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König R, Kolte A, Ahlers O, Oswald M, Krauss V, Roell D, Sommerfeld O, Dimopoulos G, Tsangaris I, Antoniadou E, Jaishankar N, Bogatsch H, Löffler M, Rödel M, Garcia-Moreno M, Tuchscherr L, Sprung CL, Singer M, Brunkhorst F, Oppert M, Gerlach H, Claus RA, Coldewey SM, Briegel J, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Keh D, Bauer M. Use of IFNγ/IL10 Ratio for Stratification of Hydrocortisone Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607217. [PMID: 33767693 PMCID: PMC7985546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large clinical trials testing hydrocortisone therapy in septic shock have produced conflicting results. Subgroups may benefit of hydrocortisone treatment depending on their individual immune response. We performed an exploratory analysis of the database from the international randomized controlled clinical trial Corticosteroid Therapy of Septic Shock (CORTICUS) employing machine learning to a panel of 137 variables collected from the Berlin subcohort comprising 83 patients including demographic and clinical measures, organ failure scores, leukocyte counts and levels of circulating cytokines. The identified theranostic marker was validated against data from a cohort of the Hellenic Sepsis Study Group (HSSG) (n = 246), patients enrolled in the clinical trial of Sodium Selenite and Procalcitonin Guided Antimicrobial Therapy in Severe Sepsis (SISPCT, n = 118), and another, smaller clinical trial (Crossover study, n = 20). In addition, in vitro blood culture experiments and in vivo experiments in mouse models were performed to assess biological plausibility. A low serum IFNγ/IL10 ratio predicted increased survival in the hydrocortisone group whereas a high ratio predicted better survival in the placebo group. Using this marker for a decision rule, we applied it to three validation sets and observed the same trend. Experimental studies in vitro revealed that IFNγ/IL10 was negatively associated with the load of (heat inactivated) pathogens in spiked human blood and in septic mouse models. Accordingly, an in silico analysis of published IFNγ and IL10 values in bacteremic and non-bacteremic patients with the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome supported this association between the ratio and pathogen burden. We propose IFNγ/IL10 as a molecular marker supporting the decision to administer hydrocortisone to patients in septic shock. Prospective clinical studies are necessary and standard operating procedures need to be implemented, particularly to define a generic threshold. If confirmed, IFNγ/IL10 may become a suitable theranostic marker for an urging clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amol Kolte
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Ahlers
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Oswald
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Veiko Krauss
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Roell
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Sommerfeld
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - George Dimopoulos
- 2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iraklis Tsangaris
- 2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Antoniadou
- Intensive Care Unit, “George Gennimatas” Thessaloniki General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Neeraja Jaishankar
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Markus Löffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Rödel
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Lorena Tuchscherr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Charles L. Sprung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Division of Medicine, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Brunkhorst
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Oppert
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Herwig Gerlach
- Department of Anesthesia, Operative Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Management, Vivantes Neukölln Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf A. Claus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Josef Briegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Didier Keh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Roell D, Rösler TW, Hessenkemper W, Kraft F, Hauschild M, Bartsch S, Abraham TE, Houtsmuller AB, Matusch R, van Royen ME, Baniahmad A. Halogen-substituted anthranilic acid derivatives provide a novel chemical platform for androgen receptor antagonists. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:59-70. [PMID: 30615932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonists are used for hormone therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). However resistance to the treatment occurs eventually. One possible reason is the occurrence of AR mutations that prevent inhibition of AR-mediated transactivation by antagonists. To offer in future more options to inhibit AR signaling, novel chemical lead structures for new AR antagonists would be beneficial. Here we analyzed structure-activity relationships of a battery of 36 non-steroidal structural variants of methyl anthranilate including 23 synthesized compounds. We identified structural requirements that lead to more potent AR antagonists. Specific compounds inhibit the transactivation of wild-type AR as well as AR mutants that render treatment resistance to hydroxyflutamide, bicalutamide and the second-generation AR antagonist enzalutamide. This suggests a distinct mode of