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Salvato G, Inglese E, Fazia T, Crottini F, Crotti D, Valentini F, Palmas G, Bollani A, Basilico S, Gandola M, Gelosa G, Gentilini D, Bernardinelli L, Stracciari A, Scaglione F, Agostoni EC, Bottini G. The Association between Dysnatraemia during Hospitalisation and Post-COVID-19 Mental Fatigue. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113702. [PMID: 37297898 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 may induce short- and long-term cognitive failures after recovery, but the underlying risk factors are still controversial. Here, we investigated whether (i) the odds of experiencing persistent cognitive failures differ based on the patients' disease course severity and sex at birth; and (ii) the patients' electrolytic profile in the acute stage represents a risk factor for persistent cognitive failures. We analysed data from 204 patients suffering from COVID-19 and hospitalised during the first pandemic wave. According to the 7-point WHO-OS scale, their disease course was classified as severe or mild. We investigated the presence of persistent cognitive failures collected after hospital discharge, while electrolyte profiles were collected during hospitalisation. The results showed that females who suffered from a mild course compared to a severe course of COVID-19 had a higher risk of presenting with persistent mental fatigue after recovery. Furthermore, in females who suffered from a mild course of COVID-19, persistent mental fatigue was related to electrolyte imbalance, in terms of both hypo- and hypernatremia, during hospitalisation in the acute phase. These findings have important implications for the clinical management of hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Attention should be paid to potential electrolyte imbalances, mainly in females suffering from mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Inglese
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Crottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Crotti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Valentini
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Palmas
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bollani
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Basilico
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gelosa
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Department, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomic Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Stracciari
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Clemente Agostoni
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Neurology Department, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST "Grande Ospedale Metropolitano" Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMI, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Crivelli D, Crotti D, Crottini F, Peviani V, Gandola M, Bottini G, Salvato G. Skin temperature changes in response to body ownership modulation vary according to the side of stimulation. Physiol Behav 2023; 265:114142. [PMID: 36889486 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research has shown that a unilateral alteration in the sense of limb ownership is associated with the cooling of a limb's temperature. However, the recent emergence of contradictory results calls into question the existence of a relationship between this physiological reaction and the sense of body ownership. In the light of evidence that the malleability of the sense of hand ownership differs based on the preferential motor use of the hand to which the illusion is applied, one might observe the same lateralised pattern in the skin temperature cooling. In particular, if skin temperature change is a signature of body ownership, we expected a stronger illusion and reduction in skin temperature when altering ownership alteration of the left hand compared to the right hand in dextral individuals. To test this hypothesis, we selectively perturbated body ownership of the left or right hand in 24 healthy participants in different experimental sessions using the Mirror-Box Illusion (MBI) paradigm. Participants were asked to tap synchronously or asynchronously at a constant rhythm with their left and right index fingers against two parallel mirrors while looking at their reflected right/left hand. Skin temperature was measured before and after each MBI application, and explicit judgments of ownership and proprioceptive drift were collected. The results showed a consistent cooling of the hand's temperature only when the illusion was performed on the left hand. Proprioceptive drift exhibited the same pattern. In contrast, the explicit judgment of ownership of the reflected hand was similar across the two hands. These data provide evidence in favor of a specific laterality effect of the physiological response to an induced alteration of body part ownership. Moreover, they highlight the possibility of a direct link between proprioception and skin temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Crivelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Crotti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Crottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Peviani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Sensorimotor Lab, Donders Institute for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
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Crivelli D, Polimeni E, Crotti D, Bottini G, Salvato G. Bilateral skin temperature drop and warm sensibility decrease following modulation of body part ownership through mirror-box illusion. Cortex 2020; 135:49-60. [PMID: 33360760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The implicit and explicit awareness of owning a body and its parts is a constant accompaniment in our everyday life and our interaction with the outside world. The way in which we build and maintain a coherent sense of body ownership is not fully understood. It has been postulated that the integration between exteroceptive, interoceptive, and proprioceptive signals may play a fundamental role in the sense of body ownership. For instance, studies on healthy subjects and brain-damaged patients have suggested that alterations in the sense of body ownership are coupled with autonomic signal changes, such as thermoregulatory reactions. However, the available evidence is conflicting, possibly due to shortcomings in the experimental paradigm that previous studies have adopted. In this study, we explore the relationship between body ownership, thermoregulation, and thermal sensitivity through a novel application of the mirror-box illusion paradigm, overcoming some of the limitations of previous studies. We find a bilateral decrease in hand skin temperature, together with reduced thermal sensitivity for warm thermal stimuli following the induction of the illusion of ownership towards the participant's reflected hand. These findings demonstrate the importance of the orchestration of exteroceptive (e.g., visual), autonomic (e.g., body temperature) and proprioceptive (e.g., position and movement of the body) signals in maintaining a coherent sense of body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Crivelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Polimeni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Crotti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy.
