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Cerchiara JA, Risques RA, Prunkard D, Smith JR, Kane OJ, Boersma PD. Magellanic penguin telomeres do not shorten with age with increased reproductive effort, investment, and basal corticosterone. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5682-5691. [PMID: 28811878 PMCID: PMC5552965 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All species should invest in systems that enhance longevity; however, a fundamental adult life‐history trade‐off exists between the metabolic resources allocated to maintenance and those allocated to reproduction. Long‐lived species will invest more in reproduction than in somatic maintenance as they age. We investigated this trade‐off by analyzing correlations among telomere length, reproductive effort and output, and basal corticosterone in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus). Telomeres shorten with age in most species studied to date, and may affect adult survival. High basal corticosterone is indicative of stressful conditions. Corticosterone, and stress, has been linked to telomere shortening in other species. Magellanic penguins are a particularly good model organism for this question as they are an unusually long‐lived species, exceeding their mass‐adjusted predicted lifespan by 26%. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found adults aged 5 years to over 24 years of age had similar telomere lengths. Telomeres of adults did not shorten over a 3‐year period, regardless of the age of the individual. Neither telomere length, nor the rate at which the telomeres changed over these 3 years, correlated with breeding frequency or investment. Older females also produced larger volume clutches until approximately 15 years old and larger eggs produced heavier fledglings. Furthermore, reproductive success (chicks fledged/eggs laid) is maintained as females aged. Basal corticosterone, however, was not correlated with telomere length in adults and suggests that low basal corticosterone may play a role in the telomere maintenance we observed. Basal corticosterone also declined during the breeding season and was positively correlated with the age of adult penguins. This higher basal corticosterone in older individuals, and consistent reproductive success, supports the prediction that Magellanic penguins invest more in reproduction as they age. Our results demonstrate that telomere maintenance may be a component of longevity even with increased reproductive effort, investment, and basal corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Cerchiara
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinals Department of BiologyUniversity of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | | | - Donna Prunkard
- Department of Pathology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Jeffrey R Smith
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinals Department of BiologyUniversity of Washington Seattle WA USA.,School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Olivia J Kane
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinals Department of BiologyUniversity of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - P Dee Boersma
- Center for Ecosystem Sentinals Department of BiologyUniversity of Washington Seattle WA USA.,Wildlife Conservation Society The Bronx Zoo New York City, NY USA
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Cerchiara JA, Risques RA, Prunkard D, Smith JR, Kane OJ, Boersma PD. Telomeres shorten and then lengthen before fledging in Magellanic penguins ( Spheniscus magellanicus). Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:487-493. [PMID: 28186493 PMCID: PMC5361676 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For all species, finite metabolic resources must be allocated toward three competing systems: maintenance, reproduction, and growth. Telomeres, the nucleoprotein tips of chromosomes, which shorten with age in most species, are correlated with increased survival. Chick growth is energetically costly and is associated with telomere shortening in most species. To assess the change in telomeres in penguin chicks, we quantified change in telomere length of wild known-age Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) chicks every 15 days during the species' growth period, from hatching to 60 days-of-age. Magellanic penguins continue to grow after fledging so we also sampled a set of 1-year-old juvenile penguins, and adults aged 5 years. Telomeres were significantly shorter on day 15 than on hatch day but returned to their initial length by 30 days old and remained at that length through 60 days of age. The length of telomeres of newly hatched chicks, chicks aged 30, 45 and 60 days, juveniles, and adults aged 5 years were similar. Chicks that fledged and those that died had similar telomere lengths. We show that while telomeres shorten during growth, Magellanic penguins elongate telomeres to their length at hatch, which may increase adult life span and reproductive opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Cerchiara
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rosa Ana Risques
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Donna Prunkard
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Smith
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Olivia J Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - P Dee Boersma
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
