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Li S, Xie X, Li H, Xue D. Relationship between denitrification and anammox rates and N 2 production with substrate consumption and pH in a riparian zone. Environ Technol 2024; 45:2531-2540. [PMID: 36973186 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2177889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) are the key processes to quantitatively remove nitrate (NO3-) and balance the nitrogen (N) budget of the ecosystem. In this paper, a slurry-based 15N tracer approach was used to study the correlation and quantitative relation of substrate consumption and pH with rates of denitrification and anammox in a riparian zone. The results showed that the fastest rates of 0.93 µg N h-1 and 0.32 µg N h-1 for denitrification (Denitrif-N2) and anammox (Denitrif-N2), respectively. N2 produced by denitrification occupied 74.04% and produced by anammox occupied 25.96% of the total N2, proving denitrification is the dominant process to remove NO3-. The substrate content (NO3-, NH4+ and TOC) and pH varied during incubation and were significantly correlated with Dentrif-N2 and Anammox-N2. Nitrate and TOC as the substrates of denitrification demonstrated a significant correlation with Anammox-N2, which was associated with the products of denitrification involved in the anammox process. This proved a coupling of denitrification and anammox. A quantitative relationship was observed between Dentrif-N2 and Anammox-N2 in the range of 2.75-2.90 when TOC, NH4+ and NO3- consumption per unit mass or pH changed per unit. Nitrogen mass balance analysis showed that 1 mg N substrate (NO3-+NH4+) consumption in the denitrification and anammox can produce 1.05 mg N2 with a good linear relationship (r2 = 0.9334). This could be related to other processes that produced extra N2 in denitrification and anammox system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Xue D, Ma H, Li L, Liu D, Xiong Z. aiWave: Volumetric Image Compression With 3-D Trained Affine Wavelet-Like Transform. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2023; 42:606-618. [PMID: 36201414 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3212780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric image compression has become an urgent task to effectively transmit and store images produced in biological research and clinical practice. At present, the most commonly used volumetric image compression methods are based on wavelet transform, such as JP3D. However, JP3D employs an ideal, separable, global, and fixed wavelet basis to convert input images from pixel domain to frequency domain, which seriously limits its performance. In this paper, we first design a 3-D trained wavelet-like transform to enable signal-dependent and non-separable transform. Then, an affine wavelet basis is introduced to capture the various local correlations in different regions of volumetric images. Furthermore, we embed the proposed wavelet-like transform to an end-to-end compression framework called aiWave to enable an adaptive compression scheme for various datasets. Last but not least, we introduce the weight sharing strategies of the affine wavelet-like transform according to the volumetric data characteristics in the axial direction to reduce the number of parameters. The experimental results show that: 1) when cooperating our trained 3-D affine wavelet-like transform with a simple factorized entropy coding module, aiWave performs better than JP3D and is comparable in terms of encoding and decoding complexities; 2) when adding a context module to remove signal redundancy further, aiWave can achieve a much better performance than HEVC.