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Ferrara M, Crotti D. Gli ospiti ignari. Microbiol Med 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2013.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Crotti D, Bernieri F, Raglio A, CoSP AMCLI, Study G. Epidemiology of intestinal parasitosis in Italy between 2005 and 2008: diagnostic techniques and methodologies. Microbiol Med 2013. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2013.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cacciò SM, Sannella AR, Manuali E, Tosini F, Sensi M, Crotti D, Pozio E. Pigs as natural hosts of Dientamoeba fragilis genotypes found in humans. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:838-41. [PMID: 22515838 PMCID: PMC3358053 DOI: 10.3201/eid1805.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis is a common intestinal parasite in humans. Transmission routes and natural host range are unknown. To determine whether pigs are hosts, we analyzed 152 fecal samples by microscopy and molecular methods. We confirmed that pigs are a natural host and harbor genotypes found in humans, suggesting zoonotic potential.
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Crotti D, Crotti S, Sensi M, Salamida S, Manuali E, Cacciò SM, Pozio E. Dientamoeba fragilis detection in suid populations: an emerging zoonosis hypothesized in Central Italy. Microbiol Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2012.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D, Crotti S, Gustinelli A. General aspects concerning strictly meat and fish transmitted parasitic infections. Microbiol Med 2012. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2012.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Crotti D, Sensi M, Salamida S, Crotti S, Manuali E. Could be the swine responsible of transmission to the humans of Dientamoeba fragilis infection? Microbiol Med 2011. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2011.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Crotti D, Crotti S, Gustinelli A, Manuali E. Hystological confirmation of Opisthorchis felineus in two stray cats on ‘Isola Maggiore’ (Trasimeno Lake, Perugia, Italy): the epidemiological chain of human opisthorchiasis is almost complete in this middle Italy lake. Microbiol Med 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2010.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Pegoraro M, Crotti D. [Malaria and memory in the Veneto region of Italy]. Infez Med 2009; 17:188-199. [PMID: 19838093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Malaria and emigration are two terms deeply embedded in Veneto history, related to images far back in the past, unknown to younger generations. Losing one's own collective historical memory is a source of personal and cultural impoverishment and inevitably compromises one's awareness of the present, possibly leading to superficial judgements and hastily formed opinions. Such a situation is all the more serious in a geographical area, north-eastern Italy, where immigration is so abundant. In this paper the authors seek to retrieve, at least in part, this memory, especially in terms of history (to what extent malaria afflicted residents in Veneto and migrants from the region) and biology (how much imprinting from malaria has remained in the native population's genetic make-up).
