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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) identifies key features of binge eating (BE) to include the consumption of a large amount of food and the perception of loss of control (LOC) over eating during a distinct episode. While earlier research has focused on food consumption, findings are now emerging on the role of LOC associated with the BE episodes, particularly in women. However, it is unclear that these findings are applicable to men without knowing how men experience LOC associated with BE. AIMS This study examined how college-age men describe LOC associated with BE. METHOD Previously collected qualitative data from a study examining BE in college age-students were used to examine responses from 53 men (mean age 19.9 ± 1.1 [SD] years). Respondents were asked about their individual experiences of LOC associated with BE episodes. Data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Four categories emerged from the data: (1) keep eating, (2) can't stop, (3) without thinking, and (4) food so good. CONCLUSIONS Findings extend the current understanding of LOC associated with BE in men and point to potential gender differences, and/or weight influences, based on previous reports. Identified categories may be potentially targeted areas for tailored therapy to enhance awareness and self-regulation of BE behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Wolfe
- Barbara E. Wolfe, PhD, APRN, FAAN, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Susan Kelly-Weeder
- Susan Kelly-Weeder, PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP, FAAN, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- Danny G. Willis, DNS, RN, PMHCNS-BC, CNE, FAAN, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary Leveillee
- Mary Leveillee, PhD, DNP, PMHCNS-BC, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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2
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Schneider JK, Abdullahi SG, Easton SD, Willis DG. Mantram repetition and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2022; 30:389-397. [PMID: 36427257 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One intervention that fosters mindfulness is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. Psychologically, mantram repetition can mitigate immediate stressors. When used consistently, mantram repetition promotes resilience and deepens mindfulness, thereby promoting recovery from distress. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This paper examines the overall effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The portable, cost-effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies. In people who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition can quiet the mind and pairs well with breathing exercises and routine activities such as walking or exercising, or during chores, thus, integrating the mantram into daily life. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One mindfulness intervention is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. AIM To examine the evidence of the effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). METHOD We searched 16 databases and retrieved 12 studies testing the effects of mantram repetition; only four of these measured aspects of psychological distress with comparison groups. RESULTS All studies showed positive effects ranging from very mild (.08) to very strong (.71). The summary effect across all studies was small (.23, p = .015). Importantly, this small effect was found when compared to treatment as usual and even psychotherapy. DISCUSSION The portable, cost-effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In patients who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition could be practiced with breathing exercises, when walking or exercising, or during chores, integrating the mantram into daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saratu Garba Abdullahi
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott D Easton
- Trauma Integration Initiative, Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Jennings Mathis K, Herbell K, Ali Muhammad Ali Charania N, Williams K, Mechling B, Ngosa Mumba M, Paun O, Willis DG. Lessons From the Field: Strategies for Success in Obtaining Grant Funding. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2022:10783903221124158. [PMID: 36171688 DOI: 10.1177/10783903221124158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize a preconference workshop that focused on how to be successful in obtaining funding by making one's scholarship innovative and significant. METHOD In 2021, at the annual American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) Conference, a panel of nurse scholars reflected on and discussed how to make grant proposals innovative and significant. Two moderators posed questions to five panelists at different stages in their research trajectories about four key research concepts: idea conception, framing for the funding agency, significance, and innovation. RESULTS Conceptualizing an innovative, scholarly idea starts with a passion for the topic, a team of experts and scholarly community, and time to think and delve into the literature. For funding opportunities, start small, read the funding announcements thoroughly and carefully, and make sure it is the right fit. Strategies to illustrate significance include avoiding generalizations, maintaining objectivity, being clear about impact, and using strength-based language. Contemplate the many facets of innovation as well as balance innovation and feasibility. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of challenges in composing significance and innovation sections of grant proposals offers knowledge for psychiatric nurse researchers to add to their toolkits as they seek funding and conduct research and scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jennings Mathis
- Karen Jennings Mathis, PhD, APRN, PMHNP-BC, FAED, The University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kayla Herbell
- Kayla Herbell, PhD, RN, The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Williams
- Kimberly Williams, DNS, RN, ANP-BC, PMHNP-BC, PHNA-BC, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Brandy Mechling
- Brandy Mechling, PhD, RN, PMHCNS-BC, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Mercy Ngosa Mumba
- Mercy Mumba, PhD, RN, CMSRN, FAAN, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Olimpia Paun
