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Armstrong HK, Bording-Jorgensen M, Santer DM, Zhang Z, Valcheva R, Rieger AM, Sung-Ho Kim J, Dijk SI, Mahmood R, Ogungbola O, Jovel J, Moreau F, Gorman H, Dickner R, Jerasi J, Mander IK, Lafleur D, Cheng C, Petrova A, Jeanson TL, Mason A, Sergi CM, Levine A, Chadee K, Armstrong D, Rauscher S, Bernstein CN, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Walter J, Madsen KL, Dieleman LA, Wine E. Unfermented β-fructan Fibers Fuel Inflammation in Select Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:228-240. [PMID: 36183751 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are affected by dietary factors, including nondigestible carbohydrates (fibers), which are fermented by colonic microbes. Fibers are overall beneficial, but not all fibers are alike, and some patients with IBD report intolerance to fiber consumption. Given reproducible evidence of reduced fiber-fermenting microbes in patients with IBD, we hypothesized that fibers remain intact in select patients with reduced fiber-fermenting microbes and can then bind host cell receptors, subsequently promoting gut inflammation. METHODS Colonic biopsies cultured ex vivo and cell lines in vitro were incubated with oligofructose (5 g/L), or fermentation supernatants (24-hour anaerobic fermentation) and immune responses (cytokine secretion [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/meso scale discovery] and expression [quantitative polymerase chain reaction]) were assessed. Influence of microbiota in mediating host response was examined and taxonomic classification of microbiota was conducted with Kraken2 and metabolic profiling by HUMAnN2, using R software. RESULTS Unfermented dietary β-fructan fibers induced proinflammatory cytokines in a subset of IBD intestinal biopsies cultured ex vivo, and immune cells (including peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Results were validated in an adult IBD randomized controlled trial examining β-fructan supplementation. The proinflammatory response to intact β-fructan required activation of the NLRP3 and TLR2 pathways. Fermentation of β-fructans by human gut whole microbiota cultures reduced the proinflammatory response, but only when microbes were collected from patients without IBD or patients with inactive IBD. Fiber-induced immune responses correlated with microbe functions, luminal metabolites, and dietary fiber avoidance. CONCLUSION Although fibers are typically beneficial in individuals with normal microbial fermentative potential, some dietary fibers have detrimental effects in select patients with active IBD who lack fermentative microbe activities. The study is publicly accessible at the U.S. National Institutes of Health database (clinicaltrials.gov identification number NCT02865707).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Armstrong
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Michael Bording-Jorgensen
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rosica Valcheva
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aja M Rieger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin Sung-Ho Kim
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie I Dijk
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ramsha Mahmood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Olamide Ogungbola
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Moreau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hayley Gorman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robyn Dickner
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy Jerasi
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Inderdeep K Mander
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dawson Lafleur
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Cheng
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexandra Petrova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Terri-Lyn Jeanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Mason
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arie Levine
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Rauscher
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matthew W Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hien Q Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Levinus A Dieleman
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Armstrong H, Valcheva R, Santer D, Zhang Z, Rieger A, Dijk SI, Dickner R, Jerasi J, Mander IK, Moreau F, Gorman H, Lafleur D, Jovel J, Petrova A, Chadee K, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Madsen K, Dieleman LA, Wine E. A31 COMPLEX ROLE OF DIETARY FIBERS IN IBD: MICROBES MEDIATE FIBER-INDUCED INFLAMMATION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dietary fibers pass through the bowel undigested and are fermented within the intestine by microbes, typically promoting gut health. However, many IBD patients describe experiencing sensitivity to fibers. β-glucan, found on the surface of fungal cells during fungal infection, has been shown to bind to fiber receptors, such as Dectin-1, on host immune cells, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. These fungal fibres share properties with dietary fibers.
Aims
As an altered gut microbial composition has been associated with IBD, we hypothesized that the loss of fiber-fermenting microbes populating the gut in IBD could lead to dietary fibers not being efficiently broken down into their beneficial biproducts (e.g. short chain fatty acids; SCFA), resulting in binding of intact fibers to pro-inflammatory host cell receptors.
Methods
Immune and epithelial cell lines and colonic biopsies cultured ex vivo were incubated with oligofructose or inulin (5g/L), or pre-fermented fibers (24hr anaerobic fermentation). Immune responses were measured by cytokine secretion (ELISA), and expression (qPCR). Barrier integrity was measured by transepithelial resistance (TEER). Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data of patient fiber consumption were correlated with gut microbes (shotgun sequencing) and immune responses to fiber in patient biopsies.
