1
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Tettero JM, Dakappagari N, Heidinga ME, Oussoren-Brockhoff Y, Hanekamp D, Pahuja A, Burns K, Kaur P, Alfonso Z, van der Velden VHJ, Te Marvelde JG, Hobo W, Slomp J, Bachas C, Kelder A, Nguyen K, Cloos J. Analytical assay validation for acute myeloid leukemia measurable residual disease assessment by multiparametric flow cytometry. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2023; 104:426-439. [PMID: 37766649 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) has gained importance in clinical decision-making for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, complying with the recent In Vitro Diagnostic Regulations (IVDR) in Europe and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance in the United States requires rigorous validation prior to their use in investigational clinical trials and diagnostics. Validating AML MRD-MFC assays poses challenges due to the unique underlying disease biology and paucity of patient specimens. In this study, we describe an experimental framework for validation that meets regulatory expectations. METHODS Our validation efforts focused on evaluating assay accuracy, analytical specificity, analytical and functional sensitivity (limit of blank (LoB), detection (LLoD) and quantitation (LLoQ)), precision, linearity, sample/reagent stability and establishing the assay background frequencies. RESULTS Correlation between different MFC methods was highly significant (r = 0.99 for %blasts and r = 0.93 for %LAIPs). The analysis of LAIP specificity accurately discriminated from negative control cells. The assay demonstrated a LoB of 0.03, LLoD of 0.04, and LLoQ of 0.1%. Precision experiments yielded highly reproducible results (Coefficient of Variation <20%). Stability experiments demonstrated reliable measurement of samples up to 96 h from collection. Furthermore, the reference range of LAIP frequencies in non-AML patients was below 0.1%, ranging from 0.0% to 0.04%. CONCLUSION In this manuscript, we present the validation of an AML MFC-MRD assay using BM/PB patient specimens, adhering to best practices. Our approach is expected to assist other laboratories in expediting their validation activities to fulfill recent health authority guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Tettero
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike E Heidinga
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Oussoren-Brockhoff
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anil Pahuja
- Navigate BioPharma (a Novartis Subsidiary), Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Kerri Burns
- Navigate BioPharma (a Novartis Subsidiary), Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Pavinder Kaur
- Navigate BioPharma (a Novartis Subsidiary), Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Zeni Alfonso
- Navigate BioPharma (a Novartis Subsidiary), Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Jeroen G Te Marvelde
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Hobo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine-Laboratory of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennichjen Slomp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medisch Spectrum Twente/Medlon, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Costa Bachas
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angele Kelder
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Navigate BioPharma (a Novartis Subsidiary), Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Ngai LL, Hanekamp D, Janssen F, Carbaat-Ham J, Hofland MAMA, Fayed MMHE, Kelder A, Oudshoorn-van Marsbergen L, Scholten WJ, Snel AN, Bachas C, Tettero JM, Breems DA, Fischer T, Gjertsen BT, Griškevičius L, Juliusson G, van de Loosdrecht AA, Maertens JA, Manz MG, Pabst T, Passweg JR, Porkka K, Valk PJM, Gradowska P, Löwenberg B, de Leeuw DC, Janssen JJWM, Ossenkoppele GJ, Cloos J. Prospective validation of the prognostic relevance of CD34+CD38- AML stem cell frequency in the HOVON-SAKK132 trial. Blood 2023; 141:2657-2661. [PMID: 36898087 PMCID: PMC10646801 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lok Lam Ngai
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fleur Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannemieke Carbaat-Ham
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A. M. A. Hofland
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mona M. H. E Fayed
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angèle Kelder
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Oudshoorn-van Marsbergen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J. Scholten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander N. Snel
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Costa Bachas
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse M. Tettero
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A. Breems
- Department of Hematology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Otto von Guericke University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bjørn T. Gjertsen
- Department of Clinical Science, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laimonas Griškevičius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos and Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gunnar Juliusson
- Department of Hematology, Skanes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Maertens
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Markus G. Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob R. Passweg
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Patrycja Gradowska
- Dutch-Belgian Hemato-Oncology Cooperative Group Data Center–Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Löwenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David C. de Leeuw
