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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez M, Rueda P, Pérez MD, Lacasta D, Marteles D, Ruíz H, Gonzalez A, Verde MT, Pardo J, Arias M, Peña-Fresneda N, Fernández A, Trotta M. Serological exposure to influenza A in cats from an area with wild birds positive for avian influenza. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:324-330. [PMID: 37872888 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A is an emerging zoonotic virus with worldwide distribution. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to assess influenza A exposure in stray cats in regions with positive cases of wild birds. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-influenza A antibodies in feral cats from a region in Spain with cases of positive wild birds. A cross-sectional study of stray cats (n = 183) was conducted between March 2022 and March 2023. The presence of antibodies against the influenza A virus was tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit adapted for this study and confirmed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies against the haemagglutinin H5. During sample collection, none of the cats exhibited clinical signs of illness. Four of the 183 animals tested showed anti-influenza A antibodies by ELISA, and the seroprevalence of influenza A was 2.19% (95% confidence interval 0.85%-5.48%). Due to the low number of positive cases detected, it appears that cats did not have an important epidemiological role in influenza A transmission during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariví Martínez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Rueda
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Gonzalez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Zaragoza University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Trotta
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Marteles D, Gómez Á, Villanueva-Saz S, Naranjo C, Aceña MC. Intermammary mass in a 13-year-old intact female Spanish Alano dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38579766 DOI: 10.2460/javma.24.01.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marteles
- 1Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Álex Gómez
- 1Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 3Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- 1Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- 3Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - María C Aceña
- 1Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez MV, Alsina S, Fernández A, Gómez Á, Verde M, Ruiz H, Lacasta D, Alnassan AA, Trotta M, Yzuel A, Marteles D. First report on natural infection by Dirofilaria repens in a cat in Spain: case report and literature review of feline subcutaneous dirofilariosis in Europe. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1195-1201. [PMID: 37919542 PMCID: PMC10998798 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Dirofilaria repens is an endemic mosquito-borne pathogen widely spread throughout Europe and other non-Europen regions. Infection by D. repens has been reported in dogs, although little is known about the occurrence and epidemiological features of this nematode in cats. During the surgical procedure within the framework of a trap, neuter and release sterilization program, two female filarial nematodes with spontaneous movement were removed from the internal part of the spermatic cord from asymptomatic stray cat in Spain (Grao de Castellón, Castellon de la Plana, province of Spain). Moreover, the presence of microfilariae was detected by using three different methods, including direct blood smear technique, the microhematocrit tube test, and Knott´s modified test. PCR performed from the nematodes extracted from the spermatic cord and from microfilariae in EDTA-blood sample tested both positive for D. repens. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the presence of D. repens in cats in Spain. In this sense, a review of the current scientific status of feline subcutaneous dirofilariosis in Europe was also performed. Future investigations should analyze the epidemiological role of cats in D. repens infection including the prevalence of infection. Veterinarians working in endemic areas should be aware of this infection in cats and their susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain.
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Victoria Martínez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Clínico Veterinario Teruel, Teruel, Spain
| | - Sandra Alsina
- Clinica Veterinaria Bitxets, Grao de Castellón, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Álex Gómez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruiz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alaa Aldin Alnassan
- Department of Parasitology, Veterinary medicine laboratory IDEXX, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Michele Trotta
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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Villanueva-Saz S, Lebrero ME, Solsona A, Ramos JJ, de Arcaute MR, Ruíz H, Pérez MD, Bello JM, Verde M, Ortín A, Marteles D, Fernández A, Gómez A, Trotta M, Lacasta D. Presence of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in sheep (Ovis aries) in Spain. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:615-621. [PMID: 37819486 PMCID: PMC10811003 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Sandflies are the primary transmission vector for Leishmania spp parasite in endemic regions. The role of other animals, different from the dog, is under discussion in the leishmaniosis endemic countries. A limited number of reports have been published on the possible role of livestock in European countries for Leishmania maintenance and diffusion. The aim of the present study was to perform a serosurvey on sheep in areas of Spain that are endemic for zoonotic leishmaniosis and establish the possible role of sheep regarding Leishmania infantum infection in endemic areas. Three hundred and two serum samples were obtained from sheep and were evaluated for serological survey to detect L. infantum by using the in-house ELISA technique. Twenty-eight out of the 302 samples included in this study, were positive for L. infantum antibodies (9.27%). In the present study, a significant association was found between adult age and seropositivity (p = 0.006) and female gender and seropositivity (p = 0.02). This association has not been previously described in other European studies related to L. infantum infection in sheep. Our study reveals that domestic sheep in a European Mediterranean country are exposed to L. infantum. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates the presence of seropositive sheep in different regions of Spain for the first time. Further epidemiological studies focus on evaluating the rural cycle of this parasite to know if livestock could act as a potential reservoir are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain.
