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Cheng X, Barakat R, Pavani G, Usha MK, Calderon R, Snella E, Gorden A, Zhang Y, Gadue P, French DL, Dorman KS, Fidanza A, Campbell CA, Espin-Palazon R. Nod1-dependent NF-kB activation initiates hematopoietic stem cell specification in response to small Rho GTPases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7668. [PMID: 37996457 PMCID: PMC10667254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms regulating hematopoietic specification not only would overcome current limitations related to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation, but also advance cellular immunotherapies. However, generating functional human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived HSPCs and their derivatives has been elusive, necessitating a better understanding of the developmental mechanisms that trigger HSPC specification. Here, we reveal that early activation of the Nod1-Ripk2-NF-kB inflammatory pathway in endothelial cells (ECs) primes them to switch fate towards definitive hemogenic endothelium, a pre-requisite to specify HSPCs. Our genetic and chemical embryonic models show that HSPCs fail to specify in the absence of Nod1 and its downstream kinase Ripk2 due to a failure on hemogenic endothelial (HE) programming, and that small Rho GTPases coordinate the activation of this pathway. Manipulation of NOD1 in a human system of definitive hematopoietic differentiation indicates functional conservation. This work establishes the RAC1-NOD1-RIPK2-NF-kB axis as a critical intrinsic inductor that primes ECs prior to HE fate switch and HSPC specification. Manipulation of this pathway could help derive a competent HE amenable to specify functional patient specific HSPCs and their derivatives for the treatment of blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masuma Khatun Usha
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rodolfo Calderon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Abigail Gorden
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karin S Dorman
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Clyde A Campbell
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Raquel Espin-Palazon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Nenninger A, Ben-Shlomo G, Allbaugh R, Valentine B, Snella E, Jens J, Ellinwood NM, Smith J. Clinical and pathological characterization of ophthalmic disease in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:348-357. [PMID: 36601751 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by α-L-iduronidase enzyme deficiency, resulting in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation in various cell types, including ocular tissues. Ocular manifestations in humans are common with significant pathological changes including corneal opacification, retinopathy, optic nerve swelling and atrophy, and glaucoma. Available treatments for MPS I are suboptimal and there is limited to no effect in treating the ocular disease. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical and pathological features of ocular disease in a line of MPS I affected dogs, including changes not previously reported. A total of 22 dogs were studied; 12 MPS I were affected and 10 were unaffected. A subset of each underwent complete ophthalmic examination including slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, rebound tonometry, and ultrasonic pachymetry. Globes were evaluated microscopically for morphological changes and GAG accumulation. Clinical corneal abnormalities in affected dogs included edema, neovascularization, fibrosis, and marked stromal thickening. Intraocular pressures were within reference interval for affected and unaffected dogs. Microscopically, vacuolated cells containing alcian blue positive inclusions were detected within the corneal stroma, iris, ciliary body, sclera, and optic nerve meninges of affected dogs. Ganglioside accumulation was identified by luxol fast blue staining in rare retinal ganglion cells. Increased lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 expression was demonstrated within the retina of affected animals when compared to unaffected controls. Results of this study further characterize ocular pathology in the canine model of MPS I and provide foundational data for future therapeutic efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nenninger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Gil Ben-Shlomo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rachel Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Bethann Valentine
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jackie Jens