- Olimpia Paun, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, FGSA, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- Danny G. Willis, DNS, RN, PMHCNS-BC, CNE, FAAN, Saint Louis University Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Ye L, Li W, Willis DG. Facilitators and barriers to getting obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed: perspectives from patients and their partners. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:835-841. [PMID: 34672944 PMCID: PMC8883110 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that is significantly underdiagnosed. The majority of adults sleep with someone-a partner. Partners can play a significant role in the patient's OSA diagnosis. The goal of this work is to describe facilitators and barriers to OSA diagnosis as discussed by patients with OSA and their partners. METHODS This was a qualitative secondary analysis with results drawn from 20 dyadic interviews, conducted 1 couple at a time, in 20 newly diagnosed adult patients with OSA and their partners. Qualitative interview data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Facilitators of OSA diagnosis were partners pushing patients to seek care, patients actively seeking care, and care providers identifying the patient's risk of OSA. Barriers to OSA diagnosis were patients' lack of serious attention to symptoms, patients' negative perceptual framing of diagnosis and treatment of OSA, and poor coordination of health care services. CONCLUSIONS We recommend engaging partners in the OSA diagnosis and developing educational and behavioral interventions to raise public awareness about OSA. It is important to educate clinicians on atypical presentations of OSA. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the impact of health care services on OSA diagnosis. CITATION Ye L, Li W, Willis DG. Facilitators and barriers to getting obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed: perspectives from patients and their partners. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):835-841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Ye
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,Address correspondence to: Lichuan Ye, PhD, RN, School of Nursing, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 207c Robinson Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Tel: (617) 373-2582;
| | - Winnie Li
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danny G. Willis
- Trudy Busch Valentine School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri
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Mahoney EK, Milliken A, Mahoney KJ, Edwards-Orr M, Willis DG. "It's Changed Everything": Voices of Veterans in the Veteran-Directed Home and Community Based Services Program. J Gerontol Soc Work 2019; 62:129-148. [PMID: 29621432 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1458054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the value and impact of the Veteran-Directed Home and Community Based Services program (VD-HCBS) on Veterans' lives in their own voices. Focus groups and individual interviews by telephone were conducted to elicit participant perspectives on what was most meaningful, and what difference VD-HCBS made in their lives. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. The sample included 21 Veterans, with a mean age of 66±14, enrolled in VD-HCBS an average of 20.8 months. All were at risk of institutional placement based on their level of disability. Five major categories captured the information provided by participants: What a Difference Choice Makes; I'm a Person!; It's a Home-Saver; Coming Back to Life; and Keeping Me Healthy & Safe. Participants described the program as life changing. This study is the first time that Veterans themselves have identified the ways in which VD-HCBS impacted their lives, uncovering the mechanisms underlying positive outcomes. These categories revealed new ways of understanding VD-HCBS as an innovative approach to meeting the person-centered needs of Veterans wishing to remain at home, while experiencing quality care and leading meaningful lives, areas identified as priorities for improving long term services and supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Mahoney
- a William F. Connell School of Nursing , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Aimee Milliken
- a William F. Connell School of Nursing , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Kevin J Mahoney
- b School of Social Work , Boston College ; Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Merle Edwards-Orr
- b School of Social Work , Boston College ; Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- a William F. Connell School of Nursing , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
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6
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of control (LOC) over eating is a cardinal feature of the DSM-5 definition of binge eating (BE). While this behavior is frequently reported in college-age women, there is limited research on descriptions of loss of control from first-person accounts from individuals reporting LOC associated with BE. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate descriptions of LOC associated with BE episodes in college-age women who reported recent BE behavior. STUDY DESIGN A secondary analysis of previously collected qualitative data on BE behaviors in college students was conducted. Two hundred and twenty-one college-age women's (age = 19.77 ± 1.03) comments regarding the experiences of LOC associated with BE episodes were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Codes were inductively generated allowing categories to emerge from the data codes. RESULTS Three major overarching descriptive categories were identified: (1) LOC over eating, (2) feelings associated with the LOC, and (3) cognitive dispositions (thoughts) associated with LOC during a BE episode. DISCUSSION The findings of this study expand the current literature on LOC over eating and provide a number of potential targets for intervention with college-age women who report BE behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kelly-Weeder
- 1 Susan Kelly-Weeder, PhD, FNP-BC, FAANP, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- 2 Danny G. Willis, DNS, RN, PMHCNS-BC, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura Mata Lopez
- 3 Laura Mata Lopez, MSN, PMHNP-BC, Lifelong Medical Care, San Pablo, CA, USA
| | - Brianna Sacco
- 4 Brianna Sacco, MSN, RN, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Barbara E Wolfe
- 5 Barbara E. Wolfe, PhD, RN, FAAN, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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7
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Abstract
A phenomenon of interest for nursing is the facilitation of humanistic health care experiences and quality of life (Willis, Grace, & Roy, 2008 ). Inquiry into the concept of thriving as it manifests in the older adult residing in long-term care aligns with this interest. Thriving has been described by scholars in various disciplines but no context-specific definition for the LTC resident currently exists. Contrary to the generally held negative view of LTC, there is emerging evidence that older adult LTC residents "do well" or thrive in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Sullivan
