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Sabury S, Xu Z, Saiev S, Davies D, Österholm AM, Rinehart JM, Mirhosseini M, Tong B, Kim S, Correa-Baena JP, Coropceanu V, Jurchescu OD, Brédas JL, Diao Y, Reynolds JR. Non-covalent planarizing interactions yield highly ordered and thermotropic liquid crystalline conjugated polymers. Mater Horiz 2024. [PMID: 38686501 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01974h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the multi-level assembly and morphological properties of conjugated polymers through structural manipulation has contributed significantly to the advancement of organic electronics. In this work, a redox active conjugated polymer, TPT-TT, composed of alternating 1,4-(2-thienyl)-2,5-dialkoxyphenylene (TPT) and thienothiophene (TT) units is reported with non-covalent intramolecular S⋯O and S⋯H-C interactions that induce controlled main-chain planarity and solid-state order. As confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, these intramolecular interactions influence the main chain conformation, promoting backbone planarization, while still allowing dihedral rotations at higher kinetic energies (higher temperature), and give rise to temperature-dependent aggregation properties. Thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) behavior is confirmed by cross-polarized optical microscopy (CPOM) and closely correlated with multiple thermal transitions observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This LC behavior allows us to develop and utilize a thermal annealing treatment that results in thin films with notable long-range order, as shown by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD). Specifically, we identified a first LC phase, ranging from 218 °C to 107 °C, as a nematic phase featuring preferential face-on π-π stacking and edge-on lamellar stacking exhibiting a large extent of disorder and broad orientation distribution. A second LC phase is observed from 107 °C to 48 °C, as a smectic A phase featuring sharp, highly ordered out-of-plane lamellar stacking features and sharp tilted backbone stacking peaks, while the structure of a third LC phase with a transition at 48 °C remains unclear, but resembles that of the solid state at ambient temperature. Furthermore, the significance of thermal annealing is evident in the ∼3-fold enhancement of the electrical conductivity of ferric tosylate-doped annealed films reaching 55 S cm-1. More importantly, thermally annealed TPT-TT films exhibit both a narrow distribution of charge-carrier mobilities (1.4 ± 0.1) × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 along with a remarkable device yield of 100% in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) configuration. This molecular design approach to obtain highly ordered conjugated polymers in the solid state affords a deeper understanding of how intramolecular interactions and repeat-unit symmetry impact liquid crystallinity, solution aggregation, solution to solid-state transformation, solid-state morphology, and ultimately device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sabury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Zhuang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Shamil Saiev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Daniel Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Anna M Österholm
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Joshua M Rinehart
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Motahhare Mirhosseini
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Benedict Tong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
| | - Sanggyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Oana D Jurchescu
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
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2
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Davies D, Kamdar S, Woolf R, Zlatareva I, Iannitto ML, Morton C, Haque Y, Martin H, Biswas D, Ndagire S, Munonyara M, Gillett C, O'Neill O, Nussbaumer O, Hayday A, Wu Y. PD-1 defines a distinct, functional, tissue-adapted state in Vδ1 + T cells with implications for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Cancer 2024; 5:420-432. [PMID: 38172341 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibition (CPI), particularly that targeting the inhibitory coreceptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has transformed oncology. Although CPI can derepress cancer (neo)antigen-specific αβ T cells that ordinarily show PD-1-dependent exhaustion, it can also be efficacious against cancers evading αβ T cell recognition. In such settings, γδ T cells have been implicated, but the functional relevance of PD-1 expression by these cells is unclear. Here we demonstrate that intratumoral TRDV1 transcripts (encoding the TCRδ chain of Vδ1+ γδ T cells) predict anti-PD-1 CPI response in patients with melanoma, particularly those harboring below average neoantigens. Moreover, using a protocol yielding substantial numbers of tissue-derived Vδ1+ cells, we show that PD-1+Vδ1+ cells display a transcriptomic program similar to, but distinct from, the canonical exhaustion program of colocated PD-1+CD8+ αβ T cells. In particular, PD-1+Vδ1+ cells retained effector responses to TCR signaling that were inhibitable by PD-1 engagement and derepressed by CPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Davies
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shraddha Kamdar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Woolf
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Iva Zlatareva
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Cienne Morton
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Haque
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah Martin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Dhruva Biswas
- Academic Foundation Programme, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Susan Ndagire
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Cheryl Gillett
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Olga O'Neill
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Oliver Nussbaumer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK.
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Yin Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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3
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Muñoz-Ruiz M, Llorian M, D'Antuono R, Pavlova A, Mavrigiannaki AM, McKenzie D, García-Cassani B, Iannitto ML, Wu Y, Dart R, Davies D, Jamal-Hanjani M, Jandke A, Ushakov DS, Hayday AC. IFN-γ-dependent interactions between tissue-intrinsic γδ T cells and tissue-infiltrating CD8 T cells limit allergic contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1520-1540. [PMID: 37562754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), an inflammatory type 4 hypersensitivity disease, induces skin infiltration by polyclonal effector CD8 αβ T cells and precursors of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. Because TRM have long-term potential to contribute to body-surface immunoprotection and immunopathology, their local regulation needs a fuller understanding. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate how TRM-cell maturation might be influenced by innate-like T cells pre-existing within many epithelia. METHODS This study examined CD8+ TRM-cell maturation following hapten-induced ACD in wild-type mice and in strains harboring altered compartments of dendritic intraepidermal γδ T cells (DETCs), a prototypic tissue-intrinsic, innate-like T-cell compartment that reportedly regulates ACD, but by no elucidated mechanism. RESULTS In addition to eliciting CD8 TRM, ACD induced DETC activation and an intimate coregulatory association of the 2 cell types. This depended on DETC sensing IFN-γ produced by CD8 cells and involved programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Thus, in mice lacking DETC or lacking IFN-γ receptor solely on γδ cells, ACD-elicited CD8 T cells showed enhanced proliferative and effector potentials and reduced motility, collectively associated with exaggerated ACD pathology. Comparable dysregulation was elicited by PD-L1 blockade in vitro, and IFN-γ-regulated PD-L1 expression was a trait of human skin-homing and intraepithelial γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS The size and quality of the tissue-infiltrating CD8 T-cell response during ACD can be profoundly regulated by local innate-like T cells responding to IFN-γ and involving PD-L1. Thus, interindividual and tissue-specific variations in tissue-intrinsic lymphocytes may influence responses to allergens and other challenges and may underpin inflammatory pathologies such as those repeatedly observed in γδ T-cell-deficient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Ear, Nose and Throat, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics science technology platform (STP), The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocco D'Antuono
- Light Microscopy STP, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Pavlova
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Duncan McKenzie
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bethania García-Cassani
- Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Luisa Iannitto
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yin Wu
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Dart
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Davies
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anett Jandke
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry S Ushakov
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Kemp PR, Bradshaw JM, Pandya B, Davies D, Morrell MJ, Sam AH. The validity of Engagement and Feedback Assessments (EFAs): identifying students at risk of failing. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:866. [PMID: 37968656 PMCID: PMC10652541 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imperial College School of Medicine, London UK, introduced a new curriculum in 2019, with a focus on the GMC outcomes for graduates, and pedagogy best practice. The new curriculum included formative assessments, named engagement and feedback assessments (EFAs), to support learning, and attainment in the summative examinations. The aims of this study were to assess the validity of EFAs and to determine whether they have utility as a modified form of programmatic assessment to inform decision-making regarding possible interventions by measuring and analysing attendance at and performance in these formative events. METHODS Seven hundred and sixty-one students were included in the study and assessment results were included for academic years 2019/20 to 2020/21. Forty-one data points per student, (27 in Year 1 and 14 in Year 2) were used, to compare EFA scores with the summative performance. Attendance was monitored through engagement with the EFAs. RESULTS Cohort 1 (enrolled 2019): In year 1, EFAs were associated with summative exam scores (overall r = 0.63, p < 0.001). Year 2, EFA scores were also associated with summative scores (overall r = 0.57, p < 0.001), including the clinical practical assessment (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). Missing two or more EFAs was associated with a significant increase in the likelihood of failing one or more summative examinations in the first year (OR: 7.97, 95% CI 2.65-34.39) and second year (OR: 3.20, 95% CI 1.74-5.95). Missing more than two EFAs in their first year was also associated with a higher risk of failing a summative examination in the second year (OR: 2.47, 95% CI 1.33-4.71). Students who increased their attendance between year 1 and 2 fared better in summative assessment than those who maintained poor attendance, whereas those that reduced their attendance fared worse than those that maintained high attendance. Cohort 2 (enrolled 2020): Analysis of cohort 2 supported these findings and in this cohort missing two or more EFAs was again associated with an increased likelihood of failing a summative examination (OR = 4.00, 95% CI = 2.02-7.90). CONCLUSION Our EFA model has validity in predicting performance in summative assessments and can inform prospective interventions to support students' learning. Enhancing attendance and engagement can improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Kemp