Results
Unfermented oligofructose induced IL-1β secretion in leukocytes (macrophage, T cell, neutrophil) and in colon biopsies from pediatric Crohn disease (CD; n=38) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n=20) patients cultured ex vivo, but not in non-IBD patients (n=21). IL-1β secretion was greater in patients with more severe disease. Pre-fermentation of oligofructose by whole-microbe intestinal washes from non-IBD patients or remission patients reduced secretion of IL-1β, while whole microbe intestinal washes from severe IBD patients were unable to ferment oligofructose or reduce cytokine secretion. Fiber effects on IL-1β secretion in biopsies positively correlated with effects on barrier integrity in T84 cells. Fiber-associated immune responses in patient biopsies cultured ex vivo (ELISA) correlated with fiber avoidance (FFQ) and gut microbiome (sequencing) in matching patient samples.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that intolerance and avoidance of prebiotic fibers in select IBD patients is associated with the inability to ferment these fibers, leading to pro-inflammatory immune responses and intestinal barrier disruption. This highlights select disease state scenarios, in which administration of fermentable fibers should be avoided and tailored dietary interventions should be considered in IBD patients.
Funding Agencies
CIHRWeston Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Valcheva
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Santer
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Rieger
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S I Dijk
- Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Dickner
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Jerasi
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - I K Mander
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Beaumont, AB, Canada
| | - F Moreau
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Gorman
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - D Lafleur
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Jovel
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Petrova
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Chadee
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M W Carroll
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Univeristy of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - H Q Huynh
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Beaumont, AB, Canada
| | - K Madsen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L A Dieleman
- Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Wine
- Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Armstrong H, Bording-Jorgensen M, Jerasi J, Lafleur D, Valcheva R, Wine E. A45 MANAGING THE IBDO’S AND IBDON’TS OF DIETARY FIBER CONSUMPTION IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Jerasi
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Lafleur
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Valcheva
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E Wine
- Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Armstrong H, Alipour M, Valcheva R, Bording-Jorgensen M, Jovel J, Zaidi D, Shah P, Lou Y, Ebeling C, Mason AL, Lafleur D, Jerasi J, Wong GKS, Madsen K, Carroll MW, Huynh HQ, Dieleman LA, Wine E. Host immunoglobulin G selectively identifies pathobionts in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases. Microbiome 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30925932 PMCID: PMC6317230 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of complex and multifactorial disorders with unknown etiology. Chronic intestinal inflammation develops against resident intestinal bacteria in genetically susceptible hosts. We hypothesized that host intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig) G can be used to identify bacteria involved in IBD pathogenesis. RESULTS IgG-bound and -unbound microorganisms were collected from 32 pediatric terminal ileum aspirate washes during colonoscopy [non-IBD (n = 10), Crohn disease (n = 15), and ulcerative colitis (n = 7)], and composition was assessed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. In vitro analysis of invasive capacity was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and gentamicin invasion assay; immune activation was measured by qPCR. Despite considerable inter-individual variations, IgG binding favored specific and unique mucosa-associated species in pediatric IBD patients. Burkholderia cepacia, Flavonifractor plautii, and Rumminococcus sp. demonstrated increased IgG binding, while Pseudomonas ST29 demonstrated reduced IgG binding, in IBD. In vitro validation confirmed that B. cepacia, F. plautii, and Rumminococcus display invasive potential while Pseudomonas protogens did not. CONCLUSION Using IgG as a marker of pathobionts in larger patient cohorts to identify microbes and elucidate their role in IBD pathogenesis will potentially underpin new strategies to facilitate development of novel, targeted diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, this method can be used beyond the scope of this manuscript to evaluate altered gut pathobionts in a number of diseases associated with altered microbiota including arthritis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, metabolic syndrome, and carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Armstrong
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Misagh Alipour
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Rosica Valcheva
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Michael Bording-Jorgensen
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Deenaz Zaidi
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Prachi Shah
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Yuefei Lou
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Cory Ebeling
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Andrew L. Mason
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Dawson Lafleur
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Jeremy Jerasi
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Gane K.-S. Wong
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Karen Madsen
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Matthew W. Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Hien Q. Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
| | - Levinus A. Dieleman
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- CEGIIR, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Room 4-577, 11405 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9 Canada
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Plummer JS, Berryman KA, Cai C, Cody WL, DiMaio J, Doherty AM, Eaton S, Edmunds JJ, Holland DR, Lafleur D, Levesque S, Narasimhan LS, Rubin JR, Rapundalo ST, Siddiqui MA, Susser A, St-Denis Y, Winocour P. Potent and selective bicyclic lactam inhibitors of thrombin: Part 3: P1' modifications. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:835-40. [PMID: 10206546 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and antithrombotic activity of a series of nonpeptide bicyclic thrombin inhibitors are described. We have explored the SAR around the P1' site. Modification of the P1' site has been found to affect potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Plummer
- Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Nixon-George A, Moran T, Dionne G, Penney CL, Lafleur D, Bona CA. The adjuvant effect of stearyl tyrosine on a recombinant subunit hepatitis B surface antigen. J Immunol 1990; 144:4798-802. [PMID: 2351829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe the enhancement of the antibody response against hepatitis B surface Ag by octadecyl L-tyrosine, a synthetic adjuvant designed to exert its adjuvant effect in a manner similar to that of alum because it binds soluble Ag and releases it slowly from the site of injection. Our data demonstrate that octadecyl L-tyrosine showed a significant enhancement of the antihepatitis B surface Ag response compared to that of alum in the secondary response. The most striking difference between octadecyl L-tyrosine and alum in the antihepatitis B surface Ag antibody response was the absence of IgE-specific antibodies subsequent to immunization of the Ag in octadecyl L-tyrosine. Both the optical isomers of the octadecyl esters of tyrosine were adjuvant active, however, the racemic mixture showed a significantly lowe adjuvant activity. This adjuvant has great potential to be used in humans because it is devoid of side effects as assessed by the lack of acute and chronic toxicity in mice and rats, pyrogenicity in rabbits, formation of granuloma in cats, and adjuvant arthritis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nixon-George
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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7
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Nixon-George A, Moran T, Dionne G, Penney CL, Lafleur D, Bona CA. The adjuvant effect of stearyl tyrosine on a recombinant subunit hepatitis B surface antigen. The Journal of Immunology 1990. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.144.12.4798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe the enhancement of the antibody response against hepatitis B surface Ag by octadecyl L-tyrosine, a synthetic adjuvant designed to exert its adjuvant effect in a manner similar to that of alum because it binds soluble Ag and releases it slowly from the site of injection. Our data demonstrate that octadecyl L-tyrosine showed a significant enhancement of the antihepatitis B surface Ag response compared to that of alum in the secondary response. The most striking difference between octadecyl L-tyrosine and alum in the antihepatitis B surface Ag antibody response was the absence of IgE-specific antibodies subsequent to immunization of the Ag in octadecyl L-tyrosine. Both the optical isomers of the octadecyl esters of tyrosine were adjuvant active, however, the racemic mixture showed a significantly lowe adjuvant activity. This adjuvant has great potential to be used in humans because it is devoid of side effects as assessed by the lack of acute and chronic toxicity in mice and rats, pyrogenicity in rabbits, formation of granuloma in cats, and adjuvant arthritis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nixon-George
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - T Moran
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - G Dionne
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - C L Penney
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - D Lafleur
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - C A Bona
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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Lasry JC, Margolese RG, Poisson R, Shibata H, Fleischer D, Lafleur D, Legault S, Taillefer S. Depression and body image following mastectomy and lumpectomy. J Chronic Dis 1987; 40:529-34. [PMID: 3597656 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A twenty year debate about the appropriate surgery for breast cancer has resulted in two clinical trials comparing radical vs more conservative operations. Despite the favorable results of these trials, the majority of breast cancer patients in North America still undergo mastectomy. We investigated the psychological and social adjustment following total and partial mastectomy in a group of patients randomly assigned to one or the other operation (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Protocol--B-06). Total mastectomy patients showed higher levels of depression and less satisfaction with body image. Partial mastectomy patients did not display any measurable increase in fear of recurrence. Patients undergoing radiation therapy showed surprising increase in depressive symptoms. Radiation therapy could well be more frightening to breast surgery patients than had been anticipated. These patients may benefit from some anticipatory counselling.
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Gross HA, Dunner DL, Lafleur D, Meltzer HL, Muhlbauer HL, Fieve RR. Prostaglandins. A review of neurophysiology and psychiatric implications. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977; 34:1189-96. [PMID: 20867 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770220071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the function of prostaglandins (PGs) in the nervous system and discusses the possible alterations in PG metabolism as relating to mental illness. The PGs are a unique group of cyclic fatty acids whose immediate precursors are thought to function postsynaptically by inhibition or facillitation of neurotransmission through cyclase inhibition or activation, and by means of a negative feedback loop to inhibit further release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve. A review of PGs in psychiatric conditions is presented as well as a discussion of the interaction of psychoactive drugs with the PGs. The concluding section of this review discusses possible future strategies to provide insight into PG physiology as it relates to synaptic transmission in normal and pathological conditions in man.
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Gross HA, Dunner DL, Lafleur D, Meltzer HL, Fieve RR. Prostaglandin F in patients with primary affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1977; 12:347-57. [PMID: 871488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two aspects of prostaglandin F (PGF) metabolism were assessed in patients with primary affective disorder. For a group of hospitalized patients cerebrospinal fluid PGF was measured by radioimmunoassay and the effects of probenecid and L-tryptophan were determined. For outpatients attending our Lithium Clinic, plasma PGF was measured and the acute and chronic effects of lithium were determined. The results of the studies reveal apparently normal concentrations of PGF in cerebrospinal fluid. These concentrations increase twofold after probenecid, indicating that PGF is transported out of the central nervous system by a probenecid-sensitive active transport system. Evidence for inhibition of PGF synthesis during L-tryptophan treatment was found. The results for outpatient plasma studies suggest no effect on PGF with 12 weeks of lithium treatment, although a slight elevation of plasma PGF with chronic lithium treatment may occur. Specificity of the assay technique as applied to plasma is discussed. This is the first report of the direct measurement of PGF in a psychiatric disorder.
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