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Klawon DEJ, Gilmore DC, Leonard JD, Miller CH, Chao JL, Walker MT, Duncombe RK, Tung KS, Adams EJ, Savage PA. Altered selection on a single self-ligand promotes susceptibility to organ-specific T cell infiltration. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212038. [PMID: 33914024 PMCID: PMC8091134 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For the large array of self-peptide/MHC class II (pMHC-II) complexes displayed in the body, it is unclear whether CD4+ T cell tolerance must be imparted for each individual complex or whether pMHC-II–nonspecific bystander mechanisms are sufficient to confer tolerance by acting broadly on T cells reactive to multiple self-pMHC-II ligands. Here, via reconstitution of T cell–deficient mice, we demonstrate that altered T cell selection on a single prostate-specific self-pMHC-II ligand renders recipient mice susceptible to prostate-specific T cell infiltration. Mechanistically, this self-pMHC-II complex is required for directing antigen-specific cells into the Foxp3+ regulatory T cell lineage but does not induce clonal deletion to a measurable extent. Thus, our data demonstrate that polyclonal T reg cells are unable to functionally compensate for a breach in tolerance to a single self-pMHC-II complex in this setting, revealing vulnerabilities in antigen-nonspecific bystander mechanisms of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana C Gilmore
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John D Leonard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jaime L Chao
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Ryan K Duncombe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kenneth S Tung
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Peter A Savage
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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2
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Eskiocak U, Guzman W, Wolf B, Cummings C, Milling L, Wu HJ, Ophir M, Lambden C, Bakhru P, Gilmore DC, Ottinger S, Liu L, McConaughy WK, He SQ, Wang C, Leung CL, Lajoie J, Carson WF, Zizlsperger N, Schmidt MM, Anderson AC, Bobrowicz P, Schuetz TJ, Tighe R. Differentiated agonistic antibody targeting CD137 eradicates large tumors without hepatotoxicity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133647. [PMID: 32161196 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR superfamily that represents a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Recent insights into the function of TNFR agonist antibodies implicate epitope, affinity, and IgG subclass as critical features, and these observations help explain the limited activity and toxicity seen with clinically tested CD137 agonists. Here, we describe the preclinical characterization of CTX-471, a fully human IgG4 agonist of CD137 that engages a unique epitope that is shared by human, cynomolgus monkey, and mouse and is associated with a differentiated pharmacology and toxicology profile. In vitro, CTX-471 increased IFN-γ production by human T cells in an Fcγ receptor-dependent (FcγR-dependent) manner, displaying an intermediate level of activity between 2 clinical-stage anti-CD137 antibodies. In mice, CTX-471 exhibited curative monotherapy activity in various syngeneic tumor models and showed a unique ability to cure mice of very large (~500 mm3) tumors compared with validated antibodies against checkpoints and TNFR superfamily members. Extremely high doses of CTX-471 were well tolerated, with no signs of hepatic toxicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CTX-471 is a unique CD137 agonist that displays an excellent safety profile and an unprecedented level of monotherapy efficacy against very large tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Milling
- Compass Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hsin-Jung Wu
- Compass Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Conner Lambden
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pearl Bakhru
- Compass Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Lucy Liu
- Compass Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sunny Q He
- Compass Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jason Lajoie
- Compass Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Tighe
- Compass Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Leonard JD, Gilmore DC, Dileepan T, Nawrocka WI, Chao JL, Schoenbach MH, Jenkins MK, Adams EJ, Savage PA. Identification of Natural Regulatory T Cell Epitopes Reveals Convergence on a Dominant Autoantigen. Immunity 2017; 47:107-117.e8. [PMID: 28709804 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 are critical for the prevention of autoimmunity and the suppression of anti-tumor immunity. The major self-antigens recognized by Treg cells remain undefined, representing a substantial barrier to the understanding of immune regulation. Here, we have identified natural Treg cell ligands in mice. We found that two recurrent Treg cell clones, one prevalent in prostate tumors and the other associated with prostatic autoimmune lesions, recognized distinct non-overlapping MHC-class-II-restricted peptides derived from the same prostate-specific protein. Notably, this protein is frequently targeted by autoantibodies in experimental models of prostatic autoimmunity. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model in which Treg cell responses at peripheral sites converge on those self-proteins that are most susceptible to autoimmune attack, and we suggest that this link could be exploited as a generalizable strategy for identifying the Treg cell antigens relevant to human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Leonard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dana C Gilmore
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thamotharampillai Dileepan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wioletta I Nawrocka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jaime L Chao
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mary H Schoenbach
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marc K Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Peter A Savage
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Leventhal DS, Gilmore DC, Berger JM, Nishi S, Lee V, Malchow S, Kline DE, Kline J, Vander Griend DJ, Huang H, Socci ND, Savage PA. Dendritic Cells Coordinate the Development and Homeostasis of Organ-Specific Regulatory T Cells. Immunity 2016; 44:847-59. [PMID: 27037189 PMCID: PMC4842258 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although antigen recognition mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR) influences many facets of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cell biology, including development and function, the cell types that present antigen to Treg cells in vivo remain largely undefined. By tracking a clonal population of Aire-dependent, prostate-specific Treg cells in mice, we demonstrated an essential role for dendritic cells (DCs) in regulating organ-specific Treg cell biology. We have shown that the thymic development of prostate-specific Treg cells required antigen presentation by DCs. Moreover, Batf3-dependent CD8α(+) DCs were dispensable for the development of this clonotype and had negligible impact on the polyclonal Treg cell repertoire. In the periphery, CCR7-dependent migratory DCs coordinated the activation of organ-specific Treg cells in the prostate-draining lymph nodes. Our results demonstrate that the development and peripheral regulation of organ-specific Treg cells are dependent on antigen presentation by DCs, implicating DCs as key mediators of organ-specific immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana C Gilmore
