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Tabares C, Muñoz de Las Heras A, Tagliacozzo L, Porras D, González-Tudela A. Variational Quantum Simulators Based on Waveguide QED. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:073602. [PMID: 37656849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Waveguide QED simulators are analog quantum simulators made by quantum emitters interacting with one-dimensional photonic band gap materials. One of their remarkable features is that they can be used to engineer tunable-range emitter interactions. Here, we demonstrate how these interactions can be a resource to develop more efficient variational quantum algorithms for certain problems. In particular, we illustrate their power in creating wave function Ansätze that capture accurately the ground state of quantum critical spin models (XXZ and Ising) with fewer gates and optimization parameters than other variational Ansätze based on nearest-neighbor or infinite-range entangling gates. Finally, we study the potential advantages of these waveguide Ansätze in the presence of noise. Overall, these results evidence the potential of using the interaction range as a variational parameter and place waveguide QED simulators as a promising platform for variational quantum algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tabares
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz de Las Heras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Tagliacozzo
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Porras
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Tudela
- Institute of Fundamental Physics IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Juárez-Fernández M, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Porras D, García-Mediavilla MV, Bravo M, Serrano-Maciá M, Simón J, Delgado TC, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Martínez-Flórez S, Lorenzo Ó, Rincón M, Varela-Rey M, Abecia L, Rodríguez H, Anguita J, Nistal E, Martínez-Chantar ML, Sánchez-Campos S. Enhanced mitochondrial activity reshapes a gut microbiota profile that delays NASH progression. Hepatology 2022; 77:1654-1669. [PMID: 35921199 PMCID: PMC10113004 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction promotes progression to NASH by aggravating the gut-liver status. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we hypothesized that enhanced mitochondrial activity might reshape a specific microbiota signature that, when transferred to germ-free (GF) mice, could delay NASH progression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type and methylation-controlled J protein knockout (MCJ-KO) mice were fed for 6 weeks with either control or a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDA-HFD). One mouse of each group acted as a donor of cecal microbiota to GF mice, who also underwent the CDA-HFD model for 3 weeks. Hepatic injury, intestinal barrier, gut microbiome, and the associated fecal metabolome were then studied. Following 6 weeks of CDA-HFD, the absence of methylation-controlled J protein, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I activity, reduced hepatic injury and improved gut-liver axis in an aggressive NASH dietary model. This effect was transferred to GF mice through cecal microbiota transplantation. We suggest that the specific microbiota profile of MCJ-KO, characterized by an increase in the fecal relative abundance of Dorea and Oscillospira genera and a reduction in AF12, Allboaculum, and [Ruminococcus], exerted protective actions through enhancing short-chain fatty acids, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) metabolism, and sirtuin activity, subsequently increasing fatty acid oxidation in GF mice. Importantly, we identified Dorea genus as one of the main modulators of this microbiota-dependent protective phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we provide evidence for the relevance of mitochondria-microbiota interplay during NASH and that targeting it could be a valuable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Juárez-Fernández
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Bravo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Biomedical Research Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | | | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rincón
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Division, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Biomedical Research Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Leticia Abecia
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Medicine and Nursing Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Héctor Rodríguez
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Biomedical Research Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Juárez-Fernández M, Román-Sagüillo S, Porras D, García-Mediavilla MV, Linares P, Ballesteros-Pomar MD, Urioste-Fondo A, Álvarez-Cuenllas B, González-Gallego J, Sánchez-Campos S, Jorquera F, Nistal E. Long-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Gut Microbiota Composition and Faecal Metabolome Related to Obesity Remission. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082519. [PMID: 34444679 PMCID: PMC8397959 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main worldwide public health concerns whose clinical management demands new therapeutic approaches. Bariatric surgery is the most efficient treatment when other therapies have previously failed. Due to the role of gut microbiota in obesity development, the knowledge of the link between bariatric surgery and gut microbiota could elucidate new mechanistic approaches. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of bariatric surgery in the faecal metagenome and metabolome of patients with severe obesity. Faecal and blood samples were collected before and four years after the intervention from patients with severe obesity. Biochemical, metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were performed and faecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. Bariatric surgery improved the obesity-related status of patients and significantly reshaped gut microbiota composition. Moreover, this procedure was associated with a specific metabolome profile characterized by a reduction in energetic and amino acid metabolism. Acetate, butyrate and propionate showed a significant reduction with bariatric surgery. Finally, correlation analysis suggested the existence of a long-term compositional and functional gut microbiota profile associated with the intervention. In conclusion, bariatric surgery triggered long-lasting effects on gut microbiota composition and faecal metabolome that could be associated with the remission of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Juárez-Fernández
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
| | - Sara Román-Sagüillo
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
| | - David Porras
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Linares
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.L.); (B.Á.-C.)