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Eugenia Lebrero
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Solsona
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Ruíz de Arcaute
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María D Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Maite Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Ortín
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alex Gómez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Trotta
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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Giner J, Lebrero ME, López-Sahuquillo D, Yzuel A, Marteles D, Fernández A, Gómez A, Villanueva-Saz S. Hyperbetaglobulinemia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) associated to Leishmania infantum. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105096. [PMID: 38016219 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets is a vector-borne disease caused in Europe by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum. There is limited information on clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities in ferrets due to leishmaniosis. This clinical case report described a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with severe hyperbetaglobulinemia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal renal parameters. A good clinical response following an anti-Leishmania infantum treatment protocol was achieved. However, the presence of pain at the site of injection was the main side effect due to meglumine antimoniate administration. Xanthine crystalluria was not observed in urine sediment with no other urine alterations detected by urine analysis during the follow-up. Initially, clinical signs noted in this ferret could not initially be attributed to leishmaniosis. However, no causes were found that could have caused the hyperglobulinemia in this patient. A reduction of the levels of anti-L. infantum serum antibodies and the concentrations of beta-globulin fraction was detected in this patient after anti-Leishmania treatment administered as well as the disappearance of thrombocytopenia. To extent of the knowledge of leishmaniosis in ferrets, this is the fourth case report of leishmaniosis documented in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Giner
- Menescalia Veterinary Clinic, Ismael Merlo Actor, 5, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Lebrero
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alex Gómez
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Musoles-Cuenca B, Aguiló-Gisbert J, Lorenzo-Bermejo T, Canales R, Ballester B, Romani-Cremaschi U, Martínez-Valverde R, Maiques E, Marteles D, Rueda P, Rubio V, Villanueva-Saz S, Rubio-Guerri C. Molecular and Serological Studies on Potential SARS-CoV-2 Infection among 43 Lemurs under Human Care-Evidence for Past Infection in at Least One Individual. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:140. [PMID: 38200871 PMCID: PMC10778278 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the setting of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to animals has been reported in both domestic and wild animals and is a matter of concern. Given the genetic and functional similarities to humans, non-human primates merit particular attention. In the case of lemurs, generally considered endangered, they are believed to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have conducted a study for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the 43 lemurs of Mundomar, a zoological park in Benidorm, Spain. They belong to two endangered lemur species, 23 black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) and 20 ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Health assessments conducted in 2022 and 2023 included molecular analyses for SARS-CoV-2 RNA of oral and rectal swabs using two different RT-qPCR assays, always with negative results for SARS-CoV-2 in all animals. The assessment also included serological testing for antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2, which again yielded negative results in all animals except one black-and-white ruffed lemur, supporting prior infection of that animal with SARS-CoV-2. Our data, while not indicating a high susceptibility of lemurs to SARS-CoV-2 infection, show that they can be infected, adding to the existing information body on potential ways for SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading in zoos, highlighting the need for animal surveillance for the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Musoles-Cuenca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (T.L.-B.); (B.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Jordi Aguiló-Gisbert
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46113 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Teresa Lorenzo-Bermejo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (T.L.-B.); (B.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Rocío Canales
- Veterinary Department, Mundomar Benidorm, 03503 Alicante, Spain; (R.C.); (U.R.-C.)
| | - Beatriz Ballester
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (T.L.-B.); (B.B.); (E.M.)
