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Cardoso-Silva S, Mizael JSS, Frascareli D, de Lima Ferreira PA, Figueira RCL, Pompêo M, Vicente E, Moschini-Carlos V. Past environmental changes: using sedimentary photosynthetic pigments to enhance subtropical reservoir management. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:22994-23010. [PMID: 38413525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The historical impacts of eutrophication processes were investigated in six subtropical reservoirs (São Paulo, Brazil) using a paleolimnological approach. We questioned whether the levels of pigment indicators of algal biomass could provide information about trophic increase and whether carotenoid pigments could offer additional insights. The following proxies were employed: organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, photosynthetic pigments (by high-performance liquid chromatography), sedimentation rates, and geochronology (by 210 Pb technique). Principal component analysis indicated a gradient of eutrophication. In eutrophic reservoirs (e.g., Rio Grande and Salto Grande), levels of lutein and zeaxanthin increased over time, suggesting growth of Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. These pigments were significantly associated with algal biomass, reflecting their participation in phytoplankton composition. In mesotrophic reservoirs, Broa and Itupararanga, increases and significative linear correlations (r > 0.70) between pigments and nutrients are mainly linked to agricultural and urban activities. In the oligotrophic reservoir Igaratá, lower pigment and nutrient levels reflected lesser human impact and good water quality. This study underscores eutrophication's complexity across subtropical reservoirs. Photosynthetic pigments associated with specific algal groups were informative, especially when correlated with nutrient data. The trophic increase, notably in the 1990s, may have been influenced by neoliberal policies. Integrated pigment and geochemical analysis offers a more precise understanding of eutrophication changes and their ties to human factors. Such research can aid environmental monitoring and sustainable policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cardoso-Silva
- Environmental Sciences Program, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Soares Silva Mizael
- Environmental Sciences Program, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Frascareli
- Environmental Sciences Program, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Ecology Department, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vicente
- Microbiology and Ecology Department, Valencia University, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- Environmental Sciences Program, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Cardoso-Silva S, Mizael JOSS, Frascareli D, Figueira RCL, Pompêo M, Vicente E, Moschini-Carlos V. Geochemistry and sedimentary photopigments as proxies to reconstruct past environmental changes in a subtropical reservoir. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:28495-28509. [PMID: 34993819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sediment cores were used to establish past environmental impacts associated with eutrophication, erosion and metal contamination in the subtropical Atibainha reservoir (São Paulo State, Brazil). We hypothesize that: (1) the levels of nutrients, determined by a spectrophotometric method, reflect the contributions of these elements over time and (2) changes in sedimentation rates, determined by 210Pb geochronology, and metal flows, determined by ICP-AEOS, are related to anthropic activities. Stratigraphic changes in the analysed variables were used to divide the sediment cores into three intervals, according to PCA and cluster analysis (Euclidian distances, Ward's method). Interval I, composed by the period prior to operation of the reservoir, was influenced by organic matter levels. Interval II, between 1967 and 1993 (PC2: 14.94% of the total variability), a period of minor impacts, was mainly influenced by Mn (eigenvalue of 0.71) and Zn (0.74). Interval III, which included sediment deposited between 1993 and 2015 (PC1: 60.28% of the total variability), was influenced by the highest levels of the pigments lutein (0.86), zeaxanthin (0.90) and fucoxanthin (0.65), together with total nitrogen (0.78) and sedimentation rate (0.91), suggesting changes in the phytoplankton community composition probably associated to the intensification of eutrophication and erosion processes. Despite the limitations of applying paleolimnological techniques in reservoirs and the use of pigments as proxies in regions with higher temperatures, it was observed that the anoxic conditions and the aphotic environment in the hypolimnion acted to preserve pigments associated with the groups Chlorophyta (lutein), Cyanobacteria (zeaxanthin) and Bacillariophyta (fucoxanthin). The isolated analysis of nutrients was not sufficient to make conclusive inferences regarding the eutrophication history, since the levels of TP tended to decrease over time, in contrast to an increase in the levels of TN. Despite intensification of eutrophication and erosion, associated to anthropic activities, no signs of metal contamination were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cardoso-Silva
- Ecology and Natural Resources Management Program, Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rodovia BR 364, km 4, Distrito Industrial, Rio Branco, AC, 69920-900, Brazil.