- Global Penguin Society, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Wennerström ECM, Risques RA, Prunkard D, Giffen C, Corley DA, Murray LJ, Whiteman DC, Wu AH, Bernstein L, Ye W, Chow WH, Vaughan TL, Liao LM. Leukocyte telomere length in relation to the risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2657-65. [PMID: 27384379 PMCID: PMC5055192 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative damage caused by obesity, cigarette smoking, and chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are major risk factors associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). EAC has been increasing the past few decades, and early discovery and treatment are crucial for survival. Telomere shortening due to cell division and oxidative damage may reflect the impact of chronic inflammation and could possibly be used as predictor for disease development. We examined the prevalence of shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) among individuals with GERD, BE, or EAC using a pooled analysis of studies from the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON). Telomere length was measured in leukocyte DNA samples by Q-PCR. Participants included 1173 patients (386 with GERD, 384 with EAC, 403 with BE) and 736 population-based controls. The association of LTL (in tertiles) along the continuum of disease progression from GERD to BE to EAC was calculated using study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Shorter LTL were less prevalent among GERD patients (OR 0.57; 95% CI: 0.35-0.93), compared to population-based controls. No statistically significant increased prevalence of short/long LTL among individuals with BE or EAC was observed. In contrast to some earlier reports, our findings add to the evidence that leukocyte telomere length is not a biomarker of risk related to the etiology of EAC. The findings do not suggest a relationship between LTL and BE or EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Christina M Wennerström
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosa A Risques
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Donna Prunkard
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research and Oakland Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Liam J Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David C Whiteman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas L Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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McCormick MA, Delaney JR, Tsuchiya M, Tsuchiyama S, Shemorry A, Sim S, Chou ACZ, Ahmed U, Carr D, Murakami CJ, Schleit J, Sutphin GL, Wasko BM, Bennett CF, Wang AM, Olsen B, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, Prunkard D, Johnson SC, Pennypacker JK, An E, Anies A, Castanza AS, Choi E, Dang N, Enerio S, Fletcher M, Fox L, Goswami S, Higgins SA, Holmberg MA, Hu D, Hui J, Jelic M, Jeong KS, Johnston E, Kerr EO, Kim J, Kim D, Kirkland K, Klum S, Kotireddy S, Liao E, Lim M, Lin MS, Lo WC, Lockshon D, Miller HA, Moller RM, Muller B, Oakes J, Pak DN, Peng ZJ, Pham KM, Pollard TG, Pradeep P, Pruett D, Rai D, Robison B, Rodriguez AA, Ros B, Sage M, Singh MK, Smith ED, Snead K, Solanky A, Spector BL, Steffen KK, Tchao BN, Ting MK, Vander Wende H, Wang D, Welton KL, Westman EA, Brem RB, Liu XG, Suh Y, Zhou Z, Kaeberlein M, Kennedy BK. A Comprehensive Analysis of Replicative Lifespan in 4,698 Single-Gene Deletion Strains Uncovers Conserved Mechanisms of Aging. Cell Metab 2015; 22:895-906. [PMID: 26456335 PMCID: PMC4862740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many genes that affect replicative lifespan (RLS) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae also affect aging in other organisms such as C. elegans and M. musculus. We performed a systematic analysis of yeast RLS in a set of 4,698 viable single-gene deletion strains. Multiple functional gene clusters were identified, and full genome-to-genome comparison demonstrated a significant conservation in longevity pathways between yeast and C. elegans. Among the mechanisms of aging identified, deletion of tRNA exporter LOS1 robustly extended lifespan. Dietary restriction (DR) and inhibition of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) exclude Los1 from the nucleus in a Rad53-dependent manner. Moreover, lifespan extension from deletion of LOS1 is nonadditive with DR or mTOR inhibition, and results in Gcn4 transcription factor activation. Thus, the DNA damage response and mTOR converge on Los1-mediated nuclear tRNA export to regulate Gcn4 activity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A McCormick
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Joe R Delaney
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Tsuchiya
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Scott Tsuchiyama
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Anna Shemorry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sylvia Sim
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Umema Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Carr
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Schleit
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - George L Sutphin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brian M Wasko
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christopher F Bennett
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adrienne M Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brady Olsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard P Beyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Theodor K Bammler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Donna Prunkard
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Simon C Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Elroy An
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Arieanna Anies
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Anthony S Castanza
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eunice Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nick Dang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shiena Enerio
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Marissa Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lindsay Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarani Goswami
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sean A Higgins