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Xue DM, Bai Q, Bian Y. How working-age population education and health of older people shape the burden of population aging: A comparative study of Macau, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1031229. [PMID: 36408011 PMCID: PMC9669390 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Macau, Hong Kong and Singapore are all facing increasing population aging. Those aged 65 and over make up the old-age population. The working-age population refers to the population aged 15 to 64. Conventionally, the burden of population aging is measured by the Old-Age Dependency Ratio, which is the ratio of the old-age population to the working-age population. As life expectancy rises, depending exclusively on age to calculate the burden of aging hinders the development of effective anti-aging strategies. The working-age population's education and the elderly's health affect the aging burden's support and generator, respectively. Including them in the calculation gives us a fuller view of the burden of aging. Objective To compare the population aging burden in Macau, Hong Kong, and Singapore by including working-age population education and elderly health. Methods The overall, working-age and old-age population and proportion, as well as the Old-Age Dependency Ratio of Macau, Hong Kong, and Singapore, were collected from the World Bank database. The life expectancy at 65 was extracted from the 2022 World Population Prospect. The tertiary education rate of the working-age population and the self-rated health status of the old-age population were retrieved from governments' statistical reports. We then calculated the Education-Health Adjusted Old-Age Dependency Ratio, a set of four equations showing the support of the working-age population on the old-age population, where OADRh_t and OADRuh_t represent the burden of healthy and unhealthy old-age population on the working-age population with tertiary education; similarly, OADRh_nt and OADRuh_nt indicate the burden placed on the working-age population without tertiary education by healthy and unhealthy old-age population. Lastly, for comparison with the conventional Old-Age Dependency Ratio, we generated the Weighted Education-Health Adjusted Old-Age Dependency Ratio. Results Hong Kong has the greatest old-age population proportion and Old-Age Dependency Ratio, yet its growth rates are moderate and stable, ranging from 0 to 4% and 0 to 6%, respectively. Macau and Singapore experienced sharper changes in old-age population proportion and the Old-Age Dependency Ratio, with Macau's Old-Age Dependency Ratio varying between -2.66 and 8.50% and Singapore's ranging from -1.53 to 9.70%. Three cities showed different patterns in four Education-Health Adjusted Old-Age Dependency Ratio indicators. In Macau, the OADRh_nt and OADRuh_nt increased by 0.4 and 6.2, while the OADRh_t and OADRuh_t decreased by 13.5 and 15.3 from 2004 to 2016. In Hong Kong, only the OADRuh_t fell by 9.4, and the other three increased from 2003 to 2015. In Singapore, the OADRh_nt and OADRh_t increased by 3.8 and 1.0, while OADRuh_nt and OADRuh_t decreased by 1.2 and 3.9 from 2007 to 2011. The Weighted Education-Health Adjusted Old-Age Dependency Ratios are all smaller than the conventional Old-Age Dependency Ratio in the three regions, particularly in Singapore. The Weighted Education-Health Adjusted Old-Age Dependency Ratio of Singapore was reduced by 9.5 to 30.5% compared with the conventional Old-Age Dependency Ratio, that of Hong Kong reduced by 6.2 to 22.5%, and that of Macau reduced by 4.4 to 16.1%. Conclusion This is the first study to compare the aging burden in Macau, Hong Kong, and Singapore in connection to working-age population education and elderly health. With the new assessment, the burden of population aging in three regions has been reduced, showing that improving the education of the working-age population and maintaining older people's wellbeing can assist authorities to deal with population aging, especially in Macau and Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-mei Xue
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qian Bai
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ying Bian
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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Bai Q, Ke X, Huang L, Liu L, Xue D, Bian Y. Finding flaws in the spatial distribution of health workforce and its influential factors: An empirical analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data, 2010-2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:953695. [PMID: 36589992 PMCID: PMC9794860 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.953695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The maldistributions of the health workforce showed great inconsistency when singly measured by population quantity or geographic area in China. Meanwhile, earlier studies mainly employed traditional econometric approaches to investigate determinants for the health workforce, which ignored spillover effects of influential factors on neighboring regions. Therefore, we aimed to analyze health workforce allocation in China from demographic and geographic perspectives simultaneously and then explore the spatial pattern and determinants for health workforce allocation taking account of the spillover effect. Methods The health resource density index (HRDI) equals the geometric mean of health resources per 1,000 persons and per square kilometer. First, the HRDI of licensed physicians (HRDI_P) and registered nurses (HRDI_N) was calculated for descriptive analysis. Then, global and local Moran's I indices were employed to explore the spatial features and aggregation clusters of the health