| | - María Dolores Ballesteros-Pomar
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.D.B.-P.); (A.U.-F.)
| | - Ana Urioste-Fondo
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 León, Spain; (M.D.B.-P.); (A.U.-F.)
| | - Begoña Álvarez-Cuenllas
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.L.); (B.Á.-C.)
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Jorquera
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 León, Spain; (P.L.); (B.Á.-C.)
| | - Esther Nistal
- Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (S.R.-S.); (D.P.); (M.V.G.-M.); (J.G.-G.); (S.S.-C.); (F.J.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9-8729-1997
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Quiroga R, Nistal E, Estébanez B, Porras D, Juárez-Fernández M, Martínez-Flórez S, García-Mediavilla MV, de Paz JA, González-Gallego J, Sánchez-Campos S, Cuevas MJ. Exercise training modulates the gut microbiota profile and impairs inflammatory signaling pathways in obese children. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1048-1061. [PMID: 32624568 PMCID: PMC8080668 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels and is a serious health concern associated with metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and gut microbiota alterations. Physical exercise is known to counteract obesity progression and modulate the gut microbiota composition. This study aims to determine the effect of a 12-week strength and endurance combined training program on gut microbiota and inflammation in obese pediatric patients. Thirty-nine obese children were assigned randomly to the control or training group. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, muscular strength, and inflammatory signaling pathways in mononuclear cells were evaluated. Bacterial composition and functionality were determined by massive sequencing and metabolomic analysis. Exercise reduced plasma glucose levels and increased dynamic strength in the upper and lower extremities compared with the obese control group. Metagenomic analysis revealed a bacterial composition associated with obesity, showing changes at the phylum, class, and genus levels. Exercise counteracted this profile, significantly reducing the Proteobacteria phylum and Gammaproteobacteria class. Moreover, physical activity tended to increase some genera, such as Blautia, Dialister, and Roseburia, leading to a microbiota profile similar to that of healthy children. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and several sugars in response to exercise, in correlation with a specific microbiota profile. Finally, the training protocol significantly inhibited the activation of the obesity-associated NLRP3 signaling pathway. Our data suggest the existence of an obesity-related deleterious microbiota profile that is positively modified by physical activity intervention. Exercise training could be considered an efficient nonpharmacological therapy, reducing inflammatory signaling pathways induced by obesity in children via microbiota modulation. Physical fitness regimens could stimulate shifts in gut microbiome composition and metabolism that counteract health risks associated with childhood obesity. This condition can increase the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease later in life. Several studies have indicated that disturbances in the microbial populations in the digestive tract may contribute to these diseases. Researchers led by Sonia Sánchez-Campos of the Institute of Biomedicine, León,Spain, recently assessed the impact of exercise and endurance training on microbiome composition in obese children. They determined that these regimens can produce measurable shifts in the gut microbe population, yielding bacterial communities that are more similar to those seen in non-obese children. These shifts were accompanied by alterations in metabolic activity that may help mitigate inflammatory signaling and other processes that fuel obesity-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Quiroga
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario (CAULE), León, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Complejo Asistencial Universitario (CAULE), León, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), León, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Petrov PD, García-Mediavilla MV, Guzmán C, Porras D, Nistal E, Martínez-Flórez S, Castell JV, González-Gallego J, Sánchez-Campos S, Jover R. A Network Involving Gut Microbiota, Circulating Bile Acids, and Hepatic Metabolism Genes That Protects Against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900487. [PMID: 31322321 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis by multiple mechanisms not yet completely understood. Novel differential features between germ-free mice (GFm) transplanted with protective or non-protective cecal microbiota against NAFLD are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Gut microbiota composition, plasma, and fecal bile acids (BAs) and liver mRNAs are quantified in GFm recipients from four donor mice differing in NAFLD severity (control diet, high-fat diet [HFD]-responder, HFD-non-responder, and quercetin-supplemented HFD). Transplanted GFm are on control or HFD for 16-weeks. Multivariate analysis shows that GFm colonized with microbiota from HFD-non-responder and quercetin supplemented-HFD donors (protected against NAFLD) clusters together, whereas GFm colonized with microbiota from control and HFD-responder mice (non-protected against NAFLD) establishes another cluster. Protected phenotype is associated with increased gut Desulfovibrio and Oscillospira, reduced gut Bacteroides and Oribacterium, lower primary and higher secondary BAs in plasma and feces, induction of hepatic BA transporters, and repression of hepatic lipogenic and BA synthesis genes. CONCLUSION Protective gut microbiota associates with increased specific secondary BAs, which likely inhibit lipogenic pathways and enhance bile flow in the liver. This novel cross-talk between gut and liver, via plasma BAs, that promotes protection against NAFLD may have clinical and nutritional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Dianov Petrov