inhibiting the AR compared to the clinically used compounds. Competition assays suggest binding of these compounds to the AR ligand binding domain and inhibit PCa cell proliferation. Moreover, active compounds induce cellular senescence despite inhibition of AR-mediated transactivation indicating a transactivation-independent AR-pathway. In line with this, fluorescence resonance after photobleaching (FRAP) - assays reveal higher mobility of the AR in the cell nuclei. Mechanistically, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) - assays indicate that the amino-carboxy (N/C)-interaction of the AR is not affected, which is in contrast to known AR-antagonists. This suggests a mechanistically novel mode of AR-antagonism. Together, these findings indicate the identification of a novel chemical platform as a new lead structure that extends the diversity of known AR antagonists and possesses a distinct mode of antagonizing AR-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Roell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas W Rösler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Monique Hauschild
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tsion E Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Erasmus Optical Imaging Center OIC, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology and Erasmus Optical Imaging Center OIC, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Matusch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology and Erasmus Optical Imaging Center OIC, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Thiele M, Rabe S, Hessenkemper W, Roell D, Bartsch S, Kraft F, Abraham T, Houtsmuller A, Royen M, Giannis A, Baniahmad A. Novel Nor-Homo- and Spiro-Oxetan- Steroids Target the Human Androgen Receptor and Act as Antiandrogens. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22:1156-1167. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140601164240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Papaioannou M, Söderholm AA, Hong W, Dai Y, Roediger J, Roell D, Thiele M, Nyrönen TH, Baniahmad A. Computational and functional analysis of the androgen receptor antagonist atraric acid and its derivatives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014. [PMID: 23194423 DOI: 10.2174/1871520611313050014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonists are important compounds for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The atraric acid (AA), a natural compound, binds to the AR and acts as a specific AR antagonist. Interestingly, AA represents a novel chemical platform that could serve as a potential basis for new AR antagonists. Therefore, one objective of this study was to analyze the chemical/structural requirements for AR antagonism and to obtain predictions of where and how AA binds to the AR. Further, this study describes the chemical synthesis of 12 AA derivatives and their analysis using a combination of computational and functional assays. Functional analysis of AA derivatives indicated that none activated the AR. Both the para-hydroxyl group and the benzene ortho- and the meta-methyl groups of AA appeared to be essential to antagonize androgen-activated AR activity. Furthermore, extension of the hydrophobic side chain of AA led to slightly stronger AR antagonism. In silico data suggest that modifications to the basic AA structure change the hydrogen-bonding network with the AR ligand binding domain (LBD), so that the para-hydroxyl group of AA forms a hydrogen bond with the LBD, confirming the functional importance of this group for AR antagonism. Moreover, in silico modeling also suggested that the ortho- and meta- methyl groups of AA interact with hydrophobic residues of the ligand pocket of AR, which might explain their functional importance for antagonism. Thus, these studies identify the chemical groups of AA that play key roles in allowing the AA-based chemical platform to act as an AR antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaioannou
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07740 Jena, Germany
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5
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Reeb CA, Gerlach C, Heinssmann M, Prade I, Ceraline J, Roediger J, Roell D, Baniahmad A. A designed cell-permeable aptamer-based corepressor peptide is highly specific for the androgen receptor and inhibits prostate cancer cell growth in a vector-free mode. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2174-83. [PMID: 21486935 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The repression of the androgen receptor (AR) activity is a major objective to inhibit prostate cancer growth. One underlying mechanism for efficient hormone therapy is based on corepressors that inactivate the AR. In line with this, castration-resistant prostate cancer is associated with malfunction or reduced corepressor action. To overcome this, the overexpression of endogenous corepressors, however, affects many other transcription factors. Therefore, an AR-specific corepressor could be of advantage. Using a yeast peptide aptamer two-hybrid screen with the full-length human AR, we identified a short amino acid-stretch that binds specifically to the human AR in yeast and in mammalian cells and not to the closely related progesterone or glucocorticoid receptors. Furthermore, fused to a silencing domain, this aptamer-based corepressor (AB-CoR) exhibits corepressor activity by inhibiting both the AR-mediated transactivation and expression of the AR target gene PSA. Furthermore, stable expression of the AB-CoR inhibits growth of human LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Moreover, we generated a cell-permeable AB-CoR by fusing a protein transduction domain to establish a vector-free transport system. Treatment of LNCaP cells with the bacterially expressed and affinity-purified cell-permeable AB-CoR peptide resulted in a significant inhibition of both AR-mediated transactivation and prostate cancer cell proliferation. Thus, generation of a novel AR-specific aptamer-based corepressor may present a vector-free inhibition of AR-dependent prostate cancer growth as a novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Reeb