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniele Frascareli
- Environmental Sciences Program, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Environmental Sciences Program, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
- Ecology Department, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Vicente
- Microbiology and Ecology Department, Valencia University, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- Environmental Sciences Program, Institute of Science and Technology, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Dos Santos Machado L, Dörr F, Dörr FA, Frascareli D, Melo DS, Gontijo ESJ, Friese K, Pinto E, Rosa AH, Pompêo MM, Moschini-Carlos V. Permanent occurrence of Raphidiopsis raciborskii and cyanotoxins in a subtropical reservoir polluted by domestic effluents (Itupararanga reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:18653-18664. [PMID: 34697712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are a frequent problem in subtropical reservoirs and freshwater systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of potentially toxic cyanobacteria and the environmental conditions associated with the presence of cyanotoxins in a Brazilian subtropical reservoir. Five collections were carried out at seven sampling locations in the reservoir, during the rainy and dry seasons, between the years 2016 and 2017. There was permanent occurrence of Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Aguilera, Berrendero Gómez, Kastovsky, Echenique & Salerno (Phycologia 57(2):130-146, 2018), ranging between dominant and abundant, with an average biomass of 38.8 ± 29.9 mg L-1. Also abundant were Dolichospermum solitarium, D. planctonicum, Planktothrix isothrix, and Aphanizomenon gracile. Saxitoxin (STX) was detected in all the collected samples (0.11 ± 0.05 µg L-1). Microcystin (MC) was also detected, but at lower concentrations (0.01 ± 0.0 µg L-1). Low availability of NO3- and phosphorus limitation had significant effects on the R. raciborskii biomass and the levels of STX and MC. It was observed that R. raciborskii was sensitive to thermal stratification, at the same time that STX levels were higher. This suggested that STX was produced under conditions that restricted the growth of R. raciborskii. These are important findings, because they add information about the permanent occurrence of STX and R. raciborskii in an aquatic ecosystem limited by phosphorus, vulnerable to climatic variations, and polluted by domestic effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiane Dörr
- Laboratory of Toxin and Algae Natural Products, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Dörr
- Laboratory of Toxin and Algae Natural Products, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Frascareli
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Darllene S Melo
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Erik S J Gontijo
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Kurt Friese
- Lake Research Department, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Brueckstr 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Laboratory of Toxin and Algae Natural Products, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Henrique Rosa
- ICT, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Sorocaba Campus, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Pompêo
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cardoso-Silva S, Frascareli D, Silva DCVR, Figueira RCL, Bittencourt MD, Moschini-Carlos V, Pompêo M. An abiotic typology and reference conditions for nutrients and chlorophyll-a in subtropical reservoirs (São Paulo State, Brazil). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:16029-16041. [PMID: 33245536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of reference conditions and typology are two important steps in water resources management. The reference conditions enable the determination of how impacted an ecosystem is, while the typology facilitates the implementation of management procedures. A study of subtropical reservoirs in São Paulo State (Brazil) was performed to obtain (1) an abiotic typology, using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (Ward's method with Euclidean distances), and (2) reference conditions for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the dry and rainy seasons for one of the established typologies. Two main statistical techniques were used: the lake population distribution approach and the trisection method. PCA identified an environmental gradient in the east-west direction, with reservoirs at higher latitudes and with larger dimensions in the west, and smaller reservoirs in eastern areas with higher altitude and higher average annual rainfall. The PCA and cluster analysis indicated that there were four main types of reservoirs. The nutrient criteria techniques, obtained for 13 type I rainy-east reservoirs, were not significantly different (t test, p < 0.05). Although the methods resulted in similar reference conditions, one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences between the seasons for Chl-a, which levels were slightly higher in the rainy season. As far as we know, this is the first study to simultaneously provide an abiotic typology and reference conditions for chlorophyll-a and nutrients in different seasons, considering subtropical reservoirs in South America. This investigation makes an important contribution to the monitoring and management of subtropical reservoirs, and the promotion of dialog between the scientific community and managers, aiming at ensuring the sustainability of water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Cardoso-Silva
- Program in Ecology and Natural Resource Management, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
- Institute of Oceanography, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Department of Ecology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bueno CDC, Frascareli D, Gontijo ESJ, van Geldern R, Rosa AH, Friese K, Barth JAC. Dominance of in situ produced particulate organic carbon in a subtropical reservoir inferred from carbon stable isotopes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13187. [PMID: 32764641 PMCID: PMC7413405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sources of particulate organic carbon (POC) play important roles in aqueous carbon cycling because internal production can provide labile material that can easily be turned into CO2. On the other hand, more recalcitrant external POC inputs can cause increased loads to sedimentary organic matter that may ultimately cause CH4 release. In order to differentiate sources, stable isotopes offer a useful tool. We present a study on the Itupararanga Reservoir (Brazil) where origins of POC were explored by comparing its isotope ratios (δ13CPOC) to those of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC). The δ13CPOC averaged around − 25.1‰ in near-surface waters, which indicates higher primary production inferred from a fractionation model that takes into account carbon transfer with a combined evaluation of δ13CPOC, δ13CDIC and aqueous CO2. However, δ13CPOC values for water depths from 3 to 15 m decreased to − 35.6‰ and indicated different carbon sources. Accordingly, the δ13CDIC values of the reservoir averaged around + 0.6‰ in the top 3 m of the water column. This indicates CO2 degassing and photosynthesis. Below this depth, DIC isotope values of as low as − 10.1‰ showed stronger influences of respiration. A fractionation model with both isotope parameters revealed that 24% of the POC in the reservoir originated from detritus outside the reservoir and 76% of it was produced internally by aqueous CO2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Castro Bueno
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Institute of Science and Technology. Avenida Três de Março, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 511. Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18087-180, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Frascareli
- Institute of Science and Technology. Avenida Três de Março, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 511. Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Erik S J Gontijo
- Institute of Science and Technology. Avenida Três de Março, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 511. Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Robert van Geldern
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André H Rosa
- Institute of Science and Technology. Avenida Três de Março, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 511. Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Kurt Friese
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A C Barth
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Geography and Geosciences, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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