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Jacob M Bradshaw
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brijmohan Pandya
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Davies
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mary J Morrell
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amir H Sam
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Waterhouse DM, Ward P, Drosick DR, Burdette C, Davies D, Mendenhall MA. Sustainable Integration of US Food and Drug Administration-Approved Biosimilars: Pharmacy- Versus Physician-Driven Change. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:1053-1057. [PMID: 37738533 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biosimilars are clinically equivalent to branded products yet cost significantly less. Interchangeability is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that allows generic drugs to be substituted for reference drugs at the pharmacy, without a physician's consent. Currently, no oncologic biosimilar has FDA approval for interchangeability. METHODS Building on pharmacy auto-substitution processes with therapeutic interchange, Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology was used to automate conversions from reference biological products to Pharmacy and Therapeutics-/Physician-approved biosimilars. After establishing the baseline metrics, cycle 1 focused on full staff education (completed July 2020) with systematic pharmacy-driven biosimilar conversion initiated in September 2020 for rituximab, trastuzumab, and bevacizumab. Physician-initiated conversion of Neulasta biosimilar products was encouraged but not mandated. During cycle 2 (May 1, 2021-November 30, 2021), pharmacy-driven Neulasta biosimilar conversion was mandated. In cycle 3 (December 1, 2021-April 30, 2023), stakeholder education was reinforced and the sustainability of conversions was confirmed. RESULTS Systematic pharmacy-driven conversion to biosimilar products improved over cycles 1 and 2 from baseline: 1.8% to 90.3% for rituximab, 9.2% to 89.7% for trastuzumab, and 20.5% to 96.1% for bevacizumab. Physician-driven biosimilar conversion for Neulasta was lower at 12.7% through April 2021. Pharmacy-driven Neulasta biosimilar conversion was initiated during cycle 2, resulting in a conversion rate of 39.7%. The conversion rates remained sustainable through April 2023. CONCLUSION Pharmacy-driven auto-substitution of biosimilar products results in rapid and statistically significant biosimilar adoption. The pharmacy-based substitution approach was found to be far more effective than physician-driven substitution. Rapid conversion from branded products to FDA-approved biosimilar is feasible, measurable, and sustainable and can be scaled. Barriers to Neulasta conversion warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Waterhouse
- Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/An affiliate of the US Oncology Network, Cincinnati OH
| | - Patrick Ward
- Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/An affiliate of the US Oncology Network, Cincinnati OH
| | - David R Drosick
- Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/An affiliate of the US Oncology Network, Cincinnati OH
| | - Caleb Burdette
- Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/An affiliate of the US Oncology Network, Cincinnati OH
| | - Daniel Davies
- Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/An affiliate of the US Oncology Network, Cincinnati OH
| | - Molly A Mendenhall
- Oncology Hematology Care (OHC)/An affiliate of the US Oncology Network, Cincinnati OH
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6
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Martinez C, Davies D, Hoey S, Shiel RE, O'Neill EJ. Ultrasonographic measurement of gallbladder wall thickness in fasted dogs without signs of hepatobiliary disease. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1766-1771. [PMID: 37469251 PMCID: PMC10473047 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound-determined gallbladder wall thickness is widely used to aid in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease, but no reference values supported by published measurement data are available in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE Establish normal thickness of the gallbladder wall in dogs. ANIMALS Fifty-three dogs presented to a referral hospital and required abdominal ultrasound examination for reasons unrelated to primary hepatobiliary disease. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study recruiting dogs requiring abdominal ultrasound examination. A standard sequence of gallbladder wall images was recorded for later review. Inclusion criteria were normal ultrasonographic hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and small intestinal findings. Exclusion was determined by 2 European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ECVIM)-certified veterinary internists blinded to gallbladder wall thickness data. Dogs were excluded if they had inadequate medical records, a previous history of hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, or pancreatic disease likely to impact the biliary system (eg, chronic vomiting, nausea, jaundice, diarrhea), unexplained increases in liver enzyme activities, hypoalbuminemia, or ascites. Gallbladder wall thickness was determined by 2 European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI)-certified veterinary radiologists working together to generate a consensus for each dog. The final output was the maximum normal wall thickness for this population of dogs. RESULTS The upper limit for gallbladder wall thickness in 53 fasted (8 hours) dogs <40 kg was 1.30 mm (90% confidence interval, 1.19-1.41). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Normal gallbladder wall thickness in dogs is lower than previously reported. Additional studies are required to determine potential effects of body weight and the optimal cut-off to distinguish between healthy and diseased gallbladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martinez
- Department of Internal MedicineAÚNA Especialidades Veterinarias ‐ IVC EvidensiaValenciaSpain
| | | | - Séamus Hoey
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity College Dublin, Belfield Co.DublinIreland
| | - Robert E. Shiel
- School of Veterinary MedicineMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Emma J. O'Neill
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity College Dublin, Belfield Co.DublinIreland
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Kyle Martin W, Schladweiler MC, Oshiro W, Smoot J, Fisher A, Williams W, Valdez M, Miller CN, Jackson TW, Freeborn D, Kim YH, Davies D, Ian Gilmour M, Kodavanti U, Kodavanti P, Hazari MS, Farraj AK. Wildfire-related smoke inhalation worsens cardiovascular risk in sleep disrupted rats. Front Environ Health 2023; 2:1166918. [PMID: 38116203 PMCID: PMC10726696 DOI: 10.3389/fenvh.2023.1166918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction As a lifestyle factor, poor sleep status is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and may be influenced by environmental stressors, including air pollution. Methods To determine whether exposure to air pollution modified cardiovascular effects of sleep disruption, we evaluated the effects of single or repeated (twice/wk for 4 wks) inhalation exposure to eucalyptus wood smoke (ES; 964 μg/m3 for 1 h), a key wildland fire air pollution source, on mild sleep loss in the form of gentle handling in rats. Blood pressure (BP) radiotelemetry and echocardiography were evaluated along with assessments of lung and systemic inflammation, cardiac and hypothalamic gene expression, and heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic tone. Results and Discussion GH alone disrupted sleep, as evidenced by active period-like locomotor activity, and increases in BP, heart rate (HR), and hypothalamic expression of the circadian gene Per2. A single bout of sleep disruption and ES, but neither alone, increased HR and BP as rats transitioned into their active period, a period aligned with a critical early morning window for stroke risk in humans. These responses were immediately preceded by reduced HRV, indicating increased cardiac sympathetic tone. In addition, only sleep disrupted rats exposed to ES had increased HR and BP during the final sleep disruption period. These rats also had increased cardiac output and cardiac expression of genes related to adrenergic function, and regulation of vasoconstriction and systemic blood pressure one day after final ES exposure. There was little evidence of lung or systemic inflammation, except for increases in serum LDL cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase. These results suggest that inhaled air pollution increases sleep perturbation-related cardiovascular risk, potentially in part by increased sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Kyle Martin
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - M. C. Schladweiler
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - W. Oshiro
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - J. Smoot
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - A. Fisher
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - W. Williams
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - M. Valdez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - C. N. Miller
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - T. W. Jackson
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - D. Freeborn
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Y. H. Kim
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - D. Davies
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - M. Ian Gilmour
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - U. Kodavanti
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - P. Kodavanti
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - M. S. Hazari
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - A. K. Farraj
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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8
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Yusoff A, Davies EA, Burberry DJ, Jones N, Walters C, Beynon Howells C, Davies D, Quinn P. 1103 AN EVALUATION OF A GERIATRICIAN-LED ACUTE MEDICAL ADMISSION UNIT AT MORRISTON HOSPITAL, SWANSEA. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The medical intake at Morriston Hospital is accepted on two units; Rapid Assessment Unit (RAU) and Acute Medical Assessment Unit. Both were acute physician-led until July 2021
Method
(Phase 1). From July 2021, RAU became geriatrician-led (Phase 2). This evaluation concerns the performance of RAU.
Phase 1 (Acute Physician-Led Unit) Between 01/08/2020-30/06/2021, there were 3102 admissions with a median length of stay (LOS) of 2 days on RAU. 37.2% of patients were discharged directly from the unit. (SBUHB data). A detailed analysis of 496 patients consecutively assessed between November 2020–January 2021 showed a median LOS on RAU of 1, 28.8% were discharged directly from RAU. Overall health board (HB) median LOS for the cohort was 7. In over 70 years, median LOS on RAU was 1, overall HB LOS 9.
Phase 2 (Geriatrician-Led Unit) 1237 patients were assessed July-December 2021, with a median LOS of 2 days. 42.8% of patients were discharged from RAU. (SBUHB data). A detailed analysis of 566 patients consecutively assessed between September-November 2021 showed a median LOS on RAU of 2, 41.7% discharged directly from RAU. Overall HB median LOS for the entire cohort was 5. For the > 70 years, median LOS on RAU was 2, overall HB LOS was 7. Patient flow through assessment areas is dependent on the function of downstream medical wards. Mean LOS within medicine at Morriston increased 1.5 days between Phase 1 and Phase 2.
Results
Acute geriatricians have delivered the 72hr LOS standard that SBUHB has set for assessment areas. The unit has achieved a reduction in overall LOS for the cohort of patients evaluated (p<.01), especially for the > 70 years (p=.007).