- a Department of Nursing , Salve Regina University , Newport , United States
| | - Danny G Willis
- b School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Madison , Madison , United States
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Gillespie GL, Willis DG, Amar AF. Review and application of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine bullying or cyberbullying recommendations for screening and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. Nurs Outlook 2018; 66:372-378. [PMID: 29699772 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bullying has been long seen as a natural part of childhood and adolescence. However, a growing body of evidence suggests bullying and now cyberbullying may inflict harm or distress on targeted youth including physical, psychological, social, or educational harm. The purpose of this paper is to endorse the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine statement, summarize the report, and apply the recommendations to screening lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth related to bullying and cyberbullying; line 11 change exemplified to discussed. Screening for bullying against youth; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth as a high-risk group for bullying victimization; and implications to address bullying against youth are exemplified. Nurses need to promote policies that foster inclusive, supportive, safe, and healthy schools and environments for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny G Willis
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Angela F Amar
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
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9
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Gruenfeld E, Willis DG, Easton SD. "A Very Steep Climb": Therapists' Perspectives on Barriers to Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse Experiences for Men. J Child Sex Abus 2017; 26:731-751. [PMID: 28657500 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2017.1332704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that men experience unique barriers to disclosure of child sexual abuse. Blind spots held by mental health providers and social service agencies may inadvertently help produce and sustain these barriers. However, therapists who specialize in treating this population may also hold important insights into the barriers clients face. Because delayed and nondisclosure of child sexual abuse have been associated with negative mental health outcomes for adult survivors, understanding these barriers is critical to improve clinical practice and facilitate help-seeking. Using conventional content analysis, this study examined the perceptions of nine therapists who specialize in the treatment of men who were sexually abused in childhood, many of whom are considered pioneers in the field. Analyses identified nine types of barriers, which were organized into three categories: intrapersonal experience (difficult feelings, lack of language, and self-engagement), social milieu (internalized social stigma, negative responses, social loss or judgment, and masculine identity dissonance), and health care environment (structural barriers, relational challenges with therapists, and unhelpful therapeutic strategies). Implications for future research, clinical training, and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gruenfeld
- a School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- b William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Scott D Easton
- a School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
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10
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Ye L, Antonelli MT, Willis DG, Kayser K, Malhotra A, Patel SR. Couples' experiences with continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a dyadic perspective. Sleep Health 2017; 3:362-367. [PMID: 28923193 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The majority of adults sleep with a partner, making sleep a dyadic experience. However, interventions to improve sleep have primarily focused on individuals. This qualitative analysis used a dyadic approach to identify facilitators and barriers to successful treatment of one of the most common sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). METHODS Twenty joint qualitative interviews were conducted with couples, one couple at a time, with a sample of 20 patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their partners to develop an understanding of couples' experiences with CPAP use. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Conventional qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. RESULTS Facilitators of CPAP use were the following: the partner aiding diagnosis and treatment, couples working together using CPAP, the perceived benefits of CPAP for both partners, the patient being motivated to use CPAP for the benefit of the partner, and various types of support provided by the partner to encourage CPAP use. Major barriers to CPAP use were the following: anxiety related to CPAP use particularly in the beginning of therapy, bothersome equipment causing disruptions in sleep and bedtime routine, interruptions to intimacy, and concern about image change while wearing CPAP. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that couple-directed interventions that advocate for a mutually engaging perspective and promote supportive relationships and positive dyadic coping may be targets for improving CPAP adherence. Further research evaluating the potential of couple-focused interventions to improve sleep health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Ye
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences School of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mary T Antonelli
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karen Kayser
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Perry DJ, Willis DG, Peterson KS, Grace PJ. Exercising Nursing Essential and Effective Freedom in Behalf of Social Justice: A Humanizing Model. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2017; 40:242-260. [PMID: 27608147 DOI: 10.1097/ans.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article expands upon previous work by the authors to develop a model of nursing essential and effective freedom to facilitate nursing action in behalf of social justice. The article proposes that while social justice is rooted in nursing's ontological, epistemological, and moral foundations, the discipline's social justice mandate is constrained by its historical and contemporary location within an institutionalized medical paradigm. We present a model of nursing "essential" and "effective" freedom based on the philosophy of Bernard Lonergan to illustrate how nursing can transcend these barriers. This humanizing model is illustrated through personal narratives of the authors.