workforce. Finally, four types of independent variables were selected: supportive resources (bed density and government health expenditure), healthcare need (proportion of the elderly population), socioeconomic factors (urbanization rate and GDP per capita), and sociocultural factors (education expenditure per pupil and park green area per capita), and then the spatial panel econometric model was used to assess direct associations and intra-region spillover effects between independent variables and HRDI_P and HRDI_N. Results Global Moran's I index of HRDI_P and HRDI_N increased from 0.2136 (P = 0.0070) to 0.2316 (P = 0.0050), and from 0.1645 (P = 0.0120) to 0.2022 (P = 0.0080), respectively. Local Moran's I suggested spatial aggregation clusters of HRDI_P and HRDI_N. For HRDI_P, bed density, government health expenditure, and GDP had significantly positive associations with local HRDI_P, while the proportion of the elderly population and education expenditure showed opposite spillover effects. More precisely, a 1% increase in the proportion of the elderly population would lead to a 0.4098% increase in HRDI_P of neighboring provinces, while a 1% increase in education expenditure leads to a 0.2688% decline in neighboring HRDI_P. For HRDI_N, the urbanization rate, bed density, and government health expenditure exerted significantly positive impacted local HRDI_N. In addition, the spillover effect was more evident in the urbanization rate, with a 1% increase in the urbanization rate relating to 0.9080% growth of HRDI_N of surrounding provinces. Negative spillover effects of education expenditure, government health expenditure, and elderly proportion were observed in neighboring HRDI_N. Conclusion There were substantial spatial disparities in health workforce distribution in China; moreover, the health workforce showed positive spatial agglomeration with a strengthening tendency in the last decade. In addition, supportive resources, healthcare needs, and socioeconomic and sociocultural factors would affect the health labor configuration not only in a given province but also in its nearby provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xinyu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lieyu Huang
- Office of Policy and Planning Research, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Bian
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Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) has become a powerful genome editing tool, but has a limited range of recognizable protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs) and shows off-target effects. To address these issues, we present a rational approach to optimize the xCas9 mutant derived from SpCas9 by directed evolution. Firstly, energy minimization with the Rosetta program was applied to optimize the three-dimensional structure of Cas9 to obtain the lowest energy conformation. Subsequently, combinatorial mutations were designed based on the mutations sites of xCas9 acquired during the directed evolution. Finally, optimal mutants were selected from the designed mutants by free energy ranking and subjected to experimental verification. A new mutant yCas9 (262A/324R/409N/480K/543D/694L/1219T) with multiple PAM recognition ability and low off-target effects was obtained and verified by DNA cleavage experiments. This mutant recognizes the NG, GAA and GAT PAMs and shows low off-target DNA cleavage activity guided by mismatched sgRNA, thus provides a gene editing tool with potential applications in biomedical field. Furthermore, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the structures of SpCas9, xCas9 and yCas9 to reveal the mechanisms of their PAM recognition and off-target effects. These may provide theoretical guidance for further optimization and modification of CRISPR/Cas9 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenhao Du
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Honghai Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Tang H, Yuan H, Du W, Li G, Xue D, Huang Q. Active-Site Models of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 in DNA Cleavage State. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:653262. [PMID: 33987202 PMCID: PMC8112549 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.653262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful tool for target genome editing in living cells. Significant advances have been made to understand how this system cleaves target DNA. HNH is a nuclease domain, which shares structural similarity with the HNH endonuclease characterzied by a beta-beta-alpha-metal fold. Therefore, based on one- and two-metal-ion mechanisms, homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are suitable tools for building an atomic model of Cas9 in the DNA cleavage state. Here, by modeling and MD, we presented an atomic model of SpCas9-sgRNA-DNA complex with the cleavage state. This model shows that the HNH and RuvC conformations resemble their DNA cleavage state where the active-sites in the complex coordinate with DNA, Mg2+ ions, and water. Among them, residues D10, E762, H983, and D986 locate at the first shell of the RuvC active-site and interact with the ions directly, residues H982 or/and H985 are general (Lewis) bases, and the coordinated water is located at the positions for nucleophilic attack of the scissile phosphate. Meanwhile, this catalytic model led us to engineer a new SpCas9 variant (SpCas9-H982A + H983D) with reduced off-target effects. Thus, our study provided new mechanistic insights into the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the DNA cleavage state and offered useful guidance for engineering new CRISPR-Cas9 editing systems with improved specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yu H, Xue D, Wang Y, Zheng W, Zhang G, Wang ZL. Molecular ecological network analysis of the response of soil microbial communities to depth gradients in farmland soils. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e983. [PMID: 31902141 PMCID: PMC7066466 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are considered to be important indicators of soil fertility and soil quality. Most previous studies have focused solely on surface soil, but there were numerous active cells in deeper soil layers. However, studies regarding microbial communities in deeper soil layers were not comprehensive and sufficient. In this study, phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (pMENs) based on the 16S rRNA Miseq sequencing technique were applied to study the response of soil microbial communities to depth gradients and the changes of key genera along 3 meter depth gradients (0–0.2 m, 0.2–0.4 m 0.4–0.6 m, 0.6–0.8 m, 0.8–1.0 m, 1.0–1.3 m, 1.3–1.6 m, 1.6–2.0 m, 2.0–2.5 m, and 2.5–3.0 m). The results showed that the modularity of microbial communities was consistently high in all soil layers and each layer was similar, which indicated that microbial communities were more resistant to depth changes. The pMENs further demonstrated that microbial community interactions were stable as the depth increased and they cooperated well to adapt to changes in different soil gradients. This was evidenced by similar positive links, average degree, and average clustering coefficient. In addition, key genera were obtained by analyzing module hubs in the pMENs. There may be at least one dominant genus in each layer that adapted to and resisted changes in the soil environment. It seems microbial communities demonstrate a stable and strong adaptability to depth gradients in farmland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Restoration, School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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Wang Y, Wang ZL, Zhang Q, Hu N, Li Z, Lou Y, Li Y, Xue D, Chen Y, Wu C, Zou CB, Kuzyakov Y. Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on aggregation and localization of carbon, nitrogen and microbial activities in soil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:1131-1139. [PMID: 29929225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-term nitrogen (N) fertilization affects soil aggregation and localizations of soil organic carbon (SOC), N and microbial parameters within aggregates. The mechanisms of these N effects are poorly understood. We studied these processes in a loamy soil from a 23-year repeated N addition field experiment under a rice-barley rotation. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant productivity and the portion of large macroaggregates (>2mm). However, SOC contents in macro- and micro-aggregates remained constant despite an N-induced increase of 27% in root C input into soil. Therefore, N fertilization accelerated SOC turnover. Nitrogen addition increased total N (TN) content in bulk soil and two macroaggregates (>2, and 1-2mm), but not in microaggregates (<0.25mm). Also, N fertilization increased the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) contents of fungi in the large macroaggregates, but not in the microaggregates. In contrast, the effect of N addition on contents of bacterial and total microbial PLFAs was not apparent. Nitrogen fertilization increased N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities in the two larger macroaggregate size classes (>2, and 1-2mm), but not in the aggregates (<1mm). In both control and N fertilization, the large macroaggregates localized more TN, microbial PLFAs, and NAG activities than the microaggregates. In conclusion, long-term N fertilization not only directly promotes soil N resource but also indirectly improves soil structure by forming large macroaggregates, accelerates SOC turnover, and shiftes localization of microorganisms to the macroaggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Qingzhong Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Zhongfang Li
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Yilai Lou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dongmei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chris B Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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Xue D, Yang M, Wang ZL. Assessing the Effects of Acidification on N Dynamics in Jiyun River System of Tianjin, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2015; 95:822-829. [PMID: 26499323 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in pH have significant effects on nitrification and denitrification processes in aquatic systems. The Jiyun River in northern China experiences significant acid precipitation, and as such was selected to investigate the effects of decreasing pH (river pH at 8.2, pH at 6 and 5) on N dynamics via incubation experiments (35 and 10°C). Statistical results indicated that the NO3 (-) concentrations of the control (pH at 8.2) were either significantly lower (at 35°C) or significantly higher (at 10°C) than the treatments of pH at 6 and 5 at the alpha level of 0.05 in the incubation. However, the NO3 (-) concentrations of the two pH treatments showed significant difference during part of the reaction stage at 35°C and no difference at 10°C. Analysis indicated that nitrification and coupled nitrification-aerobic denitrification occurred for all treatments, which resulted in NO3 (-) being either accumulated or removed at the end of the incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Mengfan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Urban and Environmental Science College, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China.