Conclusion
This data supported a change in practice; RAU has taken a frailty specific intake since January 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yusoff
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
| | - E A Davies
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
| | - D J Burberry
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
| | - N Jones
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
| | - C Walters
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
| | - C Beynon Howells
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
| | - D Davies
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
| | - P Quinn
- Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB) Department of Geriatric Medicine,
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9
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Davies D, Hyland ME, Lanario JW, Jones RC, Masoli M. Moving towards patient-centred outcomes: the Severe Asthma Questionnaire. Eur Respir J 2022; 61:13993003.02305-2022. [PMID: 36585255 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02305-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Davies
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M E Hyland
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - J W Lanario
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - R C Jones
- Plymouth Marjon University, Plymouth, UK
| | - M Masoli
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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10
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Joseph M, Wu Y, Dannebaum R, Rubelt F, Zlatareva I, Lorenc A, Du ZG, Davies D, Kyle-Cezar F, Das A, Gee S, Seow J, Graham C, Telman D, Bermejo C, Lin H, Asgharian H, Laing AG, del Molino del Barrio I, Monin L, Muñoz-Ruiz M, McKenzie DR, Hayday TS, Francos-Quijorna I, Kamdar S, Davis R, Sofra V, Cano F, Theodoridis E, Martinez L, Merrick B, Bisnauthsing K, Brooks K, Edgeworth J, Cason J, Mant C, Doores KJ, Vantourout P, Luong K, Berka J, Hayday AC. Global patterns of antigen receptor repertoire disruption across adaptive immune compartments in COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201541119. [PMID: 35943978 PMCID: PMC9407655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201541119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas pathogen-specific T and B cells are a primary focus of interest during infectious disease, we have used COVID-19 to ask whether their emergence comes at a cost of broader B cell and T cell repertoire disruption. We applied a genomic DNA-based approach to concurrently study the immunoglobulin-heavy (IGH) and T cell receptor (TCR) β and δ chain loci of 95 individuals. Our approach detected anticipated repertoire focusing for the IGH repertoire, including expansions of clusters of related sequences temporally aligned with SARS-CoV-2-specific seroconversion, and enrichment of some shared SARS-CoV-2-associated sequences. No significant age-related or disease severity-related deficiencies were noted for the IGH repertoire. By contrast, whereas focusing occurred at the TCRβ and TCRδ loci, including some TCRβ sequence-sharing, disruptive repertoire narrowing was almost entirely limited to many patients aged older than 50 y. By temporarily reducing T cell diversity and by risking expansions of nonbeneficial T cells, these traits may constitute an age-related risk factor for COVID-19, including a vulnerability to new variants for which T cells may provide key protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Joseph
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Yin Wu
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- cBreast Cancer Now Research Unit, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- dDepartment of Medical Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- eUCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Iva Zlatareva
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Lorenc
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel Davies
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- gDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Kyle-Cezar
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Das
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- hLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gee
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- iDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Graham
- iDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hai Lin
- fRoche Diagnostics Solutions, Pleasanton, CA, 94588
| | | | - Adam G. Laing
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Irene del Molino del Barrio
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- eUCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Monin
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan R. McKenzie
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Hayday
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Francos-Quijorna
- jRegeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Shraddha Kamdar
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Davis
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Sofra
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Florencia Cano
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios Theodoridis
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Martinez
- kResearch and Development Department, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Blair Merrick
- lCentre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Bisnauthsing
- kResearch and Development Department, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Brooks
- kResearch and Development Department, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- iDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- lCentre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - John Cason
- mInfectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Mant
- mInfectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J. Doores
- iDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Vantourout
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Khai Luong
- fRoche Diagnostics Solutions, Pleasanton, CA, 94588
| | - Jan Berka
- fRoche Diagnostics Solutions, Pleasanton, CA, 94588
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- aPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- bImmunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- 2To whom correspondence may be addressed.
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11
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Peterson T, Davies D, Koh K, Ren D, Rickard M, Singh‐Rachford T, Sun Y. POLYETHYLENE CROSSLINKING USING THE EPOXY‐ANHYDRIDE REACTION II. DEVELOPMENT OF A CHEMORHEOLOGICAL MODEL. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Davies
- The Dow Chemical Company, Chemical Science, Core R&D
| | - Kyoungmoo Koh
- DuPont de Nemours Inc, Performance Building Solution
| | - Dakai Ren
- The Dow Chemical Company, Dow Construction Chemicals
| | | | | | - Yabin Sun
- The Dow Chemical Company, Packaging, Specialty Plastics & Hydrocarbons R&D
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12
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Rigual-Hernández AS, Sierro FJ, Flores JA, Trull TW, Rodrigues T, Martrat B, Sikes EL, Nodder SD, Eriksen RS, Davies D, Bravo N, Sánchez-Santos JM, Abrantes F. Influence of environmental variability and Emiliania huxleyi ecotypes on alkenone-derived temperature reconstructions in the subantarctic Southern Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152474. [PMID: 34952068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain unsaturated alkenones produced by haptophyte algae are widely used as paleotemperature indicators. The unsaturation relationship to temperature is linear at mid-latitudes, however, non-linear responses detected in subpolar regions of both hemispheres have suggested complicating factors in these environments. To assess the influence of biotic and abiotic factors in alkenone production and preservation in the Subantarctic Zone, alkenone fluxes were quantified in three vertically-moored sediment traps deployed at the SOTS observatory (140°E, 47°S) during a year. Alkenone fluxes were compared with coccolithophore assemblages, satellite measurements and surface-water properties obtained by sensors at SOTS. Alkenone-based temperature reconstructions generally mirrored the seasonal variations of SSTs, except for late winter when significant deviations were observed (3-10 °C). Annual flux-weighted averages in the 3800 m trap returned alkenone-derived temperatures ~1.5 °C warmer than those derived from the 1000 m trap, a distortion attributed to surface production and signal preservation during its transit through the water column. Notably, changes in the relative abundance of E. huxleyi var. huxleyi were positively correlated with temperature deviations between the alkenone-derived temperatures and in situ SSTs (r = 0.6 and 0.7 at 1000 and 2000 m, respectively), while E. huxleyi var. aurorae, displayed an opposite trend. Our results suggest that E. huxleyi var. aurorae produces a higher proportion of C37:3 relative to C37:2 compared to its counterparts. Therefore, the dominance of var. aurorae south of the Subtropical Front could be at least partially responsible for the less accurate alkenone-based SST reconstructions in the Southern Ocean using global calibrations. However, the observed correlations were largely influenced by the samples collected during winter, a period characterized by low particle fluxes and slow sinking rates. Thus, it is likely that other factors such as selective degradation of the most unsaturated alkenones could also account for the deviations of the alkenone paleothermometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rigual-Hernández
- Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - F J Sierro
- Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - J A Flores
- Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - T W Trull
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre and Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - T Rodrigues
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Divisão de Geologia Marinha (DivGM), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, Lisboa, Portugal; CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - B Martrat
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E L Sikes
- Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S D Nodder
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - R S Eriksen
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - D Davies
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre and Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - N Bravo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Sánchez-Santos
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - F Abrantes
- Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Divisão de Geologia Marinha (DivGM), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, Lisboa, Portugal; CCMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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13
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Haq I, Davies D, Yao R, Welle GA, Singh M. EFFUSIVE-CONSTRICTIVE TUBERCULOUS PERICARDITIS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)03620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Davies D, Sandoval Y. A 78-YEAR-OLD FEMALE WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INJURY: MORE Q’S THAN A’S. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(22)03977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Badger K, Morrice R, Buckeldee O, Cotton N, Hunukumbure D, Mitchell O, Mustafa A, Oluwole E, Pahuja J, Davies D, Morrell MJ, Smith S, Leedham-Green K. "More than just a medical student": a mixed methods exploration of a structured volunteering programme for undergraduate medical students. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:1. [PMID: 34980091 PMCID: PMC8721190 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic Imperial College School of Medicine developed a structured volunteering programme involving 398 medical students, across eight teaching hospitals. This case study aims to explore the relationship between the processes, context, participant experiences and impacts of the programme so that lessons can be learned for future emergencies and service-learning programmes. METHODS Using an illuminative approach to evaluation we invited all volunteers and supervisors to complete a mixed-methods survey. This explored differences in experience across demographics and contextual factors, correlations between aspects of induction, supervision and overall experience, and reviewed the impacts of the programme. Quantitative responses were statistically analysed and qualitative reflections were thematically coded to triangulate and explain quantitative findings. Follow up interviews were carried out to check back findings and co-create conclusions. RESULTS We received responses from 61 students and 17 supervisors. Student participants described predominantly altruistic motivations and transformational changes to their professional identity driven by feeling included, having responsibility, and engaging in authentic workplace-based learning afforded by freedom from the assessed curriculum. They reported new perspectives on their future professional role within the multidisciplinary team and the value of workplace-based learning. They reported increases in wellbeing and self-esteem related to feeling included and valued, and positively contributing to service provision at a time of need. Significantly higher overall satisfaction was associated with a personalised induction, active supervision, earlier stage of training, and male gender. Gender-related differences were not explained through our data but have been reported elsewhere and warrant further study. The duration, intensity and type of role that volunteers performed was similar across demographics and did not appear to modulate their overall experience. CONCLUSIONS Whilst acknowledging the uniqueness of emergency volunteering and the survey response rate of 15% of volunteers, we suggest the features of a successful service-learning programme include: a learner-centred induction, regular contact with engaged and appreciative supervisors, and roles where students feel valued. Programmes in similar settings may find that service learning is most impactful earlier in medical students' training and that students with altruistic motivations and meaningful work may flourish without formal outcomes and assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Badger