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Jodi Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Sahoo DK, Borcherding DC, Chandra L, Jergens AE, Atherly T, Bourgois-Mochel A, Ellinwood NM, Snella E, Severin AJ, Martin M, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Differential Transcriptomic Profiles Following Stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide in Intestinal Organoids from Dogs with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Intestinal Mast Cell Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143525. [PMID: 35884586 PMCID: PMC9322748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from intestinal bacteria is linked to long-lasting inflammation that contributes to the development of intestinal cancer. While much research has been performed on the interplay between LPS and intestinal immune cells, little is known about how LPS influences intestinal epithelial cell structure and function. In this study, we investigated the effects of LPS on the proliferation and function of genes in intestinal organoids derived from dogs with gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal mast cell tumor. The goal of this study was to evaluate how LPS affects signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells to influence development of a pro-tumor-like environment. Using an ex vivo model system, LPS incubation of organoids activated cancer-causing genes and accelerated the formation of IBD organoids derived from the small and large intestines. In brief, the crosstalk that occurs between the LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway and several different metabolic pathways, including primary bile acid biosynthesis and secretion, peroxisome, renin-angiotensin system, glutathione metabolism, and arachidonic acid pathways, may play a prominent role in the development of chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal cancer. Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and promotes intestinal cancer progression in the gut. While the interplay between LPS and intestinal immune cells has been well-characterized, little is known about LPS and the intestinal epithelium interactions. In this study, we explored the differential effects of LPS on proliferation and the transcriptome in 3D enteroids/colonoids obtained from dogs with naturally occurring gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal mast cell tumor. The study objective was to analyze the LPS-induced modulation of signaling pathways involving the intestinal epithelia and contributing to colorectal cancer development in the context of an inflammatory (IBD) or a tumor microenvironment. While LPS incubation resulted in a pro-cancer gene expression pattern and stimulated proliferation of IBD enteroids and colonoids, downregulation of several cancer-associated genes such as Gpatch4, SLC7A1, ATP13A2, and TEX45 was also observed in tumor enteroids. Genes participating in porphyrin metabolism (CP), nucleocytoplasmic transport (EEF1A1), arachidonic acid, and glutathione metabolism (GPX1) exhibited a similar pattern of altered expression between IBD enteroids and IBD colonoids following LPS stimulation. In contrast, genes involved in anion transport, transcription and translation, apoptotic processes, and regulation of adaptive immune responses showed the opposite expression patterns between IBD enteroids and colonoids following LPS treatment. In brief, the crosstalk between LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway and several metabolic pathways such as primary bile acid biosynthesis and secretion, peroxisome, renin–angiotensin system, glutathione metabolism, and arachidonic acid pathways may be important in driving chronic intestinal inflammation and intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Dana C. Borcherding
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Lawrance Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Todd Atherly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - N. Matthew Ellinwood
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.M.E.); (E.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (N.M.E.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrew J. Severin
- Office of Biotechnology’s Genome Informatics Facility, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | | | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.C.B.); (L.C.); (A.E.J.); (T.A.); (A.B.-M.); (K.A.)
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: or (D.K.S.); (J.P.M.)
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Chandra L, Borcherding DC, Kingsbury D, Atherly T, Ambrosini YM, Bourgois-Mochel A, Yuan W, Kimber M, Qi Y, Wang Q, Wannemuehler M, Ellinwood NM, Snella E, Martin M, Skala M, Meyerholz D, Estes M, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Jergens AE, Mochel JP, Allenspach K. Derivation of adult canine intestinal organoids for translational research in gastroenterology. BMC Biol 2019; 17:33. [PMID: 30975131 PMCID: PMC6460554 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large animal models, such as the dog, are increasingly being used for studying diseases including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Dogs share similar environmental, genomic, anatomical, and intestinal physiologic features with humans. To bridge the gap between commonly used animal models, such as rodents, and humans, and expand the translational potential of the dog model, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) canine GI organoid (enteroid and colonoid) system. Organoids have recently gained interest in translational research as this model system better recapitulates the physiological and molecular features of the tissue environment in comparison with two-dimensional cultures. Results Organoids were derived from tissue of more than 40 healthy dogs and dogs with GI conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal carcinomas. Adult intestinal stem cells (ISC) were isolated from whole jejunal tissue as well as endoscopically obtained duodenal, ileal, and colonic biopsy samples using an optimized culture protocol. Intestinal organoids were comprehensively characterized using histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy, to determine the extent