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Jurchak M, Grace PJ, Lee SM, Willis DG, Zollfrank AA, Robinson EM. Developing Abilities to Navigate Through the Grey Zones in Complex Environments: Nurses’ Reasons for Applying to a Clinical Ethics Residency for Nurses. J Nurs Scholarsh 2017; 49:445-455. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Jurchak
- Executive Director, Ethics Service; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - Pamela J. Grace
- Alpha Chi , Associate Professor, Boston College; William F. Connell School of Nursing; Chestnut Hill MA USA
| | - Susan M. Lee
- Senior Nurse Scientist, Center for Nursing Excellence; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA USA
| | - Danny G. Willis
- Associate Professor & Department Chair; Boston College; William F. Connell School of Nursing; Chestnut Hill MA USA
| | - Angelika A. Zollfrank
- Coordinator of Pastoral Education, Department of Spiritual Care; Yale-New Haven Hospital; New Haven CT USA
| | - Ellen M. Robinson
- Alpha Chi , Nurse Ethicist, Patient Care Services Institute for Patient Care; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents often become the caregivers for their adult children with serious mental illness (SMI) due to the chronic and debilitating course of the illness and shortages in funding for community mental health services and residential placements. OBJECTIVE To examine parents' management styles when caring for adult children with SMI and parents' perspectives on what type of community-based mental health interventions would support and/or enhance overall family functioning. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews with parents caring for adult children with SMI. The study was undergirded by Knafl and Deatrick's Family Management Style Framework. RESULTS Four major themes emerged from the data describing prolonged and difficult phases that parents and the family undergo in caring for an adult child with SMI. CONCLUSIONS Successful management of these phases must include increasing access to mental health information, mental health screening, early interventions, and violence prevention for adult children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Y Raymond
- 1 Kathryn Y. Raymond, PhD, RN, APRN, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- 2 Danny G. Willis, DNS, RN, PMHCNS-BC, FAAN, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Susan Sullivan-Bolyai
- 3 Susan Sullivan-Bolyai, DNSc, RN, CNS, FAAN, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Mahoney JS, Lewin L, Beeber L, Willis DG. Using Liberating Structures to Increase Engagement in Identifying Priorities for the APNA Research Council. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2016; 22:504-507. [PMID: 27519614 DOI: 10.1177/1078390316663308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, the Co-Chairs and Steering Committee of the Research Council members recognized the need to reevaluate the council's priorities. OBJECTIVE To determine the top priorities for the Research Council. DESIGN Use of liberating structures: Impromptu Speed Networking, 1-2-4-all, and Crowd Sourcing. RESULTS Identified Research Council priorities included the following: efforts to increase psychiatric mental health (PMH) research funding; serve as a connector to bring researchers together; foster research through state chapters; increase collaboration between PhDs and DNPs; and develop models for organizational support for PMH staff nurse involvement in research. CONCLUSIONS The liberating structures used are valuable strategies for engaging groups of people to identify what matters most to the group. Through the use of these novel techniques, the American Psychiatric Nurses Association Research Council has identified priorities for the work of the council. This has led to actions planned for the coming future with the intent to move PMH nursing research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane S Mahoney
- Jane S. Mahoney, PhD, RN, PMHCNS-BC, The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linda Lewin
- Linda Lewin, PhD, PMHCNS-BC, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linda Beeber
- Linda Beeber, PhD, RN, CS, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- Danny G. Willis, DNS, PMHCNS-BC, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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Willis DG, Sullivan-Bolyai S, Knafl K, Cohen MZ. Distinguishing Features and Similarities Between Descriptive Phenomenological and Qualitative Description Research. West J Nurs Res 2016; 38:1185-204. [PMID: 27106878 DOI: 10.1177/0193945916645499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scholars who research phenomena of concern to the discipline of nursing are challenged with making wise choices about different qualitative research approaches. Ultimately, they want to choose an approach that is best suited to answer their research questions. Such choices are predicated on having made distinctions between qualitative methodology, methods, and analytic frames. In this article, we distinguish two qualitative research approaches widely used for descriptive studies: descriptive phenomenological and qualitative description. Providing a clear basis that highlights the distinguishing features and similarities between descriptive phenomenological and qualitative description research will help students and researchers make more informed choices in deciding upon the most appropriate methodology in qualitative research. We orient the reader to distinguishing features and similarities associated with each approach and the kinds of research questions descriptive phenomenological and qualitative description research address.