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Rory Morrice
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Olivia Buckeldee
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Natalia Cotton
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Oliver Mitchell
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ebun Oluwole
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Juhee Pahuja
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Davies
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mary J Morrell
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sue Smith
- Medical Education Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
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16
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Schoombie S, Connan M, Dilley BJ, Davies D, Makhado AB, Ryan PG. Non-breeding distribution, activity patterns and moulting areas of Sooty Albatrosses (Phoebetria fusca) inferred from geolocators, satellite trackers and biochemical markers. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Shrotri M, Krutikov M, Palmer T, Giddings R, Azmi B, Subbarao S, Fuller C, Irwin-Singer A, Davies D, Tut G, Lopez Bernal J, Moss P, Hayward A, Copas A, Shallcross L. Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:1529-1538. [PMID: 34174193 PMCID: PMC8221738 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults living in long-term care facilities is uncertain. We investigated the protective effect of the first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca non-replicating viral-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; AZD1222) and the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based vaccine (BNT162b2) in residents of long-term care facilities in terms of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection over time since vaccination. METHODS The VIVALDI study is a prospective cohort study that commenced recruitment on June 11, 2020, to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, infection outcomes, and immunity in residents and staff in long-term care facilities in England that provide residential or nursing care for adults aged 65 years and older. In this cohort study, we included long-term care facility residents undergoing routine asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing between Dec 8, 2020 (the date the vaccine was first deployed in a long-term care facility), and March 15, 2021, using national testing data linked within the COVID-19 Datastore. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated the relative hazard of PCR-positive infection at 0-6 days, 7-13 days, 14-20 days, 21-27 days, 28-34 days, 35-48 days, and 49 days and beyond after vaccination, comparing unvaccinated and vaccinated person-time from the same cohort of residents, adjusting for age, sex, previous infection, local SARS-CoV-2 incidence, long-term care facility bed capacity, and clustering by long-term care facility. We also compared mean PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values for positive swabs obtained before and after vaccination. The study is registered with ISRCTN, number 14447421. FINDINGS 10 412 care home residents aged 65 years and older from 310 LTCFs were included in this analysis. The median participant age was 86 years (IQR 80-91), 7247 (69·6%) of 10 412 residents were female, and 1155 residents (11·1%) had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. 9160 (88·0%) residents received at least one vaccine dose, of whom 6138 (67·0%) received ChAdOx1 and 3022 (33·0%) received BNT162b2. Between Dec 8, 2020, and March 15, 2021, there were 36 352 PCR results in 670 628 person-days, and 1335 PCR-positive infections (713 in unvaccinated residents and 612 in vaccinated residents) were included. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for PCR-positive infection relative to unvaccinated residents declined from 28 days after the first vaccine dose to 0·44 (95% CI 0·24-0·81) at 28-34 days and 0·38 (0·19-0·77) at 35-48 days. Similar effect sizes were seen for ChAdOx1 (adjusted HR 0·32, 95% CI 0·15-0·66) and BNT162b2 (0·35, 0·17-0·71) vaccines at 35-48 days. Mean PCR Ct values were higher for infections that occurred at least 28 days after vaccination than for those occurring before vaccination (31·3 [SD 8·7] in 107 PCR-positive tests vs 26·6 [6·6] in 552 PCR-positive tests; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Single-dose vaccination with BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines provides substantial protection against infection in older adults from 4-7 weeks after vaccination and might reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the risk of infection is not eliminated, highlighting the ongoing need for non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent transmission in long-term care facilities. FUNDING UK Government Department of Health and Social Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Shrotri
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK; Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Tom Palmer
- UCL Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Borscha Azmi
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Gokhan Tut
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Hayward
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Healthcare, UCL, London, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- UCL Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
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18
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Shrotri M, Krutikov M, Palmer T, Giddings R, Azmi B, Subbarao S, Fuller C, Irwin-Singer A, Davies D, Tut G, Lopez Bernal J, Moss P, Hayward A, Copas A, Shallcross L. Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of long-term care facilities in England (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 34174193 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.26.21254391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in older adults living in long-term care facilities is uncertain. We investigated the protective effect of the first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca non-replicating viral-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; AZD1222) and the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA-based vaccine (BNT162b2) in residents of long-term care facilities in terms of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection over time since vaccination. METHODS The VIVALDI study is a prospective cohort study that commenced recruitment on June 11, 2020, to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, infection outcomes, and immunity in residents and staff in long-term care facilities in England that provide residential or nursing care for adults aged 65 years and older. In this cohort study, we included long-term care facility residents undergoing routine asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing between Dec 8, 2020 (the date the vaccine was first deployed in a long-term care facility), and March 15, 2021, using national testing data linked within the COVID-19 Datastore. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we estimated the relative hazard of PCR-positive infection at 0-6 days, 7-13 days, 14-20 days, 21-27 days, 28-34 days, 35-48 days, and 49 days and beyond after vaccination, comparing unvaccinated and vaccinated person-time from the same cohort of residents, adjusting for age, sex, previous infection, local SARS-CoV-2 incidence, long-term care facility bed capacity, and clustering by long-term care facility. We also compared mean PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values for positive swabs obtained before and after vaccination. The study is registered with ISRCTN, number 14447421. FINDINGS 10 412 care home residents aged 65 years and older from 310 LTCFs were included in this analysis. The median participant age was 86 years (IQR 80-91), 7247 (69·6%) of 10 412 residents were female, and 1155 residents (11·1%) had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. 9160 (88·0%) residents received at least one vaccine dose, of whom 6138 (67·0%) received ChAdOx1 and 3022 (33·0%) received BNT162b2. Between Dec 8, 2020, and March 15, 2021, there were 36 352 PCR results in 670 628 person-days, and 1335 PCR-positive infections (713 in unvaccinated residents and 612 in vaccinated residents) were included. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for PCR-positive infection relative to unvaccinated residents declined from 28 days after the first vaccine dose to 0·44 (95% CI 0·24-0·81) at 28-34 days and 0·38 (0·19-0·77) at 35-48 days. Similar effect sizes were seen for ChAdOx1 (adjusted HR 0·32, 95% CI 0·15-0·66) and BNT162b2 (0·35, 0·17-0·71) vaccines at 35-48 days. Mean PCR Ct values were higher for infections that occurred at least 28 days after vaccination than for those occurring before vaccination (31·3 [SD 8·7] in 107 PCR-positive tests vs 26·6 [6·6] in 552 PCR-positive tests; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Single-dose vaccination with BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines provides substantial protection against infection in older adults from 4-7 weeks after vaccination and might reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the risk of infection is not eliminated, highlighting the ongoing need for non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent transmission in long-term care facilities. FUNDING UK Government Department of Health and Social Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Shrotri
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK; Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Tom Palmer
- UCL Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Borscha Azmi
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Gokhan Tut
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Hayward
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Healthcare, UCL, London, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- UCL Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
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Raptis DA, Hanna T, Machairas N, Owen T, Davies D, Fusai GK. The Economic Burden of Postoperative Complications Predicted by the Comprehensive Complication Index ® in Patients Undergoing Elective Major Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery for Malignancy - A Prospective Cost Analysis. In Vivo 2021; 35:1065-1071. [PMID: 33622903 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Postoperative complications have a tremendous impact on in-hospital costs. The novel Comprehensive Complication Index® (CCI®) summarizes all complications together and is more sensitive than existing morbidity endpoints. The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of CCI® with in-hospital costs and externally validate a novel cost prediction calculator. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective study including consecutive patients undergoing elective major hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery for malignancy at a London tertiary referral hospital. A priori sample size and post-hoc power calculations were performed. RESULTS Thirty patients were included in the analysis, 14 were female, and the median age was 67 [interquartile range (IQR)=54-74] years. The median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 6 (IQR=5-8). Eighteen patients underwent liver, 9 pancreatic surgery and three a palliative bypass; 11 patients had a major complication (≥grade 3a) according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. The median CCI® was 30.2 (IQR=12.18-39.5). The mean cost per case was 13,908 (SD=4,600) GBP. There was no correlation between the Charlson Comorbidity Index or age with actual cost. However, there was very good correlation of actual cost with the CCI® (r=0.77, 95% confidence interval=0.57-0.89, p<0.001) as well as with the predicted cost (Clavien Cost Prediction Calculator) (r=0.70, 95% confidence interval=0.44-0.85, p<0.001). CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that complications are the most important predictor of overall cost in the setting of elective major HPB surgery for malignancy. Furthermore, CCI® and the novel Cost Prediction Calculator can be used in this setting to accurately predict costs using no additional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hanna
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Timothy Owen
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Daniel Davies
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Kito Fusai
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K.
