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Ayoub D, Lopetuso LR, Chamseddine F, Dajani A, Lahiri K, Mahmoud H, Miqdady MS, Zirizzotti G, Sultan MA, Franceschi F, Gasbarrini A. Epidemiological evaluation of acute gastroenteritis and therapeutic approaches in Middle East Countries. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3891-3901. [PMID: 27735025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastroenteritis represents with respiratory tract infection the most common infectious disease syndrome of humans in developing countries. Gut microbiota regional variation and dysbiosis play a crucial role in triggering and worsening this devastating GI disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS With this manuscript, we want to explore and emphasize the critical aspect of acute gastroenteritis in Middle-East Countries and its correlation with the clinical aspect of gut microbiota modification and intestinal homeostasis. RESULTS Approximately 1 of 50 children born each year in developed nations is hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis sometime during childhood. The highest rate of illness occurs in children between 3 and 24 months of age. The common causes of diarrhea are infections with viruses and bacteria, diarrhea due to a systemic infection other than gastrointestinal, diarrhea associated with antibiotic administration, and feeding related diarrhea. The single most common diarrheal disorder observed in the Emergency Department and general practice is viral gastroenteritis. In particular, Rotavirus is the cause of more than 2 million hospitalizations and over half a million deaths from acute GE in infants and young children. This burden produces also direct and indirect economic costs. The use of probiotics to counterbalance commensal dysbiosis is emerging as a standard medical practice in these countries. CONCLUSIONS In this scenario, one of the most interesting aspects is that probiotics and gut microbiota modulation could deeply improve the prevention and treatment of this devastating GI pathology. At the same time, vaccination might represent a cost-effective strategy to reduce the health and economic burden of some pathogens, such as rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ayoub
- Dr Erfan and Bagedo General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Miller M, Ward T, Stolfi A, Ayoub D. Overrepresentation of multiple birth pregnancies in young infants with four metabolic bone disorders: further evidence that fetal bone loading is a critical determinant of fetal and young infant bone strength. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:1861-73. [PMID: 24696017 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The frequency of multiple birth pregnancies, mostly twin pregnancies, was overrepresented in four different groups of young infants with fractures and bone abnormalities. This finding suggests that fetal bone loading through fetal movement is an important determinant of fetal bone formation and its resultant bone strength. INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that intrauterine confinement related to the multiple birth pregnancy (MBP) may lead to an increased risk for fragility fractures in young infants as a result of decreased fetal bone loading. METHODS To objectively test this idea, the frequency of MBPs was evaluated in five groups of young infants with bone disorders: (1) infants exposed to prolonged in utero exposure to magnesium, (2) infants with dietary copper deficiency, (3) infants with rickets from vitamin D deficiency, (4) infants with temporary brittle bone disease, and (5) infants with multiple unexplained fractures in which child abuse was the most likely diagnosis. RESULTS Compared to a control group and controlled for preterm birth, there was a statistically greater frequency of MBPs in each group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest the following: (a) The overrepresentation of MBPs (95 % twins) in these five groups indicates that fetal bone loading is a critical determinant of fetal bone strength; (b) fetal and young infant bone strength is a multifactorial characteristic; and (c) infants from MBPs are at increased risk for fragility fractures during the first 12 months of life, and thus may be mistakenly diagnosed as victims of child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miller