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Grace PJ, Willis DG, Roy C, Jones DA. Profession at the crossroads: A dialog concerning the preparation of nursing scholars and leaders. Nurs Outlook 2016; 64:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Easton SD, Leone-Sheehan DM, Sophis EJ, Willis DG. "From that moment on my life changed": turning points in the healing process for men recovering from child sexual abuse. J Child Sex Abus 2015; 24:152-173. [PMID: 25747418 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2015.997413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that child sexual abuse often undermines the health of boys and men across the lifespan. However, some male survivors experience a turning point marking a positive change in their health trajectories and healing process. Although frequently discussed in reference to physical health problems or addictions, very little is known about turning points with respect to child sexual abuse for men. The purpose of this secondary qualitative analysis was to describe the different types of turning points experienced by male survivors who completed the 2010 Health and Well-Being Survey (N = 250). Using conventional content analysis, researchers identified seven types of turning points that were classified into three broad categories: influential relationships (professional and group support, personal relationships), insights and new meanings (cognitive realizations, necessity to change, spiritual transformation), and action-oriented communication (disclosure of CSA, pursuit of justice). Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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Abstract
The authors present an explanation of the development of a situation-specific theory of men’s healing from maltreatment during childhood. Development of the theory was guided by Rogers’ science of unitary human beings (SUHB). The four multidimensional concepts of the theory are interpreted within the context of the SUHB from themes discovered from the findings of a hermeneutic phenomenological study of men who had been exposed to childhood maltreatment, including neglect and abuse. The concepts are: moving beyond suffering, desiring release from suffering, dwelling in suffering, and experiencing wellbeing. Moving beyond suffering is the process of healing from childhood maltreatment. Desiring release from suffering is the facilitator of men’s life experiences that speeds up the rate of evolution from moving beyond suffering to experiencing healing. Dwelling in suffering is the barrier in men’s life experiences that slows down the rate of evolution from moving beyond suffering to experiencing wellbeing.
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Willis DG, Beeber L, Mahoney J, Sharp D. Strategies for advancing psychiatric-mental health nursing science relevant to practice: Perspectives from the American Psychiatric Nurses Association research council co-chairs. Contemp Nurse 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2010.11002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dionne-Odom JN, Willis DG, Bakitas M, Crandall B, Grace PJ. Conceptualizing surrogate decision making at end of life in the intensive care unit using cognitive task analysis. Nurs Outlook 2014; 63:331-40. [PMID: 25982772 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surrogate decision makers (SDMs) face difficult decisions at end of life (EOL) for decisionally incapacitated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. PURPOSE To identify and describe the underlying psychological processes of surrogate decision making for adults at EOL in the ICU. METHODS Qualitative case study design using a cognitive task analysis interviewing approach. Participants were recruited from October 2012 to June 2013 from an academic tertiary medical center's ICU located in the rural Northeastern United States. Nineteen SDMs for patients who had died in the ICU completed in-depth semistructured cognitive task analysis interviews. DISCUSSION The conceptual framework formulated from data analysis reveals that three underlying, iterative, psychological dimensions (gist impressions, distressing emotions, and moral intuitions) impact an SDM's judgment about the acceptability of either the patient's medical treatments or his or her condition. CONCLUSION The framework offers initial insights about the underlying psychological processes of surrogate decision making and may facilitate enhanced decision support for SDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny G Willis
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA
| | - Marie Bakitas
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL
| | - Beth Crandall
- Applied Research Associates, Inc, Cognitive Solutions Division, Fairborn, OH
| | - Pamela J Grace
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA
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Willis DG, Rhodes AM, Dionne-Odom JN, Lee K, Terreri P. A hermeneutic phenomenological understanding of men's healing from childhood maltreatment. J Holist Nurs 2014; 33:46-57; quiz 58-9. [PMID: 25294593 DOI: 10.1177/0898010114552706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and interpret men's experience of healing from childhood maltreatment. DESIGN Hermeneutic phenomenological. METHOD In-depth interviews. Community-based purposive, maximum variation sampling approach. Recruitment occurred through posting flyers and advertisements. Verbatim data were analyzed and themes of the meaning of healing were identified. FINDINGS The meaning of healing was interpreted as "moving beyond suffering." Five themes were identified to capture the multidimensional nature of the phenomenon: (a) breaking through the masculine veneer, (b) finding meaning, (c) choosing to live well, (d) caring for the self using holistic healing methods, and (e) engaging in humanizing relationships. CONCLUSIONS Men who survived childhood maltreatment have needs to heal holistically mind, body, and spirit. Meeting their needs requires the provision of highly compassionate humanistic healing environments and healing-promotive nursing care.
