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Limorenko G, Tatli M, Kolla R, Nazarov S, Weil MT, Schöndorf DC, Geist D, Reinhardt P, Ehrnhoefer DE, Stahlberg H, Gasparini L, Lashuel HA. Fully co-factor-free ClearTau platform produces seeding-competent Tau fibrils for reconstructing pathological Tau aggregates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3939. [PMID: 37402718 PMCID: PMC10319797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein fibrillization is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases collectively known as Tauopathies. For decades, investigating Tau fibrillization in vitro has required the addition of polyanions or other co-factors to induce its misfolding and aggregation, with heparin being the most commonly used. However, heparin-induced Tau fibrils exhibit high morphological heterogeneity and a striking structural divergence from Tau fibrils isolated from Tauopathies patients' brains at ultra- and macro-structural levels. To address these limitations, we developed a quick, cheap, and effective method for producing completely co-factor-free fibrils from all full-length Tau isoforms and mixtures thereof. We show that Tau fibrils generated using this ClearTau method - ClearTau fibrils - exhibit amyloid-like features, possess seeding activity in biosensor cells and hiPSC-derived neurons, retain RNA-binding capacity, and have morphological properties and structures more reminiscent of the properties of the brain-derived Tau fibrils. We present the proof-of-concept implementation of the ClearTau platform for screening Tau aggregation-modifying compounds. We demonstrate that these advances open opportunities to investigate the pathophysiology of disease-relevant Tau aggregates and will facilitate the development of Tau pathology-targeting and modifying therapies and PET tracers that can distinguish between different Tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Limorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meltem Tatli
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rajasekhar Kolla
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Nazarov
- Biological Electron Microscopy Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - David C Schöndorf
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Daniela Geist
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fund. Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Reinhardt L, Musacchio F, Bichmann M, Behrendt A, Ercan-Herbst E, Stein J, Becher I, Haberkant P, Mader J, Schöndorf DC, Schmitt M, Korffmann J, Reinhardt P, Pohl C, Savitski M, Klein C, Gasparini L, Fuhrmann M, Ehrnhoefer DE. Dual truncation of tau by caspase-2 accelerates its CHIP-mediated degradation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106126. [PMID: 37086756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal aggregates of the microtubule binding protein Tau are a hallmark of different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these aggregates, Tau is modified by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation as well as by proteolytic cleavage. Here we identify a novel Tau cleavage site at aspartate 65 (D65) that is specific for caspase-2. In addition, we show that the previously described cleavage site at D421 is also efficiently processed by caspase-2, and both sites are cleaved in human brain samples. Caspase-2-generated Tau fragments show increased aggregation potential in vitro, but do not accumulate in vivo after AAV-mediated overexpression in mouse hippocampus. Interestingly, we observe that steady-state protein levels of caspase-2 generated Tau fragments are low in our in vivo model despite strong RNA expression, suggesting efficient clearance. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that caspase-2 cleavage significantly improves the recognition of Tau by the ubiquitin E3 ligase CHIP, leading to increased ubiquitination and faster degradation of Tau fragments. Taken together our data thus suggest that CHIP-induced ubiquitination is of particular importance for the clearance of caspase-2 generated Tau fragments in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Reinhardt
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Musacchio
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Bichmann
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Behrendt
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Stein
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Isabelle Becher
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Mader
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - David C Schöndorf
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Melanie Schmitt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Jürgen Korffmann
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Christian Pohl
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Mikhail Savitski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Klein
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Laura Gasparini
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Martin Fuhrmann
- Neuroimmunology and Imaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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3
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Bichmann M, Prat Oriol N, Ercan-Herbst E, Schöndorf DC, Gomez Ramos B, Schwärzler V, Neu M, Schlüter A, Wang X, Jin L, Hu C, Tian Y, Ried JS, Haberkant P, Gasparini L, Ehrnhoefer DE. SETD7-mediated monomethylation is enriched on soluble Tau in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:46. [PMID: 34215303 PMCID: PMC8254302 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by alterations in the post-translational modification (PTM) pattern of Tau, which parallel the formation of insoluble Tau aggregates, neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. While PTMs on aggregated Tau have been studied in detail, much less is known about the modification patterns of soluble Tau. Furthermore, PTMs other than phosphorylation have only come into focus recently and are still understudied. Soluble Tau species are likely responsible for the spreading of pathology during disease progression and are currently being investigated as targets for immunotherapies. A better understanding of their biochemical properties is thus of high importance. METHODS We used a mass spectrometry approach to characterize Tau PTMs on a detergent-soluble fraction of human AD and control brain tissue, which led to the discovery of novel lysine methylation events. We developed specific antibodies against Tau methylated at these sites and biochemically characterized methylated Tau species in extracts from human brain, the rTg4510 mouse model and in hiPSC-derived neurons. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that methylated Tau levels increase with Tau pathology stage in human AD samples as well as in a mouse model of Tauopathy. Methylated Tau is enriched in soluble brain extracts and is not associated with hyperphosphorylated, high molecular weight Tau species. We also show that in hiPSC-derived neurons and mouse brain, methylated Tau preferentially localizes to the cell soma and nuclear fractions and is absent from neurites. Knock down and inhibitor studies supported by proteomics data led to the identification of SETD7 as a novel lysine methyltransferase for Tau. SETD7 specifically methylates Tau at K132, an event that facilitates subsequent methylation at K130. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that methylated Tau has a specific somatic and nuclear localization, suggesting that the methylation of soluble Tau species may provide a signal for their translocation to different subcellular compartments. Since the mislocalization and depletion of Tau from axons is associated with tauopathies, our findings may shed light onto this disease-associated phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bichmann