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Roell D, Rösler TW, Degen S, Matusch R, Baniahmad A. Antiandrogenic activity of anthranilic acid ester derivatives as novel lead structures to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:450-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roell D, Baniahmad A. The natural compounds atraric acid and N-butylbenzene-sulfonamide as antagonists of the human androgen receptor and inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 332:1-8. [PMID: 20965230 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from the plant Pygeum africanum are widely used in the therapy of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in combinational therapy for prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death and the mostly diagnosed form of cancer in men. The androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in the development of the prostate as well as in prostate diseases. Even though the extracts from P. africanum are considered as beneficial for prostate diseases in clinical trials, and some active compounds for treatment of BPH could be identified, compounds responsible for AR inhibition and the molecular mechanism for inhibition of prostatitis need to be identified. Recently, atraric acid and N-butylbenzene-sulfonamide were isolated from a selective dichlormethane extract of P. africanum as two novel AR antagonistic compounds. The molecular mechanisms of AR inhibition were analyzed and are summarized here. Both compounds are the first known natural, complete and specific AR antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Roell
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Fousteris MA, Schubert U, Roell D, Roediger J, Bailis N, Nikolaropoulos SS, Baniahmad A, Giannis A. 20-Aminosteroids as a novel class of selective and complete androgen receptor antagonists and inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6960-9. [PMID: 20826091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, the synthesis and the evaluation of novel 20-aminosteroids on androgen receptor (AR) activity is reported. Compounds 11 and 18 of the series inhibit both the wild type and the T877A mutant AR-mediated transactivation indicating AR antagonistic function. Interestingly, minor structural changes such as stereoisomers of the amino lactame moiety exhibit preferences for antagonism among wild type and mutant AR. Other tested nuclear receptors are only weakly or not affected. In line with this, the prostate cancer cell growth of androgen-dependent but not of cancer cells lacking expression of the AR is inhibited. Further, the expression of the prostate specific antigen used as a diagnostic marker is also repressed. Finally steroid 18 enhances cellular senescence that might explain in part the growth inhibition mediated by this derivative. Steroids 11 and 18 are the first steroids that act as complete AR antagonists and exhibit AR specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis A Fousteris
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Papaioannou M, Schleich S, Prade I, Degen S, Roell D, Schubert U, Tanner T, Claessens F, Matusch R, Baniahmad A. The natural compound atraric acid is an antagonist of the human androgen receptor inhibiting cellular invasiveness and prostate cancer cell growth. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:2210-2223. [PMID: 18627423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00426.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from Pygeum africanum are used in the treatment of prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (Pca), major health problems of men in Western countries. The ligand-activated human androgen receptor (AR) supports the growth of the prostate gland. Inhibition of human AR by androgen ablation therapy and by applying synthetic anti-androgens is therefore the primary goal in treatment of patients. Here, we show that atraric acid (AA) isolated from bark material of Pygeum africanum has anti-androgenic activity, inhibiting the transactivation mediated by the ligand-activated human AR. This androgen antagonistic activity is receptor specific and does not inhibit the closely related glucocorticoid or progesterone receptors. Mechanistically, AA inhibits nuclear transport of AR. Importantly, AA is able to efficiently repress the growth of both the androgen-dependent LNCaP and also the androgen-independent C4-2 Pca cells but not that of PC3 or CV1 cells lacking AR. In line with this, AA inhibits the expression of the endogenous prostate specific antigen gene in both LNCaP und C4-2 cells. Analyses of cell invasion revealed that AA inhibits the invasiveness of LNCaP cells through extracellular matrix. Thus, this study provides a molecular insight for AA as a natural anti-androgenic compound and may serve as a basis for AA derivatives as a new chemical lead structure for novel therapeutic compounds as AR antagonists, that can be used for prophylaxis or treatment of prostatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaioannou
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Kollegiengasse, Jena, Germany
| | - Sonja Schleich
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ina Prade
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Kollegiengasse, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Degen
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Kollegiengasse, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Roell
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Kollegiengasse, Jena, Germany
| | - Undine Schubert
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Kollegiengasse, Jena, Germany
| | - Tamzin Tanner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leuven, Heresraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leuven, Heresraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudolf Matusch
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marbacher Weg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Kollegiengasse, Jena, Germany.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Leuven, Heresraat, Leuven, Belgium
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Papaioannou M, Schleich S, Roell D, Schubert U, Tanner T, Claessens F, Matusch R, Baniahmad A. NBBS isolated from Pygeum africanum bark exhibits androgen antagonistic activity, inhibits AR nuclear translocation and prostate cancer cell growth. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:729-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Söderholm AA, Viiliäinen J, Lehtovuori PT, Eskelinen H, Roell D, Baniahmad A, Nyrönen TH. Computationally Identified Novel Diphenyl- and Phenylpyridine Androgen Receptor Antagonist Structures. J Chem Inf Model 2008; 48:1882-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ci800149w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Annu A. Söderholm
- CSC−Scientific Computing Ltd., PO Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 66, FI-20521 Turku, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna Viiliäinen
- CSC−Scientific Computing Ltd., PO Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 66, FI-20521 Turku, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Pekka T. Lehtovuori
- CSC−Scientific Computing Ltd., PO Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 66, FI-20521 Turku, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Hanna Eskelinen
- CSC−Scientific Computing Ltd., PO Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 66, FI-20521 Turku, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Roell
- CSC−Scientific Computing Ltd., PO Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 66, FI-20521 Turku, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- CSC−Scientific Computing Ltd., PO Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 66, FI-20521 Turku, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Tommi H. Nyrönen
- CSC−Scientific Computing Ltd., PO Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, PO Box 66, FI-20521 Turku, Finland, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07740 Jena, Germany
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Moehren U, Papaioannou M, Reeb CA, Grasselli A, Nanni S, Asim M, Roell D, Prade I, Farsetti A, Baniahmad A. Wild-type but not mutant androgen receptor inhibits expression of the hTERT telomerase subunit: a novel role of AR mutation for prostate cancer development. FASEB J 2007; 22:1258-67. [PMID: 17991730 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9360com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Androgens play a central role in prostate development and prostate cancer proliferation. Induction of telomerase is an early event in prostate carcinogenesis and is considered as a marker for both primary tumors and metastases. Interestingly, several reports suggest that telomerase activity is regulated by androgens in vivo. Here, we show that the wild-type (WT) human androgen receptor (AR) inhibits the expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and telomerase activity via inhibition of hTERT promoter activity in the presence of androgen receptor agonists. However, pure androgen antagonists failed to repress hTERT transcription. The androgen-mediated repression of hTERT is abrogated in a human prostate cancer cell line exhibiting hormone-dependent growth, which expresses a mutant AR (T877A) frequently occurring in prostate cancer. We reveal that this single amino acid exchange is sufficient for the lack of transrepression. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation data suggest that, in contrast to the WT AR, the mutant AR is recruited less efficiently to the hTERT promoter in vivo, indicating that loss of transrepression results from reduced chromatin recruitment. Thus, our findings suggest that the WT AR inhibits expression of hTERT, which is indicative of a protective mechanism, whereas the T877A mutation of AR not only broadens the ligand spectrum of the receptor but abrogates this inhibitory mechanism in prostate cancer cells. This novel role of AR mutations in prostate cancer development suggests the benefit to a search for new AR antagonists that inhibit transactivation but allow transrepression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Moehren
- Division of Biochemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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