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Easton SD, Saltzman LY, Willis DG. “Would you tell under circumstances like that?”: Barriers to disclosure of child sexual abuse for men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 2014. [DOI: 10.1037/a0034223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Willis DG, Thomas SP. Introduction to this special edition on men's mental health. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014; 35:568. [PMID: 25072208 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2014.929373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Willis DG, Zucchero TL, DeSanto-Madeya S, Ross R, Leone D, Kaubris S, Moll K, Kuhlow E, Easton SD. Dwelling in suffering: barriers to men's healing from childhood maltreatment. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2014; 35:569-79. [PMID: 25072209 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.856972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on findings from a hermeneutic phenomenological study, this article provides a description and interpretation of barriers to healing that men encountered in the aftermath of childhood maltreatment. An analysis of interview data collected from 52 adult male survivors healing from childhood maltreatment identified a theme, Dwelling in Suffering, as representing the full range of barriers that impeded their healing. Subthemes of Dwelling in Suffering Personally, Relationally, and Social-Environmentally are discussed. This research highlights a complex understanding of the challenges men experience in healing from childhood maltreatment and the need for practice interventions and future research to ameliorate men's suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
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Ye L, Malhotra A, Kayser K, Willis DG, Horowitz JA, Aloia MS, Weaver TE. Spousal involvement and CPAP adherence: a dyadic perspective. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 19:67-74. [PMID: 24906222 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Poor adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment is associated with substantial health care costs, morbidity and mortality, and has been a leading obstacle in the effective management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Successful interventions to improve CPAP adherence may ultimately include a variety of components. For patients living with spouses (refers to all domestic partners), the spouse will likely be an integral component to any successful intervention. Developing understanding of the role of spouses in adherence to CPAP has been identified to be a critical research need. This review expands the investigation of CPAP adherence to a broader context, from an exclusive focus on individual patients to a dyadic perspective encompassing both patients and their spouses. A conceptual framework based on social support and social control theories is proposed to understand spousal involvement in CPAP adherence. Methodologies for future investigations are discussed, along with implications for developing interventions that engage both patients and their spouses to improve CPAP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Ye
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
| | - Atul Malhotra
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Kayser
- University of Louisville Kent School of Social Work, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Danny G Willis
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - June A Horowitz
- Thomas Jefferson University School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Terri E Weaver
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Grace PJ, Willis DG. Nursing responsibilities and social justice: An analysis in support of disciplinary goals. Nurs Outlook 2012; 60:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Willis DG, Beeber LS. A clinical translation of the research article titled "altruism in survivors of sexual violence: the typology of helping others". J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2012; 18:156-8. [PMID: 22706157 DOI: 10.1177/1078390312448821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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Willis DG. A clinical translation of the research article titled "adolescents' experiences with uxoricide". J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2011; 17:124-6. [PMID: 21659302 DOI: 10.1177/1078390311401913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
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Willis DG, Griffith CA. Healing Patterns Revealed in Middle School Boys' Experiences of Being Bullied Using Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB). Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2010; 23:125-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Sexual abuse by educators has become an increasingly noted type of sexual abuse, especially among adolescents, for two reasons. First, there is a potential for these cases to be silent and prolonged and second, when disclosed, the forensic implications usually include both criminal and/or civil sanctions. For forensic case evaluations, developmental traumatology, or the intersection of the traumatic event(s) at a particular age of the student, is often the evaluating framework. We report on two forensic cases of a female student and a male student to emphasize the dynamics of adolescent sexual victimization, its impact on adolescent development, and evidence-based practice for symptom identification and treatment.