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. W. M. Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J. Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Cancer Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Vonk CM, Al Hinai ASA, Hanekamp D, Valk PJM. Molecular Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5431. [PMID: 34771594 PMCID: PMC8582498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial induction chemotherapy to eradicate the bulk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells results in complete remission (CR) in the majority of patients. However, leukemic cells persisting in the bone marrow below the morphologic threshold remain unaffected and have the potential to proliferate and re-emerge as AML relapse. Detection of minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) is a promising prognostic marker for AML relapse as it can assess an individual patients' risk profile and evaluate their response to treatment. With the emergence of molecular techniques, such as next generation sequencing (NGS), a more sensitive assessment of molecular MRD markers is available. In recent years, the detection of MRD by molecular assays and its association with AML relapse and survival has been explored and verified in multiple studies. Although most studies show that the presence of MRD leads to a worse clinical outcome, molecular-based methods face several challenges including limited sensitivity/specificity, and a difficult distinction between mutations that are representative of AML rather than clonal hematopoiesis. This review describes the studies that have been performed using molecular-based assays for MRD detection in the context of other MRD detection approaches in AML, and discusses limitations, challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Vonk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adil S A Al Hinai
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- National Genetic Center, Ministry of Health, Muscat 111, Oman
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Hanekamp D, Snel AN, Kelder A, Scholten WJ, Khan N, Metzner M, Irno-Consalvo M, Sugita M, de Jong A, Oude Alink S, Eidhof H, Wilhelm M, Feuring-Buske M, Slomp J, van der Velden VHJ, Sonneveld E, Guzman M, Roboz GJ, Buccisano F, Vyas P, Freeman S, Bachas C, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schuurhuis GJ, Cloos J. Applicability and reproducibility of acute myeloid leukaemia stem cell assessment in a multi-centre setting. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:891-900. [PMID: 32239670 PMCID: PMC7540683 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Leukaemic stem cells (LSC) have been experimentally defined as the leukaemia‐propagating population and are thought to be the cellular reservoir of relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Therefore, LSC measurements are warranted to facilitate accurate risk stratification. Previously, we published the composition of a one‐tube flow cytometric assay, characterised by the presence of 13 important membrane markers for LSC detection. Here we present the validation experiments of the assay in several large AML research centres, both in Europe and the United States. Variability within instruments and sample processing showed high correlations between different instruments (Rpearson > 0·91, P < 0·001). Multi‐centre testing introduced variation in reported LSC percentages but was found to be below the clinical relevant threshold. Clear gating protocols resulted in all laboratories being able to perform LSC assessment of the validation set. Participating centres were nearly unanimously able to distinguish LSChigh (>0·03% LSC) from LSClow (<0·03% LSC) despite inter‐laboratory variation in reported LSC percentages. This study proves that the LSC assay is highly reproducible. These results together with the high prognostic impact of LSC load at diagnosis in AML patients render the one‐tube LSC assessment a good marker for future risk classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander N Snel
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angèle Kelder
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J Scholten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Naeem Khan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marlen Metzner
- Medical Research Council Molecular Hematology Unit, Oxford Centre for Hematology, Oxford BRC, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Irno-Consalvo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mayumi Sugita
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anja de Jong
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Oude Alink
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Eidhof
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medisch Spectrum Twente/Medlon, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Wilhelm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jennichjen Slomp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medisch Spectrum Twente/Medlon, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent H J van der Velden
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Monica Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gail J Roboz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Buccisano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paresh Vyas
- Medical Research Council Molecular Hematology Unit, Oxford Centre for Hematology, Oxford BRC, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Freeman
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Costa Bachas
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Schuurhuis