| | | | | | - Elisa Maiques
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (B.M.-C.); (T.L.-B.); (B.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Diana Marteles
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Pablo Rueda
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Department of Genomics and Proteomics, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Group 739, IBV-CSIC, Centre for Biomedical Network Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERER-ISCIII), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Consuelo Rubio-Guerri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46113 Valencia, Spain
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Verde MT, Villanueva-Saz S, Navarro L, Loste A, Marteles D, Fernández A, Pereboom D. Non-controlled, open-label trial to assess clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dogs feeding monoprotein grain free diet versus a standard grain diet. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-7. [PMID: 37530035 PMCID: PMC10424612 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2243309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that is treated with medicines or allergen-specific immunotherapy. An improvement diet can help treatment of cAD. The purpose of this study was compare two diets on clinical and immunological parameters in atopic dogs without food hypersensitivity. Diet A, a commercial based on rice, was offered to 22 atopic dogs during 30 days and Diet B (grain free, rich in salmon) was given to 8 atopic dogs. Clinical scores were assessed by CADESI-4 and PVAS at the beginning (T0) and at the end of the study (T30). CD4+ and CD8+ were measured in PBMCs, and serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-31 and IL-34) were determined. Both diets decreased CADESI-4 score and Diet A decreased PVAS score (p < 0.05). There were no statistical significant differences between diets at T30 for CD4+ and CD8+. A decrease in the IL-31 concentrations and increase in IL-10 levels (p < 0.05) was observed with Diet A at T30. There were no differences between any of the two diets when the other results at T0 and T30 were compared for any of the parameters analysed. In conclusion, the results indicate that dietary intervention had not influence on cellular component of the immune system, but a positive effect was observed on IL-31, IL-10 serum levels for Diet A. Further studies are needed to enrich dietary components of the food for atopic dogs without food hypersensibility to help improvement the management of the cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Verde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Zaragoza University-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Navarro
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Araceli Loste
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Veterinary Hospital, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Zaragoza University-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Desirée Pereboom
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
- General Research Support Service, SAI Citómica, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
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8
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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez M, Nijhof AM, Gerst B, Gentil M, Müller E, Fernández A, González A, Yusuf MSM, Greco G, Verde M, Sgroi G, Lacasta D, Marteles D, Trotta M, Schäfer I. Molecular survey on vector-borne pathogens in clinically healthy stray cats in Zaragoza (Spain). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:428. [PMID: 37986028 PMCID: PMC10662132 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, feline vector-borne infections are gaining importance because of the changing climate, expanding habitats of potential vectors and expanding pathogen reservoirs. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in stray cats in Zaragoza, Spain, and to investigate potential risk factors for infection, including feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). METHODS Blood samples from stray cats presented to the veterinary faculty in Zaragoza between February 2020 and 2022 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Bartonella henselae, Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia spp., haemotropic Mycoplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp., Leishmania infantum, piroplasms and microfilariae at the LABOKLIN laboratory. The cats were also tested for FeLV and FIV by PCR. RESULTS Nearly half of the cats (158/332, 47.6%) were positive for at least one VBP. Hepatozoon spp. were detected in 25.6%, haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in 22.9%, B. henselae in 9.3% and L. infantum in 2.1% of the cats. Male sex had a statistically significant association with test results for haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (odds ratio 1.38 [1.21;1.57]); regionality with Hepatozoon spp., B. henseale and FIV; and seasonality with Hepatozoon spp., haemotropic Mycoplasma spp., L. infantum and FeLV (P ≤ 0.05 each). A strong positive correlation was reported for the amount of rainfall and the number of cats that tested positive for Hepatozoon spp. (ρ = 753, P = 0.05). None of the cats tested positive for A. phagocytophilum, A. platys, E. canis, Rickettsia spp., piroplasms, or microfilariae. Co-infections with multiple VBPs were detected in 56 out of 332 cats (16.9%). Thirty-one of the 332 cats included in the study (9.3%) tested positive for FeLV (6.9%) and for FIV (3.6%). In 20/31 cats (64.5%) that tested positive for FeLV/FIV, coinfections with VBP were detected (P = 0.048, OR 2.15 [0.99; 4.64]). CONCLUSIONS VBPs were frequently detected in stray cats in Zaragoza. In particular, regionality and seasonality had a statistically significant association with PCR results for most VBPs included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Immunology Laboratory, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Animal Pathology Department, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‑IA2 (Universidad de Saragossa‑CITA), Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Marivi Martínez
- Immunology Laboratory, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Animal Pathology Department, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ard M Nijhof
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Straße 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Gerst
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-Von-Ostertag-Straße 7, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Gentil
- LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Müller
- LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688, Bad Kissingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Immunology Laboratory, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Animal Pathology Department, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González
- Hospital Veterinario Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohamed Sh Mohamud Yusuf
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano, Metropolitan City of Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano, Metropolitan City of Bari, Italy
| | - Maite Verde
- Immunology Laboratory, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Animal Pathology Department, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‑IA2 (Universidad de Saragossa‑CITA), Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Animal Health, Experimental Zooprophylatic Institute of Southern Italy, Portici, 80055, Naples, Italy
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Immunology Laboratory, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Animal Pathology Department, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‑IA2 (Universidad de Saragossa‑CITA), Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Immunology Laboratory, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Animal Pathology Department, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‑IA2 (Universidad de Saragossa‑CITA), Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Trotta
- Immunology Laboratory, Zaragoza Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- LABOKLIN GmbH and Co. KG, Steubenstraße 4, 97688, Bad Kissingen, Germany.
