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Okuzono Y, Miyakawa S, Itou T, Sagara M, Iwata M, Ishizuchi K, Sekiguchi K, Motegi H, Oyama M, Warude D, Kikukawa Y, Suzuki S. B-cell immune dysregulation with low soluble CD22 levels in refractory seronegative myasthenia gravis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382320. [PMID: 38711503 PMCID: PMC11071663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG), primarily caused by acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies, is a chronic autoimmune disorder causing severe muscle weakness and fatigability. In particular, seronegative MG constitutes 10%-15% of MG cases and presents diagnostic challenges especially in early-onset female patients who often show severe disease and resistance to immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, the immunopathology of seronegative MG remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of seronegative MG using scRNA-seq analysis and plasma proteome analysis; in particular, we investigated the relationship between immune dysregulation status and disease severity in refractory seronegative MG. Employing single-cell RNA-sequencing and plasma proteome analyses, we analyzed peripheral blood samples from 30 women divided into three groups: 10 healthy controls, 10 early-onset AChR-positive MG, and 10 refractory early-onset seronegative MG patients, both before and after intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. The disease severity was evaluated using the MG-Activities of Daily Living (ADL), MG composite (MGC), and revised 15-item MG-Quality of Life (QOL) scales. We observed numerical abnormalities in multiple immune cells, particularly B cells, in patients with refractory seronegative MG, correlating with disease activity. Notably, severe MG cases had fewer regulatory T cells without functional abnormalities. Memory B cells were found to be enriched in peripheral blood cells compared with naïve B cells. Moreover, plasma proteome analysis indicated significantly lower plasma protein levels of soluble CD22, expressed in the lineage of B-cell maturation (including mature B cells and memory B cells), in refractory seronegative MG patients than in healthy donors or patients with AChR-positive MG. Soluble CD22 levels were correlated with disease severity, B-cell frequency, and RNA expression levels of CD22. In summary, this study elucidates the immunopathology of refractory seronegative MG, highlighting immune disorders centered on B cells and diminished soluble CD22 levels. These insights pave the way for novel MG treatment strategies focused on B-cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuumi Okuzono
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit Japan, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuuichi Miyakawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit Japan, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Itou
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit Japan, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Sagara
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit Japan, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwata
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit Japan, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Ishizuchi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sekiguchi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Motegi
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munenori Oyama
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dnyaneshwar Warude
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit Japan, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kikukawa
- Oncology Drug Discovery Unit Japan, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Miyakawa S, Sakuma H, Warude D, Asanuma S, Arimura N, Yoshihara T, Tavares D, Hata A, Ida K, Hori Y, Okuzono Y, Yamamoto S, Iida K, Shimizu H, Kondo S, Sato S. Anti-sortilin1 Antibody Up-Regulates Progranulin via Sortilin1 Down-Regulation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:586107. [PMID: 33384578 PMCID: PMC7770147 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.586107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) haploinsufficiency associated with loss-of-function mutations in the granulin gene causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This suggests that increasing PGRN levels could have promising therapeutic implications for patients carrying GRN mutations. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of sortilin1 (SORT1), a clearance receptor of PGRN, by generating and characterizing monoclonal antibodies against SORT1. Anti-SORT1 monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing Sort1 knockout mice with SORT1 protein. The antibodies were classified into 7 epitope bins based on their competitive binding to the SORT1 protein and further defined by epitope bin-dependent characteristics, including SORT1-PGRN blocking, SORT1 down-regulation, and binding to human and mouse SORT1. We identified a positive correlation between PGRN up-regulation and SORT1 down-regulation. Furthermore, we also characterized K1-67 antibody via SORT1 down-regulation and binding to mouse SORT1 in vivo and confirmed that K1-67 significantly up-regulated PGRN levels in plasma and brain interstitial fluid of mice. These data indicate that SORT1 down-regulation is a key mechanism in increasing PGRN levels via anti-SORT1 antibodies and suggest that SORT1 is a potential target to correct PGRN reduction, such as that in patients with FTD caused by GRN mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuuichi Miyakawa
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakuma
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Dnyaneshwar Warude
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Satomi Asanuma
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Arimura
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshihara
- Global Biologics Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Tavares
- Global Biologics Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Akito Hata
- Global Biologics Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Koh Ida
- Global Biologics Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yuri Hori
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yuumi Okuzono
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Yamamoto
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Iida
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hisao Shimizu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kondo
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Shuji Sato
- Immunology Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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Ramdas V, Talwar R, Kanoje V, Loriya RM, Banerjee M, Patil P, Joshi AA, Datrange L, Das AK, Walke DS, Kalhapure V, Khan T, Gote G, Dhayagude U, Deshpande S, Shaikh J, Chaure G, Pal RR, Parkale S, Suravase S, Bhoskar S, Gupta RV, Kalia A, Yeshodharan R, Azhar M, Daler J, Mali V, Sharma G, Kishore A, Vyawahare R, Agarwal G, Pareek H, Budhe S, Nayak A, Warude D, Gupta PK, Joshi P, Joshi S, Darekar S, Pandey D, Wagh A, Nigade PB, Mehta M, Patil V, Modi D, Pawar S, Verma M, Singh M, Das S, Gundu J, Nemmani K, Bock MG, Sharma S, Bakhle D, Kamboj RK, Palle VP. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and State-Dependent Na V1.7 Inhibitors with Robust Oral Efficacy in Pain Models: Structure-Activity Relationship and Optimization of Chroman and Indane Aryl Sulfonamides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6107-6133. [PMID: 32368909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is a genetically validated target for pain. Identification of NaV1.7 inhibitors with all of the desired properties to develop as an oral therapeutic for pain has been a major challenge. Herein, we report systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies carried out to identify novel sulfonamide derivatives as potent, selective, and state-dependent NaV1.7 inhibitors for pain. Scaffold hopping from benzoxazine to chroman and indane bicyclic system followed by thiazole replacement on sulfonamide led to identification of lead molecules with significant improvement in solubility, selectivity over NaV1.5, and CYP2C9 inhibition. The lead molecules 13, 29, 32, 43, and 51 showed a favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profile across different species and robust efficacy in veratridine and formalin-induced inflammatory pain models in mice. Compound 51 also showed significant effects on the CCI-induced neuropathic pain model. The profile of 51 indicated that it has the potential for further evaluation as a therapeutic for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Ramdas
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rashmi Talwar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vijay Kanoje
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh M Loriya
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Moloy Banerjee
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Pradeep Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Advait Arun Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Laxmikant Datrange
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Deepak Sahebrao Walke
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vaibhav Kalhapure
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Talha Khan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Gote
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Usha Dhayagude
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shreyas Deshpande
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Javed Shaikh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Chaure
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ravindra R Pal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Santosh Parkale
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sachin Suravase
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Smita Bhoskar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh V Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anil Kalia
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajesh Yeshodharan
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mahammad Azhar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jagadeesh Daler
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Mali
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Amitesh Kishore
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rupali Vyawahare
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gautam Agarwal
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Himani Pareek
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sagar Budhe
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Arun Nayak
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Warude
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Parag Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sneha Joshi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sagar Darekar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dilip Pandey
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Akshaya Wagh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prashant B Nigade
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Maneesh Mehta
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dipak Modi
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shashikant Pawar
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mahip Verma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Minakshi Singh
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sudipto Das
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jayasagar Gundu
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kumar Nemmani
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mark G Bock
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dhananjay Bakhle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Kamboj
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Venkata P Palle
- Novel Drug Discovery & Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47 A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
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