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Mullany S, Diaz-Torres S, Schmidt JM, Thomson D, Qassim A, Marshall HN, Knight LS, Berry EC, Kolovos A, Dimasi D, Lake S, Mills RA, Landers J, Mitchell P, Healey PR, Commerford T, Klebe S, Souzeau E, Hassall MM, MacGregor S, Gharahkhani P, Siggs OM, Craig JE. No Strong Association Between the Apolipoprotein E E4 Allele and Glaucoma: a Multicohort Study. Ophthalmology Science 2023; 3:100287. [PMID: 37007646 PMCID: PMC10064233 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate a potential association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele and glaucoma prevalence in large cohorts. Design A cross-sectional analysis of baseline and prospectively collected cohort data. Participants UK Biobank (UKBB) participants of genetically determined European ancestry (n = 438 711). Replication analyses were performed using clinical and genotyping data collected from European participants recruited to the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA; n = 18 199), the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma (ANZRAG; n = 1970), and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES; n = 2440). Methods Apolipoprotein E alleles and genotypes were determined, and their distributions were compared on the basis of glaucoma status. Similar analyses were performed using positive control outcomes associated with the APOE E4 allele (death, dementia, age-related macular degeneration) and negative control outcomes not associated with the APOE E4 allele (cataract, diabetic eye disease). Outcome phenotypes were also correlated with Alzheimer's dementia (AD), a clinical outcome highly associated with the APOE E4 allele. Main Outcome Measures Results of APOE E4 genotype-phenotype comparisons were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Replication analyses investigated APOE E4 associations in 2 replication cohorts (CLSA and ANZRAG/BMES). Results The APOE E4 allele was inversely associated with glaucoma (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = 0.016) and both negative controls (cataract: OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P = 0.015; diabetic eye disease: OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97; P = 0.003) in the UKBB cohort. A paradoxical positive association was observed between AD and both glaucoma (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08-1.54; P < 0.01) and cataract (OR, 1.15; 1.04-1.28; P = 0.018). No association between the APOE E4 allele and glaucoma was observed in either replication cohort (CLSA: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89-1.19; P = 0.66; ANZRAG/BMES: OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-1.12; P = 0.65). Conclusions A small negative association observed between APOE E4 and glaucoma within the UKBB was not evident in either replication cohort and may represent an artifact of glaucoma underdiagnosis in APOE E4 carriers. Financial Disclosures The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mullany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
- Correspondence: Sean Mullany, Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042.
| | - Santiago Diaz-Torres
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua M. Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Daniel Thomson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Henry N. Marshall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Lachlan S.W. Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Ella C. Berry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Antonia Kolovos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - David Dimasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stewart Lake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Richard A. Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - John Landers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul R. Healey
- Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Toby Commerford
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Pathology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Mark M. Hassall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Owen M. Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
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Mullany S, Marshall H, Diaz-Torres S, Berry EC, Schmidt JM, Thomson D, Qassim A, To MS, Dimasi D, Kuot A, Knight LS, Hollitt G, Kolovos A, Schulz A, Lake S, Mills RA, Agar A, Galanopoulos A, Landers J, Mitchell P, Healey PR, Graham SL, Hewitt AW, Souzeau E, Hassall MM, Klebe S, MacGregor S, Gharahkhani P, Casson RJ, Siggs OM, Craig JE. The APOE E4 Allele Is Associated with Faster Rates of Neuroretinal Thinning in a Prospective Cohort Study of Suspect and Early Glaucoma. Ophthalmology Science 2022; 2:100159. [PMID: 36249683 PMCID: PMC9560531 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Design Participants Methods Main Outcome Measures Results Conclusions
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Mullany S, Marshall H, Zhou T, Thomson D, Schmidt JM, Qassim A, Knight LSW, Hollitt G, Berry EC, Nguyen T, To MS, Dimasi D, Kuot A, Dubowsky J, Fogarty R, Sun M, Chehade L, Kuruvilla S, Supramaniam D, Breen J, Sharma S, Landers J, Lake S, Mills RA, Hassall MM, Chan WO, Klebe S, Souzeau E, Siggs OM, Craig JE. RNA Sequencing of Lens Capsular Epithelium Implicates Novel Pathways in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 35348588 PMCID: PMC8982629 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a common systemic disease that results in severe and often irreversible vision loss. Despite considerable research effort, PEX remains incompletely understood. This study sought to perform the first RNAseq study in elucidate the pathophysiology of PEX, and contribute a publicly available transcriptomic data resource for future research. Methods Human ocular lens capsular epithelium samples were collected from 25 patients with PEX and 39 non-PEX controls undergoing cataract surgery. RNA extracted from these specimens was subjected to polyadenylated (mRNA) selection and deep bulk RNA sequencing. Differential expression analysis investigated protein-coding gene transcripts. Exploratory analyses used pathway analysis tools, and curated class- and disease-specific gene sets. Results Differential expression analysis demonstrated that 2882 genes were differentially expressed according to PEX status. Genes associated with viral gene expression pathways were among the most upregulated, alongside genes encoding ribosomal and mitochondrial respiratory transport chain proteins. Cell adhesion protein transcripts including type 4 collagen subunits were downregulated. Conclusions This comparative transcriptomic dataset highlights novel and previously recognized pathogenic pathways in PEX and provides the first comprehensive transcriptomic resource, adding an additional layer to build further understanding of PEX pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mullany