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Willis DG, Beeber L, Mahoney J, Sharp D. Strategies for advancing psychiatric-mental health nursing science relevant to practice. Perspectives from the American Psychiatric Nurses Association research council co-chairs. Contemp Nurse 2010; 34:135-139. [PMID: 20690224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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Willis DG, Grace PJ. A response to âOntologies of nursing in an age of spiritual pluralism: closed or open worldview?â by Barbara Pesut: our review of the Central Unifying Focus perspective as implying an open worldview: a clarification. Nurs Philos 2010; 11:24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-769x.2009.00427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Male-on-male rape is a critical and timely topic for mental health nurses as they continue to improve their value to society. Only recently have scholars begun to address adult male sexual assault and rape survivorship. A reality for some of the men mental health nurses encounter in practice, male sexual assault and rape causes despair and suffering for which mental health nurses can help facilitate health and healing. As illustrated in a case review of male-on-male rape and selected literature, quality humanistic interpersonal relationships are deemed important for the survivor's health. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2009; 14(6), 454-461.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- William F. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Massachusetts,
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Abstract
The purposes of this study were to describe gay men's experiences of hate crime and understand the meanings they attribute to it. Data were analyzed from individual interviews with seven gay men who recounted nine separate hate crimes. Participants perceived their hate crimes as homophobic acts of verbal harassment and violent assault targeted at silencing their identities, which they actively resisted. They perceived the aftermath as an extended period of time in which they lived with a heightened awareness of self, others, and the environment. This heightened awareness was reported to disrupt intimacy and social connectedness while they attempted to make meaning of their experiences and heal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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38
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Willis DG, Porche DJ. Envisioning and advancing marginalized men's health disparities scholarship: the marginality-cultural competence integrative framework (M-CCIF). Issues Ment Health Nurs 2006; 27:425-42. [PMID: 16546939 DOI: 10.1080/01612840600569682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Given the current focus of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on eliminating health disparities among minority populations, a substantive body of culturally competent scholarship about marginalized men's health disparities is needed to add knowledge about the complex features, processes, and relationships underlying health disparities, marginality, men's health, interventions, and clinical outcomes. Marginalized men in the United States suffer disproportionately from mental and chronic health problems. Historically disadvantaged, their voices have not been privileged in health care and clinical discourses. Utilizing the concepts of marginalization and culturally competent scholarship, an integrative framework has been created to facilitate clinicians and scholars in envisioning and advancing critical scholarship related to marginalized men's health disparities.
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Abstract
Considerable gender disparity exists in the incidence of HIV/AIDS in men, with men experiencing the largest burden of this epidemic. In addition, over six million men in the United States experience depressive disorders. HIV-infected men experience the three most common depressive disorders-major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Comorbidity associated with the dual diagnosis of HIV infection and common depressive disorders in men is a critical men's health issue. This article's purpose is to increase health care professionals' awareness and knowledge regarding the significant impact of a dual diagnosis of HIV infection and depression on men's health.
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Abstract
Men's health is a holistic, comprehensive approach that addresses the physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual life experiences and health needs of men throughout their lifespan. The men's health movement consists of various movements that are melding into a central focus on men's health and well being. Current health policy is attempting to establish an Office of Men's Health. A men's health nurse practitioner role is proposed for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrius J Porche
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, 1900 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Willis DG, Porche DJ. Male battering of intimate partners: theoretical underpinnings, intervention approaches, and implications. Nurs Clin North Am 2004; 39:271-82. [PMID: 15159179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Male battering of intimate partners is a serious men's health issue related to violence that calls for the profession of nursing to engage in practice, research, education, and policy initiatives. It inflicts damage and harm to society, and no one is insulated from the problem completely because of its social, health, and legal implications. Scholars and practitioners lack an adequate understanding of the confluence of myriad sociological, psychological, biological, and environmental risk factors in the developmental pathways to male battering. Prevention at the primary and secondary level of intervention is thwarted. Existing models of intervention have been useful in confronting the problem of male battering, but large-scale evaluations and clinical trials of intervention approaches are needed. Interventionists operate from varied theoretical perspectives, so that there is no general consensus on what constitutes best practices. Nursing, health-related, sociological, and criminal justice professionals have an excellent and timely opportunity to improve the health, safety, and well-being of individuals, families, and communities by addressing male battering in their scholarship and practice endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Nursing, 1900 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Abstract
A number of articles in the nursing literature discuss the differences between descriptive and interpretive approaches to doing phenomenology. A review of studies demonstrates, however, that many researchers do not articulate which approach guides the study, nor do they identify the philosophical assumptions on which the study is based. Such lack of clarity makes it difficult for the reader to obtain a sense of how the knowledge produced by the study is to be evaluated and used. In this article, the authors compare the philosophical components of descriptive and interpretive approaches to doing phenomenology and illustrate types of knowledge produced by each through reviewing specific studies. They focus on the various uses of phenomenology in generating useful knowledge for health care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay A Lopez
