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Cunha FFMD, Tonon AP, Machado F, Travassos LR, Grazzia N, Possatto JF, Sant'ana AKCD, Lopes RDM, Rodrigues T, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Arruda DC. Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo. J Chemother 2024; 36:222-237. [PMID: 37800867 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2264585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Pedroso Tonon
- Instituto de Física e Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolpho Travassos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rayssa de Mello Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Costa Arruda
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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de Oliveira ADSS, Conrado GG, Grazzia N, Miguel DC, Franchi Júnior GC, Garcia VL. In Vitro Cytotoxic and Leishmanicidal Activity of Isolated and Semisynthetic ent-Pimaranes from Aldama arenaria. Planta Med 2022; 88:1163-1174. [PMID: 34839466 DOI: 10.1055/a-1708-2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two pimaranes ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (1: ) and ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3β-ol (2: ), isolated from Aldama arenaria, and six semi-synthetic derivatives methyl ester of the ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (3: ), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol (4: ), acetate of ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol (5: ), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol succinic acid (6: ), acetate of ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3β-ol (7: ), ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3β-ol succinic acid (8: ) were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activities to childhood leukemia cell lines and leishmanicidal activity against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis. Among these compounds, 1: to 6: presented moderate cytotoxic activity, with compound 4: being the most active (GI50 of 2.6 µM for the HL60 line) and the derivatives 7: and 8: being inactive. Against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis, the most promising derivative was the acetate of ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-ol (5: ), with EC50 of 20.1 µM, selectivity index of 14.5, and significant reduction in the parasite load. Pimarane analogues 1: , ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid, and 2: , ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3β-ol, presented different activities, corroborating the application of such molecules as prototypes for the design of other derivatives that have greater cytotoxic or leishmanicidal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana da Silva Santos de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas/SP, Brazil
- Division of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Research (CPQBA) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulínia/SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly Galdino Conrado
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas/SP, Brazil
- Division of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Research (CPQBA) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulínia/SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Department of Animal Biology - Parasitology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Department of Animal Biology - Parasitology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia Garcia
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas/SP, Brazil
- Division of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Pluridisciplinary Research Center for Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Research (CPQBA) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulínia/SP, Brazil
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Nakamura IB, Miguel DC, Bruscato A, Pereira MB, Campiolo D, de Almeida EA, Peloso EDF, Gadelha FR. Biological characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes derived from trypomastigotes isolated from Brazilian chagasic patients. Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2022; 3:100110. [PMID: 35199071 PMCID: PMC8851099 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T. cruzi TcII isolates from chagasic patients have distinct biological parameters. Isolates were more glucose-dependent than long-term cultivated Y strain parasites. Significant differences were observed on complex II and IV-supported respiration.
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, occurs in several countries in Latin America and non-endemic countries. Heterogeneity among T. cruzi population has been the Achilles’ heel to find a better treatment for CD. In this study, we characterized the biochemical parameters and mitochondrial bioenergetics of epimastigotes differentiated from eight T. cruzi isolates (I1-I8) obtained from Brazilian CD patients. Molecular analysis of parasites DTUs grouped all of them as TcII. The profile of the growth curves in axenic cultures was distinct among them, except for I1 and I3 and I2 and I4. Doubling times, growth rates, cell body length, and resistance to benznidazole were also significantly different among them. All the isolates were more glucose-dependent than other T. cruzi strains adapted to grow in axenic culture. Mitochondrial bioenergetics analysis showed that each isolate behaved differently regarding oxygen consumption rates in non-permeabilized and in digitonin-permeabilized cells in the presence of a complex II-linked substrate. When complex IV-linked respiratory chain substrate was used to provide electrons to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC), similarity among the isolates was higher. Our findings show that TcII epimastigotes derived from patients’ trypomastigotes displayed their own characteristics in vitro, highlighting the intra-TcII diversity, especially regarding the functionality of mitochondrial respiratory complexes II and IV. Understanding T. cruzi intraspecific biological features help us to move a step further on our comprehension regarding parasite's survival and adaptability offering clues to improve the development of new therapies for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bagni Nakamura
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bruscato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariane Barroso Pereira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-894, Brazil
| | - Dimas Campiolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Eros Antônio de Almeida