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Henry Marshall
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomson
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joshua M Schmidt
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lachlan S W Knight
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Georgina Hollitt
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ella C Berry
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thi Nguyen
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Minh-Son To
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Dimasi
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Abraham Kuot
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joshua Dubowsky
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rhys Fogarty
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michelle Sun
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luke Chehade
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shilpa Kuruvilla
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Devaraj Supramaniam
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Breen
- SAHMRI Bioinformatics Core, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John Landers
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stewart Lake
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard A Mills
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark M Hassall
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Weng O Chan
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Flinders Department of Pathology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Hofma BR, Wardill HR, Mavrangelos C, Campaniello MA, Dimasi D, Bowen JM, Smid SD, Bonder CS, Beckett EA, Hughes PA. Colonic migrating motor complexes are inhibited in acute tri-nitro benzene sulphonic acid colitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199394. [PMID: 29933379 PMCID: PMC6014673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by overt inflammation of the intestine and is typically accompanied by symptoms of bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramping. The Colonic Migrating Motor Complex (CMMC) directs the movement of colonic luminal contents over long distances. The tri-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) model of colitis causes inflammatory damage to enteric nerves, however it remains to be determined whether these changes translate to functional outcomes in CMMC activity. We aimed to visualize innate immune cell infiltration into the colon using two-photon laser scanning intra-vital microscopy, and to determine whether CMMC activity is altered in the tri-nitro benzene sulphonic (TNBS) model of colitis. Methods Epithelial barrier permeability was compared between TNBS treated and healthy control mice in-vitro and in-vivo. Innate immune activation was determined by ELISA, flow cytometry and by 2-photon intravital microscopy. The effects of TNBS treatment and IL-1β on CMMC function were determined using a specialized organ bath. Results TNBS colitis increased epithelial barrier permeability in-vitro and in-vivo. Colonic IL-1β concentrations, colonic and systemic CD11b+ cell infiltration, and the number of migrating CD11b+ cells on colonic blood vessels were all increased in TNBS treated mice relative to controls. CMMC frequency and amplitude were inhibited in the distal and mid colon of TNBS treated mice. CMMC activity was not altered by superfusion with IL-1β. Conclusions TNBS colitis damages the epithelial barrier and increases innate immune cell activation in the colon and systemically. Innate cell migration into the colon is readily identifiable by two-photon intra-vital microscopy. CMMC are inhibited by inflammation, but this is not due to direct effects of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben R. Hofma
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chris Mavrangelos
- Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa A. Campaniello
- Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Dimasi
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Bowen
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Scott D. Smid
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Patrick A. Hughes
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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5
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Calvert JK, Helbig KJ, Dimasi D, Cockshell M, Beard MR, Pitson SM, Bonder CS, Carr JM. Dengue Virus Infection of Primary Endothelial Cells Induces Innate Immune Responses, Changes in Endothelial Cells Function and Is Restricted by Interferon-Stimulated Responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:654-65. [PMID: 25902155 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endothelial cell (EC) infection is not widespread during dengue virus (DENV) infection in vivo, the endothelium is the site of the pathogenic effects seen in severe DENV disease. In this study, we investigated DENV infection of primary EC and defined factors that influence infection in this cell type. Consistent with in vivo findings where EC infection is infrequent, only 3%-15% of EC became productively DENV-2-infected in vitro. This low level infection could not be attributed to inhibition by heparin, EC donor variation, heterogeneity, or biological source. DENV-infection of EC was associated with induction of innate immune responses, including increased STAT1 protein, STAT1- phosphorylation, interferon (IFN)-β, OAS-1, IFIT-1/ISG56, and viperin mRNA. Antibody blocking of IFN-β inhibited the induction of OAS1, IFIT1/ISG56, and viperin while shRNA knockdown of viperin enhanced DENV-infection in EC. DENV-infection of EC resulted in increased activity of sphingosine kinase 1, a factor important in maintaining vascular integrity, and altered basal and stimulated changes in barrier integrity of DENV-infected EC monolayers. Thus, DENV productively infects only a small percentage of primary EC but this has a major influence on induction of IFN-β driven innate immune responses that can restrict infection while the EC themselves are functionally altered. These changes may have important consequences for the endothelium and are reflective of pathogenic changes associated with vascular leakage, as seen in DENV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Calvert
