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Hurtado ADP, Hernández DM, Fuentes KL, Chaparro TR. Assessment of energy efficiency and performance in a two-phase anaerobic process for organic matter removal. Water Sci Technol 2021; 84:667-682. [PMID: 34388126 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy efficiency (EE) depends mainly on the lower heating values (LHVs) of hydrogen and methane selected from the thermodynamics tables under ideal conditions. However, for practical applications, the heating value should be calculated by considering some environmental factors under real conditions. Accordingly, this study compared EE using the ideal LHV with the EE using the real LHV in a two-phase anaerobic digestion reactor treating synthetic wastewater. Additionally, the process performance and the stability were studied. The results showed that the EE value calculated using LHVideal was, on average, 35% higher than that evaluated using LHVreal; these differences are relevant to the estimation of real energy and also for practical applications. At the same time, the index buffer intermediate alkalinity/partial alkalinity was shown to be more accurate than the pH value to analyze the stability of the process. With regards to chemical oxygen demand, the removal efficiency in the methanogenic phase decreased drastically when utilizing 100% of the acidogenic phase. Future considerations for the optimization of each phase are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D P Hurtado
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Engineering Faculty, Water and Energy Research Group, Carrera 11 No 101-80, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana M Hernández
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Engineering Faculty, Water and Energy Research Group, Carrera 11 No 101-80, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karol L Fuentes
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Engineering Faculty, Water and Energy Research Group, Carrera 11 No 101-80, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tatiana R Chaparro
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Engineering Faculty, Water and Energy Research Group, Carrera 11 No 101-80, Bogotá, Colombia
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Hernández DM, Valderrama S, Gualtero S, Hernández C, López M, Herrera MV, Solano J, Fiorentino S, Quijano S. Loss of T-Cell Multifunctionality and TCR-Vβ Repertoire Against Epstein-Barr Virus Is Associated With Worse Prognosis and Clinical Parameters in HIV + Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2291. [PMID: 30337929 PMCID: PMC6180205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus associated with the development of aggressive and poor-prognosis B-cell lymphomas in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+ patients). The most important risk factors for these malignancies include immune dysfunction, chronic immune activation, and loss of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. The combination of all these factors can favor the reactivation of EBV, malignant cell transformation, and clinical progression toward B-cell lymphomas. The overarching aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, phenotype, functionality, and distribution of TCR clonotypes for EBV-specific T-cell subpopulations in HIV+ patients at different clinical stages and for HIV+ patients with B-cell lymphoma, as well as to establish their association with clinical variables of prognostic value. Factors were studied in 56 HIV+ patients at different clinical stages and in six HIV+ subjects with diagnosed B-cell lymphoma. We found a significant decrease in all subpopulations of EBV-specific CD4+ T cells from HIV+ patients at stage 3 and with B-cell lymphoma. EBV-specific effector CD8+ T cells, particularly effector memory cells, were also reduced in HIV+ patients with B-cell lymphoma. Interestingly, these cells were unable to produce IFN-γ and lacked multifunctionality in HIV+ patients. The TCR-Vβ repertoire, which is key for protection against EBV in healthy individuals, was less diverse in HIV+ patients due to a lower frequency of TCR-Vβ2+, Vβ4+, Vβ7.1+, Vβ9+, Vβ13.6+, Vβ14+, Vβ17+, Vβ22+ CD4+, Vβ14+, and Vβ17+ CD8+ T cells. HIV+ patients with positive plasma EBV loads (EBV+HIV+) had a noteworthy decrease in the levels of both TNF-α+ and multifunctional TNF-α+/IL-2+ and TNF-α+/IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that HIV+ patients have significant alterations in the immune response to EBV (poor-quality immunity) that can favor viral reactivation, escalating the risk for developing EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Hernández
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Valderrama
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Gualtero
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catalina Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcos López
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica Traslacional, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | - Julio Solano
- Servicio de Hematología Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Quijano
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Campuzano S, Jiménez L, Hernández DM. La formación de biopelículas y la calidad del agua en la consulta odontológica. nova 2018. [DOI: 10.22490/24629448.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Recuperar y analizar la presencia de bacterias formadoras de biopelículas en las mangueras de la jeringa triple y de la pieza de mano que distribuyen el agua a las unidades dentales de la Fundación Universitaria San Martin. Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo probabilístico. Se estudiaron las bacterias presentes en el agua recolectada en la jeringa triple y la pieza de mano, las cuales fueron seleccionadas al ser los instrumentos por los cuales transita el agua que entrará en contacto con el paciente. Se tomaron muestras antes y después de la consulta, de la jeringa triple con solo agua, con agua–aire y la pieza de mano. Se realizaron cultivos por filtración por membrana en medios Endo, Cetrimide y Sangre Azida. Resultados. Se encontraron 84 % de muestras positivas para cocos Gram positivos, mientras que el 8 % de las muestras presentaban aislamientos de bacilos Gram negativos, representado en E coli y P aeruginosa. La flora Gram positiva estuvo representada por Staphylococcus hominis y Staphylococcus epidermidis.
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Martínez I, Mantilla A, Medrano ME, Hernández R, Hernández DM, Lazos M, Santiago H, González B, Hidalgo A, Salcedo M. High prevalence of RET tyrosine kinase activation in Mexican patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocr Pathol 2001; 12:113-23. [PMID: 11579677 DOI: 10.1385/ep:12:2:113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RET/PTC oncogene expression is restricted to papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). At least three forms of this oncogene have been described. These are generated by the rearrangement of the 5'-terminal region of different expressed genes with the tyrosine-kinase (TK) domain of the ret proto-oncogene. Several studies showing the correlation between the expression of this oncogene, clinical outcome, and histological subtypes have been published. Thirty-five paraffin-embedded PTC samples from patients without a history of radiation exposure were studied. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were used to determine a possible correlation between RET activation, clinical outcome, and tumor subtype. Almost half of the studied cases presented with tumoral extension or metastases. Ret gene transcripts and protein were found in all PTC variants as well as in their corresponding metastases. In contrast, none of the follicular adenomas, goiters, or normal follicular cells from the thyroid gland showed evidence of ret activation. We observed a high frequency of ret expression in PTCs, suggesting that ret activation is a common event in nonradiation-related PTC from Mexican patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martínez
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center IMSS-SXXI, Ay. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, México, D.F. 07780
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Abstract
We evaluated the analytical performance of the Immulite 2000 immunoassay analyzer (Diagnostic Products Corporation, Los Angeles, USA) based on a new detection technology, electrochemical luminescence. The evaluated analytes were thyrotropin, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, follitropin, lutropin, prolactin, cortisol, estradiol and progesterone. We tested the assay precision, linearity, recovery, and correlation with comparison methods for these analytes. For most assays, within-run and between-day imprecisions were less than 8% and 10%, respectively. The linearity and recovery were acceptable for all assays. The correlation between the Immulite 2000 assays and comparison methods showed satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Tello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Partida Huertos y Molinos, Alicante, Spain
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Vega Franco L, Hernández DM, Romo G. [Vitamin B 12 levels in children with intestinal resection at the level of the ileum]. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1981; 38:35-40. [PMID: 7284071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum concentration of vitamin B12 is reported in children who had previously lost partially or totally the ileum. Only one of them showed a definite pondostatural retardation when evaluation of growth and development was done. No evidence of anemia was found in any one of them and the estimation of vitamin B12 was abnormally low in only one case. Findings are discussed and the necessity to carry out a periodic control of vitamin B12 in children with ileal resection is stressed.
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