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Budak L, Negovetić Vranić D, Vranić L. Assessment of dental students' knowledge of infection control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Dent Educ 2024; 28:679-688. [PMID: 38379161 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, new guidelines for dental practice were published. This research aims to examine the knowledge of dental students and their attitudes towards current guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 76 fourth-year dental medicine students from three public universities in Croatia. A survey questionnaire was developed based on in-depth interviews and a pilot pretesting. The online questionnaire consisting of 36 questions was published using Google Forms. The survey data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and presented with descriptive statistics. RESULTS Survey data showed the dental students' knowledge of the guidelines for dental practices is at an insufficient level (average score of 67% correct answers). Students who have come across the guidelines outside the faculty environment through assistantships have demonstrated lesser knowledge (65%) of the guidelines than the ones who do not (68%). A similar trend is observed with dental students who grew up in a family of doctors of dental medicine (61%) and ones who did not (68%). Students also independently assessed their knowledge of the guidelines as moderate (3.15 out of 5), while evaluating the application of current guidelines as very important (4.38 out of 5). CONCLUSION Awareness of dental students should be improved by adapting the curriculum of dental studies and increasing the availability of information on current guidelines. Dental students need to be motivated to independently inform themselves about the current guidelines for dental practices, thus improving their clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Budak
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Vranić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Vucelić V, Bratić V, Negovetić Vranić D, Tambić Andrašević A, Degoricija V, Mihaljević Z, Ramić S, Piteša Košutić I, Šimunović L, Špiljak B, Brailo V. Understanding and Practices of Oral Hygiene in the Intensive Care Units: Perspectives of Medical Staff at Two University Hospital Centers. Acta Stomatol Croat 2024; 58:85-93. [PMID: 38562223 PMCID: PMC10981905 DOI: 10.15644/asc58/1/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study assesses the knowledge, practices, and attitudes of medical staff in intensive care units (ICUs) regarding oral hygiene care for critically ill, bedridden patients. Material and methods A cross-sectional study included 65 employees from the Intensive Care Units of the Sestre Milosrdnice Clinical Hospital Centre (CHC SM) and the Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at the University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb (CHC ZG). A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, methods, frequency, and attitudes towards oral care for mechanically ventilated patients. The data were examined through descriptive statistical methods, presented in terms of proportions (percentages). For the purpose of comparing the feedback across the two hospital centers and different educational backgrounds, the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed. Results Results of a survey of 65 participants (18 from CHC SM and 47 from CHC ZG) revealed a notable disparity in oral hygiene knowledge, with graduate nurses displaying the highest proportion of adequate knowledge (100%) and regular nurses showing the least (30.3%) (p<.001). Although the execution of oral care practices did not vary significantly among the groups, graduate nurses performed oral care more frequently (80% vs. baccalaureate technicians 33.33% and nurses 57.6%, three or more times a day) and demonstrated better proficiency in both mechanical (p=.005) and chemical (p<.001) biofilm management compared to their counterparts. No significant difference was observed in the delivery of oral care to orotracheally intubated patients across different educational levels (p=.127). However, a marked difference was noted in the perception of being adequately trained for such care, with nurses feeling less prepared (12.1%, p<.001). Despite these variances, all respondents recognized the importance of oral hygiene, thus showing a strong dedication to oral health care. Conclusions: This study highlights variability in ICU oral hygiene practices and points to the importance of standardized care protocols and improved training for healthcare staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Vucelić
- Intensive Care Unit of the University Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”
| | - Vesna Bratić
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinic for Dentistry, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb
| | - Arjana Tambić Andrašević
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- Intensive Care Unit of the University Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatan Mihaljević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Oncological Pathology and Clinical Cytology “Ljudevit Jurak”, University Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”
| | - Ivana Piteša Košutić
- Intensive Care Unit of the University Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre “Sestre milosrdnice”
| | - Luka Šimunović
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Špiljak
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlaho Brailo
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinic for Dentistry, University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb