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-894, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Ramos Gadelha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Valença-Barbosa C, Finamore-Araujo P, Moreira OC, Vergara-Meza JG, Alvarez MVN, Nascimento JR, Borges-Veloso A, Viana MC, Lilioso M, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Teixeira MMG, Almeida CE. Genotypic Trypanosoma cruzi distribution and parasite load differ ecotypically and according to parasite genotypes in Triatoma brasiliensis from endemic and outbreak areas in Northeastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106054. [PMID: 34273309 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes and their relationship with parasitic load in distinct geographic and ecotypic populations of Triatoma brasiliensis in two sites, including one where a Chagas disease (ChD) outbreak occurred in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Triatomine captures were performed in peridomestic and sylvatic ecotopes in two municipalities: Marcelino Vieira - affected by the outbreak; and Currais Novos - where high pressure of peridomestic triatomine infestation after insecticide spraying have been reported. The kDNA-PCR was used to select 124 T. cruzi positive triatomine samples, of which 117 were successfully genotyped by fluorescent fragment length barcoding (FFLB). Moreover, the T. cruzi load quantification was performed using a multiplex TaqMan qPCR. Our findings showed a clear ecotypic segregation between TcI and TcII harboured by T. brasiliensis (p<0.001). Although no genotypes were ecotypically exclusive, TcI was predominant in peridomestic ecotopes (86%). In general, T. brasiliensis from Rio Grande do Norte had a higher T. cruzi load varying from 3.94 to 7.66 x 106T. cruzi per insect. Additionally, TcII (median value=299,504 T. cruzi/intestine unit equivalents) had more than twice (p=0.1) the parasite load of TcI (median value=149,077 T. cruzi/intestine unit equivalents), which can be attributed to a more ancient co-evolution with T. brasiliensis. The higher prevalence of TcII in the sylvatic T. brasiliensis (70%) could be associated with a more diversified source of bloodmeals for wild insect populations. Either TcI or TcII may have been responsible for the ChD outbreak that occurred in the city of Marcelino Vieira. On the other hand, a smaller portion of T. brasiliensis was infected by TcIII (3%) in the peridomicile, in addition to T. rangeli genotype A (1%), often found in mixed infections. Our results highlight the need of understanding the patterns of T. cruzi genotype´s development and circulation in insect vectors and reservoirs as a mode of tracking situations of epidemiologic importance, as the ChD outbreak recently recorded for Northeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Valença-Barbosa
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Paula Finamore-Araujo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacilio C Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Borges-Veloso
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Grupo Triatomíneos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Lilioso
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
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Conrado GG, Grazzia N, de Oliveira ADSS, Franco CH, Moraes CB, Gadelha FR, Miguel DC, Garcia VL. Prospecting and Identifying Phyllanthus amarus Lignans with Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Activity. Planta Med 2020; 86:782-789. [PMID: 32512613 DOI: 10.1055/a-1179-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ten lignans (1: - 10: ) were isolated from the hexane-ethyl acetate extract of Phyllanthus amarus leaves. Three of them, cubebin dimethyl ether (3: ), urinatetralin (4: ), and lintetralin (7: ) are described for the first time in this species, while phyllanthin (1: ), niranthin (2: ), 5-demethoxyniranthin (5: ), isolintetralin (6: ), hypophyllanthin (8: ), nirtetralin (9: ), and phyltetralin (10: ) have been already reported from P. amarus. Among the lignans tested against Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes, 2: was the most active with an EC50 of 35.28 µM. Lignans 2, 5, 7: , and 9: showed inhibitory effects against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes with EC50 of 56.34, 51.86, 23.57, and 43.27 µM, respectively. During in vitro infection assays, 5: reduced amastigotes by 91% at 103.68 µM concentration, whereas 7: and 9: reduced amastigotes by approximately 84% at 47.5 and 86.04 µM, respectively. Lignans 5, 7: , and 9: were more potent in intracellular amastigotes with EC50 of 2.76, 8.30, and 15.83 µM, respectively, than in promastigotes. CC50 for all samples was > 100 µg/mL, thus revealing low cytotoxicity against macrophages, and selectivity against the parasite. L. amazonensis promastigotes treated with compounds 2: and 9: showed decreased respiratory control of 38% and 25%, respectively, suggesting a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and lower ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielly Galdino Conrado
- Divisão de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Silva S de Oliveira
- Divisão de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Haddad Franco
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramos Gadelha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Garcia
- Divisão de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
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da Rocha Silva FB, Miguel DC, Machado VE, Oliveira WHC, Goulart TM, Tosta CD, Pinheiro HP, Pinto MC. Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection on the attractiveness of BALB/c mice to Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214574. [PMID: 30934013 PMCID: PMC6443145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors for several pathogens, with Leishmania being the most important. In Brazil, the main aetiological agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Nyssomyia neivai is one of its main vectors in São Paulo state and other areas of South America. Similar to other haematophagous insects, sand flies use volatile compounds called kairomones to locate their hosts for blood meals. A possible increase in the attractiveness of hosts infected with Leishmania infantum to their vectors has been demonstrated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether L. braziliensis-infected hosts present higher attractiveness to Ny. neivai and to identify differences in the volatile compounds released by infected and uninfected mice. RESULTS Behavioural experiments in which sand fly females directly fed on infected or uninfected mice showed no significant differences in the attractiveness of the mice or the blood volume ingested. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays also revealed no significant differences in the attractiveness of these hosts to Ny. neivai. No differences were observed in the profiles of the volatile compounds released by the two groups of mice. However, PCA and cluster analysis were able to classify the 31 identified compounds into three clusters according to their abundances. This classification showed a possible role for individual variation in the absence of differences in volatile profiles and attractiveness between infected and uninfected mice. CONCLUSION In this first cross-sectional study with an aetiological agent of ACL, there were no statistically significant differences in the attractiveness of infected hosts to their vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Benini da Rocha Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vicente Estevam Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Wanderson Henrique Cruz Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais Marchi Goulart
