1
|
Chen F, Gurler SB, Novo D, Selli C, Alferez DG, Eroglu S, Pavlou K, Zhang J, Sims AH, Humphreys NE, Adamson A, Campbell A, Sansom OJ, Tournier C, Clarke RB, Brennan K, Streuli CH, Ucar A. RAC1B function is essential for breast cancer stem cell maintenance and chemoresistance of breast tumor cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:679-692. [PMID: 36599922 PMCID: PMC9957727 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) are presumed to be responsible for treatment resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis of breast tumors. However, development of BCSC-targeting therapies has been held back by their heterogeneity and the lack of BCSC-selective molecular targets. Here, we demonstrate that RAC1B, the only known alternatively spliced variant of the small GTPase RAC1, is expressed in a subset of BCSCs in vivo and its function is required for the maintenance of BCSCs and their chemoresistance to doxorubicin. In human breast cancer cell line MCF7, RAC1B is required for BCSC plasticity and chemoresistance to doxorubicin in vitro and for tumor-initiating abilities in vivo. Unlike Rac1, Rac1b function is dispensable for normal mammary gland development and mammary epithelial stem cell (MaSC) activity. In contrast, loss of Rac1b function in a mouse model of breast cancer hampers the BCSC activity and increases their chemosensitivity to doxorubicin treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that RAC1B is a clinically relevant molecular target for the development of BCSC-targeting therapies that may improve the effectiveness of doxorubicin-mediated chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhui Chen
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sevim B. Gurler
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Novo
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cigdem Selli
- grid.470904.e0000 0004 0496 2805Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Denis G. Alferez
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Secil Eroglu
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kyriaki Pavlou
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew H. Sims
- grid.470904.e0000 0004 0496 2805Applied Bioinformatics of Cancer, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil E. Humphreys
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- grid.23636.320000 0000 8821 5196Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- grid.23636.320000 0000 8821 5196Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XSchool of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cathy Tournier
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert B. Clarke
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Keith Brennan
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Charles H. Streuli
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ahmet Ucar
- Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lipowska-Bhalla G, McHugh DJ, Babur M, Martin IP, Berks M, Little RA, Cheung S, Watson Y, Alferez DG, Williams KJ, Honeychurch J, O'Connor JP. Abstract 2781: Diffusion weighted MRI evaluation of response to immunotherapy and radiotherapy in CT26 and 4T1 syngeneic mouse models of cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapy has potential to improve outcome for cancer patients. The MRI biomarker apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC) can map response to radiotherapy (RT) through its sensitivity to changes in tumor fluid and cellularity. The role of ADC in evaluating immunotherapy agents is unknown, despite investigators using ADC change as an exploratory endpoint in early phase clinical trials.
Our study sought to evaluate and validate ADC changes induced by both RT and immunotherapy agents in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Three experiments were performed in BALB/c mice bearing CT26 colorectal cancers: (1) single 10Gy fraction RT versus control (sham); (2) TLR 7/8 agonist R848 versus control (saline); (3) anti-PD-L1 antibody versus control (saline). We acquired MRI data at 7T Bruker system at days 0, 3, 7, +/- 10 after therapy start, with tumors measuring between 250-300 mm3 at day 0. Median ADC and the inter-quartile range (IQR; a measure of tumor heterogeneity) were derived. Three further equivalent experiments were performed in BALB/c mice bearing triple negative 4T1 breast tumors. All CT26 and 4T1 tumors were bisected at cull for immunohistochemistry and FACS analysis.
For CT26 model, RT-induced tumor growth inhibition (p<0.001) and increased median ADC and IQR at days 7-10 (p<0.05) were accompanied by increased numbers of CD8 cells at days 7-10 on both immunohistochemistry and FACS (p<0.01) and increased necrosis (P<0.05), relative to control. Neither R848 nor anti-PD-L1 modified tumor growth, CD8 cells or macrophages on FACS. R848 induced marked increase in median ADC and IQR at day 3 (p<0.01) accompanied by decrease in CD4 cells at day 3. In distinction, the increased ADC in 4T1 tumors treated with RT (p<0.05 at d7 and d10) and R848 (p<0.05 at d3) were not associated with any change of immune cell populations in tumors as determined by FACS. Anti-PD-L1 therapy did not alter median ADC in either CT26 or 4T1 models, although diffusion heterogeneity, measured by the IQR of ADC was increased markedly in 3/7 CT26 tumors.