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuria Prat Oriol
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David C Schöndorf
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstr. 50, 67061, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Borja Gomez Ramos
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Present address: Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Vera Schwärzler
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Neu
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstr. 50, 67061, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Annabelle Schlüter
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstr. 50, 67061, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Xue Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center (ABC), 100 Research Dr, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Liang Jin
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center (ABC), 100 Research Dr, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chenqi Hu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center (ABC), 100 Research Dr, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center (ABC), 100 Research Dr, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Janina S Ried
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Genomics Research Center, Knollstr. 50, 67061, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Gasparini
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstr. 50, 67061, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- BioMed X Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstr. 50, 67061, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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Panagiotakopoulou V, Ivanyuk D, De Cicco S, Haq W, Arsić A, Yu C, Messelodi D, Oldrati M, Schöndorf DC, Perez MJ, Cassatella RP, Jakobi M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Gasser T, Nikić-Spiegel I, Deleidi M. Interferon-γ signaling synergizes with LRRK2 in neurons and microglia derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5163. [PMID: 33057020 PMCID: PMC7560616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease-associated kinase LRRK2 has been linked to IFN type II (IFN-γ) response in infections and to dopaminergic neuronal loss. However, whether and how LRRK2 synergizes with IFN-γ remains unclear. In this study, we employed dopaminergic neurons and microglia differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells carrying LRRK2 G2019S, the most common Parkinson's disease-associated mutation. We show that IFN-γ enhances the LRRK2 G2019S-dependent negative regulation of AKT phosphorylation and NFAT activation, thereby increasing neuronal vulnerability to immune challenge. Mechanistically, LRRK2 G2019S suppresses NFAT translocation via calcium signaling and possibly through microtubule reorganization. In microglia, LRRK2 modulates cytokine production and the glycolytic switch in response to IFN-γ in an NFAT-independent manner. Activated LRRK2 G2019S microglia cause neurite shortening, indicating that LRRK2-driven immunological changes can be neurotoxic. We propose that synergistic LRRK2/IFN-γ activation serves as a potential link between inflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Panagiotakopoulou
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Dina Ivanyuk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Silvia De Cicco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Wadood Haq
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research University of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Arsić
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Cong Yu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Daria Messelodi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Marvin Oldrati
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - David C Schöndorf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Maria-Jose Perez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ruggiero Pio Cassatella
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Meike Jakobi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ivana Nikić-Spiegel
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany.
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Ercan-Herbst E, Ehrig J, Schöndorf DC, Behrendt A, Klaus B, Gomez Ramos B, Prat Oriol N, Weber C, Ehrnhoefer DE. A post-translational modification signature defines changes in soluble tau correlating with oligomerization in early stage Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:192. [PMID: 31796124 PMCID: PMC6892178 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-binding protein that can receive various post-translational modifications (PTMs) including phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitration, sumoylation and truncation. Hyperphosphorylation of tau is linked to its aggregation and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While more than 70 phosphorylation sites have been detected previously on NFT tau, studies of oligomeric and detergent-soluble tau in human brains during the early stages of AD are lacking. Here we apply a comprehensive electrochemiluminescence ELISA assay to analyze twenty-five different PTM sites as well as tau oligomerization in control and sporadic AD brain. The samples were classified as Braak stages 0–I, II or III–IV, corresponding to the progression of microscopically detectable tau pathology throughout different brain regions. We found that soluble tau multimers are strongly increased at Braak stages III–IV in all brain regions under investigation, including the temporal cortex, which does not contain NFTs or misfolded oligomers at this stage of pathology. We additionally identified five phosphorylation sites that are specifically and consistently increased across the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and temporal cortex in the same donors. Three of these sites correlate with tau multimerization in all three brain regions, but do not overlap with the epitopes of phospho-sensitive antibodies commonly used for the immunohistochemical detection of NFTs. Our results thus suggest that soluble multimers are characterized by a small set of specific phosphorylation events that differ from those dominating in mature NFTs. These findings shed light on early PTM changes of tau during AD pathogenesis in human brains.