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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez M, Giner J, Pérez MD, Tobajas AP, Yzuel A, Verde MT, Lacasta D, Fernández A, Marteles D, Ruíz H. Evaluation of an immunochromatographic serologic test to detect the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36849629 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Different T. gondii confirmatory techniques, including serologic methods, are available to detect the presence of the parasite. Among serology techniques, immunochromatographic rapid testing could be a reliable alternative to serologic laboratory techniques. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated a commercial immunochromatographic test (FASTest TOXOPLASMA g) in seronegative and seropositive cats. METHODS Two indirect immunofluorescence antibody reference tests, an in-house technique, and a commercial test were used to classify 292 feline serum samples. The rapid test was evaluated in different groups of cats, including healthy seronegative cats (n = 121), seropositive cats with variable anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (n = 146), and cats with positive serologic results for other pathogens (n = 25). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, receiver operating characteristic curves, and kappa statistics were analyzed as performance measures. RESULTS Of the 292 samples, 146 were classified as T. gondii seropositive and 146 as T. gondii seronegative. Concordant results were obtained for all samples using immunofluorescence antibody tests. The diagnostic measures of this rapid test showed 98.63% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and 99.32% accuracy. The kappa statistics value was 0.986, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.993. CONCLUSIONS This rapid test showed diagnostic measurements similar to those of traditional quantitative serologic methods. In situations where laboratory techniques are not available, this test, under clinical conditions, could be a useful alternative to obtain accurate results rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariví Martínez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jacobo Giner
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Pilar Tobajas
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (University of Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Villanueva-Saz S, Giner J, Verde M, Yzuel A, Lacasta D, Ruíz H, Basurco A, González A, Marteles D, Fernández A. First serological study of Dirofilaria immitis antibodies in household domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) in southern Spain - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:282-286. [PMID: 36227716 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dirofilaria immitis is an endemic mosquito-borne pathogen widely spread throughout Europe as well as North and South America. Infection by D. immitis has been reported in domestic ferrets, although little is known about the occurrence and the epidemiological features of this nematode in this species. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of D. immitis antibodies using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specifically developed for use in ferrets. One hundred and eighty-six serum samples were obtained from the Province of Valencia (Spain), an area endemic for dirofilariosis. Of the 186 serum samples included in the study, 27 (14.51%) were classified as D. immitis seropositive and 159 samples as D. immitis seronegative. The results provide valuable information on the seroprevalence of D. immitis infection in domestic ferrets in an area endemic for this vector-borne pathogen. The presence of seropositive ferrets should be taken into account and preventive measures should be implemented, including the possibility of serological screening for the early detection of Dirofilaria antibodies as a serological marker of exposure. This is the first study that demonstrates the presence of D. immitis exposure in ferrets in Spain. Veterinarians working in endemic areas should be aware of this infection in ferrets and their susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain.,3Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jacobo Giner
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain.,3Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,4Menescalia Veterinary Clinic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain.,3Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- 2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,3Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asier Basurco
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- 2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- 1Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,2Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain.,3Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez M, Giner J, González A, Tobajas AP, Pérez MD, Lira-Navarrete E, González-Ramírez AM, Macías-León J, Verde M, Yzuel A, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Arias M, Santiago L, Aguiló-Gisbert J, Ruíz H, Lacasta D, Marteles D, Fernández A. A cross-sectional serosurvey of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infections in stray cats from the second wave to the sixth wave of COVID-19 outbreaks in Spain. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:615-629. [PMID: 36229725 PMCID: PMC9560875 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in humans. Among domestic animals, cats are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than dogs. The detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in seemingly healthy cats and/or infected cats which are in close contact with infected humans has been described. The presence of animals that tested positive by serology or molecular techniques could represent a potential transmission pathway of SARS-CoV-2 that can spill over into urban wildlife. This study analyses the seroprevalence variation of SARS-CoV-2 in stray cats from different waves of outbreaks in a geographical area where previous seroepidemiological information of SARS-CoV-2 was available and investigate if SARS-CoV-2-seropositive cats were exposed to other co-infections causing an immunosuppressive status and/or a chronic disease that could lead to a SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. For this purpose, a total of 254 stray cats from Zaragoza (Spain) were included. This analysis was carried out by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the receptor binding domain of Spike antigen and confirmed by serum virus neutralization assay. The presence of co-infections including Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria immitis, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus type 1, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus, was evaluated using different serological methods. A seropositivity of 1.57% was observed for SARS-CoV-2 including the presence of neutralizing antibodies in three cats. None of the seropositive to SARS-CoV-2 cats were positive to feline coronavirus, however, four SARS-CoV-2-seropositive cats were also seropositive to other pathogens such as L. infantum, D. immitis and FIV (n = 1), L. infantum and D. immitis (n = 1) and L. infantum alone (n = 1).Considering other pathogens, a seroprevalence of 16.54% was detected for L. infantum, 30.31% for D. immitis, 13.78%, for T. gondii, 83.86% for feline calicivirus, 42.52% for feline herpesvirus type 1, 3.15% for FeLV and 7.87% for FIV. Our findings suggest that the epidemiological role of stray cats in SARS-CoV-2 transmission is scarce, and there is no increase in seropositivity during the different waves of COVID-19 outbreaks in this group of animals. Further epidemiological surveillances are necessary to determine the risk that other animals might possess even though stray cats do not seem to play a role in transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Mariví Martínez