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Julian M Berger
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Saki Nishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Victoria Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sven Malchow
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Douglas E Kline
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Justin Kline
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Peter A Savage
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Teixeira C, Gomes R, Oliveira F, Meneses C, Gilmore DC, Elnaiem DEA, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S. Characterization of the early inflammatory infiltrate at the feeding site of infected sand flies in mice protected from vector-transmitted Leishmania major by exposure to uninfected bites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2781. [PMID: 24762408 PMCID: PMC3998922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mice exposed to sand fly saliva are protected against vector-transmitted Leishmania major. Although protection has been related to IFN- γ producing T cells, the early inflammatory response orchestrating this outcome has not been defined. Methodology/Principal findings Mice exposed to uninfected P. duboscqi bites and naïve mice were challenged with L. major-infected flies to characterize their early immune response at the bite site. Mostly, chemokine and cytokine transcript expression post-infected bites was amplified in exposed compared to naïve mice. In exposed mice, induced chemokines were mostly involved in leukocyte recruitment and T cell and NK cell activation; IL-4 was expressed at 6 h followed by IFN-γ and iNOS2 as well as IL-5 and IL-10 expression. In naïve animals, the transcript expression following Leishmania-infected sand fly bites was suppressed. Expression profiles translated to an earlier and significantly larger recruitment of leukocytes including neutrophils, macrophages, Gr+ monocytes, NK cells and CD4+ T cells to the bite site of exposed compared to naïve mice post-infected bites. Additionally, up to 48 hours post-infected bites the number of IFN-γ-producing CD4+T cells and NK cells arriving at the bite site was significantly higher in exposed compared to naïve mice. Thereafter, NK cells become cytolytic and persist at the bite site up to a week post-bite. Conclusion/Significance The quiet environment induced by a Leishmania-infected sand fly bite in naïve mice was significantly altered in animals previously exposed to saliva of uninfected flies. We propose that the enhanced recruitment of Gr+ monocytes, NK cells and CD4 Th1 cells observed at the bite site of exposed mice creates an inhospitable environment that counters the establishment of L. major infection. Sand flies transmit Leishmania parasites during bloodfeeding. Salivary molecules are deposited alongside parasites and can reshape the host's immune response to infection. Exposure to uninfected sand fly bites or immunization with salivary molecules protects the host against Leishmania infection. Here we show that mice exposed to bites of uninfected Phlebotomus duboscqi sand flies are protected against P. duboscqi-transmitted L. major and characterize the formerly unknown early cellular infiltrate at the bite site following L.major vector-transmission. The kinetics and nature of the inflammatory response at the bite site of exposed mice were notably different from those of naïve mice showing an amplified expression of cytokines and chemokines after parasite transmission. The transcripts reflected a faster and more robust infiltrate of immune cells to the bite site of exposed mice composed of neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, NK cells and CD4+ T cells. In addition, there was an increased influx of activated IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells and Granzyme B-producing mature NK cells in exposed animals. These findings suggest that the observed robust and persistent proinflammatory response in exposed animals restrict parasite multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Teixeira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Regis Gomes
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dana C. Gilmore
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dia-Eldin A. Elnaiem
- Department of Zoology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jesus G. Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JGV); (SK)
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JGV); (SK)
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Collin N, Assumpção TCF, Mizurini DM, Gilmore DC, Dutra-Oliveira A, Kotsyfakis M, Sá-Nunes A, Teixeira C, Ribeiro JMC, Monteiro RQ, Valenzuela JG, Francischetti IMB. Lufaxin, a novel factor Xa inhibitor from the salivary gland of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis blocks protease-activated receptor 2 activation and inhibits inflammation and thrombosis in vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2185-98. [PMID: 22796577 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.253906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood-sucking arthropods' salivary glands contain a remarkable diversity of antihemostatics. The aim of the present study was to identify the unique salivary anticoagulant of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, which remained elusive for decades. METHODS AND RESULTS Several L. longipalpis salivary proteins were expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and screened for inhibition of blood coagulation. A novel 32.4-kDa molecule, named Lufaxin, was identified as a slow, tight, noncompetitive, and reversible inhibitor of factor Xa (FXa). Notably, Lufaxin's primary sequence does not share similarity to any physiological or salivary inhibitors of coagulation reported to date. Lufaxin is specific for FXa and does not interact with FX, Dansyl-Glu-Gly-Arg-FXa, or 15 other enzymes. In addition, Lufaxin blocks prothrombinase and increases both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that FXa binds Lufaxin with an equilibrium constant ≈3 nM, and isothermal titration calorimetry determined a stoichiometry of 1:1. Lufaxin also prevents protease-activated receptor 2 activation by FXa in the MDA-MB-231 cell line and abrogates edema formation triggered by injection of FXa in the paw of mice. Moreover, Lufaxin prevents FeCl(3)-induced carotid artery thrombus formation and prolongs activated partial thromboplastin time ex vivo, implying that it works as an anticoagulant in vivo. Finally, salivary gland of sand flies was found to inhibit FXa and to interact with the enzyme. CONCLUSIONS Lufaxin belongs to a novel family of slow-tight FXa inhibitors, which display antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities. It is a useful tool to understand FXa structural features and its role in prohemostatic and proinflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collin
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Ferris GR, Gilmore DC. The moderating role of work context in job design research: a test of competing models. Acad Manage J 1984; 27:885-892. [PMID: 10269281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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