to which they recapitulated the in vivo tissue characteristics. Physiological relevance of the enteroid system was defined using functional assays such as optical metabolic imaging (OMI), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function assay, and Exosome-Like Vesicles (EV) uptake assay, as a basis for wider applications of this technology in basic, preclinical and translational GI research. We have furthermore created a collection of cryopreserved organoids to facilitate future research. Conclusions We establish the canine GI organoid systems as a model to study naturally occurring intestinal diseases in dogs and humans, and that can be used for toxicology studies, for analysis of host-pathogen interactions, and for other translational applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-019-0652-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance Chandra
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Dawn Kingsbury
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Todd Atherly
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Wang Yuan
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael Kimber
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yijun Qi
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael Wannemuehler
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Skala
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Meyerholz
- Division of Comparative Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mary Estes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Karin Allenspach
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Hollinger K, Gardan-Salmon D, Santana C, Rice D, Snella E, Selsby JT. Rescue of dystrophic skeletal muscle by PGC-1α involves restored expression of dystrophin-associated protein complex components and satellite cell signaling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R13-23. [PMID: 23594613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00221.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is typically diagnosed in the preschool years because of locomotor defects, indicative of muscle damage. Thus, effective therapies must be able to rescue muscle from further decline. We have established that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc-1α) gene transfer will prevent many aspects of dystrophic pathology, likely through upregulation of utrophin and increased oxidative capacity; however, the extent to which it will rescue muscle with disease manifestations has not been determined. Our hypothesis is that gene transfer of Pgc-1α into declining muscle will reduce muscle injury compared with control muscle. To test our hypothesis, adeno-associated virus 6 (AAV6) driving expression of Pgc-1α was injected into single hind limbs of 3-wk-old mdx mice, while the contralateral limb was given a sham injection. At 6 wk of age, treated solei had 37% less muscle injury compared with sham-treated muscles (P < 0.05). Resistance to contraction-induced injury was improved 10% (P < 0.05), likely driven by the five-fold (P < 0.05) increase in utrophin protein expression and increase in dystrophin-associated complex members. Treated muscles were more resistant to fatigue, which was likely caused by the corresponding increase in oxidative markers. Pgc-1α overexpressing limbs also exhibited increased expression of genes related to muscle repair and autophagy. These data indicate that the Pgc-1α pathway remains a good therapeutic target, as it reduced muscle injury and improved function using a rescue paradigm. Further, these data also indicate that the beneficial effects of Pgc-1α gene transfer are more complex than increased utrophin expression and oxidative gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hollinger
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Hollinger K, Rice D, Snella E, Selsby JT. PCG‐1 alpha over‐expression rescues dystrophic muscle by modifying gene expression. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1078.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hollinger K, Snella E, Shanely RA, Selsby JT. Dietary quercetin supplementation alleviates disease related muscle injury in dystrophic muscle. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.255.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Andrew Shanely
- Human Performance Laboratory; North Carolina Research CampusAppalachian State UniversityKannapolisNC
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Chen A, Vogler C, McEntee M, Hanson S, Ellinwood NM, Jens J, Snella E, Passage M, Le S, Guerra C, Dickson P. Glycosaminoglycan storage in neuroanatomical regions of mucopolysaccharidosis I dogs following intrathecal recombinant human iduronidase. APMIS 2011; 119:513-21. [PMID: 21749451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intrathecal (IT) recombinant human α-l-iduronidase (rhIDU) has been shown to reduce mean brain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to normal levels in mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) dogs. In this study, we examined storage in neuroanatomical regions of the MPS I dog brain, including frontal lobe, cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampal formation, and brainstem, to determine the response of these functional regions to treatment with IT rhIDU. GAG storage in untreated MPS I dogs was significantly different from normal dogs in all examined sections. GAG levels in normal dogs varied by region: frontal lobe (mean: 2.36 ± 0.54 μg/mg protein), cerebellum (2.67 ± 0.33), basal ganglia and thalamus (3.51 ± 0.60), hippocampus (3.30 ± 0.40), and brainstem (3.73 ± 1.10). Following IT treatment, there was a reduction in GAG storage in each region in all treatment groups, except for the brainstem. Percent reduction in GAG levels from untreated to treated MPS I dogs in the deeper regions of the brain was 30% for basal ganglia and thalamus and 30% for hippocampus, and storage reduction was greater in superficial regions, with 61% reduction in the frontal lobe and 54% in the cerebellum compared with untreated MPS I dogs. Secondary lipid storage in neurons was also reduced in frontal lobe, but not in the other brain regions examined. Response to therapy appeared to be greater in more superficial regions of the brain, particularly in the frontal lobe cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Chen
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Dickson PI, Hanson S, McEntee MF, Vite CH, Vogler CA, Mlikotic A, Chen AH, Ponder KP, Haskins ME, Tippin BL, Le SQ, Passage MB, Guerra C, Dierenfeld A, Jens J, Snella E, Kan SH, Ellinwood NM. Early versus late treatment of spinal cord compression with long-term intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy in canine mucopolysaccharidosis type I. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 101:115-22. [PMID: 20655780 PMCID: PMC2950221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with intravenous recombinant human alpha-l-iduronidase (IV rhIDU) is a treatment for patients with mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I). Spinal cord compression develops in MPS I patients due in part to dural and leptomeningeal thickening from accumulated glycosaminoglycans (GAG). We tested long-term and every 3-month intrathecal (IT) and weekly IV rhIDU in MPS I dogs age 12-15months (Adult) and MPS I pups age 2-23days (Early) to determine whether spinal cord compression could be reversed, stabilized, or prevented. Five treatment groups of MPS I dogs were evaluated (n=4 per group): IT+IV Adult, IV Adult, IT + IV Early, 0.58mg/kg IV Early and 1.57mg/kg IV Early. IT + IV rhIDU (Adult and Early) led to very high iduronidase levels in cervical, thoracic, and lumber spinal meninges (3600-29,000% of normal), while IV rhIDU alone (Adult and Early) led to levels that were 8.2-176% of normal. GAG storage was significantly reduced from untreated levels in spinal meninges of IT + IV Early (p<.001), IT+IV Adult (p=.001), 0.58mg/kg IV Early (p=.002) and 1.57mg/kg IV Early (p<.001) treatment groups. Treatment of dogs shortly after birth with IT+IV rhIDU (IT + IV Early) led to normal to near-normal GAG levels in the meninges and histologic absence of storage vacuoles. Lysosomal storage was reduced in spinal anterior horn cells in 1.57mg/kg IV Early and IT + IV Early animals. All dogs in IT + IV Adult and IV Adult groups had compression of their spinal cord at 12-15months of age determined by magnetic resonance imaging and was due to protrusion of spinal disks into the canal. Cord compression developed in 3 of 4 dogs in the 0.58mg/kg IV Early group; 2 of 3 dogs in the IT + IV Early group; and 0 of 4 dogs in the 1.57mg/kg IV Early group by 12-18months of age. IT + IV rhIDU was more effective than IV rhIDU alone for treatment of meningeal storage, and it prevented meningeal GAG accumulation when begun early. High-dose IV rhIDU from birth (1.57mg/kg weekly) appeared to prevent cord compression due to protrusion of spinal disks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I. Dickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA: , , , , ,
- Corresp: Patricia I. Dickson, M.D. 1124 W. Carson Street, HH1 Torrance, CA 90502 Tel. 310-781-1399 Fax. 310-782-2999
| | - Stephen Hanson
- Veterinary Neurology Center, 3051 Edinger Ave, Tustin, CA 92780, USA:
| | - Michael F. McEntee
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA:
| | - Charles H. Vite
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA:
| | - Carole A. Vogler
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA:
| | - Anton Mlikotic
- Department of Radiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90509, USA:
| | - Agnes H. Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA: , , , , ,
- Department of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA:
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8125, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA:
| | - Mark E. Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA:
| | - Brigette L. Tippin
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA: , , , , ,
| | - Steven Q. Le
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA: , , , , ,
| | - Merry B. Passage
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA: , , , , ,
| | - Catalina Guerra
- Biological Resource Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA:
| | - Ashley Dierenfeld
- Department of Animal Science and the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA: , , ,
| | - Jackie Jens
- Department of Animal Science and the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA: , , ,
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Animal Science and the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA: , , ,
| | - Shih-hsin Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA: , , , , ,
| | - N. Matthew Ellinwood
- Department of Animal Science and the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA: , , ,