In conclusion, our data are the first to evaluate ADC changes induced by RT and immunotherapy agents in syngeneic mouse models of cancer. RT, R848 and anti-PD-L1 induced different ADC responses, each with varied relationships to immune cells. This highlights the need for extensive validation before diffusion weighted MRI biomarkers can be used in clinical trials to monitor response to immunotherapies alone or in combination with RT.
Citation Format: Grazyna Lipowska-Bhalla, Damien J. McHugh, Muhammad Babur, Isabel Peset Martin, Michael Berks, Ross A. Little, Susan Cheung, Yvonne Watson, Denis G. Alferez, Kaye J. Williams, Jamie Honeychurch, James P. O'Connor. Diffusion weighted MRI evaluation of response to immunotherapy and radiotherapy in CT26 and 4T1 syngeneic mouse models of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2781.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Berks
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Cheung
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Watson
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review will discuss how the steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, as well as treatments that target steroid receptors, can regulate cancer stem cell (CSC) activity. The CSC theory proposes a hierarchical organization in tumors where at its apex lies a subpopulation of cancer cells endowed with self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Recent Findings In breast cancer (BC), CSCs have been suggested to play a key role in tumor maintenance, disease progression, and the formation of metastases. In preclinical models of BC, only a few CSCs are required sustain tumor re-growth, especially after conventional anti-endocrine treatments. CSCs include therapy-resistant clones that survive standard of care treatments like chemotherapy, irradiation, and hormonal therapy. Summary The relevance of hormones for both normal mammary gland and BC development is well described, but it was only recently that the activities of hormones on CSCs have been investigated, opening new directions for future BC treatments and CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis G. Alferez
- Breast Biology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ UK
| | - Bruno M. Simões
- Breast Biology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ UK
| | - Sacha J. Howell
- Breast Biology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Manchester, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Robert B. Clarke
- Breast Biology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4GJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dobrolecki LE, Airhart SD, Alferez DG, Aparicio S, Behbod F, Bentires-Alj M, Brisken C, Bult CJ, Cai S, Clarke RB, Dowst H, Ellis MJ, Gonzalez-Suarez E, Iggo RD, Kabos P, Li S, Lindeman GJ, Marangoni E, McCoy A, Meric-Bernstam F, Piwnica-Worms H, Poupon MF, Reis-Filho J, Sartorius CA, Scabia V, Sflomos G, Tu Y, Vaillant F, Visvader JE, Welm A, Wicha MS, Lewis MT. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in basic and translational breast cancer research. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:547-573. [PMID: 28025748 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of a growing spectrum of cancers are rapidly supplanting long-established traditional cell lines as preferred models for conducting basic and translational preclinical research. In breast cancer, to complement the now curated collection of approximately 45 long-established human breast cancer cell lines, a newly formed consortium of academic laboratories, currently from Europe, Australia, and North America, herein summarizes data on over 500 stably transplantable PDX models representing all three clinical subtypes of breast cancer (ER+, HER2+, and "Triple-negative" (TNBC)). Many of these models are well-characterized with respect to genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic features, metastatic behavior, and treatment response to a variety of standard-of-care and experimental therapeutics. These stably transplantable PDX lines are generally available for dissemination to laboratories conducting translational research, and contact information for each collection is provided. This review summarizes current experiences related to PDX generation across participating groups, efforts to develop data standards for annotation and dissemination of patient clinical information that does not compromise patient privacy, efforts to develop complementary data standards for annotation of PDX characteristics and biology, and progress toward "credentialing" of PDX models as surrogates to represent individual patients for use in preclinical and co-clinical translational research. In addition, this review highlights important unresolved questions, as well as current limitations, that have hampered more efficient generation of PDX lines and more rapid adoption of PDX use in translational breast cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey E Dobrolecki
- The Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Denis G Alferez
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M21 4QL, UK
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer Agency, 675 W10th Avenue, Vancouver, V6R 3A6, Canada
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center
- 3901 Rainbow Blvd, WHE 1005B, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mohamed Bentires-Alj