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Monin L, Laing AG, Muñoz-Ruiz M, McKenzie DR, del Molino del Barrio I, Alaguthurai T, Domingo-Vila C, Hayday TS, Graham C, Seow J, Abdul-Jawad S, Kamdar S, Harvey-Jones E, Graham R, Cooper J, Khan M, Vidler J, Kakkassery H, Sinha S, Davis R, Dupont L, Francos Quijorna I, O'Brien-Gore C, Lee PL, Eum J, Conde Poole M, Joseph M, Davies D, Wu Y, Swampillai A, North BV, Montes A, Harries M, Rigg A, Spicer J, Malim MH, Fields P, Patten P, Di Rosa F, Papa S, Tree T, Doores KJ, Hayday AC, Irshad S. Safety and immunogenicity of one versus two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 for patients with cancer: interim analysis of a prospective observational study. Lancet Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045%2821%2900213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Monin L, Laing AG, Muñoz-Ruiz M, McKenzie DR, Del Molino Del Barrio I, Alaguthurai T, Domingo-Vila C, Hayday TS, Graham C, Seow J, Abdul-Jawad S, Kamdar S, Harvey-Jones E, Graham R, Cooper J, Khan M, Vidler J, Kakkassery H, Sinha S, Davis R, Dupont L, Francos Quijorna I, O'Brien-Gore C, Lee PL, Eum J, Conde Poole M, Joseph M, Davies D, Wu Y, Swampillai A, North BV, Montes A, Harries M, Rigg A, Spicer J, Malim MH, Fields P, Patten P, Di Rosa F, Papa S, Tree T, Doores KJ, Hayday AC, Irshad S. Safety and immunogenicity of one versus two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 for patients with cancer: interim analysis of a prospective observational study. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:765-778. [PMID: 33930323 PMCID: PMC8078907 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety profiles of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer is unknown. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in patients with cancer. METHODS For this prospective observational study, we recruited patients with cancer and healthy controls (mostly health-care workers) from three London hospitals between Dec 8, 2020, and Feb 18, 2021. Participants who were vaccinated between Dec 8 and Dec 29, 2020, received two 30 μg doses of BNT162b2 administered intramuscularly 21 days apart; patients vaccinated after this date received only one 30 μg dose with a planned follow-up boost at 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken before vaccination and at 3 weeks and 5 weeks after the first vaccination. Where possible, serial nasopharyngeal real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) swab tests were done every 10 days or in cases of symptomatic COVID-19. The coprimary endpoints were seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in patients with cancer following the first vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine and the effect of vaccine boosting after 21 days on seroconversion. All participants with available data were included in the safety and immunogenicity analyses. Ongoing follow-up is underway for further blood sampling after the delayed (12-week) vaccine boost. This study is registered with the NHS Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales (REC ID 20/HRA/2031). FINDINGS 151 patients with cancer (95 patients with solid cancer and 56 patients with haematological cancer) and 54 healthy controls were enrolled. For this interim data analysis of the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinated patients with cancer, samples and data obtained up to March 19, 2021, were analysed. After exclusion of 17 patients who had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (detected by either antibody seroconversion or a positive rRT-PCR COVID-19 swab test) from the immunogenicity analysis, the proportion of positive anti-S IgG titres at approximately 21 days following a single vaccine inoculum across the three cohorts were 32 (94%; 95% CI 81-98) of 34 healthy controls; 21 (38%; 26-51) of 56 patients with solid cancer, and eight (18%; 10-32) of 44 patients with haematological cancer. 16 healthy controls, 25 patients with solid cancer, and six patients with haematological cancer received a second dose on day 21. Of the patients with available blood samples 2 weeks following a 21-day vaccine boost, and excluding 17 participants with evidence of previous natural SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 18 (95%; 95% CI 75-99) of 19 patients with solid cancer, 12 (100%; 76-100) of 12 healthy controls, and three (60%; 23-88) of five patients with haematological cancers were seropositive, compared with ten (30%; 17-47) of 33, 18 (86%; 65-95) of 21, and four (11%; 4-25) of 36, respectively, who did not receive a boost. The vaccine was well tolerated; no toxicities were reported in 75 (54%) of 140 patients with cancer following the first dose of BNT162b2, and in 22 (71%) of 31 patients with cancer following the second dose. Similarly, no toxicities were reported in 15 (38%) of 40 healthy controls after the first dose and in five (31%) of 16 after the second dose. Injection-site pain within 7 days following the first dose was the most commonly reported local reaction (23 [35%] of 65 patients with cancer; 12 [48%] of 25 healthy controls). No vaccine-related deaths were reported. INTERPRETATION In patients with cancer, one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine yields poor efficacy. Immunogenicity increased significantly in patients with solid cancer within 2 weeks of a vaccine boost at day 21 after the first dose. These data support prioritisation of patients with cancer for an early (day 21) second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. FUNDING King's College London, Cancer Research UK, Wellcome Trust, Rosetrees Trust, and Francis Crick Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam G Laing
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Irene Del Molino Del Barrio
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thanussuyah Alaguthurai
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clara Domingo-Vila
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas S Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sultan Abdul-Jawad
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shraddha Kamdar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rosalind Graham
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Cooper
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Vidler
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helen Kakkassery
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shubhankar Sinha
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Davis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Liane Dupont
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isaac Francos Quijorna
- Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte O'Brien-Gore
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Josephine Eum
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Conde Poole
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Magdalene Joseph
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Davies
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ana Montes
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Harries
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne Rigg
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James Spicer
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Fields
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Piers Patten
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Papa
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Timothy Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Krutikov M, Palmer T, Tut G, Fuller C, Shrotri M, Williams H, Davies D, Irwin-Singer A, Robson J, Hayward A, Moss P, Copas A, Shallcross L. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to baseline antibody status in staff and residents of 100 long-term care facilities (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev 2021; 2:e362-e370. [PMID: 34104901 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.21253110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a major challenge for long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and many residents and staff are seropositive following persistent outbreaks. We aimed to investigate the association between the SARS-CoV-2 antibody status at baseline and subsequent infection in this population. METHODS We did a prospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff (aged <65 years) and residents (aged >65 years) at 100 LTCFs in England between Oct 1, 2020, and Feb 1, 2021. Blood samples were collected between June and November, 2020, at baseline, and 2 and 4 months thereafter and tested for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins. PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 was done weekly in staff and monthly in residents. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of a PCR-positive test by baseline antibody status, adjusted for age and sex, and stratified by LTCF. FINDINGS 682 residents from 86 LCTFs and 1429 staff members from 97 LTCFs met study inclusion criteria. At baseline, IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid were detected in 226 (33%) of 682 residents and 408 (29%) of 1429 staff members. 93 (20%) of 456 residents who were antibody-negative at baseline had a PCR-positive test (infection rate 0·054 per month at risk) compared with four (2%) of 226 residents who were antibody-positive at baseline (0·007 per month at risk). 111 (11%) of 1021 staff members who were antibody-negative at baseline had PCR-positive tests (0·042 per month at risk) compared with ten (2%) of 408 staff members who were antibody-positive staff at baseline (0·009 per month at risk). The risk of PCR-positive infection was higher for residents who were antibody-negative at baseline than residents who were antibody-positive at baseline (adjusted HR [aHR] 0·15, 95% CI 0·05-0·44, p=0·0006), and the risk of a PCR-positive infection was also higher for staff who were antibody-negative at baseline compared with staff who were antibody-positive at baseline (aHR 0·39, 0·19-0·82; p=0·012). 12 of 14 reinfected participants had available data on symptoms, and 11 of these participants were symptomatic. Antibody titres to spike and nucleocapsid proteins were comparable in PCR-positive and PCR-negative cases. INTERPRETATION The presence of IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid protein was associated with substantially reduced risk of reinfection in staff and residents for up to 10 months after primary infection. FUNDING UK Government Department of Health and Social Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krutikov
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Palmer
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gokhan Tut
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Fuller
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Madhumita Shrotri
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Hayward
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Shallcross
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
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Krutikov M, Palmer T, Tut G, Fuller C, Shrotri M, Williams H, Davies D, Irwin-Singer A, Robson J, Hayward A, Moss P, Copas A, Shallcross L. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to baseline antibody status in staff and residents of 100 long-term care facilities (VIVALDI): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev 2021; 2:e362-e370. [PMID: 34104901 PMCID: PMC8175048 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a major challenge for long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and many residents and staff are seropositive following persistent outbreaks. We aimed to investigate the association between the SARS-CoV-2 antibody status at baseline and subsequent infection in this population. METHODS We did a prospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff (aged <65 years) and residents (aged >65 years) at 100 LTCFs in England between Oct 1, 2020, and Feb 1, 2021. Blood samples were collected between June and November, 2020, at baseline, and 2 and 4 months thereafter and tested for IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins. PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 was done weekly in staff and monthly in residents. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of a PCR-positive test by baseline antibody status, adjusted for age and sex, and stratified by LTCF. FINDINGS 682 residents from 86 LCTFs and 1429 staff members from 97 LTCFs met study inclusion criteria. At baseline, IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid were detected in 226 (33%) of 682 residents and 408 (29%) of 1429 staff members. 93 (20%) of 456 residents who were antibody-negative at baseline had a PCR-positive test (infection rate 0·054 per month at risk) compared with four (2%) of 226 residents who were antibody-positive at baseline (0·007 per month at risk). 111 (11%) of 1021 staff members who were antibody-negative at baseline had PCR-positive tests (0·042 per month at risk) compared with ten (2%) of 408 staff members who were antibody-positive staff at baseline (0·009 per month at risk). The risk of PCR-positive infection was higher for residents who were antibody-negative at baseline than residents who were antibody-positive at baseline (adjusted HR [aHR] 0·15, 95% CI 0·05-0·44, p=0·0006), and the risk of a PCR-positive infection was also higher for staff who were antibody-negative at baseline compared with staff who were antibody-positive at baseline (aHR 0·39, 0·19-0·82; p=0·012). 12 of 14 reinfected participants had available data on symptoms, and 11 of these participants were symptomatic. Antibody titres to spike and nucleocapsid proteins were comparable in PCR-positive and PCR-negative cases. INTERPRETATION The presence of IgG antibodies to nucleocapsid protein was associated with substantially reduced risk of reinfection in staff and residents for up to 10 months after primary infection. FUNDING UK Government Department of Health and Social Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krutikov
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Palmer
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gokhan Tut
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Fuller
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Madhumita Shrotri
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Hayward
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Shallcross
- UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