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Coffey RG, Snella E, Johnson K, Pross S. Inhibition of macrophage nitric oxide production by tetrahydrocannabinol in vivo and in vitro. Int J Immunopharmacol 1996; 18:749-52. [PMID: 9172018 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(97)85557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 10 micrograms) was administered intraperitoneally to thioglycollate-treated mice. After 18 h, peritoneal macrophages were harvested and nitric oxide (NO.) production was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 microgram/ml) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 0.1-10 U/ml). Macrophages from THC-treated mice produced about half as much NO. as controls. THC (1 microgram/ml) added in vitro caused further inhibition. Greater inhibition was observed at the lower (0.1-0.3 U/ml) IFN-gamma concentrations. The results suggest that the use of THC can reduce NO. production and thereby affect host defense mechanisms, inflammation and autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Coffey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612, USA
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Abstract
delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production by mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN)-gamma). Inhibition of NO production was noted at THC concentrations as low as 0.5 microgram/mL, and was nearly total at 7 micrograms/mL. Inhibition was greatest if THC was added 1-4 hr before induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by LPS and IFN-gamma, and declined with time after addition of the inducing agents. This suggested that an early step such as NOS gene transcription or NOS synthesis, rather than NOS activity, was affected by THC. Steady-state levels of mRNA for NOS were not affected by THC. In contrast, protein synthesis was inhibited as indicated by immunoblotting. NOS activity was also decreased in the cytosol of cells pretreated with THC. Addition of excess cofactors did not restore activity. Inhibition of NO production was greater at low levels of IFN-gamma, indicating the ability of the cytokine to overcome inhibition. The effectiveness of various THC analogues, in decreasing order of potency, was delta 8-THC > delta 9-THC > cannabidiol > or = 11-OH-THC > cannabinol. The presumably inactive stereoisomer, (+)delta 9-THC, and the endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors, anandamide, were weakly inhibitory. Inhibition may be mediated by a process that depends partly on stereoselective receptors and partly on a nonselective process. LPS, IFN-gamma, hormone receptor agonists, and forskolin increased macrophage cyclic AMP levels. THC inhibited this increase, indicating functional cannabinoid receptors. Addition of 8-bromocyclic AMP increased NO 2-fold, and partially restored NO production that had been inhibited by THC. This occurred only under conditions of limited NOS induction, suggesting that the effect of THC on cyclic AMP was responsible for only a small portion of the inhibition of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Coffey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612-4799, USA
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Snella E, Pross S, Friedman H. Relationship of aging and cytokines to the immunomodulation by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on murine lymphoid cells. Int J Immunopharmacol 1995; 17:1045-54. [PMID: 8964654 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(95)00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major psychoactive component of marijuana, was investigated utilizing lymphoid cells from 2-week, 2-month, and 18-month-old mice. Previous studies have shown a differential modulation by THC related to age such that cells from adult mice could be up-regulated by THC when stimulated by their CD3 receptor. Cells from 2-week-old and 18-month-old mice were resistant to this THC-mediated enhancement. This paper questioned whether these resistant cells could be up-regulated by either addition or removal of cytokines or by exposure to supernatants derived from adult cells. IL-1, IL-4, and IL-6 modified cell proliferation in general, and their effects had some age-related differences, but these actions were independent of THC. In contrast, the THC-induced enhancement appeared to be related in part to IL-2 levels in the adult cell cultures such that when IL-2 was removed, not only did up-regulation not occur, but THC was, in fact, suppressive. Addition of IL-2 or supernatants from adult cells did lead to a modified THC-induced up-regulation of proliferation in cells from adult or 2-week-old mice. Cells from 18-month-old mice remained resistant to this modulation by THC. This did not represent a general anergy of these older cells since they did proliferate well in culture. These results demonstrate a difference in immune response to THC related to the age of the mice which correlates at least in part to IL-2 levels in 2-week-old and young adult mice. THC modulation, whether immunoenhancing or suppressing, appears to be influenced by the presence of other cell stimulators such as cytokines, and is sensitive to the timing of THC exposure relative to such stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Snella
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa 33612, USA
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