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Xue D, Pang F, Meng F, Wang Z, Wu W. Decision-tree-model identification of nitrate pollution activities in groundwater: A combination of a dual isotope approach and chemical ions. J Contam Hydrol 2015; 180:25-33. [PMID: 26231989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To develop management practices for agricultural crops to protect against NO3(-) contamination in groundwater, dominant pollution activities require reliable classification. In this study, we (1) classified potential NO3(-) pollution activities via an unsupervised learning algorithm based on δ(15)N- and δ(18)O-NO3(-) and physico-chemical properties of groundwater at 55 sampling locations; and (2) determined which water quality parameters could be used to identify the sources of NO3(-) contamination via a decision tree model. When a combination of δ(15)N-, δ(18)O-NO3(-) and physico-chemical properties of groundwater was used as an input for the k-means clustering algorithm, it allowed for a reliable clustering of the 55 sampling locations into 4 corresponding agricultural activities: well irrigated agriculture (28 sampling locations), sewage irrigated agriculture (16 sampling locations), a combination of sewage irrigated agriculture, farm and industry (5 sampling locations) and a combination of well irrigated agriculture and farm (6 sampling locations). A decision tree model with 97.5% classification success was developed based on SO4(2-) and Cl(-) variables. The NO3(-) and the δ(15)N- and δ(18)O-NO3(-) variables demonstrated limitation in developing a decision tree model as multiple N sources and fractionation processes both resulted in difficulties of discriminating NO3(-) concentrations and isotopic values. Although only the SO4(2-) and Cl(-) were selected as important discriminating variables, concentration data alone could not identify the specific NO3(-) sources responsible for groundwater contamination. This is a result of comprehensive analysis. To further reduce NO3(-) contamination, an integrated approach should be set-up by combining N and O isotopes of NO3(-) with land-uses and physico-chemical properties, especially in areas with complex agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Fengmei Pang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanqiao Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Abstract
14-3-3 Proteins are a ubiquitous family of molecules that participate in protein kinase signaling pathways in all eukaryotic cells. Functioning as phosphoserine/phosphothreonine-binding modules, 14-3-3 proteins participate in the phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions that control progression through the cell cycle, initiation and maintenance of DNA damage checkpoints, activation of MAP kinases, prevention of apoptosis, and coordination of integrin signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. During liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, normally quiescent hepatocytes undergo hypertrophy and proliferation to restore the liver mass. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of 14-3-3 mRNAs in regenerating rat liver after 2/3 partial hepatectomy using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All mRNAs of the 14-3-3 7 isotypes were expressed at 10 time points. Upregulation of 14-3-3x mRNA expression and downregulation of 14-3-3s mRNA expression from 0 to 6 h may play important roles in the entry into S-phase. Downregulation of 14-3-3b, g, s, h, and t mRNA expression from 24 to 30 h, when compared to 0 h, was closely related to entry into mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Xue
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - X Q Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - R Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Z P Niu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - C S Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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12
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Yang M, Xue D, Meng F, Wang ZL. The effects of salinity on coupled nitrification and aerobic denitrification in an estuarine system. Water Sci Technol 2015; 71:1718-1726. [PMID: 26038938 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has significant effects on nitrification and denitrification processes, particularly in estuarine systems. A dissolved oxygen-enriched river and its estuary in northern China were selected to investigate the impact of salinity gradients (0.6, 4, 7.6, 11.4 and 14.7‰) obtained from the mixing of river samples and estuarine samples with different proportions on coupled nitrification and aerobic denitrification via incubation experiments (35 and 10 °C). Results indicated that: (a) nitrification and coupled nitrification-aerobic denitrification occurred for all treatments, which resulted in NO3- being either accumulated or removed at the end of the incubation; (b) a suitable range of salinity is 4.0-11.4‰ for nitrification and 4.0-7.6‰ for coupled nitrification-aerobic denitrification; and (c) the relatively higher temperature (35 °C) can effectively stimulate N transformation processes compared to the lover temperature (10 °C) in the incubation experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China E-mail: ; Urban and Environmental Science College, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dongmei Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China E-mail:
| | - Fanqiao Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China E-mail: ; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