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Molly A Holmberg
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Di Hu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Hui
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Monika Jelic
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ki-Soo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elijah Johnston
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily O Kerr
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jin Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Diana Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katie Kirkland
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shannon Klum
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Soumya Kotireddy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eric Liao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael S Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Winston C Lo
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dan Lockshon
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Hillary A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard M Moller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brian Muller
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan Oakes
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Diana N Pak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhao Jun Peng
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kim M Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tom G Pollard
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Prarthana Pradeep
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dillon Pruett
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dilreet Rai
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brett Robison
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ariana A Rodriguez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Bopharoth Ros
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Sage
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Erica D Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katie Snead
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amrita Solanky
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin L Spector
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kristan K Steffen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bie Nga Tchao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marc K Ting
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Helen Vander Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dennis Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - K Linnea Welton
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eric A Westman
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rachel B Brem
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Aging Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yousin Suh
- Aging Research Institute, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, P.R. China; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Duggan C, Risques R, Alfano C, Prunkard D, Imayama I, Holte S, Baumgartner K, Baumgartner R, Bernstein L, Ballard-Barbash R, Rabinovitch P, McTiernan A. Change in peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length and mortality in breast cancer survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju035. [PMID: 24627273 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive telomere shortening with cell division is a hallmark of aging. Short telomeres are associated with increased cancer risk, but there are conflicting reports about telomere length and mortality in breast cancer survivors. METHODS We measured peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length at two time points in women enrolled in a multiethnic, prospective cohort of stage I to stage IIIA breast cancer survivors diagnosed between 1995 and 1999 with a median follow-up of 11.2 years. We evaluated associations between telomere length measured at mean 6 (baseline; LTL0; n = 611) and 30 months (LTL30; n = 478) after diagnosis and the change between those time points (n = 478), with breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for possible confounders. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS There were 135 deaths, of which 74 were due to breast cancer. Neither baseline nor 30-month telomere length was associated with either all-cause or breast cancer-specific mortality (LTL0: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67 to 1.02; HR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.15; LTL30: HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.05; HR = 0.86; 95% = CI = 0.58 to 1.26, respectively). However, participants whose telomeres shortened between baseline and 30 months were at a statistically significantly increased risk of breast cancer-specific (HR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.11 to 8.18) and all-cause mortality (HR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.28 to 4.39) compared with participants whose telomeres lengthened. When follow-up was censored at 5-years after diagnosis, LTL0 (HR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.96), LTL30 (HR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.92), and change in telomere length (HR = 3.45; 95% CI = 1.11 to 10.75) were statistically significantly associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Telomere shortening was associated with increased risk of breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, suggesting that change in blood telomere length over time could be a biomarker of prognosis. Research on determinants of telomere length and change is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duggan