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/epidemiology
- Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics
- Animals
- Anopheles/parasitology
- Culture
- Emigration and Immigration
- Female
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/epidemiology
- Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Infant, Newborn
- Insect Vectors/parasitology
- Malaria/history
- Malaria/prevention & control
- Malaria/transmission
- Male
- Mutation
- Pregnancy
- Thalassemia/epidemiology
- Thalassemia/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pegoraro
- U. O. di Microbiologia, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Azienda Ospedaliera di Verona, Perugia, Italy
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Crotti D, Antonelli E, D’Annibale ML. An case report of persistent giardiasis. Microbiol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2009.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Crotti D. Infestation caused by acanthocephala. Microbiol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2009.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nocera E, Crotti D. Accidental miasis caused by Piophila casei: a case report. Microbiol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2009.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D. Enterobiasis in Italy today: a Primary School’s experience. Microbiol Med 2008. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2008.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML. [Campylobacter enteritis and related organisms. Clinical microbiology and antibiotic resistance]. Recenti Prog Med 2008; 99:83-88. [PMID: 18459682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Authors underline the importance to always and correctly investigate also for Campylobacters and related organisms (Clo's) in faeces of humans with enteritis, because prevalent like Salmonella and for surveillance antibiotic resistances; in fact for campylobacteriosis specific therapy is often necessary. Between 2001 and 2005 248 strains of Campylobacter and Clo's were isolated: 225 were C. jejuni (90.7%) and 16 C. coli (6.5%). The recommended antibiotics to use for therapy, for preventing secondary effects too, are erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Among C. jejuni, resistances towards erithromycine were 6.8% during 2001-02, 6.8% during 2003 and 4.8% during 2004-05; the resistances towards ciprofloxacin were 52.9% during 2001-02, 53.8% during 2003 and 42.9% during 2004-05; the resistances towards tetracycline were 39.2% during 2001-02, 46.2% during 2003 and 50.0% during 2004-05. The strains of C. coli showed less resistances, also in respect of previous our data too. No relevant differences were observed in antibacterial resistances among strains isolated from children and strains isolated from adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- Libero professionista in Parassitologia e Microbiologia Medica, Perugia.
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Crotti D. LA MALARIA IN UMBRIA TRA STORIA E LEGGENDA. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D, Sensi M, Manuali E, Crotti S. Dientamoeba fragilis nella popolazione suina: indagini preliminari. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML. [Acute and prolonged infectious diarrheas, of microbial and viral etiology: methods of clinical and microbiological diagnosis]. Recenti Prog Med 2007; 98:553-559. [PMID: 18044404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Authors relate clinical-microbiological criteria for a rational diagnosis of acute and prolonged enteritis, distinguishing between home and imported diarrheas. During 2005, 381 subjects (192 children and 189 adults) with acute diarrhea and 110 subjects (16 children and 94 adults) with prolonged diarrhea were examined. In the first group Salmonella prevailed in 11.1% of cases (10.9% among children and 11.1% among adults); Campylobacter in 9.2% (respectively 8.9% and 9.5%); other bacteria were identified in 3.2% of cases (1.0% and 3.8% respectively). Rotavirus were observed in 29.5% of children and Adenovirus in 6.2% of pediatric population. Pathogenic protozoa were observed in 1.6% of people (0.5% in children and 2.7% in adults). Among second group pathogenic protozoa prevailed in 6.4% (6.3% in children and 6.4% in adults); toxin A of C. difficile were detected in 8.5% of total cases. The Authors emphasize the importance to investigate always for Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter; in children with vomiting (with acute non invasive enteritis) is necessary to investigate for Rotavirus too; if the diarrhea is prolonged could be important investigate for toxin A/B of C. difficile and for protozoa with specific stains. Based on clinical and epidemiological findings other pathogens could be researched, if possible for own resources.