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jacobo Giner
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Pilar Tobajas
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Manuel González-Ramírez
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Macías-León
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain.,Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain.,, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maykel Arias
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Aguiló-Gisbert
- Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Valencia, Spain
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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12
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Villanueva‐Saz S, Giner J, Tobajas AP, Pérez MD, González‐Ramírez AM, Macías‐León J, González A, Verde M, Yzuel A, Hurtado‐Guerrero R, Pardo J, Santiago L, Paño‐Pardo JR, Ruíz H, Lacasta DM, Sánchez L, Marteles D, Gracia AP, Fernández A. Serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infections in stray cats in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:1056-1064. [PMID: 33686768 PMCID: PMC8250530 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan in 2019 and spread rapidly to the rest of the world causing the pandemic disease named coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Little information is known about the impact this virus can cause upon domestic and stray animals. The potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 has become of great interest in cats due to transmission among domestic cats and the severe phenotypes described recently in a domestic cat. In this context, there is a public health warning that needs to be investigated in relation with the epidemiological role of this virus in stray cats. Consequently, in order to know the impact of the possible transmission chain, blood samples were obtained from 114 stray cats in the city of Zaragoza (Spain) and tested for SARS-CoV-2 and other selected pathogens susceptible to immunosuppression including Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) from January to October 2020. Four cats (3.51%), based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Spike antigen, were seroreactive to SARS-CoV-2. T. gondii, L. infantum, FeLV and FIV seroprevalence was 12.28%, 16.67%, 4.39% and 19.30%, respectively. Among seropositive cats to SARS-CoV-2, three cats were also seropositive to other pathogens including antibodies detected against T. gondii and FIV (n = 1); T. gondii (n = 1); and FIV and L. infantum (n = 1). The subjects giving positive for SARS-CoV-2 were captured in urban areas of the city in different months: January 2020 (2/4), February 2020 (1/4) and July 2020 (1/4). This study revealed, for the first time, the exposure of stray cats to SARS-CoV-2 in Spain and the existence of concomitant infections with other pathogens including T. gondii, L. infantum and FIV, suggesting that immunosuppressed animals might be especially susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva‐Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyVeterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jacobo Giner
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Ana Pilar Tobajas
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Andrés Manuel González‐Ramírez
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)Edificio I+DCampus Rio EbroUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Javier Macías‐León
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Ana González
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Maite Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Ramón Hurtado‐Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)Edificio I+DCampus Rio EbroUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID)ZaragozaSpain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA)Edificio I+D, Campus Rio EbroUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Copenhagen Center for GlycomicsCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineSchool of DentistryUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID)ZaragozaSpain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón)ZaragozaSpain
- Department of MicrobiologyPediatrics, Radiology and Public HealthZaragoza University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | | | - José Ramón Paño‐Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón)ZaragozaSpain
- Infectious Disease DepartmentUniversity Hospital Lozano BlesaZaragozaSpain
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Delia María Lacasta
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Ana Pilar Gracia
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón‐IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza‐CITA)ZaragozaSpain
- Deparment of Animal Pathology, Veterinary FacultyUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain
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Villanueva-Saz S, Martínez M, Ramirez JD, Herrera G, Marteles D, Servián M, Verde M, Giner J, Lacasta D, Ruíz H, Yzuel A, Fernández A. Evaluation of five different rapid immunochromatographic tests for canine leishmaniosis in Spain. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106371. [PMID: 35181302 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania parasites. Serological methods are the most common tests used for the diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate and compare different serological commercial immunochromatographic rapid tests available in Spain to detect anti-Leishmania canine antibodies. The immunochromatographic tests were evaluated in different groups of dogs (healthy seronegative dogs (n = 21), naturally-sick dogs with moderate anti-Leishmania antibodies (n = 39), naturally-sick dogs with high anti-Leishmania antibodies (n = 37), dogs with the serological result of other pathogens infection (n = 20) and exposed dogs (n = 33)) admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Zaragoza (Spain) according to the clinical information sent with the sample to the laboratory for diagnostic purposes. The serology status was also routinely recorded through an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-house indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). The qualitative commercial serological immunochromatographic tests used were: FASTest LEISH, Uranotest Leishmania, Uranotest Leishmania 2.0, Speed Leish K, Witness Leishmania, and DFV Test Leishmania. Performance measures analyzed for each test were: sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver-operating (ROC) curve. The maximum specificity (1.00) was attained for Uranotest Leishmania and DFT Test Leishmania, followed by FASTest LEISH (0.98), Uranotest Leishmania 2.0 (0.98), Speed Leish K (0.98), and Witness Leishmania (0.95). The maximum sensitivity was attained for FASTest LEISH (1.00), followed by Uranotest 2.0 (0.97), Speed Leish K (0.97), Uranotest (0.96), and the lowest results with Witness (0.84) and DFV Test (0.59). Regarding the ROC curve, the maximum value was attained with the FASTest LEISH (0.99), followed by Uranotest (0.98), Uranotest 2.0 (0.97), Speed Leish K (0.97), Witness (0.90), and the lowest result with DFV Test (0.79). Efforts in the field of diagnosis should focus on establishing a commercial immunochromatographic test with high sensitivity and specificity with a reasonable cost-benefit balance.