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Davies D, Minamisawa M, Scott C, Grogan M, Dispenzieri A, Chareonthaitawee P, Shah A, Shah S, Solomon S, Redfield M, AbouEzzeddine O. A SIMPLE SCORE TO PREDICT TRANSTHYRETIN CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(21)01880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Steinfurth A, Oppel S, Dias MP, Starnes T, Pearmain EJ, Dilley BJ, Davies D, Nydegger M, Bell C, Le Bouard F, Bond AL, Cuthbert RJ, Glass T, Makhado AB, Crawford RJM, Ryan PG, Wanless RM, Ratcliffe N. Important marine areas for the conservation of northern rockhopper penguins within the Tristan da Cunha Exclusive Economic Zone. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The designation of Marine Protected Areas has become an important approach to conserving marine ecosystems that relies on robust information on the spatial distribution of biodiversity. We used GPS tracking data to identify marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) for the Endangered northern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes moseleyi within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Tristan da Cunha in the South Atlantic. Penguins were tracked throughout their breeding season from 3 of the 4 main islands in the Tristan da Cunha group. Foraging trips remained largely within the EEZ, with the exception of those from Gough Island during the incubation stage. We found substantial variability in trip duration and foraging range among breeding stages and islands, consistent use of areas among years and spatial segregation of the areas used by neighbouring islands. For colonies with no or insufficient tracking data, we defined marine IBAs based on the mean maximum foraging range and merged the areas identified to propose IBAs around the Tristan da Cunha archipelago and Gough Island. The 2 proposed marine IBAs encompass 2% of Tristan da Cunha’s EEZ, and are used by all northern rockhopper penguins breeding in the Tristan da Cunha group, representing ~90% of the global population. Currently, one of the main threats to northern rockhopper penguins within the Tristan da Cunha EEZ is marine pollution from shipping, and the risk of this would be reduced by declaring waters within 50 nautical miles of the coast as ‘areas to be avoided’.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steinfurth
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - S Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - MP Dias
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 1100-304 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Starnes
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - EJ Pearmain
- BirdLife International, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - BJ Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - D Davies
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - M Nydegger
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - C Bell
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - F Le Bouard
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - AL Bond
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Tring, HP23 6AP, UK
| | - RJ Cuthbert
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
- World Land Trust, Blyth House, Bridge Street, Halesworth, IP19 8AB, UK
| | - T Glass
- Tristan Conservation Department, Edinburgh of the Seven Seas, Tristan da Cunha, TDCU 1ZZ, South Atlantic
| | - AB Makhado
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, PO Box 52126, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - RJM Crawford
- Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries, PO Box 52126, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - PG Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - RM Wanless
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - N Ratcliffe
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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26
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Laing AG, Lorenc A, Del Molino Del Barrio I, Das A, Fish M, Monin L, Muñoz-Ruiz M, McKenzie DR, Hayday TS, Francos-Quijorna I, Kamdar S, Joseph M, Davies D, Davis R, Jennings A, Zlatareva I, Vantourout P, Wu Y, Sofra V, Cano F, Greco M, Theodoridis E, Freedman JD, Gee S, Chan JNE, Ryan S, Bugallo-Blanco E, Peterson P, Kisand K, Haljasmägi L, Chadli L, Moingeon P, Martinez L, Merrick B, Bisnauthsing K, Brooks K, Ibrahim MAA, Mason J, Lopez Gomez F, Babalola K, Abdul-Jawad S, Cason J, Mant C, Seow J, Graham C, Doores KJ, Di Rosa F, Edgeworth J, Shankar-Hari M, Hayday AC. Author Correction: A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis. Nat Med 2020; 26:1951. [PMID: 33247289 PMCID: PMC7694581 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-01186-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Laing
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Lorenc
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Del Molino Del Barrio
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Das
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Fish
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas S Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isaac Francos-Quijorna
- Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shraddha Kamdar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Magdalene Joseph
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Davies
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Davis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aislinn Jennings
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Iva Zlatareva
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre Vantourout
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Vasiliki Sofra
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Efstathios Theodoridis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua D Freedman
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Gee
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Nuo En Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Ryan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Bugallo-Blanco
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Loubna Chadli
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France
| | - Philippe Moingeon
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France
| | - Lauren Martinez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Blair Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen Bisnauthsing
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Brooks
- Infectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Mason
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Federico Lopez Gomez
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kola Babalola
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sultan Abdul-Jawad
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Cason
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Infectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Mant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Infectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. .,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. .,The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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27
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Laing AG, Lorenc A, Del Molino Del Barrio I, Das A, Fish M, Monin L, Muñoz-Ruiz M, McKenzie DR, Hayday TS, Francos-Quijorna I, Kamdar S, Joseph M, Davies D, Davis R, Jennings A, Zlatareva I, Vantourout P, Wu Y, Sofra V, Cano F, Greco M, Theodoridis E, Freedman JD, Gee S, Chan JNE, Ryan S, Bugallo-Blanco E, Peterson P, Kisand K, Haljasmägi L, Chadli L, Moingeon P, Martinez L, Merrick B, Bisnauthsing K, Brooks K, Ibrahim MAA, Mason J, Lopez Gomez F, Babalola K, Abdul-Jawad S, Cason J, Mant C, Seow J, Graham C, Doores KJ, Di Rosa F, Edgeworth J, Shankar-Hari M, Hayday AC. A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis. Nat Med 2020; 26:1623-1635. [PMID: 32807934 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding and management of COVID-19, a potentially life-threatening disease, could greatly reduce the threat posed by its etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2. Toward this end, we have identified a core peripheral blood immune signature across 63 hospital-treated patients with COVID-19 who were otherwise highly heterogeneous. The signature includes discrete changes in B and myelomonocytic cell composition, profoundly altered T cell phenotypes, selective cytokine/chemokine upregulation and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Some signature traits identify links with other settings of immunoprotection and immunopathology; others, including basophil and plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion, correlate strongly with disease severity; while a third set of traits, including a triad of IP-10, interleukin-10 and interleukin-6, anticipate subsequent clinical progression. Hence, contingent upon independent validation in other COVID-19 cohorts, individual traits within this signature may collectively and individually guide treatment options; offer insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis; and aid early, risk-based patient stratification that is particularly beneficial in phasic diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Laing
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Lorenc
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Del Molino Del Barrio
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Das
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Fish
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas S Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isaac Francos-Quijorna
- Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shraddha Kamdar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Magdalene Joseph
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Davies
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Davis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aislinn Jennings
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Iva Zlatareva
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre Vantourout
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Vasiliki Sofra
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Efstathios Theodoridis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua D Freedman
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Gee
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Nuo En Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Ryan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Bugallo-Blanco
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Loubna Chadli
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France
| | - Philippe Moingeon
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France
| | - Lauren Martinez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Blair Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen Bisnauthsing
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Brooks
- Infectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Mason
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Federico Lopez Gomez
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kola Babalola
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sultan Abdul-Jawad
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Cason
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Infectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Mant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Infectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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28
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Requena S, Oppel S, Bond AL, Hall J, Cleeland J, Crawford RJM, Davies D, Dilley BJ, Glass T, Makhado A, Ratcliffe N, Reid TA, Ronconi RA, Schofield A, Steinfurth A, Wege M, Bester M, Ryan PG. Marine hotspots of activity inform protection of a threatened community of pelagic species in a large oceanic jurisdiction. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Requena
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - S. Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - A. L. Bond
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
- Bird Group Department of Life Sciences The National History Museum Tring UK
| | - J. Hall
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - J. Cleeland
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - R. J. M. Crawford
- Department of Environmental Affairs Branch Oceans and Coasts Cape Town South Africa
| | - D. Davies
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - B. J. Dilley
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - T. Glass
- Tristan da Cunha Conservation Department Edinburgh of the Seven Seas Tristan da Cunha
| | - A. Makhado
- Department of Environmental Affairs Branch Oceans and Coasts Cape Town South Africa
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | | | - T. A. Reid
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - R. A. Ronconi
- Department of Biology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Service Environment and Climate Change Canada Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada
| | - A. Schofield
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - A. Steinfurth
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - M. Wege
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - M. Bester
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - P. G. Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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29
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Laing AG, Lorenc A, Del Molino Del Barrio I, Das A, Fish M, Monin L, Muñoz-Ruiz M, McKenzie DR, Hayday TS, Francos-Quijorna I, Kamdar S, Joseph M, Davies D, Davis R, Jennings A, Zlatareva I, Vantourout P, Wu Y, Sofra V, Cano F, Greco M, Theodoridis E, Freedman J, Gee S, Chan JNE, Ryan S, Bugallo-Blanco E, Peterson P, Kisand K, Haljasmägi L, Chadli L, Moingeon P, Martinez L, Merrick B, Bisnauthsing K, Brooks K, Ibrahim MAA, Mason J, Lopez Gomez F, Babalola K, Abdul-Jawad S, Cason J, Mant C, Seow J, Graham C, Doores KJ, Di Rosa F, Edgeworth J, Shankar-Hari M, Hayday AC. Author Correction: A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis. Nat Med 2020; 26. [PMID: 32908251 PMCID: PMC7479399 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1038-6 10.1038/s41591-020-1079-x 10.1038/s41591-020-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Laing
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Lorenc
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Irene Del Molino Del Barrio
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abhishek Das
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Fish
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Thomas S Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isaac Francos-Quijorna
- Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shraddha Kamdar
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Magdalene Joseph
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Davies
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Davis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aislinn Jennings
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Iva Zlatareva
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pierre Vantourout