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Crotti D, Manuali E, Crotti S, Venditti G, Salamida S, Sensi M. È IL SUINO UN SERBATOIO NATURALE DI DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS, CAUSA DELLA DIENTAMOEBIASI UMANA? Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML, Basileo M, La Torre G. [Preliminary survey of human intestinal parasitosis in a Peruvian Andean zone]. Infez Med 2007; 15:181-186. [PMID: 17940402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied 91 faecal specimens of 38 children and 53 adults in a five-day epidemiological survey between the end of February and the beginning of March, 2006. The subjects were in- or out-patients of Chacas Hospital, Ancash. The O&P were performed with macroscopic evaluation, microscopic (direct and after formalin-ether concentration, FEA) observations and Giemsa permanent stain of all faecal samples. 61 subjects (67.0%) were infected with parasites (25 children, 65.5%, and 36 adults, 67.9%). D. fragilis was prevalent in 30.8% of subjects (28.9% of children, 32.1% of adults); G. duodenalis was observed in 12.1% of cases (21.1% of children and 5.7% of adults); A. lumbricoides was observed in 15.4% of cases (18.4% and 19.9% respectively); other helminths were identified in 7.7% of cases (10.1% and 5.7% respectively); non-pathogenic protozoa alone were observed in 23.1% of cases (28.9% among children and 19.9% among adults). D. fragilis was more frequent among females (44.7% vs. 20.8%), while G. duodenalis and A. lumbricoides among males (13.2% vs. 10.5% and 17.0% vs. 13.2% respectively). We emphasize the usefulness of both FEA and Giemsa permanent stain for a good O&P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- L. P. in Parassitologia e Microbiologia Medica, Perugia, Italy
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML. [Intestinal infections caused by Dientamoeba fragilis and Giardia duodenalis in our experience]. Recenti Prog Med 2007; 98:361-6. [PMID: 17580529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Between 2002 and 2003 the Authors analyzed stool specimens of 1,989 subjects, 966 children (1-14 years old) and 1,023 adults, to investigate for intestinal protozoa too: 380 children and 656 adults with intestinal aspecific troubles, 546 children and 291 adults with acute diarrhoea, 40 children and 76 adults with prolonged diarrhoea. G. duodenalis prevailed in 1.8% of all cases (0.2% among children and 3.2% among adults), D. fragilis in 4.1% (0.6% and 7.3% respectively). Other pathogenic parasites were very rare. Only B. hominis (opportunistic/saprophytic protozoon) or other commensal protozoa were observed, also associated with D. fragilis and/or G. duodenalis. Among subjects suffering from intestinal aspecific troubles, G. duodenalis prevailed in 3.7% and D. fragilis in 8.7% of adults; both protozoa were observed in 0.5% of children each one. Among acute diarrhoeas G. duodenalis was observed in 1.7% of adults and never in children, D. fragilis in 4.5% and 0.4% respectively. Among prolonged diarrhoeas, G. duodenalis was observed in 5.3% of adults and never in children, D. fragilis in 6.6% of adults an in 5.0% of children. The Authors emphatyze the clinical importance of D. fragilis and the diagnostical importance of a permanent stain, like Giemsa, for a good and sure diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- Libero professionista in Parassitologia e Microbiologia Medica, Perugia.
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Crotti D, Sensi M, Crotti S, Grelloni V, Manuali E. Dientamoeba fragilis in swine population: A preliminary investigation. Vet Parasitol 2007; 145:349-51. [PMID: 17314011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis, a protozoan with worldwide distribution is considered to be responsible for enteric disease in humans. A wide spectrum of clinical symptoms including; diarrhoea (acute or prolonged), flatulence, abdominal pains and other unspecific bowel symptoms have been ascribed to this parasite. Asymptomatic infection has also been reported. Dientamoeba fragilis is as its name indicates an extremely delicate protozoon and only the trophozoite has ever been demonstrated in stool samples. The definitive diagnosis of this infection is based on demonstration in permanently stained stool samples. In Italy examination of ova and parasite (O&P) samples are not currently performed. This protozoan is extremely difficult to cultivate but molecular techniques such as the Polymerase Chain Reaction offer promise as a means of diagnosing infection. The epidemiology of Dientamoebiasis is not clear. This paper will present preliminary results from a study looking for the parasite's presence in swine faeces. The possible role of pigs as a reservoir of infection was studied; 121 faecal samples from breeding and fattening pigs were examined using a Giemsa permanent stain. Dientamoeba fragilis was found in 53 (43.8%) of the stool samples examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Crotti D, D’Annibale ML. Enteriti acute e protratte nell’uomo: prevalenze eziologiche ed aspetti di metodologia diagnostica. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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D’Annibale ML, Crotti D. Miasi congiuntivale da Oestrus ovis: descrizione di un nuovo caso e problematiche in tema di miasi in ambito umano. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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26
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Crotti D, D’Annibale ML, Crotti S. Opisthorchiasi autoctona al Lago Trasimeno (Perugia): descrizione di due episodi epidemici da Opisthorchis felineus e problematiche diagnostiche differenziali. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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27
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D’Annibale ML, Crotti D. Parassitosi intestinali umane nel Perugino nel corso del 2005. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML. [Role of Dientamoeba fragilis in human bowel infections]. Infez Med 2007; 15:30-9. [PMID: 17515673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
During 2004, we identified 39 intestinal infections caused by Dientamoeba fragilis and 23 caused by Giardia duodenalis, on 1141 home subjects (3.4% and 2.0% respectively): D. fragilis was observed in 4.5% of O and P (29/644 subjects suffering from aspecific bowel disorders) and in 2.0% of diarrhoeas (10/497); G. duodenalis was observed in 3.1% (20/644) and in 0.6% (3/497) of cases respectively. No other pathogenic parasites were identified (only 1 case of enterobiasis in an asymptomatic child). Commensal protozoa were observed, among O and P, in 4.3% of cases (28/644). The non-pathogenic B. hominis, often associated with other protozoa, was observed in 4.1% of all 1141 cases. D. fragilis is undoubtedly more frequent in adults (36/39 cases, 92.3%) than in children (3/39, 7.7%), and is prevalent among females (24/39, 61.5%) in respect of males (15/39, 38.5%). G. duodenalis is more prevalent among adults (16/23, 69.5%) than children (7/23, 30.5%), but is more frequent among males (13/23, 56.5%) than females (10/23, 43.5%). Clinical correlations of dientamoebiasis and giardiasis are reported, seasonal and epidemiological features of these protozooses are outlined, and the authors emphasize the importance and need of Giemsa stain, among O and P and acute or prolonged diarrhoeas, on the basis of previous good direct microscopic observations of faecal specimens, for correct and complete diagnosis of intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- Libero Professionista in Parassitologia e Microbiologia Medica, Perugia, Italy
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML. [Human intestinal parasitosis: role of Dientamoeba fragilis in human infections]. Ann Ig 2007; 19:27-34. [PMID: 17405510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Authors report prevalences of intestinal parasitosis among home children and adults during 2002-2004, as in O&P as in acute or prolonged diarrhoea, with particular attention to the role of Dientamoeba fragilis, because often undervalued. Among 3139 subjects, 116 cases of dientamoebiasis (3.7%) and 62 of giardiasis (2.0%) were observed; not typical pathogenic protozoa were reported in 71 cases (2.3%); helminths were identified only in 8 cases (0.5%). Particularly, inside O&P group D. fragilis prevailed in 5.2% of cases (7.8% in adults and 0.5% in children) and G. duodenalis in 2.7% (3.5% and 1.3% respectively); inside acute diarrhoeas D. fragilis prevailed in 1.6% (3.9% and 0.3%) and G. duodenalis in 0.6% (1.3% and 0. 1%); inside prolonged diarrhoeas D. fragilis prevailed in 3.5 % (2.6% and 5.4%) and G. duodenalis in 3.9% (5.8% in adults and never in children). D. fragilis was more often observed among adults (6.3% of all) than among children (0.6%), like G. duodenalis (3.1% versus 0.6%). So, 107 strains of D. fragilis (92.2%) and 53 strains of G. duodenalis (85.5%) were identified in adults. D. fragilis was more frequent among females (24/39 cases, 61.5%, in the last year) while G. duodenalis was more frequent in males (13/23 cases, 56.5%). The Authors conclude underlining the importance of a permanent stain, as Giemsa stain, for a good and complete diagnosis of protozoal intestinal infections, particularly for D. fragilis.