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Depreter B, Weening KE, Vandepoele K, Essand M, De Moerloose B, Themeli M, Cloos J, Hanekamp D, Moors I, D'hont I, Denys B, Uyttebroeck A, Van Damme A, Dedeken L, Snauwaert S, Goetgeluk G, De Munter S, Kerre T, Vandekerckhove B, Lammens T, Philippé J. TARP is an immunotherapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia expressed in the leukemic stem cell compartment. Haematologica 2019; 105:1306-1316. [PMID: 31371409 PMCID: PMC7193481 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.222612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting the rare leukemic stem cell compartment might provide salvage to the high relapse rates currently observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We applied gene expression profiling for comparison of leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells with their normal counterparts. Here, we show that the T-cell receptor γ chain alternate reading frame protein (TARP) is over-expressed in de novo pediatric (n=13) and adult (n=17) AML sorted leukemic stem cells and blasts compared to hematopoietic stem cells and normal myeloblasts (15 healthy controls). Moreover, TARP expression was significantly associated with a fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 internal tandem duplication in pediatric AML. TARP overexpression was confirmed in AML cell lines (n=9), and was found to be absent in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (n=5) and chronic myeloid leukemia (n=1). Sequencing revealed that both a classical TARP transcript, as described in breast and prostate adenocarcinoma, and an AML-specific alternative TARP transcript, were present. Protein expression levels mostly matched transcript levels. TARP was shown to reside in the cytoplasmic compartment and showed sporadic endoplasmic reticulum co-localization. TARP-T-cell receptor engineered cytotoxic T-cells in vitro killed AML cell lines and patient leukemic cells co-expressing TARP and HLA-A*0201. In conclusion, TARP qualifies as a relevant target for immunotherapeutic T-cell therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Depreter
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin E Weening
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vandepoele
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magnus Essand
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ine Moors
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge D'hont
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Barbara Denys
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Louvain, Belgium
| | - An Van Damme
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dedeken
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Snauwaert
- Department of Hematology, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Munter
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Zeijlemaker W, Grob T, Meijer R, Hanekamp D, Kelder A, Carbaat-Ham JC, Oussoren-Brockhoff YJM, Snel AN, Veldhuizen D, Scholten WJ, Maertens J, Breems DA, Pabst T, Manz MG, van der Velden VHJ, Slomp J, Preijers F, Cloos J, van de Loosdrecht AA, Löwenberg B, Valk PJM, Jongen-Lavrencic M, Ossenkoppele GJ, Schuurhuis GJ. CD34 +CD38 - leukemic stem cell frequency to predict outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2018; 33:1102-1112. [PMID: 30542144 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current risk algorithms are primarily based on pre-treatment factors and imperfectly predict outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We introduce and validate a post-treatment approach of leukemic stem cell (LSC) assessment for prediction of outcome. LSC containing CD34+CD38- fractions were measured using flow cytometry in an add-on study of the HOVON102/SAKK trial. Predefined cut-off levels were prospectively evaluated to assess CD34+CD38-LSC levels at diagnosis (n = 594), and, to identify LSClow/LSChigh (n = 302) and MRDlow/MRDhigh patients (n = 305) in bone marrow in morphological complete remission (CR). In 242 CR patients combined MRD and LSC results were available. At diagnosis the CD34+CD38- LSC frequency independently predicts overall survival (OS). After achieving CR, combining LSC and MRD showed reduced survival in MRDhigh/LSChigh patients (hazard ratio [HR] 3.62 for OS and 5.89 for cumulative incidence of relapse [CIR]) compared to MRDlow/LSChigh, MRDhigh/LSClow, and especially MRDlow/LSClow patients. Moreover, in the NPM1mutant positive sub-group, prognostic value of golden standard NPM1-MRD by qPCR can be improved by addition of flow cytometric approaches. This is the first prospective study demonstrating that LSC strongly improves prognostic impact of MRD detection, identifying a patient subgroup with an almost 100% treatment failure probability, warranting consideration of LSC measurement incorporation in future AML risk schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendelien Zeijlemaker
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Grob
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa Meijer
- Clinical trial Center- HOVON data center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angèle Kelder
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jannemieke C Carbaat-Ham
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander N Snel
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Veldhuizen
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J Scholten
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Maertens
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitri A Breems
- Department of Hematology, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Hematology, University and University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jennichjen Slomp