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ob/Gyn, and Biomedical Engineering, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA,
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Call GB, Olson JM, Chen J, Villarasa N, Ngo KT, Yabroff AM, Cokus S, Pellegrini M, Bibikova E, Bui C, Cespedes A, Chan C, Chan S, Cheema AK, Chhabra A, Chitsazzadeh V, Do MT, Fang QA, Folick A, Goodstein GL, Huang CR, Hung T, Kim E, Kim W, Kim Y, Kohan E, Kuoy E, Kwak R, Lee E, Lee J, Lin H, Liu HCA, Moroz T, Prasad T, Prashad SL, Patananan AN, Rangel A, Rosselli D, Sidhu S, Sitz D, Taber CE, Tan J, Topp K, Tran P, Tran QM, Unkovic M, Wells M, Wickland J, Yackle K, Yavari A, Zaretsky JM, Allen CM, Alli L, An J, Anwar A, Arevalo S, Ayoub D, Badal SS, Baghdanian A, Baghdanian AH, Baumann SA, Becerra VN, Chan HJ, Chang AE, Cheng XA, Chin M, Chong F, Crisostomo C, Datta S, Delosreyes A, Diep F, Ekanayake P, Engeln M, Evers E, Farshidi F, Fischer K, Formanes AJ, Gong J, Gupta R, Haas BE, Hahm V, Hsieh M, Hui JZ, Iao ML, Jin SD, Kim AY, Kim LSH, King M, Knudsen-Robbins C, Kohanchi D, Kovshilovskaya B, Ku A, Kung RW, Landig MEL, Latterman SS, Lauw SS, Lee DS, Lee JS, Lei KC, Leung LL, Lerner R, Lin JY, Lin K, Lim BC, Lui CPY, Liu TQ, Luong V, Makshanoff J, Mei AC, Meza M, Mikhaeil YA, Moarefi M, Nguyen LH, Pai SS, Pandya M, Patel AR, Picard PD, Safaee MM, Salame C, Sanchez C, Sanchez N, Seifert CC, Shah A, Shilgevorkyan OH, Singh I, Soma V, Song JJ, Srivastava N, StaAna JL, Sun C, Tan D, Teruya AS, Tikia R, Tran T, Travis EG, Trinh JD, Vo D, Walsh T, Wong RS, Wu K, Wu YW, Yang NXV, Yeranosian M, Yu JS, Zhou JJ, Zhu RX, Abrams A, Abramson A, Amado L, Anderson J, Bashour K, Beyer E, Bookatz A, Brewer S, Buu N, Calvillo S, Cao J, Chan A, Chan J, Chang A, Chang D, Chang Y, Chen Y, Choi J, Chou J, Dang P, Datta S, Davarifar A, Deravanesian A, Desai P, Fabrikant J, Farnad S, Fu K, Garcia E, Garrone N, Gasparyan S, Gayda P, Go S, Goffstein C, Gonzalez C, Guirguis M, Hassid R, Hermogeno B, Hong J, Hong A, Hovestreydt L, Hu C, Huff D, Jamshidian F, Jen J, Kahen K, Kao L, Kelley M, Kho T, Kim Y, Kim S, Kirkpatrick B, Langenbacher A, Laxamana S, Lee J, Lee C, Lee SY, Lee TS, Lee T, Lewis G, Lezcano S, Lin P, Luu T, Luu J, Marrs W, Marsh E, Marshall J, Min S, Minasian T, Minye H, Misra A, Morimoto M, Moshfegh Y, Murray J, Nguyen K, Nguyen C, Nodado E, O'Donahue A, Onugha N, Orjiakor N, Padhiar B, Paul E, Pavel-Dinu M, Pavlenko A, Paz E, Phaklides S, Pham L, Poulose P, Powell R, Pusic A, Ramola D, Regalia K, Ribbens M, Rifai B, Saakyan M, Saarikoski P, Segura M, Shadpour F, Shemmassian A, Singh R, Singh V, Skinner E, Solomin D, Soneji K, Spivey K, Stageberg E, Stavchanskiy M, Tekchandani L, Thai L, Thiyanaratnam J, Tong M, Toor A, Tovar S, Trangsrud K, Tsang WY, Uemura M, Vollmer E, Weiss E, Wood D, Wu J, Wu S, Wu W, Xu Q, Yamauchi Y, Yarosh W, Yee L, Yen G, Banerjee U. Genomewide clonal analysis of lethal mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster eye: comparison of the X chromosome and autosomes. Genetics 2007; 177:689-97. [PMID: 17720911 PMCID: PMC2034635 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.077735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a large consortium of undergraduate students in an organized program at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), we have undertaken a functional genomic screen in the Drosophila eye. In addition to the educational value of discovery-based learning, this article presents the first comprehensive genomewide analysis of essential genes involved in eye development. The data reveal the surprising result that the X chromosome has almost twice the frequency of essential genes involved in eye development as that found on the autosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B Call
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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