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Villanueva-Saz S, Giner J, Marteles D, Verde M, Yzuel A, Riera C, Fisa R, Alcover M, Fernández A. Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum in ferrets: Update review. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 15:100229. [PMID: 35028486 PMCID: PMC8739881 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum, a parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. Among vertebrates, the dog is the primary domestic reservoir of the parasite; however, other domestic animals can be implicated such as cats. The first description of a clinical case of leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets was reported recently. As a result, new knowledge has been published including empirically based treatment protocols, confirmatory techniques to detect the presence of the parasite infection and seasonal variation in the antibodies against Leishmania in apparently healthy domestic ferrets. The most common clinical signs observed are enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes and skin lesions such as papular and/or ulcerative dermatitis. Additionally, the most frequent laboratory alterations seen are hyperproteinaemia with hyperglobulinaemia and biochemical analytes alterations depending on the affected tissue. Two different therapeutic protocols have been described to treat domestic ferrets with leishmaniosis: meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol protocol or miltefosine plus allopurinol protocol. These treatment protocols seemed to be able to control the Leishmania infection, although the presence of xanthinuria could be detected. The susceptibility of domestic ferrets to Leishmania infantum, the clinical picture, treatment of infected animals and prevention are poorly understood, due to the scarcity of recent description in the literature. Different proposed diagnostic algorithms have been included for domestic ferrets with suspected leishmaniosis, clinically healthy domestic ferrets and animals as blood donors. In this sense, the present review provides updated data on scientific knowledge of leishmaniosis in ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Spain
| | - Jacobo Giner
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Menescalia Veterinary Clinic, Ismael Merlo Actor, 5, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Riera
- Departament de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Fisa
- Departament de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magdalena Alcover
- Departament de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Spain
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Villanueva-Saz S, Giner J, Fernández A, Alcover MM, Riera C, Fisa R, Yzuel A, González A, Marteles D, Verde M. Serum protein electrophoretogram profile detected in apparently healthy cats infected with Leishmania infantum - Short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2022. [PMID: 35258480 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The information about the clinical features of Leishmania infantum infection in cats is scarce. In this study, we evaluated the serum protein electrophoresis of samples from 19 infected but apparently healthy cats. To detect L. infantum infection, two serological tests, i.e. western blot (WB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on the blood samples were performed. Eventual infection by several selected bacterial and viral pathogens was also tested. All but one of the cats were found positive with WB. The WB-negative cat was positive by ELISA only. From the 18 WB-positive cats, only three were positive also by ELISA and eight with qPCR, including the only animal which was positive in all the three tests. No concomitant infections were detected in any of the cats. The main alteration of the proteinogram was characterised by an increase of the α-2 fraction. In the five cats with hypergammaglobulinaemia, the pattern detected was polyclonal. None of the cats were seropositive to any other pathogens tested. The presence of polyclonal gammopathy and elevation of the α-2 fraction could suggest the presence of active infection. In contrast, the only detection of an increase of the α-2 fraction alone with the presence of positive serological result could be associated by immune response activation against L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- 1 Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- 2 Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jacobo Giner
- 1 Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- 2 Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- 1 Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- 2 Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Magdalena Alcover
- 3 Department de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. de Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Riera
- 3 Department de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. de Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Fisa
- 3 Department de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. de Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- 2 Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González
- 1 Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- 2 Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- 2 Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- 1 Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- 2 Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