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medisch Spectrum Twente/Medlon, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Preijers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Laboratory for Hematology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, RUNMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan A van de Loosdrecht
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Löwenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Schuurhuis
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jongen-Lavrencic M, Grob T, Hanekamp D, Kavelaars FG, Al Hinai A, Zeilemaker A, Erpelinck-Verschueren CAJ, Gradowska PL, Meijer R, Cloos J, Biemond BJ, Graux C, van Marwijk Kooy M, Manz MG, Pabst T, Passweg JR, Havelange V, Ossenkoppele GJ, Sanders MA, Schuurhuis GJ, Löwenberg B, Valk PJM. Molecular Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1189-1199. [PMID: 29601269 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1716863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often reach complete remission, but relapse rates remain high. Next-generation sequencing enables the detection of molecular minimal residual disease in virtually every patient, but its clinical value for the prediction of relapse has yet to be established. METHODS We conducted a study involving patients 18 to 65 years of age who had newly diagnosed AML. Targeted next-generation sequencing was carried out at diagnosis and after induction therapy (during complete remission). End points were 4-year rates of relapse, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS At least one mutation was detected in 430 out of 482 patients (89.2%). Mutations persisted in 51.4% of those patients during complete remission and were present at various allele frequencies (range, 0.02 to 47%). The detection of persistent DTA mutations (i.e., mutations in DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1), which are often present in persons with age-related clonal hematopoiesis, was not correlated with an increased relapse rate. After the exclusion of persistent DTA mutations, the detection of molecular minimal residual disease was associated with a significantly higher relapse rate than no detection (55.4% vs. 31.9%; hazard ratio, 2.14; P<0.001), as well as with lower rates of relapse-free survival (36.6% vs. 58.1%; hazard ratio for relapse or death, 1.92; P<0.001) and overall survival (41.9% vs. 66.1%; hazard ratio for death, 2.06; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the persistence of non-DTA mutations during complete remission conferred significant independent prognostic value with respect to the rates of relapse (hazard ratio, 1.89; P<0.001), relapse-free survival (hazard ratio for relapse or death, 1.64; P=0.001), and overall survival (hazard ratio for death, 1.64; P=0.003). A comparison of sequencing with flow cytometry for the detection of residual disease showed that sequencing had significant additive prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with AML, the detection of molecular minimal residual disease during complete remission had significant independent prognostic value with respect to relapse and survival rates, but the detection of persistent mutations that are associated with clonal hematopoiesis did not have such prognostic value within a 4-year time frame. (Funded by the Queen Wilhelmina Fund Foundation of the Dutch Cancer Society and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Tim Grob
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - François G Kavelaars
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Adil Al Hinai
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Annelieke Zeilemaker
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Claudia A J Erpelinck-Verschueren
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Patrycja L Gradowska
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Rosa Meijer
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Bart J Biemond
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Carlos Graux
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Marinus van Marwijk Kooy
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pabst
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Jakob R Passweg
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Violaine Havelange
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Gerrit J Schuurhuis
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Bob Löwenberg
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
| | - Peter J M Valk
- From the Department of Hematology (M.J.-L., T.G., F.G.K., A.H., A.Z., C.A.J.E.-V., M.A.S., B.L., P.J.M.V.) and HOVON Data Center, Department of Hematology (P.L.G., R.M.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center (D.H., J.C., G.J.O., G.J.S.), and the Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center (B.J.B.), Amsterdam, and Isala Hospital, Zwolle (M.M.K.) - all in the Netherlands; UCL Namur (Godinne), Yvoir (C.G.), and the Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels (V.H.) - both in Belgium; and the Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.G.M.), University Hospital, Bern (T.P.), and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel (J.R.P.) - all in Switzerland