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13
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Xue DM, Hou LS, Zhang SR, Chen NX. Analysis of cell cycle shortening and developmental interruption in Dictyostelium discoideum allC RNAi mutants. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:3956-66. [PMID: 24938606 DOI: 10.4238/2014.may.23.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum allC RNAi mutant cells are motile and aggregate together, but do not undergo further morphological development. The relatively quick growth rate of allC RNAi mutants compared to wild-type D. discoideum results in a shortened mutant cell cycle. However, at present, little is known about the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Here, we used semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative RT-PCR, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry to elucidate the phenomenon. We found significant downregulation of myosin II heavy chain, D. discoideum calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1 (DdCAD-1) mRNA, DdCAD-1 protein, D. discoideum mRNA for 14-3-3 and 14-3-3 protein, and type A von Willebrand factor domain-containing protein mRNA in allC RNAi mutants. The results suggest that downregulation of the myosin II heavy chain could be one of key factors causing the developmental interruption and that downregulation of the 14-3-3 protein and the type A von Willebrand factor domain-containing protein mRNA plays an important role in shortening the cell cycle of allC RNAi mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Xue
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - L S Hou
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S R Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - N X Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Xue D, De Baets B, Van Cleemput O, Hennessy C, Berglund M, Boeckx P. Classification of Nitrate Polluting Activities through Clustering of Isotope Mixing Model Outputs. J Environ Qual 2013; 42:1486-1497. [PMID: 24216426 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Apportionment of nitrate (NO) sources in surface water and classification of monitoring locations according to NO polluting activities may help implementation of water quality control measures. In this study, we (i) evaluated a Bayesian isotopic mixing model (stable isotope analysis in R [SIAR]) for NO source apportionment using 2 yr of δN-NO and δO-NO data from 29 locations within river basins in Flanders (Belgium) and five expert-defined NO polluting activities, (ii) used the NO source contributions as input to an unsupervised learning algorithm (k-means clustering) to reclassify sampling locations into NO polluting activities, and (iii) assessed if a decision tree model of physicochemical data could retrieve the isotope-based and expert-defined classifications. Based on the SIAR and δB results, manure/sewage was identified as a major NO source, whereas soil N, fertilizer NO, and NH in fertilizer and rain were intermediate sources and NO in precipitation was a minor source. The k-means clustering algorithm allowed classification of NO polluting activities that corresponded well to the expert-defined classifications. A decision tree model of physicochemical parameters allowed us to correctly classify 50 to 100% of the sampling locations as compared with the k-means clustering approach. We suggest that NO polluting activities can be identified via clustering of NO source contributions from samples representing an entire river basin. Classification of future monitoring locations into these classes could use decision tree models based on physicochemical data. The latter approach holds a substantial degree of uncertainty but provides more inherent information for dedicated abatement strategies than monitoring of NO concentrations alone.
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15
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Xue DM, Hou LS. Shortening of the cell cycle and developmental interruption in a Dictyostelium discoideum cell line due to RNAi-silenced expression of allantoicase. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:1923-33. [PMID: 22869547 DOI: 10.4238/2012.july.19.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The signaling molecules NH(3) (unprotonated volatile ammonia), as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate and differentiation-inducing factor, play important roles in the multicellular development of the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. One of the downstream metabolic products catalyzed by allantoicase (allC) is ammonia. We observed the role of allC by RNAi-mediated manipulation of its expression. The allC gene of D. discoideum was silenced by RNAi. We found significant downregulation of allC mRNA and protein expression levels. Recombinant allC RNAi mutant cell lines had a shortened cell cycle, a reduction in cell size relative to wild-type cells and interrupted development. We conclude that the normal functions of allC include retarding cell division until a specific cell size is reached and coordinating the progression of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Xue
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
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16