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D’Annibale ML, Crotti D. Enterite da Campylobacter upsaliensis: un paradigma della microbiologia clinica. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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31
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Crotti D, D’Annibale ML, Catania A, Magnani G. L’esame microbiologico dei campioni di feci: procedura operativa diagnostica. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nocera E, Bozzelli L, Gallo MA, Rea M, Cuniato V, Di Martino M, Natale R, Crotti D. Epidemiologia delle parassitosi intestinali in una popolazione di immigrati extracomunitari. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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33
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D’Annibale M, Crotti D, Crotti S. OPISTHORCHIASI AL LAGO TRASIMENO (PG): DESCRIZIONE DI UN SECONDO EPISODIO EPIDEMICO. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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34
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Crotti D, Basileo M, Crotti S, D’Annibale M, La Torre G. SONDAGGIO CONOSCITIVO COPROPARASSITOLOGICO IN UNA ZONA ANDINA DELLA CORDILLERA BLANCA, PERU’. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML. [Enterobiasis during 2002-2003 in Perugia province: beyond diagnostics]. Infez Med 2006; 14:92-8. [PMID: 16891854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Between 2002 and 2003 we examined cellophane tapes of 119 children, both symptomatic and apparently asymptomatic. Eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were observed in 13.4% of children. This helminth is the most frequent in Italy, but it is as yet unrecognized, probably due to parasitological laboratories not being consulted, resulting in incomplete epidemiological data. We recall the biological aspects of this nematode and suggest the need for sound diagnosis to ensure proper surveillance of this exclusively human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crotti
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Parassitologia Clinica, Ospedale "R. Silvestrini", Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Italy
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Crotti D, D’Annibale ML, Rossi S. Strongyloides stercoralis e strongiloidiasi in Umbria: analisi di una casistica decennale. Microbiol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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37
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Crotti D. [A history of Malaria from and for a popular point of view]. Infez Med 2005; 13:265-70. [PMID: 16388283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The author outlines parasitologic features of human plasmodia and Anopheles, the public health and human aspects of this protozoan infection. Starting from the etymology of the words "mal' aria," the author describes a brief but proven history of social importance, dwelling not only on the clinical, medical or scientific aspects. In other words, the author dwells upon the literary, the customary, as well as on the historic and cultural aspects, with special attention to the significance of the popular importance of this problem in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crotti
- L P in Parassitologia e Microbiologia Medica, Pilonico Paterno 4, 06080 Pianello, Perugia
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38
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML, Fonzo G, Lalle M, Cacciò SM, Pozio E. Dientamoeba fragilis is more prevalent than Giardia duodenalis in children and adults attending a day care centre in Central Italy. Parasite 2005; 12:165-70. [PMID: 15991830 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2005122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a well recognised enteropathogen, while Dientamoeba fragilis is rarely detected and consequently it is not recognised as an important human pathogen. In 2002-2003, a survey has been carried out on enteroparasites in faecal samples of outpatients attending a day care centre in the town of Perugia (Central Italy). To improve the detection level, at least three samples from each patient were collected at different days and within two hours from defecation. The coproparasitological examination has been carried out by direct microscopic examination, faecal concentration, and Giemsa and modified Ziehl-Nielsen stainings of faecal smears. The genotypes of Giardia duodenalis isolates were determined by PCR of the beta-giardin gene. Of 1,989 enrolled people (966 children, 1,023 adults), 165 persons (8.3%; 153 adults, 15.0%; 12 children, 1.2%), were positive for parasites, but only 1 12 adults (73.2% of those infected) and eight children (66.7% of those infected) harboured D. fragilis and G. duodenalis. Both the Assemblages A and B were detected in 18 G. duodenalis isolates examined at the beta-giardin gene. The higher prevalence of D. fragilis infections than that of G. duodenalis is probably related to the method used, a procedure, which is rarely followed in laboratories for the diagnosis of enteric parasites. These epidemiological data suggest that when faecal samples are examined after a period of time and without Giemsa staining, most D. fragilis infections goes undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crotti
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Parassitologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Presidio Ospedaliero R. Silvestrini, Perugia, Italy.