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Vasiliki Sofra
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Efstathios Theodoridis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Freedman
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Gee
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Nuo En Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Ryan
- Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Bugallo-Blanco
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Loubna Chadli
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France
| | - Philippe Moingeon
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France
| | - Lauren Martinez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Blair Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Karen Bisnauthsing
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Brooks
- Infectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Mason
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Federico Lopez Gomez
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kola Babalola
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sultan Abdul-Jawad
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Cason
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Infectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Mant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Infectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Adrian C Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Bester MN, Dilley BJ, Davies D, Glass T. Sub-Antarctic fur seals depredate northern rockhopper penguins at Nightingale Island, Tristan da Cunha. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sharain K, Jain CC, Davies D, Dispenzieri A, Grogan M, AbouEzzeddine O. 99MTECHNETIUM-PYROPHOSPHATE CARDIAC SCINTIGRAPHY: NOT ALL THAT GLITTERS IS TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOID. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Campbell JA, Hensher M, Davies D, Green M, Hagan B, Jordan I, Venn A, Kuzminov A, Neil A, Wilkinson S, Palmer AJ. Long-Term Inpatient Hospital Utilisation and Costs (2007-2008 to 2015-2016) for Publicly Waitlisted Bariatric Surgery Patients in an Australian Public Hospital System Based on Australia's Activity-Based Funding Model. Pharmacoecon Open 2019; 3:599-618. [PMID: 31190236 PMCID: PMC6861543 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-019-0140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the Australian public hospital setting, no studies have previously reported total hospital utilisation and costs (pre/postoperatively) and costed patient-level pathways for primary bariatric surgery and surgical sequelae (including secondary surgery) informed by Australia's Independent Hospital Pricing Authority's activity-based funding (ABF) model. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide our Tasmanian state government partner with information regarding key evidence gaps about the resource use and costs of bariatric surgery (including pre- and postoperatively, types of surgery and comorbidities), the costs of surgical sequelae and policy direction regarding the types of bariatric surgery offered within the Tasmanian public hospital system. METHODS Hospital inpatient length of stay (days), episodes of care (number) and aggregated cost data were extracted for people who were waiting for and subsequently received bariatric surgery (for the fiscal years 2007-2008 to 2015-2016) from administrative sources routinely collected, clinically coded/costed according to ABF. Aggregated ABF costs were expressed in 2016-2017 Australian dollars ($A). Sensitivity (cost outliers) and subgroup analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 105 patients entered the study. Total costs (pre/postoperative over 8 years) for all inpatient episodes of care (n = 779 episodes of care) were $A6,018,349. When the ten cost outliers were omitted from the total cost, this cost reduced to $A4,749,265. Mean costs for primary laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) bariatric surgery were $A14,622 and $A15,014, respectively. The average cost/episode of care for people with diabetes decreased in the first year postoperatively, from $A7258 to $A5830/episode of care. In total, 27 LAGB patients (30%) required surgery due to surgical sequelae (including revisional/secondary surgery; n = 58 episodes of care) and 56% of these episodes of care were secondary LAGB device related (mostly port/reservoir related), with a mean cost of $A6267. CONCLUSIONS Taking into account our small SG sample size and the short time horizon for investigating surgical sequalae for SG, costs may be mitigated in the Tasmanian public hospital system by substituting LAGB with SG when clinically appropriate due to costs associated with the LAGB device for some patients. At 3 years postoperatively versus preoperatively, episodes of care and costs reduced substantially, particularly for people with diabetes/cardiovascular disease. We recommend that a larger confirmatory study of bariatric surgery including LAGB and SG be undertaken of disaggregated ABF costs in the Tasmanian public hospital system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Campbell
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences, 2 Building, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Martin Hensher
- Department of Health (DoH), Level 2, 22 Elizabeth Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Daniel Davies
- Department of Health (DoH), Level 2, 22 Elizabeth Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Matthew Green
- Department of Health (DoH), Level 2, 22 Elizabeth Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Barry Hagan
- Department of Health (DoH), Level 2, 22 Elizabeth Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Ian Jordan
- Department of Health (DoH), Level 2, 22 Elizabeth Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences, 2 Building, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Alexandr Kuzminov
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences, 2 Building, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Amanda Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences, 2 Building, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilkinson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, 48 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Sciences, 2 Building, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
- Centre for Health Policy, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.
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Trzaskowski M, Mehta D, Peyrot W, Hawkes D, Davies D, Howard D, Kemper KE, Sidorenko J, Maier R, Ripke S, Mattheisen M, Baune BT, Grabe HJ, Heath AC, Jones L, Jones I, Madden PAF, McIntosh AM, Breen G, Lewis CM, Børglum AD, Sullivan PF, Martin NG, Kendler KS, Levinson DF, Wray NR. Quantifying between-cohort and between-sex genetic heterogeneity in major depressive disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:439-447. [PMID: 30708398 PMCID: PMC6675638 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is clinically heterogeneous with prevalence rates twice as high in women as in men. There are many possible sources of heterogeneity in MDD most of which are not measured in a sufficiently comparable way across study samples. Here, we assess genetic heterogeneity based on two fundamental measures, between-cohort and between-sex heterogeneity. First, we used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to investigate between-cohort genetic heterogeneity using the 29 research cohorts of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC; N cases = 16,823, N controls = 25,632) and found that some of the cohort heterogeneity can be attributed to ascertainment differences (such as recruitment of cases from hospital vs. community sources). Second, we evaluated between-sex genetic heterogeneity using GWAS summary statistics from the PGC, Kaiser Permanente GERA, UK Biobank, and the Danish iPSYCH studies but did not find convincing evidence for genetic differences between the sexes. We conclude that there is no evidence that the heterogeneity between MDD data sets and between sexes reflects genetic heterogeneity. Larger sample sizes with detailed phenotypic records and genomic data remain the key to overcome heterogeneity inherent in assessment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Trzaskowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Divya Mehta
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wouter Peyrot
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center and GGZ in Geest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Hawkes
- AGRF, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Davies
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Developmental Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | - David Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E. Kemper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Maier
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Lisa Jones
- Institute of Health & Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela AF Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR BRC for Mental Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and iSEQ-Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Douglas F. Levinson
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Stevens AR, Su Z, Toman E, Belli A, Davies D. Optical pupillometry in traumatic brain injury: neurological pupil index and its relationship with intracranial pressure through significant event analysis. Brain Inj 2019; 33:1032-1038. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1605621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Stevens
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Z. Su
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E. Toman
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Belli
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D. Davies
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Davies D, Martin S, Hoey SE. Utility of radiopaque urinary catheter placement before computed tomographic examination in two dogs with multiple pelvic fractures. Vet rec case rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Davies
- Veterinary Diagnostic ImagingUniversity College Dublin School of Veterinary MedicineDublinIreland
| | - Stephen Martin
- Small Animal SurgeryUniversity College Dublin School of Veterinary MedicineDublinIreland
| | - Séamus Edward Hoey
- Veterinary Diagnostic ImagingUniversity College Dublin School of Veterinary MedicineDublinIreland
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Gray DL, Davies D, Diao Y. Can we leave out the spaghetti? Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767318096204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Basran G, McGivern D, Hanley S, Davies D. The Efficacy of Budesonide and Beclomethasone Dipropionate, Delivered via a Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler, in the Treatment of Perennial Rhinitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2500/105065895781808838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 28 adult patients (19 women, nine men; mean age 28.5 years, range 15–63 years) with a diagnosis of perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis (mean duration of symptoms 4.0 years, range 1–20 years) were recruited into this randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Eighteen patients (64%) were atopic for common allergens. The efficacy of budesonide nasal aerosol (Rhinocort®) and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP; Beconase®) was compared using nominal doses of 200 μg (b.i.d.) for each drug administered every morning and evening. Following a 2-week run-in period, patients were randomly-divided into two groups and treated for 4 weeks with either BDP or budesonide. After the crossover, patients then received the second drug for the remaining 4 weeks of the trial. Response to the treatment regimens was assessed by subjective symptom scoring and nasal peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) measurements. Budesonide and BDP reduced all nasal symptom scores and improved nasal PEF compared to the run-in period. During budesonide therapy, significantly less sleep disturbance, lower evening and morning nasal blockage scores, and greater nasal PEF values in the evening were recorded than for BDP. Following crossover, patients who were treated with budesonide in the second part of the trial demonstrated significantly improved nasal blockage scores and evening nasal PEF in contrast to those who received BDP during the latter part of the study. The number of adverse events reported during the trial was equal for both drugs and those noted tended to be mild. In conclusion, although the symptoms of perennial rhinitis were well controlled by both budesonide and BDP, the predominant symptom of nasal blockage was managed more effectively with budesonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.S. Basran
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - D.V. McGivern
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S. Hanley
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - D. Davies
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Davies D, Kullo I. SITOSTEROLEMIA: A RARE CAUSE OF PREMATURE CORONARY HEART DISEASE. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
SummaryUptake by bone of 99mTc-labeled pyrophosphate (PPj) and ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) involves passage through capillaries in the Haversian system, extracellular fluid space, and membrane of osteoblasts before adsorption onto available apatite surfaces. Passage through capillaries was studied by the outflow-dilution technique in a canine tibia model in mongrel dogs. slCr-labeled albumin (nondiffusible reference tracer), sucrose (diffusible reference tracer), PPi, and EHDP were injected into the isolated nutrient tibial artery. Blood was collected from the ipsilateral femoral vein every 15 sec for 2 min. Emax, the apparent extraction at the time of the peaks of the dilution curves, is influenced little by back diffusion; for PP, Emax (mean ± SD) = 0.42 ± 0.08 (N = 4); for EHDP, Emax = 0.27 ± 0.05 (N - 10). Net extraction (apparent fractional retention by (pone at 2 min) was 0.36 ± 0.1 for PP. Emax for 8sSr chloride and 18F sodium in our laboratory is 0.69 ± 0.11 (N = 14) and 0.70 ± 0.008 (N = 9), respectively. Permeabilities (P) were calculated by PS = -Fs loge (1-Emax), where Fs = plasma flow and S = capillary surface; the ratio of P for EHDP to P for sucrose was 0.71 which is similar to the ratio of diffusion coefficients, 0.78. The data suggest that EHDP and probably also PPj pass through the capillaries by passive diffusion. As expected, the extraction through capillary walls for EHDP and PPj was lower than that for 8SSr and 18F because of their larger molecular size.