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Tower A, 46026, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Guzmán
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Tower A, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071, León, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), Altos de Nava s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez-Flórez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071, León, Spain
| | - José Vicente Castell
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Tower A, 46026, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Experimental Hepatology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, Tower A, 46026, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
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6
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Carbajo-Pescador S, Porras D, García-Mediavilla MV, Martínez-Flórez S, Juarez-Fernández M, Cuevas MJ, Mauriz JL, González-Gallego J, Nistal E, Sánchez-Campos S. Beneficial effects of exercise on gut microbiota functionality and barrier integrity, and gut-liver crosstalk in an in vivo model of early obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039206. [PMID: 30971408 PMCID: PMC6550047 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels, representing one of the most serious public health concerns associated with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is limited clinical experience concerning pediatric NAFLD patients, and thus the therapeutic options are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of exercise on gut microbiota composition and functionality balance, and consequent effects on early obesity and NAFLD onset in an in vivo model. Juvenile (21-day-old) male Wistar rats fed a control diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) were subjected to a combined aerobic and resistance training protocol. Fecal microbiota was sequenced by an Illumina MiSeq system, and parameters related to metabolic syndrome, fecal metabolome, intestinal barrier integrity, bile acid metabolism and transport, and alteration of the gut-liver axis were measured. Exercise decreased HFD-induced body weight gain, metabolic syndrome and hepatic steatosis, as a result of its lipid metabolism modulatory capacity. Gut microbiota composition and functionality were substantially modified as a consequence of diet, age and exercise intervention. In addition, the training protocol increased Parabacteroides, Bacteroides and Flavobacterium genera, correlating with a beneficial metabolomic profile, whereas Blautia, Dysgonomonas and Porphyromonas showed an opposite pattern. Exercise effectively counteracted HFD-induced microbial imbalance, leading to intestinal barrier preservation, which, in turn, prevented deregulation of the gut-liver axis and improved bile acid homeostasis, determining the clinical outcomes of NAFLD. In conclusion, we provide scientific evidence highlighting the benefits of gut microbiota composition and functionality modulation by physical exercise protocols in the management of early obesity and NAFLD development. Summary: The beneficial effects of exercise against diet-induced early obesity and NAFLD are mediated by its capacity to modulate intestinal microbiota composition and functionality, restore lipid metabolism and prevent disruption of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Porras
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | | | | | - María José Cuevas
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - José Luis Mauriz
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.,Servicio de Aparato Digestivo del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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7
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Porras D, Nistal E, Martínez-Flórez S, Olcoz JL, Jover R, Jorquera F, González-Gallego J, García-Mediavilla MV, Sánchez-Campos S. Functional Interactions between Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Quercetin, and High-Fat Diet Determine Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development in Germ-Free Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800930. [PMID: 30680920 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Modulation of intestinal microbiota has emerged as a new therapeutic approach for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Herein, it is addressed whether gut microbiota modulation by quercetin and intestinal microbiota transplantation can influence NAFLD development. METHODS AND RESULTS Gut microbiota donor mice are selected according to their response to high-fat diet (HFD) and quercetin in terms of obesity and NAFLD-related biomarkers. Germ-free recipients displayed metabolic phenotypic differences derived from interactions between microbiota transplanted, diets, and quercetin. Based on the evaluation of hallmark characteristics of NAFLD, it is found that gut microbiota transplantation from the HFD-non-responder