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Christiann Davis Tosta
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Matão, Matão, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hildete Prisco Pinheiro
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Mittra B, Laranjeira-Silva MF, Miguel DC, Perrone Bezerra de Menezes J, Andrews NW. The iron-dependent mitochondrial superoxide dismutase SODA promotes Leishmania virulence. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12324-12338. [PMID: 28550086 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the leading globally neglected diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. Leishmania infection depends on the ability of insect-transmitted metacyclic promastigotes to invade mammalian hosts, differentiate into amastigotes, and replicate inside macrophages. To counter the hostile oxidative environment inside macrophages, these protozoans contain anti-oxidant systems that include iron-dependent superoxide dismutases (SODs) in mitochondria and glycosomes. Increasing evidence suggests that in addition to this protective role, Leishmania mitochondrial SOD may also initiate H2O2-mediated redox signaling that regulates gene expression and metabolic changes associated with differentiation into virulent forms. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the specific role of SODA, the mitochondrial SOD isoform in Leishmania amazonensis Our inability to generate L. amazonensis SODA null mutants and the lethal phenotype observed following RNAi-mediated silencing of the Trypanosoma brucei SODA ortholog suggests that SODA is essential for trypanosomatid survival. L. amazonensis metacyclic promastigotes lacking one SODA allele failed to replicate in macrophages and were severely attenuated in their ability to generate cutaneous lesions in mice. Reduced expression of SODA also resulted in mitochondrial oxidative damage and failure of SODA/ΔsodA promastigotes to differentiate into axenic amastigotes. SODA expression above a critical threshold was also required for the development of metacyclic promastigotes, as SODA/ΔsodA cultures were strongly depleted in this infective form and more susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress. Collectively, our data suggest that SODA promotes Leishmania virulence by protecting the parasites against mitochondrion-generated oxidative stress and by initiating ROS-mediated signaling mechanisms required for the differentiation of infective forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyottam Mittra
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815
| | | | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815
| | | | - Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815.
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Miguel DC, Ferraz ML, Alves RDO, Yokoyama-Yasunaka JKU, Torrecilhas AC, Romanha AJ, Uliana SRB. The anticancer drug tamoxifen is active against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro but ineffective in the treatment of the acute phase of Chagas disease in mice. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 105:945-8. [PMID: 21120371 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000700021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the antineoplastic drug tamoxifen was evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi. In vitro activity was determined against epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of CL14, Y and Y benznidazole resistant T. cruzi strains. Regardless of the strain used, the drug was active against all life-cycle stages of the parasite with a half maximal effective concentration ranging from 0.7-17.9 µM. Two experimental models of acute Chagas disease were used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of treatment with tamoxifen. No differences in parasitemia and mortality were observed between control mock-treated and tamoxifen-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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da Silva Maffei R, Yokoyama-Yasunaka JKU, Miguel DC, Uliana SRB, Espósito BP. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antileishmanial activity of copper(II) with fluorinated α-hydroxycarboxylate ligands. Biometals 2009; 22:1095-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Souza GFP, Yokoyama-Yasunaka JKU, Seabra AB, Miguel DC, de Oliveira MG, Uliana SRB. Leishmanicidal activity of primary S-nitrosothiols against Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis: implications for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Nitric Oxide 2006; 15:209-16. [PMID: 16527502 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is considered a key molecule in the defense against intracellular pathogens, particularly Leishmania. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and consequent production of NO by infected macrophages has been shown to correlate with leishmaniasis resistance in the murine model as well as in human patients. Nitric oxide donors have been used successfully in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans, although their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. In the present work, the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of the NO-donors S-nitroso-N-acetyl-l-cysteine (SNAC) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) against Leishmania were evaluated. GSNO inhibited the growth of Leishmania major and Leishmania amazonensis with in vitro 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of 68.8+/-22.86 and 68.9+/-7.9 micromol L(-1), respectively. The IC(50) for SNAC against L. major and L. amazonensis were, respectively, 54.6+/-8.3 and 181.6+/-12.5 micromol L(-1). The leishmanicidal activity of GSNO, but not of SNAC, was reversed by ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT), suggesting that the mechanism of action of GSNO is related to the transnitrosation of parasite proteins. These results demonstrate that SNAC and GSNO have leishmanicidal activity, and are thus potential therapeutic agents against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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