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Verde MT, Villanueva-Saz S, Loste A, Marteles D, Pereboom D, Conde T, Fernández A. Comparison of circulating CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes and cytokine profiles between dogs with atopic dermatitis and healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Villanueva-Saz S, Giner J, Fernández A, Lacasta D, Ortín A, Ramos JJ, Ferrer LM, Ruiz de Arcaute M, Tobajas AP, Pérez MD, Verde M, Marteles D, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Pardo J, Santiago L, González-Ramírez AM, Macías-León J, García-García A, Taleb V, Lira-Navarrete E, Paño-Pardo JR, Ruíz H. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Natural Environment Exposure in Sheep in Close Contact with Humans. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1984. [PMID: 34359111 PMCID: PMC8300300 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the zoonotic causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has caused a pandemic situation with millions of infected humans worldwide. Among domestic animals, there have been limited studies regarding the transmissibility and exposure to the infection in natural conditions. Some animals are exposed and/or susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as cats, ferrets and dogs. By contrast, there is no information about the susceptibility of ruminants to SARS-CoV-2. This study tested the antibody response in 90 ovine pre-pandemic serum samples and 336 sheep serum samples from the pandemic period (June 2020 to March 2021). In both cases, the animals were in close contact with a veterinary student community composed of more than 700 members. None of the serum samples analyzed was seroreactive based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike antigen. In this sense, no statistical difference was observed compared to the pre-pandemic sheep. Our results suggest that it seems unlikely that sheep could play a relevant role in the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is the first study to report the absence of evidence of sheep exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Jacobo Giner
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Aurora Ortín
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Luis Miguel Ferrer
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Marta Ruiz de Arcaute
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Ana Pilar Tobajas
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Dolores Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Diana Marteles
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.H.-G.); (A.M.G.-R.); (J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (V.T.); (E.L.-N.)
- Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Zaragoza University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Andrés Manuel González-Ramírez
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.H.-G.); (A.M.G.-R.); (J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (V.T.); (E.L.-N.)
| | - Javier Macías-León
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.H.-G.); (A.M.G.-R.); (J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (V.T.); (E.L.-N.)
| | - Ana García-García
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.H.-G.); (A.M.G.-R.); (J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (V.T.); (E.L.-N.)
| | - Víctor Taleb
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.H.-G.); (A.M.G.-R.); (J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (V.T.); (E.L.-N.)
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (R.H.-G.); (A.M.G.-R.); (J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (V.T.); (E.L.-N.)
| | - José Ramón Paño-Pardo
- Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Héctor Ruíz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.G.); (A.F.); (D.L.); (A.O.); (J.J.R.); (L.M.F.); (M.R.d.A.); (M.V.); (D.M.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.P.T.); (M.D.P.)
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Villanueva-Saz S, Giner J, Verde M, Yzuel A, González A, Lacasta D, Marteles D, Fernández A. Prevalence of microfilariae, antigen and antibodies of feline dirofilariosis infection (Dirofilaria immitis) in the Zaragoza metropolitan area, Spain. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 23:100541. [PMID: 33678394 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Feline heartworm disease is a vector-borne parasitical disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm infection in dogs is prevalent in the Mediterranean countries. Information about the geographical distribution and epidemiological features of D. immitis infection in cats is scarce, particularly in urban stray cats that live within endemic regions for canine heartworm disease. The aim of the current study was to determine the seroprevalence of antigen and antibodies to D. immitis in feral cats in Zaragoza city, an endemic region of Spain. For this purpose, blood samples were examined for microfilariae using a direct blood smear technique and the modified Knott test. Two serological techniques for anti-D. immitis antibody detection (Solo Step® FH and in-house ELISA) and three different commercial antigen tests (DiroChek®, MegaELISA® DIRO Antigen and FASTest® HW) were performed. Blood samples from 250 stray cats were tested: 61 cats (24.40%) tested positive by the in-house ELISA, and 9 cats gave positive (3.6%) results with Solo Step® FH. The global seroprevalence of D. immitis in the feline population of the studied area of Zaragoza was 25.20% (63/250) including Solo Step® FH result and in-house ELISA. The blood exam for all samples was negative when evaluating for microfilariae and not a single cat was positive for antigen testing. This study demonstrates the presence of D. immitis infection in Zaragoza city. Veterinarians working in endemic areas should be aware of this infection in cats at risk and their susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jacobo Giner
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maite Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrés Yzuel
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diana Marteles
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Marteles D, Verde MT, Conde T, Pereboom D, Casanova Á, Villanueva-Saz S, Ortín A, Fernández A. Effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy on peripheral blood regulatory T cells and serum concentrations of cytokines and immunoglobulins in horses with allergic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105674. [PMID: 31195188 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) on the immunological responses of horses. Blood samples were taken from thirty-two horses with allergic dermatitis treated with ASIT and 10 healthy control horses at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months to investigate the evolution of the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood and the serum levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Clinical improvement was appreciated by the majority of the horses' owners (56.6%). No effect of ASIT on CD4+CD25High Treg cells was found during the one year treatment period. No differences in the percentage of CD4+ T cells were observed between the groups, and no effects of ASIT over time were observed. The percentage of CD25+ T cells was always higher in the ASIT group (17.9 ± 11.3%) than in the control group (7.3 ± 4.4%, p < 0.001). We did not detect any effect of ASIT on the serum levels of TGF-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ or on the serum concentrations of IgA and IgG4. A reduction in the serum levels of total IgE in the horses with allergic dermatitis was observed at the 6th month (p < 0.05), but increased again at the end of the study. The results indicate that immunotherapy was insufficient to induce significant changes that could indicate T cell tolerance, a shift in cytokine production to more protective Th1 cells. More studies are needed with new vaccine compositions and administration protocols to improve the immunological responses of the horses with allergic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marteles