donor and the HFD-fed donor with the highest response to quercetin results in a protective phenotype against HFD-induced NAFLD, in a mechanism that involves gut-liver axis alteration blockage in these receivers. Gut microbiota from the HFD-responder donor predisposed transplanted germ-free mice to NAFLD. Divergent protective and deleterious metabolic phenotypes exhibited are related to definite microbial profiles in recipients, highlighting the predominant role of Akkermansia genus in the protection from obesity-associated NAFLD development. CONCLUSIONS The results provide scientific support for the prebiotic capacity of quercetin and the transfer of established metabolic profiles through gut microbiota transplantation as a protective strategy against the development of obesity-related NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, León, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24008, León, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Olcoz
- Department of Gastroenterology. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24008, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Jorquera
- Department of Gastroenterology. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24008, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Porras D, Nistal E, Martínez-Flórez S, González-Gallego J, García-Mediavilla MV, Sánchez-Campos S. Intestinal Microbiota Modulation in Obesity-Related Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1813. [PMID: 30618824 PMCID: PMC6305464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a major concern to public well-being worldwide due to their high prevalence among the population, and its tendency on the rise point to as important threats in the future. Therapeutic approaches for obesity-associated disorders have been circumscribed to lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy. Over the last few years, different studies have shown a significant role of intestinal microbiota (IM) on obesity establishment and NAFLD development. Therefore, modulation of IM emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated diseases. Administration of prebiotic and probiotic compounds, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and exercise protocols have shown a modulatory action over the IM. In this review we provide an overview of current approaches targeting IM which have shown their capacity to counteract NAFLD and metabolic syndrome features in human patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Porras D, Nistal E, Martínez-Flórez S, Pisonero-Vaquero S, Olcoz JL, Jover R, González-Gallego J, García-Mediavilla MV, Sánchez-Campos S. Protective effect of quercetin on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice is mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and related gut-liver axis activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:188-202. [PMID: 27890642 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is involved in obesity, metabolic syndrome and the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been recently suggested that the flavonoid quercetin may have the ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition, suggesting a prebiotic capacity which highlights a great therapeutic potential in NAFLD. The present study aims to investigate benefits of experimental treatment with quercetin on gut microbial balance and related gut-liver axis activation in a nutritional animal model of NAFLD associated to obesity. C57BL/6J mice were challenged with high fat diet (HFD) supplemented or not with quercetin for 16 weeks. HFD induced obesity, metabolic syndrome and the development of hepatic steatosis as main hepatic histological finding. Increased accumulation of intrahepatic lipids was associated with altered gene expression related to lipid metabolism, as a result of deregulation of their major modulators. Quercetin supplementation decreased insulin resistance and NAFLD activity score, by reducing the intrahepatic lipid accumulation through its ability to modulate lipid metabolism gene expression, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent lipoperoxidation and related lipotoxicity. Microbiota composition was determined via 16S ribosomal RNA Illumina next-generation sequencing. Metagenomic studies revealed HFD-dependent differences at phylum, class and genus levels leading to dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and in Gram-negative bacteria, and a dramatically increased detection of Helicobacter genus. Dysbiosis was accompanied by endotoxemia, intestinal barrier dysfunction and gut-liver axis alteration and subsequent inflammatory gene overexpression. Dysbiosis-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-NF-κB signaling pathway activation was associated with inflammasome initiation response and reticulum stress pathway induction. Quercetin reverted gut microbiota imbalance and related endotoxemia-mediated TLR-4 pathway induction, with subsequent inhibition of inflammasome response and reticulum stress pathway activation, leading to the blockage of lipid metabolism gene expression deregulation. Our results support the suitability of quercetin as a therapeutic approach for obesity-associated NAFLD via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and prebiotic integrative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Porras
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
| | - Esther Nistal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain.
| | | | | | - José Luis Olcoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain.