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Xue D, De Baets B, Van Cleemput O, Hennessy C, Berglund M, Boeckx P. Use of a Bayesian isotope mixing model to estimate proportional contributions of multiple nitrate sources in surface water. Environ Pollut 2012; 161:43-49. [PMID: 22230066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To identify different NO(3)(-) sources in surface water and to estimate their proportional contribution to the nitrate mixture in surface water, a dual isotope and a Bayesian isotope mixing model have been applied for six different surface waters affected by agriculture, greenhouses in an agricultural area, and households. Annual mean δ(15)N-NO(3)(-) were between 8.0 and 19.4‰, while annual mean δ(18)O-NO(3)(-) were given by 4.5-30.7‰. SIAR was used to estimate the proportional contribution of five potential NO(3)(-) sources (NO(3)(-) in precipitation, NO(3)(-) fertilizer, NH(4)(+) in fertilizer and rain, soil N, and manure and sewage). SIAR showed that "manure and sewage" contributed highest, "soil N", "NO(3)(-) fertilizer" and "NH(4)(+) in fertilizer and rain" contributed middle, and "NO(3)(-) in precipitation" contributed least. The SIAR output can be considered as a "fingerprint" for the NO(3)(-) source contributions. However, the wide range of isotope values observed in surface water and of the NO(3)(-) sources limit its applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xue
- Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Nestler A, Berglund M, Accoe F, Duta S, Xue D, Boeckx P, Taylor P. Isotopes for improved management of nitrate pollution in aqueous resources: review of surface water field studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2011; 18:519-533. [PMID: 21246297 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-010-0422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental agencies have to take measures to either reduce discharges and emissions of nitrate or to remediate nitrate-polluted water bodies where the nitrate concentrations exceed threshold values. Isotope data can support the identification of nitrate pollution sources and natural attenuation processes of nitrate. REVIEW This review article gives an overview of the information available to date regarding nitrate source apportionment in surface waters with the ambition to help improving future studies. Different isotope approaches in combination with physicochemical and hydrological data can successfully be used in source apportionment studies. A sampling strategy needs to be developed based on possible nitrate sources, hydrology and land use. Transformations, transport and mixing processes should also be considered as they can change the isotope composition of the original nitrate source. CONCLUSION Nitrate isotope data interpreted in combination with hydrological and chemical data provide valuable information on the nitrate pollution sources and on the processes nitrate has undergone during its retention and transport in the watershed. This information is useful for the development of an appropriate water management policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Nestler
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440, Geel, Belgium
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18
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Xue D, De Baets B, Vermeulen J, Botte J, Van Cleemput O, Boeckx P. Error assessment of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate as determined via the bacterial denitrification method. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:1979-1984. [PMID: 20552701 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bacterial denitrification is becoming the accepted method for delta(15)N- and delta(18)O-NO(3)(-) determination. However, proper correction methods with international references (USGS32, USGS34 and USGS35) are needed. As a consequence, it is important to realize that the corrected isotope values are derived from a combination of several other measurements with associated uncertainties. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the propagated uncertainty on the final isotope value. This study demonstrates how to correctly estimate the uncertainty on corrected delta(15)N- and delta(18)O-NO(3)(-) values using a first-order Taylor series approximation. The bacterial denitrification method errors from 33 batches of 561 surface water samples varied from 0.2 to 2.1 per thousand for delta(15)N-NO(3)(-) and from 0.7 to 2.3 per thousand for delta(18)O-NO(3)(-), which is slightly wider than the machine error, which varied from 0.2 to 0.6 per thousand for delta(15)N-N(2)O and from 0.4 to 1.0 per thousand for delta(18)O-N(2)O. The overall uncertainties, which are composed of the machine error and the method error, for the 33 batches ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 per thousand for delta(15)N-NO(3)(-) and from 0.8 to 2.5 per thousand for delta(18)O-NO(3)(-). In addition, the mean corrected delta(15)N and delta(18)O values of 132 KNO(3)-IWS (internal working standard) measurements were computed as 8.4 +/- 1.0 per thousand and 25.1 +/- 2.0 per thousand, which is a slight underestimation for delta(15)N and overestimation for delta(18)O compared with the accepted values (delta(15)N = 9.9 +/- 0.3 per thousand and delta(18)O = 24.0 +/- 0.3 per thousand). The overall uncertainty of the bacterial denitrification method allows the use of this method for source identification of NO(3)(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xue
- Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry-ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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19