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Schöndorf DC, Ivanyuk D, Baden P, Sanchez-Martinez A, De Cicco S, Yu C, Giunta I, Schwarz LK, Di Napoli G, Panagiotakopoulou V, Nestel S, Keatinge M, Pruszak J, Bandmann O, Heimrich B, Gasser T, Whitworth AJ, Deleidi M. The NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Rescues Mitochondrial Defects and Neuronal Loss in iPSC and Fly Models of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2976-2988. [PMID: 29874584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as key in Parkinson's disease (PD), a central question remains whether mitochondria are actual disease drivers and whether boosting mitochondrial biogenesis and function ameliorates pathology. We address these questions using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and Drosophila models of GBA-related PD (GBA-PD), the most common PD genetic risk. Patient neurons display stress responses, mitochondrial demise, and changes in NAD+ metabolism. NAD+ precursors have been proposed to ameliorate age-related metabolic decline and disease. We report that increasing NAD+ via the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) significantly ameliorates mitochondrial function in patient neurons. Human neurons require nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to maintain the NAD+ pool and utilize NRK1 to synthesize NAD+ from NAD+ precursors. Remarkably, NR prevents the age-related dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor decline in fly models of GBA-PD. Our findings suggest NR as a viable clinical avenue for neuroprotection in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Schöndorf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dina Ivanyuk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Pascale Baden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Silvia De Cicco
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cong Yu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ivana Giunta
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lukas K Schwarz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Gabriele Di Napoli
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Panagiotakopoulou
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Sigrun Nestel
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Marcus Keatinge
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michela Deleidi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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7
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Behrendt A, Bichmann M, Ercan-Herbst E, Haberkant P, Schöndorf DC, Wolf M, Fahim SA, Murolo E, Ehrnhoefer DE. Asparagine endopeptidase cleaves tau at N167 after uptake into microglia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104518. [PMID: 31229689 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau cleavage by different proteolytic enzymes generates short, aggregation-prone fragments that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) activity in particular has been associated with tau dysfunction and aggregation, and the activity of the protease is increased in both aging and AD. Using a mass spectrometry approach, we identified a novel tau cleavage site at N167 and confirmed its processing by AEP. In combination with the previously known site at N368, we show that AEP cleavage yields a tau fragment that is present in both control and AD brains at similar levels. AEP is a lysosomal enzyme, and our data suggest that it is expressed in microglia rather than in neurons. Accordingly, we observe tau cleavage at N167 and N368 after endocytotic uptake into microglia, but not neurons. However, tau168-368 does not accumulate in microglia and we thus conclude that the fragment is part of a proteolytic cascade leading to tau degradation. While we confirm previous studies showing increased overall AEP activity in AD brains, our data suggests that AEP-mediated cleavage of tau is a physiological event occurring during microglial degradation of the secreted neuronal protein. As a consequence, we caution against preventing AEP-mediated tau cleavage as a therapeutic approach in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Behrendt
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maria Bichmann
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - David C Schöndorf
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Salma A Fahim
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Enrico Murolo
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer
- BioMed X Innovation Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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8
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Schöndorf DC, Elschami M, Schieck M, Ercan-Herbst E, Weber C, Riesinger Y, Kalman S, Steinemann D, Ehrnhoefer DE. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell cohort suitable to investigate sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cell Res 2018; 34:101351. [PMID: 30611016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the elderly, and cortical neurons differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can recapitulate disease phenotypes such as tau phosphorylation or amyloid beta (Aß) deposition. Here we describe the generation of an iPSC cohort consisting of 2 sporadic AD cases and 3 controls, derived from dermal fibroblasts. All lines were karyotypically normal, showed expression of stem cell markers and efficiently differentiated into cells of all three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Kalman
- BioMedX Innovation Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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9