- Affiliations of authors: Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (CD, II, SH, AM); Department of Pathology (RR, DP, PR), Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (AM), and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (RR, DP, PR, AM); Office of Cancer Survivorship (CA) and Applied Research Program (RB-B), National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY (KB, RB); Department of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA (LB)
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Lin SW, Abnet CC, Freedman ND, Murphy G, Risques R, Prunkard D, Rabinovitch P, Pan QJ, Roth MJ, Wang GQ, Wei WQ, Lu N, Taylor PR, Qiao YL, Dawsey SM. Measuring telomere length for the early detection of precursor lesions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:578. [PMID: 24308314 PMCID: PMC3882883 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide; current early detection screening tests are inadequate. Esophageal balloon cytology successfully retrieves exfoliated and scraped superficial esophageal epithelial cells, but cytologic reading of these cells has poor sensitivity and specificity for detecting esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD), the precursor lesion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Measuring telomere length, a marker for chromosomal instability, may improve the utility of balloon cytology for detecting ESD and early ESCC. Methods We examined balloon cytology specimens from 89 asymptomatic cases of ESD (37 low-grade and 52 high-grade) and 92 age- and sex-matched normal controls from an esophageal cancer early detection screening study. All subjects also underwent endoscopy and biopsy, and ESD was diagnosed histopathologically. DNA was extracted from the balloon cytology cells, and telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for telomere length as a diagnostic marker for high-grade dysplasia. Results Telomere lengths were comparable among the low- and high-grade dysplasia cases and controls, with means of 0.96, 0.96, and 0.92, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.55 for telomere length as a diagnostic marker for high-grade dysplasia. Further adjustment for subject characteristics, including sex, age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, and body mass index did not improve the use of telomere length as a marker for ESD. Conclusions Telomere length of esophageal balloon cytology cells was not associated with ESCC precursor lesions. Therefore, telomere length shows little promise as an early detection marker for ESCC in esophageal balloon samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wen Lin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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7
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Lin SW, Abnet CC, Freedman ND, Risques R, Prunkard D, Rabinovitch P, Lu N, Qiao YL, Dawsey SM. Abstract 1165: Measuring telomere length for the early detection of precursor lesions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Esophageal cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The five-year survival is approximately 16%. Patients can be successfully treated if diagnosed early, but current early detection screening tests are inadequate. Balloon cytology is a simple and inexpensive method of retrieving esophageal cells, but traditional cytologic examination of these cells has poor sensitivity and specificity. We examined whether telomere length, a marker for chromosomal instability, in DNA extracted from balloon cytology-collected esophageal cells is associated with precursor lesions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods: The Cytology Sampling Study 2, a population-based esophageal cancer early detection screening study, recruited over 700 healthy subjects from a high-risk population in Linxian, China. The screening study used a mesh-covered balloon to collect esophageal cells. All subjects underwent endoscopy, and precursor lesions were diagnosed by biopsy. Using a nested case-control study design, we examined the association between telomere length and dysplasia in 37 low-grade dysplasia cases, 52 high-grade dysplasia cases, and 92 matched controls. DNA was extracted from cells collected by balloon cytology, and telomere length was measured in triplicate by a quantitative PCR assay. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking tobacco, alcohol intake, and hypertension were used to examine the association between telomere length and risk of low-grade dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia, compared with normal controls.
Results: Telomere lengths were comparable among the low-grade dysplasia cases, high-grade dysplasia cases, and controls, with a median of 0.93 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.84-1.06], 0.94 (IQR, 0.82-1.09), and 0.93 (IQR, 0.78-1.05), respectively. Overall, telomere length was not associated with risk of low-grade dysplasia or high-grade dysplasia, with an odds ratio [OR, 95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.16 (0.87-1.54) and 1.20 (0.92-1.56), respectively.
Conclusions: Given that esophageal cancers have very poor prognoses, it is of utmost importance to improve early detection. In this study, esophageal cell telomere length was not associated with esophageal precursor lesions and cannot serve as an early detection marker.
Citation Format: Shih-Wen Lin, Christian C. Abnet, Neal D. Freedman, Rosana Risques, Donna Prunkard, Peter Rabinovitch, Ning Lu, You-Lin Qiao, Sanford M. Dawsey. Measuring telomere length for the early detection of precursor lesions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1165. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1165
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Lu
