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Trebuňová M, Kottfer D, Kyziol K, Kaňuchová M, Medveď D, Džunda R, Kianicová M, Rusinko L, Breznická A, Csatáryová M. The WC and CrC Coatings Deposited from Carbonyls Using PE CVD Method-Structure and Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5044. [PMID: 37512319 PMCID: PMC10385987 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a comparative study of WC and CrC coatings deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor method using the hexacarbonyls of W and Cr as precursors. The measured thicknesses of the WC and CrC coatings are equal to ca. 1.5 µm. The WC coating consists of microcolumns with a conical end, with gaps between the microcolumns up to approximately 100 nm, and their structure is formed by nanoparticles in the shape of globules with a diameter of up to 10 nm. In the case of the CrC coating, a cauliflower structure with gaps ranging from 20 to 100 nm was achieved. The diameter of cauliflower grains is from 50 nm to 300 nm. The C content in the WC and CrC coating is 66.5 at.% and 75.5 at.%. The W content is 1.4 at.% and the Cr content in the CrC coating is 1.2 at.%. The hardness and Young's modulus of the WC coating are equal to 9.2 ± 1.2 GPa 440.2 ± 14.2 GPa, respectively. The coefficients of friction and wear volume of the WC coating are equal to 0.7 and -1.6 × 106/+3.3 × 106 µm3, respectively. The hardness and Young's modulus of the CrC coating are 7.5 ± 1.2 GPa and 280 ± 18.5 GPa, respectively. The coefficients of friction and wear volume of the CrC coating are 0.72 and -18.84 × 106/+0.35 × 106 µm3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Trebuňová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Kottfer
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ku Kyselke 469, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kyziol
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Modelling, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30 059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mária Kaňuchová
- Raw Materials Processing Department, Institute of Mountainous Sciences and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnology, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenskeho 19, 043 84 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dávid Medveď
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Džunda
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marta Kianicová
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ku Kyselke 469, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - Lukáš Rusinko
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ku Kyselke 469, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - Alena Breznická
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ku Kyselke 469, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - Mária Csatáryová
- Department of Physics, Mathematics and Technologies, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Ul. 17 Novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
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Horňák P, Kottfer D, Kyzioł K, Trebuňová M, Kaňuchová M, Kaczmarek L, Jasenák J, Hašuľ J, Rusinko L. The Effect of Annealing Temperatures on Selected Properties of WC/C Coatings, Deposited Using Hexacarbonyl Wolfram in an N 2-SiH 4 Atmosphere. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:4658. [PMID: 34443181 PMCID: PMC8401557 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of an experimental study on WC/C coatings, deposited by using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in an N2-SiH4 atmosphere, annealed at temperatures of 200, 500 and 800 °C, in which the hexacarbonyl of W was used as a precursor. During the experiments, the topography, chemical composition, morphology, as well as selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, Young's modulus, and coefficient of friction of the WC/C coatings were analyzed. Annealing without the protective atmosphere in the mentioned temperatures caused a decrease in hardness (up to 15 ± 2.7 GPa). In addition, the coefficient of friction value increased only to 0.37 ± 0.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horňák
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Industrial Technologies, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, I. Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia;
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Materials Research, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Kottfer
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ku Kyselke 469, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia;
| | - Karol Kyzioł
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Marianna Trebuňová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Mária Kaňuchová
- Process Control and Geotechnology, e Institute of Mountainous Sciences and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenskeho 19, 043 84 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Lukasz Kaczmarek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego Str., 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Jozef Jasenák
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Special Technology, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Ku Kyselke 469, 911 06 Trenčín, Slovakia;
| | - Ján Hašuľ
- Department of Technologies, Materials and Computer Aided Production, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.H.); (L.R.)
| | - Lukáš Rusinko
- Department of Technologies, Materials and Computer Aided Production, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.H.); (L.R.)
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Horňák P, Kottfer D, Kyzioł K, Trebuňová M, Majerníková J, Kaczmarek Ł, Trebuňa J, Hašuľ J, Paľo M. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Annealed WC/C PECVD Coatings Deposited Using Hexacarbonyl of W with Different Gases. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13163576. [PMID: 32823605 PMCID: PMC7476016 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work studies the tungsten carbide (WC/C) coatings deposited by using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), with and without gases of Ar and N2. Volatile hexacarbonyl of W was used as a precursor. Their mechanical and tribological properties were evaluated. The following values were obtained by using deposition process with N2 of HIT = 19.7 ± 4.1 GPa, EIT = 221 ± 2.1 GPa, and coefficient of friction (COF) = 0.35 ± 0.09. Secondly, deposition without the aforementioned gas obtained values of HIT = 20.9 ± 2 GPa, EIT = 292 ± 20 GPa, and COF = 0.69 ± 0.05. WC/C coatings were annealed at temperatures of 200, 500, and 800 °C, respectively. Evaluated factors include the introduced properties, the observed morphology, and the structural composition of WC/C coatings. The process of degradation was carried out by using various velocities, depending on used gases and annealing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horňák
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Industrial Technologies, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, I. Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia;
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Kottfer
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.M.); (J.T.); (J.H.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-55-602-3514
| | - Karol Kyzioł
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Modelling, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Marianna Trebuňová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Janka Majerníková
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.M.); (J.T.); (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15 Stefanowskiego Str., 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Jozef Trebuňa
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.M.); (J.T.); (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Ján Hašuľ
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.M.); (J.T.); (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Miroslav Paľo
- Department of Mechanical Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Mäsiarska 74, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (J.M.); (J.T.); (J.H.); (M.P.)
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