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Lab 306, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC-Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, SV2.832 Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carol J Bult
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M21 4QL, UK
| | - Heidi Dowst
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- The Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, PEBC, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, IDIBELL, Av. Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, 199-203, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard D Iggo
- INSERM U1218, Bergonié Cancer Institute, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Peter Kabos
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aaron McCoy
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Departments of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics and Breast Surgical Oncology, UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-France Poupon
- Founder and Scientific Advisor, XenTech SA, Genopole, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Director of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Affiliate Member, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, and Center for Computational Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Valentina Scabia
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC-Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, SV2.832 Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Sflomos
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC-Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, SV2.832 Station 19, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yizheng Tu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - François Vaillant
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alana Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Madeline and Sidney Forbes Professor of Oncology, Director, Forbes Institute for Cancer Discovery, NCRC 26-335S, SPC 2800 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- The Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are potent tumor-initiating cells in breast cancer, the most common cancer among women. BCSCs have been suggested to play a key role in tumor initiation which can lead to disease progression and formation of metastases. Moreover, BCSCs are thought to be the unit of selection for therapy-resistant clones since they survive conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, irradiation, and hormonal therapy. The importance of the role of hormones for both normal mammary gland and breast cancer development is well established, but it was not until recently that the effects of hormones on BCSCs have been investigated. This review will discuss recent studies highlighting how ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone, as well as therapies against them, can regulate BCSC activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Simões
- Breast Biology GroupBreast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UKDepartment of Medical OncologyThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Denis G Alferez
- Breast Biology GroupBreast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UKDepartment of Medical OncologyThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sacha J Howell
- Breast Biology GroupBreast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UKDepartment of Medical OncologyThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK Breast Biology GroupBreast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UKDepartment of Medical OncologyThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Biology GroupBreast Cancer Now Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UKDepartment of Medical OncologyThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alferez DG, Dry JR, Holt SV, Weston SL, McWalter G, Beran GJ, Revill M, Smith PD, Guichard S, Wedge SR, Hedge P, Wilkinson RW. Abstract C2: Selection for combinational studies through biomarker stratification in colorectal patient-derived explant models. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Patient-derived explant models (PTX) show a higher genetic and pathological heterogeneity than cell line derived xenograft models, and may have greater clinical relevance in cancer drug development and personalised oncology treatments than cell line derived xenograft models. Therefore PTX models can potentially be used to provide additional confidence in patient stratification hypotheses for novel therapies or combination approaches.
To examine comparative pharmacological responses in PTX models, the monotherapy activity of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib was determined in colorectal cancer PTX models that were stratified according to a MEK pathway “functional activation” mRNA signature, originally derived using a broad human tumor cell line panel (1). Tumor passage, immunohistochemical and genetic markers of target pathway activity were also assessed to collectively select 6 models of high interest for examining response to treatment. In addition, to monotherapy treatment, 3 models were also used to examine the combination of selumetinib with the mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor AZD8055.
The results suggest that the MEK pathway mRNA signature is applicable in colorectal PTX models and enables selumetinib responsive versus non-responsive models to be identified. Combination therapy of selumetinib and AZD8055 has also shown additional therapeutic benefit, similar to that observed in selected cell line derived xenografts.