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA
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43
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Abstract
As the United States has become more multicultural and diverse, there has been an increase in violence motivated by hate. Hate crimes against gay males are the most prevalent of the hate crimes based on sexual orientation. Hate crimes have their roots in normative, individual, and societal attitudes and ideologies that lead to intimidation, bullying, teasing, physical assault, rape, and murder. This paper provides an overview of the issues specific to hate crime assaults against gay males. Mental health nurses may find this knowledge useful in developing further nursing inquiry, education, and clinical practice related to hate crime and violence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny G Willis
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Hanson RJ, Sun J, Willis DG, Marzluff WF. Efficient extraction and partial purification of the polyribosome-associated stem-loop binding protein bound to the 3' end of histone mRNA. Biochemistry 1996; 35:2146-56. [PMID: 8652556 DOI: 10.1021/bi9521856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Replication-dependent histone mRNAs end in a highly conserved stem-loop sequence rather than a polyA sequence. A 45-kDa stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), which specifically binds the stem-loop of histone mRNA, is present in both polyribosomes and nuclei. An identical 45-kDa protein, as determined by partial protease digestion, is cross-linked to a 30 nt RNA containing the 3' stem-loop from both nuclei and polyribosomes. The SLBP can also be detected by a Northwestern blot procedure using the 30 nt RNA as a probe. As judged from the Northwestern assay, more than 90% of the SLBP in the cell is found in the polyribosomes with the remaining SLBP localized to the nucleus. Only 5-10% of the SLBP could be extracted from the polyribosomes with salt. Treatment of the polyribosomes with micrococcal nuclease prior to salt extraction solubilized 5-10 times more SLBP as an RNA-protein complex. The SLBP could be subsequently partially purified from this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hanson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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Carper SW, Willis DG, Manning KA, Gerner EW. Spermidine acetylation in response to a variety of stresses in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:12439-41. [PMID: 2061318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock, cold shock, ethanol, and alkaline shift, but not hydrogen peroxide, stimulate the accumulation of monoacetylspermidine in Escherichia coli. Acetylation occurs with nearly equal frequencies at both the N1 and N8 positions of this ubiquitous polycation. Spermidine acetylation does not appear to be associated with known stress regulons, such as htpR, oxyR, and SOS. E. coli, capable of acetylating spermidine, constitutively express a spermidine acetyltransferase activity during all phases of growth, and this activity is unaffected by cold shock. A mutant strain, incapable of acetylating spermidine, does not express this enzyme activity but grows at an identical rate as the parent strain at 37 degrees C. These results demonstrate that the monoacetylation of spermidine in E. coli is regulated by some mechanism other than a stress-inducible acetyltransferase and is not essential for growth of these cells. They suggest that polyamine acetylation is involved in the responses of these organisms to a variety of chemical and physical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Carper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724
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Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that individuals with chronic iron overload may be at increased risk of bacterial infection. We studied this question by using a unique model in which mice homozygous for a deletion in the gene encoding for the beta-major globin develop moderate anemia, splenomegaly, and tissue iron overload, a syndrome similar to beta-thalassemia in humans. Mice heterozygous for the gene deletion were phenotypically normal. Homozygous mice were significantly more susceptible to infection with Listeria monocytogenes than were heterozygous mice (P less than 0.01). This increased susceptibility was associated with a greater number of organisms in the liver and spleen than was found in heterozygous mice (P less than 0.05). However, histologic studies demonstrated similar inflammatory responses within these organs in homozygous and heterozygous mice. The increased susceptibility of homozygous mice to infection with L. monocytogenes was not seen when homozygotes were immunized with a low dose of L. monocytogenes. Although the results were not as striking as with L. monocytogenes, homozygous mice were also found to be more susceptible to infection with Salmonella typhimurium than were heterozygous mice (P less than 0.05). Splenic mononuclear cells from homozygous mice demonstrated less responsiveness in vitro to the mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin than did those from heterozygotes (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that there is a generalized defect in innate immunity in homozygous mice which makes them more susceptible to infection by L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium. The site of this immunological defect is not known but is most likely in the mononuclear phagocyte and may be due to tissue iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ampel
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
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Chinault AC, Blakesley VA, Roessler E, Willis DG, Smith CA, Cook RG, Fenwick RG. Characterization of transferable plasmids from Shigella flexneri 2a that confer resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Plasmid 1986; 15:119-31. [PMID: 3517903 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(86)90048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A set of plasmids conferring resistance to several antibiotics, including the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, has been isolated from Escherichia coli following conjugative cotransfer from a clinical isolate of Shigella flexneri 2a. One of the plasmids, pCN1, was shown by subcloning and DNA sequencing to carry a gene encoding a trimethoprim-insensitive dihydrofolate reductase identical to that found in E. coli transposon 7. This plasmid was also shown to confer resistance to both streptomycin and spectinomycin by production of an adenylyltransferase that inactivated the drugs and the gene encoding this enzyme has also been sequenced. A second plasmid from the set, pCN2, was shown to inactivate streptomycin by a phosphotransferase mechanism and also to confer resistance to sulfonamides. The third plasmid from the set could not be correlated with a drug-resistance phenotype, but does appear to play a crucial role in plasmid mobilization.
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