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Brasher MI, Martynowicz DM, Grafinger OR, Hucik A, Shanks-Skinner E, Uniacke J, Coppolino MG. Interaction of Munc18c and syntaxin4 facilitates invadopodium formation and extracellular matrix invasion of tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16199-16210. [PMID: 28798239 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion involves targeted localization of proteins required for interactions with the extracellular matrix and for proteolysis. The localization of many proteins during these cell-extracellular matrix interactions relies on membrane trafficking mediated in part by SNAREs. The SNARE protein syntaxin4 (Stx4) is involved in the formation of invasive structures called invadopodia; however, it is unclear how Stx4 function is regulated during tumor cell invasion. Munc18c is known to regulate Stx4 activity, and here we show that Munc18c is required for Stx4-mediated invadopodium formation and cell invasion. Biochemical and microscopic analyses revealed a physical association between Munc18c and Stx4, which was enhanced during invadopodium formation, and that a reduction in Munc18c expression decreases invadopodium formation. We also found that an N-terminal Stx4-derived peptide associates with Munc18c and inhibits endogenous interactions of Stx4 with synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP23) and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2). Furthermore, expression of the Stx4 N-terminal peptide decreased invadopodium formation and cell invasion in vitro Of note, cells expressing the Stx4 N-terminal peptide exhibited impaired trafficking of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and EGF receptor (EGFR) to the cell surface during invadopodium formation. Our findings implicate Munc18c as a regulator of Stx4-mediated trafficking of MT1-MMP and EGFR, advancing our understanding of the role of SNARE function in the localization of proteins that drive tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I Brasher
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David M Martynowicz
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Olivia R Grafinger
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrea Hucik
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Emma Shanks-Skinner
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James Uniacke
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marc G Coppolino
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Newman CE, Toxopeus J, Udaka H, Ahn S, Martynowicz DM, Graether SP, Sinclair BJ, Percival-Smith A. CRISPR-induced null alleles show that Frost protects Drosophila melanogaster reproduction after cold exposure. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3344-3354. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.160176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to survive and reproduce after cold exposure is important in all kingdoms of life. However, even in a sophisticated genetic model system like Drosophila melanogaster, few genes have been identified as functioning in cold tolerance. The accumulation of the Frost (Fst) gene transcript increases after cold exposure, making it a good candidate for a gene that has a role in cold tolerance. However, despite extensive RNAi knockdown analysis, no role in cold tolerance has been assigned to Fst. CRISPR is an effective technique for completely knocking down genes, and less likely to produce off-target effects than GAL4-UAS RNAi systems. We have used CRISPR-mediated homologous recombination to generate Fst null alleles, and these Fst alleles uncovered a requirement for FST protein in maintaining female fecundity following cold exposure. However, FST does not have a direct role in survival following cold exposure. FST mRNA accumulates in the Malpighian tubules, and the FST protein is a highly disordered protein with a putative signal peptide for export from the cell. Future work is needed to determine whether FST is exported from the Malpighian tubules and directly interacts with female reproductive tissues post-cold exposure, or if it is required for other repair/recovery functions that indirectly alter energy allocation to reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Newman
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jantina Toxopeus
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hiroko Udaka
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Zoology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soohyun Ahn
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Present Address: Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M. Martynowicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Steffen P. Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Hernández-Sánchez IE, Martynowicz DM, Rodríguez-Hernández AA, Pérez-Morales MB, Graether SP, Jiménez-Bremont JF. A dehydrin-dehydrin interaction: the case of SK3 from Opuntia streptacantha. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:520. [PMID: 25346739 PMCID: PMC4193212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins belongs to a large group of highly hydrophilic proteins known as Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins. It is well known that dehydrins are intrinsically disordered plant proteins that accumulate during the late stages of embryogenesis and in response to abiotic stresses; however, the molecular mechanisms by which their functions are carried out are still unclear. We have previously reported that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing an Opuntia streptacantha SK3 dehydrin (OpsDHN1) show enhanced tolerance to freezing stress. Herein, we show using a split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system that OpsDHN1 dimerizes. We found that the deletion of regions containing K-segments and the histidine-rich region in the OpsDHN1 protein affects dimer formation. Not surprisingly, in silico protein sequence analysis suggests that OpsDHN1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, an observation that was confirmed by circular dichroism and gel filtration of the recombinantly expressed protein. The addition of zinc triggered the association of recombinantly expressed OpsDHN1 protein, likely through its histidine-rich motif. These data brings new insights about the molecular mechanism of the OpsDHN1 SK3-dehydrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzell E. Hernández-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACTangamanga, México
| | - David M. Martynowicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of GuelphGuelph, ON, Canada
| | - Aida A. Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACTangamanga, México
| | - Maria B. Pérez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACTangamanga, México
| | - Steffen P. Graether
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of GuelphGuelph, ON, Canada
| | - Juan F. Jiménez-Bremont
- Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica ACTangamanga, México
- *Correspondence: Juan F. Jiménez-Bremont, Laboratorio de Estudios Moleculares de Respuesta a Estrés en Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica AC, Camino a la Presa de San Jose No. 2055 Lomas 4a Seccion Cp 78216, AP 3-74 Tangamanga, San Luis Potosi, Mexico e-mail:
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Hughes SL, Schart V, Malcolmson J, Hogarth KA, Martynowicz DM, Tralman-Baker E, Patel SN, Graether SP. The importance of size and disorder in the cryoprotective effects of dehydrins. Plant Physiol 2013; 163:1376-86. [PMID: 24047864 PMCID: PMC3813657 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.226803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins protect plant proteins and membranes from damage during drought and cold. Vitis riparia K2 is a 48-residue protein that can protect lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-thaw damage by preventing the aggregation and denaturation of the enzyme. To further elucidate its mechanism, we used a series of V. riparia K2 concatemers (K4, K6, K8, and K10) and natural dehydrins (V. riparia YSK2, 60 kilodalton peach dehydrin [PCA60], barley dehydrin5 [Dhn5], Thellungiella salsuginea dehydrin2 [TsDHN-2], and Opuntia streptacantha dehydrin1 [OpsDHN-1]) to test the effect of the number of K-segments and dehydrin size on their ability to protect lactate dehydrogenase from freeze-thaw damage. The results show that the larger the hydrodynamic radius of the dehydrin, the more effective the cryoprotection. A similar trend is observed with polyethylene glycol, which would suggest that the protection is simply a nonspecific volume exclusion effect that can be manifested by any protein. However, structured proteins of a similar range of sizes did not show the same pattern and level of cryoprotection. Our results suggest that with respect to enzyme protection, dehydrins function primarily as molecular shields and that their intrinsic disorder is required for them to be an effective cryoprotectant. Lastly, we show that the cryoprotection by a dehydrin is not due to any antifreeze protein-like activity, as has been reported previously.
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