These data illustrate that use of PTX panels can be applied to substantiate in-vitro derived biomarker-led hypotheses for a given therapeutic approach. In addition, biomarker stratification has focused experimental design to test novel:novel combinations and may enable stratification for prospective patient subsets. Collectively this approach to disease modelling could significantly reduce wide screening in vivo studies and steer more refined clinically relevant hypotheses, whilst allowing for a reduction in animal usage.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis G. Alferez
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Dry
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah V. Holt
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Susie L. Weston
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gael McWalter
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Garry J. Beran
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Revill
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Smith
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Guichard
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Wedge
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Hedge
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W. Wilkinson
- 1AstraZeneca, iMed Oncology, Innovative Medicines, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alferez DG, Brown H, Dry JR, Runswick S, James N, McWalter G, Whiteley J, Revill M, Beran G, Farren M, Smith NR, Hedge P, Barry S, Wedge SR, Wilkinson RW. Abstract A13: Characterization of CRC primary explant models in comparison to standard human tumor cell-line-derived CRC xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Primary tumor xenograft models (PTX) are established in immunodeficient mice by implantation of material directly from patient tumors. These models are propagated in vivo so that they are not subjected to additional selection pressures within tissue culture. The models reputedly reflect a greater genetic diversity of disease than can be recapitulated within tumor cell line derived xenografts and may have morphological differences. Consequently, such models may be of greater relevance for the evaluation of drug efficacy.
To verify differences versus cell line derived xenograft models, we have examined samples of 42 CRC PTX models, derived from Dukes stage A-D tumor samples, which were obtained from European contract research organisations) Characterisation included analysis of common genetic mutations (KRas, BRAF, PI3Ka, PTEN, P53 and APC), mRNA expression via microarray platforms (Affymetrics HG_U133_plus_2), high-throughput RT-PCR of specific probes (mouse and human) to examine stromal genes, and the activation of particular proteins using reverse phase antibody arrays and immunohistochemistry. Comparisons were made with 6 commonly used CRC cell line derived xenografts.
The PTX models overall represent a broader range of molecular pathology - for example the inclusion of wild-type Kras tumors. Histopathological characterisation also confirmed that the PTX models have a higher stromal content that is routinely observed in cell line derived xenografts, and a more complex morphology with higher tumor cell differentiation.
PTX models may potentially complement drug discovery activities by providing a wider platform in which to test preclinical hypotheses - based upon a defined biological mechanism and/or a genetic determinant of sensitivity.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis G. Alferez
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Brown
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Dry
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Runswick
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Neil James
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gael McWalter
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Whiteley
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Revill
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Garry Beran
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Farren
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R. Smith
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Hedge
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Barry
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Wedge
- 1AZ Research & Development, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alferez DG, Ryan AJ, Goodlad RA, Wright NA, Wilkinson RW. Effects of vandetanib on adenoma formation in a dextran sodium sulphate enhanced Apc(MIN/+) mouse model. Int J Oncol 2010; 37:767-72. [PMID: 20811697 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Apc(MIN/+) mouse is a well-characterised model of intestinal tumourigenesis in which animals develop macroscopically detectable adenomas. However, most of the adenomas are formed in the small intestine and resolution of events in the colon, the most relevant site for human disease, is limited. Inducing colitis with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) can selectively enhance the development of lesions in the colon. We demonstrated that a DSS pre-treatment is well tolerated and effective at inducing colon adenomas in an Apc(MIN/+) mouse model. We then investigated the effect of inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR)- and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent signalling pathways on the development of adenomas induced in DSS-pretreated (DSS/Apc(MIN/+)) or non-DSS-pretreated (Apc(MIN/+)) mice using vandetanib (ZD6474), a potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFR and EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. Eight-week old Apc(MIN/+) mice were given either drinking water or 1.8% DSS and then vandetanib (ZD6474) (50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage for 28 days and sacrificed 24 h after the last dose and assessed for adenoma formation in the intestines. DSS pre-treatment was well tolerated and significantly enhanced formation of adenomas in the colon of control Apc(MIN/+) mice. Vandetanib treatment significantly reduced adenoma formation in the small intestine by 68% (P=0.001) and the colon by 77% (from 13.8 to 3.1, P=0.01) of DSS-pretreated Apc(MIN/+) mice. In the Apc(MIN/+) group, vandetanib also reduced the mean number of adenomas in the small intestine by 76% (P<0.001) and in the colon by 60% (from 3.9 to 1.5, P=0.1). DSS-pre-treatment increased the resolution of the model, allowing us to confirm statistically significant effects of vandetanib on the development and growth of colon adenomas in the Apc(MIN/+) mouse. Moreover these preclinical data provide a rationale for studying the effects of vandetanib in early stages of intestinal cancer in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis G Alferez
- Cancer Research UK, Histopathology Unit, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|