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás Conde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Desirée Pereboom
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, SAI de Citomica 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Álvaro Casanova
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, SAI de Citomica 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, SAI de Citomica 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Ortín
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Marteles D, Odriozola L, Verde MT, Conde T, Fernández A. Assessment of serum allergen-specific IgE levels in horses with seasonal allergic dermatitis and recurrent airway obstruction in Spain. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:11-21. [PMID: 30922098 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergic conditions are prevalent equine diseases that can be diagnosed by clinical examination alone, but definitive diagnosis is more likely with laboratory testing. The ELISA Allercept© test was used to analyse the serum samples of 73 horses with allergic diseases. Sixty-one horses (83.5%) had allergen-specific IgE levels ≥ 150 ELISA Units (EU), the cut-off defined by the assay. Fifty-four horses had allergic dermatitis (AD) with high IgE levels to Tyrophagus putrescentiae (51.9%), Rumex crispus (48.1%), Tabanus (46.3%) and Dermatophagoides farinae/ D. pteronyssinus (40.7%). Seven horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) had a high prevalence of T. putrescentiae (85.7%), followed by that of Acarus siro (57.1%) and D. farinae/D. pteronyssinus (57.1%). Horses affected with RAO had more positive reactions to mites (2.22 ± 0.84) than did horses with AD (1.51 ± 0.61, P < 0.05). A strong correlation of serum allergen-specific IgE level was found between Culex tarsalis and Stomoxys (r = 0.943) and between Dactylis glomerata and both Secale cereale (r = 0.79) and R. crispus (r = 0.696). These results indicate that among horses with allergic diseases in Spain, ELISA tests demonstrated a high prevalence of serum allergen-specific IgE in response to mites. Our study emphasises the importance of laboratory testing and updating allergy panels to improve the likelihood of a definitive diagnosis and the identification of allergens that should be included in allergic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marteles
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Odriozola
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás Conde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Lacasta D, Figueras L, Bueso J, De las Heras M, Ramos J, Ferrer L, González J, Ruíz de Arcaute M, Ortín A, Marteles D, Navarro T, Fernández A. Experimental infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae serotype 61:k:1,5,(7) in sheep: Study of cell mediated immune response. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borobia M, De Las Heras M, Ramos JJ, Ferrer LM, Lacasta D, De Martino A, Fernández A, Loste A, Marteles D, Ortín A. Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Can Reach Peyer's Patches and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Lambs Nursed by Infected Mothers. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:1172-1179. [PMID: 27154541 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816641993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious lung cancer of sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). It is generally accepted that transmission by the respiratory route occurs under natural conditions. However recent studies strongly indicate that JSRV can also be transmitted to lambs perinatally via colostrum and milk (C/M). The aim of this work was to confirm that C/M can transmit JSRV infection to lambs under natural conditions and investigate the initial events associated with this transmission route. We have analyzed the presence of JSRV in C/M samples from 22 naturally infected, asymptomatic ewes throughout a lactation period, and in various tissues collected from a group of 36 of their lambs that were fed naturally. The lambs were euthanized at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours and at 5 and 10 days after birth. We detected JSRV-provirus by PCR in the somatic C/M cells from 10/22 ewes (45.45%). The virus was also detected in 9/36 lambs (25%). JSRV-infected cells, with lymphoreticular-like morphology, were observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) in Peyer's patches (PP) from the small intestine of the youngest lambs and in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) from lambs older than 72 hours. The virus was also detected by PCR in white blood cells (WBC) in 2/36 lambs (5.5%). These results confirm colostral transmission of JSRV to lambs under natural conditions. Infected lymphoreticular cells contained in C/M appear to be involved. These cells can cross the intestinal barrier of newborn lambs, reach the MLN and enter into circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borobia
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M De Las Heras
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J J Ramos
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L M Ferrer
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Lacasta
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A De Martino
- Unidad de Anatomía Patológica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Fernández
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Loste
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - D Marteles
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Ortín
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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