- 1 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Karla J Helbig
- 2 School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - David Dimasi
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Michaelia Cockshell
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Michael R Beard
- 2 School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Claudine S Bonder
- 3 Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jillian M Carr
- 1 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University , Adelaide, South Australia
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Dimasi D, Sun WY, Bonder CS. Neutrophil interactions with the vascular endothelium. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sharma S, Dimasi D, Bröer S, Kumar R, Della NG. Heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1) expression and functional analysis in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1251-9. [PMID: 17335806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are present in the posterior segment of the eye, and the retina is dependent upon the underlying RPE for normal function. The retina is the most oxygenated tissue in the body but is isolated from the blood circulation by blood-retinal barriers. Metabolism of cellular oxygen involves heme but little is known about heme transport in the retina and RPE. Here we report the identification from bovine RPE of a heme transporter bHcp1 (bovine heme carrier protein 1) that is homologous to mouse intestinal HCP1 expressed in duodenal enterocytes. Similar to the mouse protein, bHcp1 exhibited heme uptake ability in Xenopus oocytes and localized to the cell membrane in cultured mammalian epithelium. Whereas bHcp1 expression was detected only in bovine RPE, expression of its human homologue was identified in both retina and RPE. Furthermore, the data revealed low-level wider expression of human HCP1 transcript in multiple tissues suggesting that it is responsible for heme transport in the body, not the intestine alone. Expression of HCP1 in the RPE and retina indicates the mechanism of heme transport in these ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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8
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Burdon KP, McKay JD, Wirth MG, Russell-Eggit IM, Bhatti S, Ruddle JB, Dimasi D, Mackey DA, Craig JE. The PITX3 gene in posterior polar congenital cataract in Australia. Mol Vis 2006; 12:367-71. [PMID: 16636655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital cataract is a significant cause of blindness worldwide. Many genes are known to cause the disorder. A large multigenerational pedigree was investigated for the genetic cause of a posterior polar autosomal dominant congenital cataract. METHODS A genome wide scan was conducted in a large multigenerational family with autosomal dominant cataract to identify the linked region of the genome. The PITX3 gene was investigated through direct sequencing and detection of fluorescently labeled PCR products. RESULTS Linkage was detected to a region of chromosome 10q23-26 which contains the candidate gene PITX3. A segregating 17 bp insertion mutation was identified. This mutation was not identified in 100 additional unrelated sporadic and familial congenital cataract patients. No mutations of the PITX3 gene were identified in 9 families with posterior polar congenital cataract. CONCLUSIONS The 657ins17bp duplication of the PITX3 gene is the cause of the cataract phenotype in the large pedigree, however, this gene appears responsible for only a small proportion of congenital cataract in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
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Sharma S, Dimasi D, Higginson K, Della NG. RZF, a zinc-finger protein in the photoreceptors of human retina. Gene 2004; 342:219-29. [PMID: 15527981 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are organized at the outer aspect of retina and host the process of phototransduction, central to the visual system. We have isolated a novel human gene, RZF, which is predominantly expressed in the photoreceptors of human retina. RZF encodes a 40-kDa protein that has three widely spaced C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger motifs. There are three potential nuclear localisation signals and clusters of charged amino acids in the protein. Expression analysis revealed that orthologues of the RZF gene are also expressed in photoreceptors of mouse and bovine retina. The RZF-GFP fusion protein localises to nucleoli and cytoplasm when expressed in HEK-293 cells. Mobility shift assay suggests that RZF may not be a nucleic acid binding protein, unlike most other zinc-finger proteins. Taken together, these observations suggest that RZF is a shuttling regulatory protein expressed in photoreceptors of the human retina that may be involved in mRNA or protein regulation of photoreceptor-specific genes and therefore have role in retinal disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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Buckland BC, Gbewonyo K, Dimasi D, Hunt G, Westerfield G, Nienow AW. Improved performance in viscous mycelial fermentations by agitator retrofitting. Biotechnol Bioeng 1988; 31:737-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260310717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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