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Peluso M, Kellett A, Davies D, Samaan J, Brewer T, Van Schalkwyk S, Garg B, Mayanja-Kizza H, Margolis C, Rohrbaugh R. Towards a Universal Medical Education Global Health Curriculum: Update on
the Bellagio Global Health Education Initiative. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Succony L, Gowers KHC, Hynds RE, Thakrar R, Giangreco A, Davies D, Janes S. S9 The role of LRIG1-dependent EGFR signalling in airway homoeostasis and squamous cell lung cancer development. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Madeo M, Davies D, Johnson G, Owen E, Wadsworth P, Martin C. The impact of using silver alloy urinary catheters in reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections in the critical care setting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/14690446040050010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
prospective study was undertaken on three critical care units to establish the efficacy of using a silver alloy urinary catheter in reducing the incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infections. Some 188 patients participated in the evaluation (94 in each group). A urine sample was obtained post insertion and every three days while on the critical care unit to detect bacteriuria. The infection rate was 12.65 in the standard group and 11.32 in the silver alloy group per 1000 catheter days respectively. The mean duration of catheterisation was 16 days (inter-quartile range 13). Gram positive cocci were responsible for 24.5% of the bacteriuria, Gram negatives 64.5% and yeasts accounted for 11%. Based on these results, routine use of silver alloy catheters cannot be justified for all patients, but may be suited to high-risk female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Madeo
- Nurse Consultant Infection Control, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Analby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ
| | - D. Davies
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Analby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ
| | - G. Johnson
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Analby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ
| | - E. Owen
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Analby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ
| | - P. Wadsworth
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Analby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ
| | - C.R. Martin
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Analby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ
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Khalifa N, Talbot E, Schneider J, Walker DM, Bates P, Bird Y, Davies D, Brookes C, Hall J, Völlm B. Individual placement and support (IPS) for patients with offending histories: the IPSOH feasibility cluster randomised trial protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012710. [PMID: 27449894 PMCID: PMC4964185 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with involvement in forensic psychiatric services face many obstacles to employment, arising from their offending, as well as their mental health problems. This study aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of individual placement and support (IPS), in improving employment rates and associated psychosocial outcomes in forensic psychiatric populations. IPS has been found consistently to achieve employment rates above 50% in psychiatric patients without a history of involvement in criminal justice services. METHODS/DESIGN This is a single-centre feasibility cluster RCT. Clusters will be defined according to clinical services in the community forensic services of Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (NHCT). IPS will be implemented into 2 of the randomly assigned intervention clusters in the community forensic services of NHCT. A feasibility cluster RCT will estimate the parameters required to design a full RCT. The primary outcome is the proportion of people in open employment at 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures will include employment, educational activities, psychosocial and economic outcomes, as well as reoffending rates. Outcome measures will be recorded at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. In accordance with the UK Medical Research Council guidelines on the evaluation of complex interventions, a process evaluation will be carried out; qualitative interviews with patients and staff will explore general views of IPS as well as barriers and facilitators to implementation. Fidelity reviews will assess the extent to which the services follow the principles of IPS prior, during and at the end of the trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the East Midlands Research Ethics Committee-Nottingham 1 (REC reference number 15/EM/0253). Final and interim reports will be prepared for project funders, the study sponsor and clinical research network. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and event presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02442193; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khalifa
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Talbot
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Schneider
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
| | - D M Walker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Bates
- Patient and Public Involvement Lead, Nottingham, UK
| | - Y Bird
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Davies
- Leicestershire and Rutland Probation Trust, Leicestershire, UK
| | - C Brookes
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J Hall
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - B Völlm
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
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Liu J, Bier E, Wilson A, Guerra-Gomez JA, Honda T, Sricharan K, Gilpin L, Davies D. Graph Analysis for Detecting Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in Healthcare Data. AI MAG 2016. [DOI: 10.1609/aimag.v37i2.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Detection of fraud, waste, and abuse (FWA) is an important yet challenging problem. In this article, we describe a system to detect suspicious activities in large healthcare datasets. Each healthcare dataset is viewed as a heterogeneous network consisting of millions of patients, hundreds of thousands of doctors, tens of thousands of pharmacies, and other entities. Graph analysis techniques are developed to find suspicious individuals, suspicious relationships between individuals, unusual changes over time, unusual geospatial dispersion, and anomalous network structure. The visualization interface, known as the Network Explorer, provides a good overview of data and enables users to filter, select, and zoom into network details on demand. The system has been deployed on multiple sites and datasets, both government and commercial, and identified many overpayments with a potential value of several million dollars per month.
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Barton M, Shen A, O'Brien K, Robinson J, Davies D, Simpson K, Asztalos E, Langley J, Le Saux N, Sauve R, Synnes A, Tan B, de Repentigny L, Rubin E, Hui C, Kovacs L, Yau Y, Richardson S. 55: Early Onset Neonatal Candidiasis in Preterm Infants: Perinatal Factors, Disease Severity and Outcome. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hill A, Tezera L, Blume C, Grainge C, Davies D, Swindle E. S90 Role For Il-1alpha In Viral-induced Inflammatory Responses In A Co-culture Model Of The Airway Mucosa. Thorax 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206260.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Steele R, Siden H, Cadell S, Davies B, Andrews G, Feichtinger L, Singh M, Spicer S, Goez H, Davies D, Rapoport A, Vadeboncoeur C, Liben S, Gregoire MC, Schwantes S, Friedrichsdorf SJ. Charting the territory: symptoms and functional assessment in children with progressive, non-curable conditions. Arch Dis Child 2014; 99:754-62. [PMID: 24833792 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with progressive, non-curable genetic, metabolic, or neurological conditions require specialised care to enhance their quality of life. Prevention and relief of physical symptoms for these children needs to begin at diagnosis, yet, little is known about their patterns of symptoms and functional abilities. AIM To describe these children's symptoms, as well as how the children's condition affects them physically. DESIGN Cross-sectional, baseline results from an observational, longitudinal study, Charting the Territory, that followed 275 children and their families. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Seven tertiary care children's hospitals in Canada, 2 in the USA. Families were eligible based on the child's condition. A total of 275 children from 258 families participated. RESULTS The 3 most common symptoms in these children were pain, sleep problems, and feeding difficulties; on average, they had 3.2 symptoms of concern. There was a pattern of under-reporting of children's symptoms for clinicians compared with parents. Regardless of use of associated medications, pain, feeding and constipation symptoms were often frequent and distressing. Children with a G/J tube had a higher total number of symptoms, and respiratory problems, pain, feeding difficulties and constipation were more likely to occur. They also tended to have frequent and distressing symptoms, and to need extensive mobility modifications which, in turn, were associated with higher numbers of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These children experience multiple symptoms that have been previously documented individually, but not collectively. Effective interventions are needed to reduce their symptom burden. Future longitudinal analyses will examine which disease-modifying interventions improve, or do not improve, symptom burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Steele
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harold Siden
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia; Canuck Place Children's Hospice, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Developmental Neuroscience and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan Cadell
- School of Social Work, Renison University College-University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty Davies
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gail Andrews
- Developmental Neuroscience and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leanne Feichtinger
- Developmental Neuroscience and Child Health, Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mina Singh
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Berry N, Sewell B, Jafri S, Puli C, Vagia S, Lewis A, Davies D, Rees E, Ch'ng C. Real-time polymerase chain reaction correlates well with clinical diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2014; 87:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kumaran K, Reichert A, Davies D, Ellinger M, Conway L, Mayan M, Alvadj-Korenic T. 58: Delivering Palliative Care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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