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML, Ricci A. [A case of ophthalmomyiasis: description and diagnosis]. Infez Med 2005; 13:120-2. [PMID: 16220033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a human case of ophthalmomyiasis caused by the "sheep fly" Oestrus ovis larva. They emphasize the importance of collaboration between practitioner or specialist and parasitologist for a sound, definitive aetiological diagnosis of such uncommon pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Parassitologia Clinica, Ospedale "R. Silvestrini", Istituto di Clinica Oculistica, Ospedale "Policlinico", Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Italy
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Bernieri F, Casella P, Crotti D, Cutrupi V, Galli D, Di Matteo L, Raglio A. Linee Guida Operative per la diagnosi delle Parassitosi Intestinali. Microbiol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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41
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Lalle M, Pozio E, Capelli G, Bruschi F, Crotti D, Cacciò SM. Genetic heterogeneity at the beta-giardin locus among human and animal isolates of Giardiaduodenalis and identification of potentially zoonotic subgenotypes. Int J Parasitol 2004; 35:207-13. [PMID: 15710441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human giardiasis, caused by the intestinal flagellate Giardia duodenalis, is considered a zoonotic infection, although the role of animals in the transmission to humans is still unclear. Molecular characterisation of cysts of human and animal origin represents an objective means to validate or reject this hypothesis. In the present work, cysts were collected in Italy from humans (n=37) and animals (dogs, one cat and calves, n=46), and were characterised by PCR amplification and sequencing of the beta-giardin gene. As expected, only Assemblages A and B were identified among human isolates. The host-specific Assemblages C and D were found in the majority of dog isolates; however, 6 dog isolates were typed as Assemblage A. The cat-specific Assemblage F has been identified in the single feline isolate available. Among calf isolates, most were typed as Assemblages A (n=12) and B (n=5), whereas the host-specific Assemblage E was rarely found (n=3). Sequence heterogeneity in the beta-giardin gene allowed a number of subgenotypes to be identified within Assemblage A (8 subgenotypes), B (6 subgenotypes), D (2 subgenotypes), and E (3 subgenotypes). Five of these subgenotypes, namely A1, A2, A3, A4 and B3, were found to be associated with infections of humans, of dogs and of calves; these data, therefore, supported the role of these animals as a source of infection for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lalle
- Division of Gastroenteric and Tissue Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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42
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Cavalcanti P, Filla MA, Crotti D. [A case of diphyllobothriasis: description and diagnosis]. Infez Med 2004; 12:266-9. [PMID: 15729017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of asymptomatic infection caused by Diphyllobothrium latum, probably following a meal of "sushi" in a Japanese restaurant in Rome one year before. The diagnosis was obtained observing morphology and seizures of proglottids and ova. We recall the life cycle of this cestode and report criteria for a differential diagnosis with other species of the Diphyllobothrium genus, usually rare in humans, and caused by the ingestion of marine fish and not freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cavalcanti
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, Cosenza, Italy
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Bernieri F, Merlino L, Agnello M, Buratta A, Borsotti M, Quercioli M, Rossetti R, Crotti D. INDAGINE CONOSCITIVA INTERREGIONALE SULLA RICERCA COLTURALE DI CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. Microbiol Med 2004. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2004.3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bernieri F, Casella P, Crotti D, Cutrupi V, Galli D, Di Matteo L, Raglio A. LINEE GUIDA PER LA DIAGNOSI DELLE PARASSITOSI INTESTINALI. Microbiol Med 2004. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2004.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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45
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Ubaldi M, D'Annibale ML, Medori MC, Crotti D. [Coryneform bacteria: their clinical significance and resistance patterns during a three-year study]. Infez Med 2004; 12:126-31. [PMID: 15316299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We report data concerning our experience during three years (1998-2001) about isolation, identification and susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents of coryneform bacteria in infections of hospitalized/at risk patients. We isolated 54 Corynebacterium spp., with prevalence of C. striatum (8 strains) and C. amycolatum (7 strains), and 1 strain of Oerskovia spp. and 1 strain of Actinomyces neuii. 31 strains were isolated from the "exit-site" and 6 from peritoneal fluid of CAPD patients. Vancomycin and teicoplanin were always "in vitro" efficacious. Resistance rates towards other antibiotics were the following: 11% for minocycline, 12.5% for tetracycline, 20% for gentamicin and netilmicin, 61% for erythromycin and chloramphenicol, 66% for penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ubaldi
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Patologia Clinica, Universita degli Studi di Perugina, Italy