- 3Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- 3Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vasudevan K, Hernandez A, Lai Z, Xiao Y, Guan N, Hardy C, Godin R, Denz C, Ye M, Lenkiewicz E, Savage S, Barrett MT, Prunkard D, Rabinovitch P, Basik M, Przybytkowski E, Webster K, Zinda M, Jenkins EL. Abstract 3133: Identification and functional validation of novel genetically-linked breast cancer targets through pooled gain-of-function screening. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types, with greater than 450,000 deaths reported per year worldwide. Through genome wide sequencing efforts, multiple genetic alterations have been identified, including mutations and amplifications in genes such as v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) as well as novel genomic rearrangements such as the recently identified MAGI3-AKT3 fusion. Now that breast cancer can be characterized to an unprecedented level, one of the key challenges remaining is to identify and distinguish critical ‘driver’ events responsible for tumor progression, from neutral ‘passenger’ lesions. In order to achieve this, we utilized high resolution aCGH analysis of 50 purified breast cancer samples (made up of Her2+, estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and triple negative tumors with variable responses to SOC regimens), in combination with a Gain-of-Function transformation screen to identify and validate novel breast targets. 158 genomic regions were found to be recurrently amplified, consisting of 759 genes in total. The top 32 focally amplified genes, along with 12 cancer-relevant mutant alleles were prioritized and a library generated utilizing the pTRIPZ-tetracycline regulated inducible lentiviral vector system. These 44 genes were subsequently combined into 16 different target pools (5-13 targets per pool, co-expressing genes that were co-amplified in the same clinical specimen) and evaluated for their ability to transform immortalized breast epithelial MCF10A cells (both wild-type and p53 -/- cells). Through this screening approach, p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) was identified, whose kinase activity was required to robustly transform MCF10A cells through regulating multiple signalling pathways including MAPK. Several other putative oncogenes were also identified and will be presented here, including the glycosyltransferse asparagine-linked glycosylation 8 (ALG8). Interestingly, PAK1 and ALG8 are co-amplified in both breast (8%) and ovarian cancers (11%). Our target validation studies have suggested that ALG8 can support PAK1-induced transformation, as dramatic suppression of soft-agar colony growth was seen in co-amplified breast cancer cell lines upon combined siRNA treatment to both targets. Thus, this combined high resolution aCGH profiling and functional screening approach has enabled the successful identification of novel oncogenic targets in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Krishna Vasudevan, Axel Hernandez, Zhongwu Lai, Yonghong Xiao, Nin Guan, Carolyn Hardy, Robert Godin, Christopher Denz, Minwei Ye, Elizabeth Lenkiewicz, Stephanie Savage, Michael T. Barrett, Donna Prunkard, Peter Rabinovitch, Mark Basik, Ewa Przybytkowski, Kevin Webster, Michael Zinda, Emma-Louise Jenkins. Identification and functional validation of novel genetically-linked breast cancer targets through pooled gain-of-function screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3133. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3133
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nin Guan
- 1AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA
| | | | | | | | - Minwei Ye
- 1AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Basik
- 4McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Persson EC, Liao LM, Risques R, Prunkard D, Giffen C, Chow WH, Vaughan TL. Abstract 27: Telomere length in relation to the risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.gwas-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Repeated injury of the esophagus by chronic gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is associated with the development of Barrett's esophagus (BE), a condition in which the squamous epithelium is replaced by a metaplastic columnar epithelium. A proportion of individuals diagnosed with BE progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which has considerably increased in incidence in many Western countries over the past four decades. Major risk factors associated with BE and EAC, such as obesity, smoking and gastroesophageal reflux (GER), are all contributors to the presence of chronic inflammation and oxidative damage. Unlike other areas of the chromosome that have effective repair systems to deal with oxidative damage, telomeres are not as well maintained and telomere length may reflect the impact of chronic inflammation. We investigated whether leukocyte telomere length was associated with BE or EAC risk compared to population-based controls in a pooled analysis of seven studies from the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON).
Methods: Telomere length was measured by quantitative-PCR using leukocyte DNA samples. Participants included 1,198 cases (395 with EAC, 403 with BE, 400 with GER) and 749 population-based controls. The association of telomere length (in tertiles) along the continuum of disease progression from GER to BE to EAC was calculated using study-specific odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI and education. Summary risk estimates were obtained using a random effects meta-analysis models.
Results: Shorter telomeres were associated with decreased risks of EAC (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.47-1.48) and BE (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.46-1.01), when compared to population-based controls, though not statistically significant. In addition, subjects with shorter telomeres were associated with a decreased risk of GER (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.18-1.01), compared to population-based controls.
Conclusion: Telomere length may play a role in the progression from chronic reflux to BE and EAC.