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Cloos J, Harris JR, Janssen JJWM, Kelder A, Huang F, Sijm G, Vonk M, Snel AN, Scheick JR, Scholten WJ, Carbaat-Ham J, Veldhuizen D, Hanekamp D, Oussoren-Brockhoff YJM, Kaspers GJL, Schuurhuis GJ, Sasser AK, Ossenkoppele G. Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553571 PMCID: PMC5931431 DOI: 10.3791/56386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Response criteria in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has recently been re-established, with morphologic examination utilized to determine whether patients have achieved complete remission (CR). Approximately half of the adult patients who entered CR will relapse within 12 months due to the outgrowth of residual AML cells in the bone marrow. The quantitation of these remaining leukemia cells, known as minimal or measurable residual disease (MRD), can be a robust biomarker for the prediction of these relapses. Moreover, retrospective analysis of several studies has shown that the presence of MRD in the bone marrow of AML patients correlates with poor survival. Not only is the total leukemic population, reflected by cells harboring a leukemia associated immune-phenotype (LAIP), associated with clinical outcome, but so is the immature low frequency subpopulation of leukemia stem cells (LSC), both of which can be monitored through flow cytometry MRD or MRD-like approaches. The availability of sensitive assays that enable detection of residual leukemia (stem) cells on the basis of disease-specific or disease-associated features (abnormal molecular markers or aberrant immunophenotypes) have drastically improved MRD assessment in AML. However, given the inherent heterogeneity and complexity of AML as a disease, methods for sampling bone marrow and performing MRD and LSC analysis should be harmonized when possible. In this manuscript we describe a detailed methodology for adequate bone marrow aspirate sampling, transport, sample processing for optimal multi-color flow cytometry assessment, and gating strategies to assess MRD and LSC to aid in therapeutic decision making for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center; Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center;
| | | | | | - Angele Kelder
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center
| | - F Huang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC
| | - Gerrit Sijm
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center
| | - Maike Vonk
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology
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Hanekamp D, Denys B, Kaspers GJL, Te Marvelde JG, Schuurhuis GJ, De Haas V, De Moerloose B, de Bont ES, Zwaan CM, de Jong A, Depreter B, Lammens T, Philippé J, Cloos J, van der Velden VHJ. Leukaemic stem cell load at diagnosis predicts the development of relapse in young acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2017; 183:512-516. [PMID: 29076143 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Denys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G Te Marvelde
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Barbara De Moerloose
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline S de Bont
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja de Jong
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Depreter
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Lammens
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Philippé
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Hanekamp D, Cloos J, Schuurhuis GJ. Leukemic stem cells: identification and clinical application. Int J Hematol 2017; 105:549-557. [PMID: 28357569 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represent a low-frequency subpopulation of leukemia cells that possess stem cell properties distinct from the bulk leukemia cells, including self-renewal capacity and drug resistance. Due to these properties, LSCs are supposed to facilitate the development of relapse. The existence of LSCs is demonstrated by the ability to engraft and initiate human AML in immune-compromised mouse models. Although several lines of evidence suggest the complex heterogeneity of phenotypes displayed by LSC, many studies consider the CD34+/CD38- compartment as the most relevant. To increase the understanding of the true LSC, techniques such as multicolor flow cytometry, side-population assay and ALDH assay are utilized in many laboratories and could aid in this. A better understanding of different LSC phenotypes is necessary to enhance risk group classification, guide clinical decision-making and to identify new therapeutic targets. These efforts to eliminate LSC should ultimately improve the dismal AML outcome by preventing relapse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit Jan Schuurhuis
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Goverse G, Molenaar R, Macia L, Tan J, Erkelens MN, Konijn T, Knippenberg M, Cook ECL, Hanekamp D, Veldhoen M, Hartog A, Roeselers G, Mackay CR, Mebius RE. Diet-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Intestinal Epithelial Cells To Induce Mucosal Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. J I 2017; 198:2172-2181. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Lin F, de Gooijer MC, Hanekamp D, Chandrasekaran G, Buil LCM, Thota N, Sparidans RW, Beijnen JH, Würdinger T, van Tellingen O. PI3K-mTOR Pathway Inhibition Exhibits Efficacy Against High-grade Glioma in Clinically Relevant Mouse Models. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1286-1298. [PMID: 27553832 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway is frequently activated in glioblastoma and offers several druggable targets. However, clinical efficacy of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in glioblastoma has not yet been demonstrated. Insufficient drug delivery may limit the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors against glioblastoma. The presence of the efflux transporters ABCB1/Abcb1 (P-glycoprotein, MDR1) and ABCG2/Abcg2 (BCRP) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the brain penetration of many drugs.Experimental Design: We used in vitro drug transport assays and performed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in wild-type and ABC-transporter knockout mice. The efficacy of PI3K-mTOR inhibition was established using orthotopic allograft and genetically engineered spontaneous glioblastoma mouse models.Results: The mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and AZD8055 are substrates of ABCB1, whereas the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 and the PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 are not. Moreover, ABCG2 transports NVP-BEZ235 and AZD8055, but not ZSTK474 or rapamycin. Concordantly, Abcb1a/b-/-;Abcg2-/- mice revealed increased brain penetration of rapamycin (13-fold), AZD8055 (7.7-fold), and NVP-BEZ235 (4.5-fold), but not ZSTK474 relative to WT mice. Importantly, ABC transporters limited rapamycin brain penetration to subtherapeutic levels, while the reduction in NVP-BEZ235 brain penetration did not prevent target inhibition. NVP-BEZ235 and ZSTK474 demonstrated antitumor efficacy with improved survival against U87 orthotopic gliomas, although the effect of ZSTK474 was more pronounced. Finally, ZSTK474 prolonged overall survival in Cre-LoxP conditional transgenic Pten;p16Ink4a/p19Arf;K-Rasv12;LucR mice, mainly by delaying tumor onset.Conclusions: PI3K/mTOR inhibitors with weak affinities for ABC transporters can achieve target inhibition in brain (tumors), but have modest single-agent efficacy and combinations with (BBB penetrable) inhibitors of other activated pathways may be required. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1286-98. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C de Gooijer
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gayathri Chandrasekaran
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Levi C M Buil
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nishita Thota
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Würdinger
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Department of Bio-Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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13
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Kersten B, Valkering M, Wouters R, van Amerongen R, Hanekamp D, Kwidama Z, Valk P, Ossenkoppele G, Zeijlemaker W, Kaspers G, Cloos J, Schuurhuis GJ. CD45RA, a specific marker for leukaemia stem cell sub-populations in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:219-35. [PMID: 26814163 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSC) are thought to be responsible for relapses after therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Flow cytometry can discriminate CD34(+) CD38(-) LSC and normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by using aberrant expression of markers and scatter properties. However, not all LSC can be identified using currently available markers, so new markers are needed. CD45RA is expressed on leukaemic cells in the majority of AML patients. We investigated the potency of CD45RA to specifically identify LSC and HSC and improve LSC quantification. Compared to our best other markers (CLL-1, also termed CLEC12A, CD33 and CD123), CD45RA was the most reliable marker. Patients with high percentages (>90%) of CD45RA on CD34(+) CD38(-) LSC have 1·69-fold higher scatter values compared to HSC (P < 0·001), indicating a more mature CD34(+) CD38(-) phenotype. Patients with low (<10%) or intermediate (10-90%) CD45RA expression on LSC showed no significant differences to HSC (1·12- and 1·15-fold higher, P = 0·31 and P = 0·44, respectively). CD45RA-positive LSC tended to represent more favourable cytogenetic/molecular markers. In conclusion, CD45RA contributes to more accurate LSC detection and is recommended for inclusion in stem cell tracking panels. CD45RA may contribute to define new LSC-specific therapies and to monitor effects of anti-LSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Kersten
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Valkering
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Wouters
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa van Amerongen
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zinia Kwidama
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Valk
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Ossenkoppele
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gertjan Kaspers
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Schuurhuis
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Lin F, de Gooijer MC, Hanekamp D, Brandsma D, Beijnen JH, van Tellingen O. Targeting core (mutated) pathways of high-grade gliomas: challenges of intrinsic resistance and drug efflux. CNS Oncol 2015; 2:271-88. [PMID: 25054467 DOI: 10.2217/cns.13.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and are among the most lethal types of human cancer. Most patients with a high-grade glioma have glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant glioma subtype that is associated with a very aggressive disease course and short overall survival. Standard treatment of newly diagnosed GBM involves surgery followed by chemoradiation with temozolomide. However, despite this extensive treatment the mean overall survival is still only 14.6 months and more effective treatments are urgently needed. Although different types of GBMs are indistinguishable by histopathology, novel molecular pathological techniques allow discrimination between the four main GBM subtypes. Targeting the aberrations in the molecular pathways underlying these subtypes is a promising strategy to improve therapy. In this article, we will discuss the potential avenues and pitfalls of molecularly targeted therapies for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry/Preclinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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