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Crotti D. Campylobacteriosi nel perugino nel primo biennio del nuovo secolo: alcuni aspetti e considerazioni di microbiologia clinica. Microbiol Med 2004. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2004.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Crotti D, Rossetti R, Braga PC. Evaluation of the degree of susceptibility of Streptococcus pyogenes erythromycin-resistant strains to rokitamycin (a 16-membered macrolide) using the Epsilometer test. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2004; 30:17-26. [PMID: 15134387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Routine hospital screening of the resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes to macrolides is usually done using the erythromycin, clarithromycin or azithromycin disk diffusion technique. When a strain is found to be resistant to one of these macrolides, it is generally assumed to be resistant to the whole class. However this approach gives only partial qualitative information because S. pyogenes strains with inducible and M phenotype resistance are still susceptible to 16-membered ring macrolides such as rokitamycin. Seventy-four erythromycin-resistant (22 inducible and 52 M phenotype) strains of S. pyogenes were tested for their susceptibility to rokitamycin and clindamycin (control) by means of the agar disk diffusion test and the results were compared with those obtained using the Epsilometer test, a quantitative technique for measuring bacterial susceptibility and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Epsilometer testing of erythromycin in comparison with rokitamycin is useful for measuring the real degree of susceptibility of macrolide-resistant strains quickly and simply. This is important because strains with the same disk diffusion diameter do not necessarily have the same MIC, but a scattered distribution of susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crotti
- Clinical Microbiology Division, R. Silvestrini Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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48
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Crotti D, D’Annibale ML, Spinelli M, Lanzini F, Rossi S, Rossi C, Bruno R, Sangiorgio ML, Bucci M. Antibiotico – resistenza in Campylobacter jejuni /coli in Italia nel corso del 2002: risultati di una indagine policentrica. Microbiol Med 2003. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2003.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML, Ubaldi M, Fonzo G, Medori MC. [Pharyngotonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes: clinical and epidemiological aspects and resistance phenotypes towards macrolides]. Infez Med 2002; 10:213-9. [PMID: 12754427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
During 2001 we analyzed 1730 pharyngeal swabs for S. pyogenes (SGA): 1142 children (0-10 years old), 132 adolescent subjects (11-17 years old), and 456 adults (18 or more years old). 994 subjects (664 children, 85 adolescent ones, 245 adults) had acute pharyngotonsillitis. In this last group we observed 321 positivities (32.3 %) for SGA: 40.4 % among children, 24.7 % among adolescent people, 13.1 % among adults. The pharyngotonsillitis prevailed during winter and spring. The resistances (R) towards erythromycin were 27.7 % (89 cases), and among children 30.6 % (82 cases), towards clyndamicin 15.3 % (49 cases, and 17.2 %, 46 cases, among children), towards rokytamicin 11.8 % (38 cases, and 13.1 %, 35 cases, among children). These were the phenotypes of R to erythromycin: 25.8 % M-phenotype, 19.1 % inducible (iMLS), 55.1 % constitutive (cMLS); among children respectively 25.6 %, 18.3 % and 53.7 %. Increased resistances towards 16-C macrolides, increased resistances of cMLS to erythromycin, and the persistence of R to 14-C macrolides around 30 % are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Parassitologia Clinica, A. O. di Perugia, P.O. R. Silvestrini, Perugia
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50
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Crotti D, D'Annibale ML, Fonzo G, Medori MC, Ubaldi M. [Enteric infections in Perugia's area: laboratory diagnosis, clinical aspects and epidemiology during 2001]. Infez Med 2002; 10:81-7. [PMID: 12702884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
During 2001 we analyzed 523 stool specimens (330 children, 193 adults) of patients with recent diarrhoea. We processed all specimens for protozoa, rotavirus, adenovirus, toxin A of C. difficile, and usual enteropathogen bacteria. Salmonella prevailed in 12.8% of cases (16.4% among children, 6.7% among adults), Campylobacter in 9.9% (11.5% and 7.3%), C. difficile toxin A producer in 11.3% (13.7% and 8.1%); other bacteria generally prevailed in 2.4%, protozoa in 2.7%. Among children rotavirus prevailed in 41.4%, adenovirus in 3.6%. Enteritis prevailed in children between 1 and 6 years of age. All pathogens were reported during all the seasons, but salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis were more frequent during spring and summer, rotavirus infections during the winter. Non particular and/or specific correlations could be observed between clinical manifestations and pathogen agents; anyway only bacteria were identified among invasive enterites. Vomitus was more frequent in rotavirus infections. Finally the Authors suggest a rational and efficacious methodology for diagnosis of presumptive infectious diarrhoeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Crotti
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Parassitologia Clinica, A O di Perugia, P O R Silvestrini, Perugia, Italy
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