Citation Format: E. Christina Persson, Linda M. Liao, Rosana Risques, Donna Prunkard, Carol Giffen, Wong-Ho Chow, Thomas L. Vaughan, on behalf of the Barrett's Esophagus, Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) Investigators. Telomere length in relation to the risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr 27.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Christina Persson
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3Information Management Services, Bethesda, MD, 4UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Linda M. Liao
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3Information Management Services, Bethesda, MD, 4UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Rosana Risques
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3Information Management Services, Bethesda, MD, 4UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Donna Prunkard
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3Information Management Services, Bethesda, MD, 4UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Carol Giffen
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3Information Management Services, Bethesda, MD, 4UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3Information Management Services, Bethesda, MD, 4UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 3Information Management Services, Bethesda, MD, 4UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 5Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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Blumberg H, Conklin D, Xu WF, Grossmann A, Brender T, Carollo S, Eagan M, Foster D, Haldeman BA, Hammond A, Haugen H, Jelinek L, Kelly JD, Madden K, Maurer MF, Parrish-Novak J, Prunkard D, Sexson S, Sprecher C, Waggie K, West J, Whitmore TE, Yao L, Kuechle MK, Dale BA, Chandrasekher YA. Interleukin 20: discovery, receptor identification, and role in epidermal function. Cell 2001; 104:9-19. [PMID: 11163236 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A structural, profile-based algorithm was used to identify interleukin 20 (IL-20), a novel IL-10 homolog. Chromosomal localization of IL-20 led to the discovery of an IL-10 family cytokine cluster. Overexpression of IL-20 in transgenic (TG) mice causes neonatal lethality with skin abnormalities including aberrant epidermal differentiation. Recombinant IL-20 protein stimulates a signal transduction pathway through STAT3 in a keratinocyte cell line, demonstrating a direct action of this ligand. An IL-20 receptor was identified as a heterodimer of two orphan class II cytokine receptor subunits. Both receptor subunits are expressed in skin and are dramatically upregulated in psoriatic skin. Taken together, these results demonstrate a role in epidermal function and psoriasis for IL-20, a novel cytokine identified solely by bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blumberg
- Department of Genetics, ZymoGenetics, Inc., 1201 Eastlake Avenue E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
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Prunkard D, Cottingham I, Garner I, Bruce S, Dalrymple M, Lasser G, Bishop P, Foster D. High-level expression of recombinant human fibrinogen in the milk of transgenic mice. Nat Biotechnol 1996; 14:867-71. [PMID: 9631012 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0796-867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a complex plasma protein composed of two each of three different polypeptide chains. We have targeted expression of r-human fibrinogen to the mammary gland of transgenic mice. Three expression cassettes, each containing the genomic sequence for one of the three human fibrinogen chains controlled by sheep whey protein beta-lactoglobulin promoter sequences, were coinjected into fertile mouse eggs. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that more than 80% of the transgenic founders contained all three fibrinogen genes. Reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of milk from the highest producing founder animal demonstrated the presence of human fibrinogen subunits at concentrations of 2000 micrograms/ml. In several animals with a balanced ratio of the individual fibrinogen subunits, up to 100% of the protein was incorporated into fully assembled fibrinogen hexamers. Incubation of the transgenic milk with thrombin and factor XIII resulted in a cross-linked fibrin clot, indicating that a major portion of the secreted fibrinogen was functional. These studies represent the first report of high-level biosynthesis and secretion of a functional, complex, hexameric protein in the milk of a transgenic animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prunkard
- ZymoGenetics, Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Busby SJ, Mulvihill E, Rao D, Kumar AA, Lioubin P, Heipel M, Sprecher C, Halfpap L, Prunkard D, Gambee J. Expression of recombinant human plasminogen in mammalian cells is augmented by suppression of plasmin activity. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:15286-92. [PMID: 1831201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present evidence that over-expression of human plasminogen, the precursor to the serine protease plasmin, can be cytotoxic to mammalian cells. When an expression vector containing plasminogen cDNA is transfected into baby hamster kidney cells, the number of drug-resistant colonies as well as the levels of plasminogen secreted by those colonies is lower than observed in similar transfections of other protease precursor genes. The recombinant plasminogen accumulates intracellularly as degraded NH2-terminal fragments. In contrast, a mutant of plasminogen that produces inactive plasmin (active site Ser740 changed to Ala) is synthesized by these cells as a full-length plasminogen molecule, and the colony numbers and expression levels are normal. Thus, the generation of plasmin activity is responsible for the cytotoxic phenomena and the degradation associated with plasminogen expression. In addition, experiments using a plasminogen mutant that cannot be activated to plasmin (activation cleavage site Arg560 to Gly) or using coexpression of antisense urokinase RNA indicate that an endogenous plasminogen activator is responsible for converting newly synthesized plasminogen to plasmin. Finally, coexpression of plasminogen with alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, a serpin which is the physiologic inhibitor of plasmin, prevents the toxic effects of intracellular plasmin activity and allows the synthesis and secretion of native human plasminogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Busby
- ZymoGenetics Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98105
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Busby S, Mulvihill E, Rao D, Kumar A, Lioubin P, Heipel M, Sprecher C, Halfpap L, Prunkard D, Gambee J. Expression of recombinant human plasminogen in mammalian cells is augmented by suppression of plasmin activity. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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