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Khurana V, Peng J, Chung CY, Auluck PK, Fanning S, Tardiff DF, Bartels T, Koeva M, Eichhorn SW, Benyamini H, Lou Y, Nutter-Upham A, Baru V, Freyzon Y, Tuncbag N, Costanzo M, San Luis BJ, Schöndorf DC, Barrasa MI, Ehsani S, Sanjana N, Zhong Q, Gasser T, Bartel DP, Vidal M, Deleidi M, Boone C, Fraenkel E, Berger B, Lindquist S. Genome-Scale Networks Link Neurodegenerative Disease Genes to α-Synuclein through Specific Molecular Pathways. Cell Syst 2017; 4:157-170.e14. [PMID: 28131822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous genes and molecular pathways are implicated in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, but their inter-relationships are poorly understood. We systematically mapped molecular pathways underlying the toxicity of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), a protein central to Parkinson's disease. Genome-wide screens in yeast identified 332 genes that impact α-syn toxicity. To "humanize" this molecular network, we developed a computational method, TransposeNet. This integrates a Steiner prize-collecting approach with homology assignment through sequence, structure, and interaction topology. TransposeNet linked α-syn to multiple parkinsonism genes and druggable targets through perturbed protein trafficking and ER quality control as well as mRNA metabolism and translation. A calcium signaling hub linked these processes to perturbed mitochondrial quality control and function, metal ion transport, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. Parkinsonism gene interaction profiles spatially opposed in the network (ATP13A2/PARK9 and VPS35/PARK17) were highly distinct, and network relationships for specific genes (LRRK2/PARK8, ATXN2, and EIF4G1/PARK18) were confirmed in patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. This cross-species platform connected diverse neurodegenerative genes to proteinopathy through specific mechanisms and may facilitate patient stratification for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Khurana
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jian Peng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chee Yeun Chung
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pavan K Auluck
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel F Tardiff
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Theresa Bartels
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Martina Koeva
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Hadar Benyamini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yali Lou
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andy Nutter-Upham
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Valeriya Baru
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yelena Freyzon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Costanzo
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Bryan-Joseph San Luis
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - David C Schöndorf
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | | | - Sepehr Ehsani
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Neville Sanjana
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; New York Genome Center and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Quan Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - David P Bartel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michela Deleidi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Charles Boone
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; HHMI, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Engeholm M, Sekler J, Schöndorf DC, Arora V, Schittenhelm J, Biskup S, Schell C, Gasser T. A novel mutation in LRSAM1 causes axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with dominant inheritance. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:118. [PMID: 24894446 PMCID: PMC4060843 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) refers to a heterogeneous group of genetic motor and sensory neuropathies. According to the primary site of damage, a distinction is made between demyelinating and axonal forms (CMT1 and 2, respectively, when inherited as an autosomal dominant trait). Leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif-containing protein 1 (LRSAM1) is a ubiquitin-protein ligase with a role in sorting internalised cell-surface receptor proteins. So far, mutations in the LRSAM1 gene have been shown to cause axonal CMT in three different families and can confer either dominant or recessive transmission of the disease. Case presentation We have identified a novel mutation in LRSAM1 in a small family with dominant axonal CMT. Electrophysiological studies show evidence of a sensory axonal neuropathy and are interesting in so far as giant motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) are present on needle electromyography (EMG), while motor nerve conduction studies including compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitudes are completely normal. The underlying mutation c.2046+1G >T results in the loss of a splice donor site and the inclusion of 63 additional base pairs of intronic DNA into the aberrantly spliced transcript. This disrupts the catalytically active RING (Really Interesting New Gene) domain of LRSAM1. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, beyond the typical length-dependent degeneration of motor axons, damage of cell bodies in the anterior horn might play a role in LRSAM1-associated neuropathies. Moreover, in conjunction with other data in the literature, our results support a model, by which disruption of the C-terminal RING domain confers dominant negative properties to LRSAM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Engeholm
- Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Hoppe-Seyler-Str, 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Reinhardt P, Schmid B, Burbulla LF, Schöndorf DC, Wagner L, Glatza M, Höing S, Hargus G, Heck SA, Dhingra A, Wu G, Müller S, Brockmann K, Kluba T, Maisel M, Krüger R, Berg D, Tsytsyura Y, Thiel CS, Psathaki OE, Klingauf J, Kuhlmann T, Klewin M, Müller H, Gasser T, Schöler HR, Sterneckert J. Genetic correction of a LRRK2 mutation in human iPSCs links parkinsonian neurodegeneration to ERK-dependent changes in gene expression. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:354-67. [PMID: 23472874 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The LRRK2 mutation G2019S is the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). To better understand the link between mutant LRRK2 and PD pathology, we derived induced pluripotent stem cells from PD patients harboring LRRK2 G2019S and then specifically corrected the mutant LRRK2 allele. We demonstrate that gene correction resulted in phenotypic rescue in differentiated neurons and uncovered expression changes associated with LRRK2 G2019S. We found that LRRK2 G2019S induced dysregulation of CPNE8, MAP7, UHRF2, ANXA1, and CADPS2. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that four of these genes contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. LRRK2 G2019S induced increased extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) phosphorylation. Transcriptional dysregulation of CADPS2, CPNE8, and UHRF2 was dependent on ERK activity. We show that multiple PD-associated phenotypes were ameliorated by inhibition of ERK. Therefore, our results provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis induced by mutant LRRK2 and pointers for the development of potential new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reinhardt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
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