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Xue D, De Baets B, Botte J, Vermeulen J, Van Cleemput O, Boeckx P. Comparison of the silver nitrate and bacterial denitrification methods for the determination of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate in surface water. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:833-840. [PMID: 20187121 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotope ratios of NO(3) (-) are often used to trace dominant NO(3) (-) pollution sources in water. Both the silver nitrate (AgNO(3)) method and the bacterial denitrification method are frequently used analytical techniques to determine delta(15)N- and delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) in aqueous samples. The AgNO(3) method is applicable for freshwater and requires a concentration of 100-200 micromol of NO(3) (-) for isotope determination. The bacterial denitrification method is applicable for seawater and freshwater and for KCl extracts of soils with a NO(3) (-) concentration as low as 1 micromol. We have carried out a thorough method comparison using 42 real surface water samples having a wide range of delta(15)N- and delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) values and NO(3) (-) concentrations. Various correction pairs using three international references and blanks were used to correct raw delta(15)N- and delta(18)O-NO(3) (-) values. No significant difference between the corrected data was observed when using various correction pairs for each analytical method. Both methods also showed excellent repeatability with high intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The ICC of the AgNO(3) method was 0.992 for delta(15)N and 0.970 for delta(18)O. The ICC of the bacterial denitrification method was 0.995 for delta(15)N and 0.954 for delta(18)O. Moreover, a positive linear relationship with a high correlation coefficient (r >or= 0.88) between the two methods was found for delta(15)N- and delta(18)O-NO(3) (-). The comparability of the methods was assessed by the Bland-Altman technique using 95% limits of agreement. The average difference between results obtained by the bacterial denitrification and the AgNO(3) method for delta(15)N was -1.5 per thousand with 95% limits of agreement -3.6 and +0.5 per thousand. For delta(18)O this was +2.0 per thousand, with 95% limits of agreement -3.3 and +7.3 per thousand. We found that for delta(15)N and for delta(18)O, 97% of the differences fell within these 95% limits of agreement. In conclusion, the AgNO(3) and the bacterial denitrification methods are highly correlated and statistically interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xue
- Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Xue D, Botte J, De Baets B, Accoe F, Nestler A, Taylor P, Van Cleemput O, Berglund M, Boeckx P. Present limitations and future prospects of stable isotope methods for nitrate source identification in surface- and groundwater. Water Res 2009; 43:1159-70. [PMID: 19157489 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3(-)) contamination of surface- and groundwater is an environmental problem in many regions of the world with intensive agriculture and high population densities. Knowledge of the sources of NO3(-) contamination in water is important for better management of water quality. Stable nitrogen (delta15N) and oxygen (delta18O) isotope data of NO3(-) have been frequently used to identify NO3(-) sources in water. This review summarizes typical delta15N- and delta18O-NO3(-) ranges of known NO3(-) sources, interprets constraints and future outlooks to quantify NO3(-) sources, and describes three analytical techniques ("ion-exchange method", "bacterial denitrification method", and "cadmium reduction method") for delta15N- and delta18)O-NO3(-) determination. Isotopic data can provide evidence for the presence of dominant NO3(-) sources. However, quantification, including uncertainty assessment, is lacking when multiple NO3(-) sources are present. Moreover, fractionation processes are often ignored, but may largely constrain the accuracy of NO3(-) source identification. These problems can be overcome if (1) NO3(-) isotopic data are combined with co-migrating discriminators of NO3(-) sources (e.g. (11)B), which are not affected by transformation processes, (2) contributions of different NO3(-) sources can be quantified via linear mixing models (e.g. SIAR), and (3) precise, accurate and high throughput isotope analytical techniques become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xue
- Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry-ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Xu JC, Wang YZ, Xue DM, Xin SZ, Dai RT, Zhang ZL, Cheng X. X-ray findings and pathological basis of bone fluorosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1987; 100:8-16. [PMID: 3109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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22
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Wang YZ, Xu JC, Xue DM. Experimental study of acute suppurative bone and joint infection. II. Suppurative arthritis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1983; 96:907-12. [PMID: 6426884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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23
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Wang YZ, Xu JC, Xue DM, Zhang PY. Experimental study of acute suppurative bone and joint infection. I. Hematogenous osteomyelitis. Chin Med J (Engl) 1983; 96:813-20. [PMID: 6428814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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