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Victoria García-Mediavilla
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Peropadre B, Zueco D, Porras D, García-Ripoll JJ. Nonequilibrium and nonperturbative dynamics of ultrastrong coupling in open lines. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:243602. [PMID: 24483659 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.243602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The time and space resolved dynamics of a qubit with an Ohmic coupling to propagating 1D photons is studied, from weak coupling to the ultrastrong coupling regime. A nonperturbative study based on matrix product states shows the following results, (i) The ground state of the combined systems contains excitations of both the qubit and the surrounding bosonic field. (ii) An initially excited qubit equilibrates through spontaneous emission to a state, which under certain conditions is locally close to that ground state, both in the qubit and the field. (iii) The resonances of the combined qubit-photon system match those of the spontaneous emission process and also the predictions of the adiabatic renormalization [A. J. Leggett et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1 (1987)]. Finally, nonperturbative ab initio calculations show that this physics can be studied using a flux qubit galvanically coupled to a superconducting transmission line.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peropadre
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid E-28006, Spain
| | - D Zueco
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón y Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain and Fundación ARAID, Paseo María Agustín 36, Zaragoza E-50004, Spain
| | - D Porras
- Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - J J García-Ripoll
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid E-28006, Spain
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11
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Salguero HC, Hernandez C, Guzman LS, Sanchez NC, Aceituno LG, Morales H, Jimenez R, Porras D. Evolution of the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Developing Country. When Money Matters. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt203.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
We show that a large number of ions forming a 2D Coulomb crystal provides an almost ideal system for scalable quantum computation and quantum simulation. In particular, the coupling of the internal states to the motion of the ions transverse to the crystal plane allows one to implement two-qubit quantum gates. We analyze in detail the decoherence induced by anharmonic couplings, and show that very high gate fidelities can be achieved with current experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porras
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, D-85748, Germany
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13
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Porras D, Cirac JI. Bose-Einstein condensation and strong-correlation behavior of phonons in ion traps. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:263602. [PMID: 15697979 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that the dynamics of phonons in a set of trapped ions interacting with lasers is described by a Bose-Hubbard model whose parameters can be externally adjusted. We investigate the possibility of observing several quantum many-body phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensation as well as a superfluid-Mott insulator quantum phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porras
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, D-85748, Germany.
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14
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Verstraete F, Porras D, Cirac JI. Density matrix renormalization group and periodic boundary conditions: a quantum information perspective. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:227205. [PMID: 15601115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.227205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a picture to analyze the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) numerical method from a quantum information perspective. This leads to a variational formulation of DMRG which allows for dramatic improvements in the case of problems with periodic boundary conditions. The picture also explains some features of the method in terms of entanglement and teleportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Verstraete
- Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, D-85748, Germany
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15
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Abstract
We show that the physical system consisting of trapped ions interacting with lasers may undergo a rich variety of quantum phase transitions. By changing the laser intensities and polarizations the dynamics of the internal states of the ions can be controlled, in such a way that an Ising or Heisenberg-like interaction is induced between effective spins. Our scheme allows us to build an analogue quantum simulator of spin systems with trapped ions, and observe and analyze quantum phase transitions with unprecedented opportunities for the measurement and manipulation of spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porras
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, Garching, D-85748, Germany.
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16
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Porras D, Kratz C, Loukas M, van Doesburg NH, Davignon A, Van Praagh R. Superoinferior ventricles with superior left ventricle and inferior right ventricle: a newly recognized form of congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2003; 24:604-7. [PMID: 12669153 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-002-0396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the first known case of supero-inferior ventricles with a superior morphologically left ventricle and an inferior morphologically right ventricle. This 2 1/2-year-old boy also had dextrocardia, double-outlet right ventricle [S,L,L], right-sided mitral atresia, left-sided tricuspid regurgitation, a large conoventricular type of ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary outflow tract stenosis. This very rare form of superoinferior ventricles appears to be due to excessive levorotation (approximately equal to 170 degrees) of discordant L-loop ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porras
- The Cardiac Registry, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Action potential propagation simulations with physiologic membrane currents and macroscopic tissue dimensions are computationally expensive. We, therefore, analyzed distributed computing schemes to reduce execution time in workstation clusters by parallelizing solutions with message passing. Four schemes were considered in two-dimensional monodomain simulations with the Beeler-Reuter membrane equations. Parallel speedups measured with each scheme were compared to theoretical speedups, recognizing the relationship between speedup and code portions that executed serially. A data decomposition scheme based on total ionic current provided the best performance. Analysis of communication latencies in that scheme led to a load-balancing algorithm in which measured speedups at 89 +/- 2% and 75 +/- 8% of theoretical speedups were achieved in homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters of workstations. Speedups in this scheme with the Luo-Rudy dynamic membrane equations exceeded 3.0 with eight distributed workstations. Cluster speedups were comparable to those measured during parallel execution on a shared memory machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA
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