-Jonathan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Borcherding DC, Hugo ER, Idelman G, De Silva A, Richtand NW, Loftus J, Ben-Jonathan N. Dopamine receptors in human adipocytes: expression and functions. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25537. [PMID: 21966540 PMCID: PMC3180449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dopamine (DA) binds to five receptors (DAR), classified by their ability to increase (D1R-like) or decrease (D2R-like) cAMP. In humans, most DA circulates as dopamine sulfate (DA-S), which can be de-conjugated to bioactive DA by arylsulfatase A (ARSA). The objective was to examine expression of DAR and ARSA in human adipose tissue and determine whether DA regulates prolactin (PRL) and adipokine expression and release. Methods DAR were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting in explants, primary adipocytes and two human adipocyte cell lines, LS14 and SW872. ARSA expression and activity were determined by qPCR and enzymatic assay. PRL expression and release were determined by luciferase reporter and Nb2 bioassay. Analysis of cAMP, cGMP, leptin, adiponectin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was done by ELISA. Activation of MAPK and PI3 kinase/Akt was determined by Western blotting. Results DAR are variably expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in adipose tissue and adipocytes during adipogenesis. ARSA activity in adipocyte increases after differentiation. DA at nM concentrations suppresses cAMP, stimulates cGMP, and activates MAPK in adipocytes. Acting via D2R-like receptors, DA and DA-S inhibit PRL gene expression and release. Acting via D1R/D5R receptors, DA suppresses leptin and stimulates adiponectin and IL-6 release. Conclusions This is the first report that human adipocytes express functional DAR and ARSA, suggesting a regulatory role for peripheral DA in adipose functions. We speculate that the propensity of some DAR-activating antipsychotics to increase weight and alter metabolic homeostasis is due, in part, to their direct action on adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Borcherding
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Hugo
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gila Idelman
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Anuradha De Silva
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nathan W. Richtand
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jean Loftus
- The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nira Ben-Jonathan
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Jacobson EM, Hugo ER, Borcherding DC, Ben-Jonathan N. Prolactin in breast and prostate cancer: molecular and genetic perspectives. Discov Med 2011; 11:315-324. [PMID: 21524385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancers affect millions of men and women, respectively. Advanced forms of the disease, which can no longer be controlled by hormonal disruption or chemotherapy, have very limited treatment options. Consequently, there is a major benefit to identify new targets for therapy in both types of cancer. The prolactin (PRL) signaling cascade, by virtue of its importance to the pathology of both diseases, has emerged as a potential treatment target. To date, several methods for antagonizing the PRL receptor (PRLR) and its signaling pathways have been developed which include protein-based and small molecule antagonists. However, a better understanding of the genetic and molecular characteristics of the PRL cascade is needed for the successful therapeutic application of antagonists. At the level of genetics, it is necessary to determine the functional significance of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the PRLR and their association with disease prevalence and severity. At the molecular level, a comprehensive knowledge of interactions of the PRL signaling pathway with other oncogenic molecules is warranted so as to identify beneficial combinatorial strategies. This review discusses multiple features of the PRL signaling cascade and how they can be exploited in the search for effective therapies for patients with breast and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Jacobson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactin (PRL) is a multifunctional hormone produced in humans by both pituitary and extrapituitary sites, including adipose tissue. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to: 1) compare PRL secretion by sc and visceral adipose explants and mature adipocytes from obese and nonobese patients; and 2) examine the effects of insulin and selected cytokines on PRL gene expression and release from primary adipocytes and LS14 adipocytes. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Adipose tissue was obtained from morbidly obese [body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m(2)] and nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)) patients. Explants and isolated mature adipocytes were incubated for 10 d. Primary adipocytes or LS14 cells were used before or after differentiation and incubated with the test compounds for 24 h. PRL release was analyzed by a bioassay, and PRL expression was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS PRL release from explants and mature adipocytes increased in a time-dependent manner indicating removal from inhibition. Visceral explants from obese patients showed higher PRL release than that from sc explants; both types of explants from nonobese patients released similar amounts of PRL. Analysis of data from 50 patients revealed an inverse relationship between PRL release from sc depots and BMI. Insulin suppressed PRL expression and release from differentiated adipocytes but moderately stimulated PRL release from nondifferentiated cells. The cAMP elevating compound forskolin increased PRL release in both cell types. CONCLUSIONS PRL should be recognized as an important adipokine whose release is regulated by insulin and is affected by obesity in a depot-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Hugo
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0521, USA
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