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Šimunović L, Špiljak B, Vranić L, Negovetić Vranić D. Treatment priorities and arrival time of traumatic dental injuries-An 8-year retrospective study. Dent Traumatol 2024; 40:11-21. [PMID: 37750007 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Most of the previous studies in the available literature discussed the time of arrival in general to the healthcare system, while a minority studied the relationship between the type of trauma and arrival. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the arrival time of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) depending on the urgency of treatment according to Andreasen. MATERIALS AND METHODS This 8-year retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Dental Clinic in Zagreb, Croatia. Andreasen's classification was used to define the kind of TDI as well as to divide them by the need for urgent treatment or treatment priorities in three groups: acute, subacute, and delayed. RESULTS The sample consisted of 1040 children (59% male and 41% female) with a median age of 7. Each year, the age group most affected by TDIs was 6-12 years old. While there is a general increase in the prevalence of TDIs overall, there is a decline in TDIs among children aged 6-12 and an increase among preschoolers and adolescents (below 6 and above 12 years old). Throughout the years, 52.73% red/acute and 41.16% yellow/subacute TDIs were not treated on time due to delayed arrival. More patients from Zagreb come in the first 24 h, while more patients from outside Zagreb come to the clinic a month or more after their injuries. Patients which suffered TDI accompanied with soft-tissue injury arrived sooner. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to introduce monitoring and education of patients under the age of 6 and over 12, as well as their parents/caregivers. New programs should be implemented and new referent centers that specialize in treating TDIs outside of Zagreb should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šimunović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Špiljak
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Vranić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Šanjug J, Kuna K, Goldštajn MŠ, Dunkić LF, Carek A, Negovetić Vranić D. Relationship between COMT Gene Polymorphism, Anxiety, and Pain Perception during Labour. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6298. [PMID: 37834942 PMCID: PMC10573766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COMT gene polymorphism is associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders and pain perception. The present study investigates the existence of anxiety and pain perception in relation to the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene polymorphism in labouring women (during "natural" childbirth) with or without inhaled analgesia. METHODS A total of 181 women who chose vaginal birth were enrolled in this study. To present the difference in pain perception, the parturients were divided into one group (n = 90) that chose labour analgesia with inhaled nitrous oxide (50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen) and one group (n = 91) without analgesia. The blood samples were taken during the pregnancy as a part of routine pregnancy controls in the hospital. The COMT gene polymorphism was detected with the PCR technique. The pain perception of parturients was self-evaluated two times according to the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), and anxiety as a personality trait was determined with the STAI-T (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Pain perception as well as anxiety were compared according to COMT genotypes. RESULTS In the 181 pregnant women, there were 40 women (22%) of wild homozygotes (GG) of COMT, 95 women (53%) of mutant heterozygotes (GA), and 46 women (25%) of mutant homozygotes (AA). A negative association of pain perception with the GA (mutant heterozygote) polymorphism of the COMT gene versus the wild-type (GG polymorphism) was observed. The GA polymorphism of the COMT gene was associated with 0.46 units lower pain perception compared to the wild type (GG). The anxiety trait score in group AA was lower than in groups GA and GG. The difference reached statistical significance only when comparing AA versus GA (p > 0.042). Analgesic efficacy of nitrous oxide was noticed in 22% of labouring women who reported moderate pain (VAS score 4-7). CONCLUSIONS The COMT gene polymorphism was associated with pain perception and anxiety among parturients. The COMT gene polymorphism GA was associated with negative pain perception among labouring women. Nitrous oxide showed statistical significance in anxiolytic efficacy during labour in women with mild anxiety as a personality trait. Anxiolytic efficacy of nitrous oxide has shown better efficacy in parturients with the COMT gene polymorphism AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Šanjug
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Zabok and War Veterans’ Hospital, Bračak 8, 49210 Zabok, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Kuna
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marina Šprem Goldštajn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Fumić Dunkić
- Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Andreja Carek
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Trutina Gavran M, Željezić D, Vranić L, Negovetić Vranić D, Grabarević L, Jurić-Kaćunarić D, Tadin A, Šegović S, Galić N. Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of Modern Dental Materials in vivo. Acta Stomatol Croat 2023; 57:216-228. [PMID: 37808410 PMCID: PMC10557110 DOI: 10.15644/asc57/3/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the biocompatibility of modern composite and amalgam dental fillings. Material and Methods The research was conducted on 150 healthy patients between the ages of 10 and 20 who had amalgam and composite fillings between 6 and 12 months. Under in vivo conditions, a swab of buccal cells near the fillings was taken, and the cytotoxic and genotoxic impact of composite and amalgam fillings on these cells was analyzed using the extended micronucleus test (cytomeassay). Results The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups of subjects with amalgam and composite fillings and subjects without fillings for the following parameters: number of micronuclei (p=0.006), number of buds (p<0.001), number of binuclear cells (p<0.001), number of nucleoplasmic bridges (p<0.001).The number of micronuclei was statistically significantly higher in the group of subjects with amalgam and composite fillings compared to the group without fillings. The results for nuclear buds, for the number of binuclear cells and the number of nucleoplasmic bridges showed that the group with amalgam fillings had a statistically significantly higher number of these changes compared to other groups.The results of the analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the micronucleus test and the number of amalgam and composite surfaces did not show statistically significant values. Parameters indicating cell cytotoxicity were not statistically significantly elevated in subjects with fillings. The results of the analysis of the influence of the patients' lifestyle on the results of the micronucleus test showed statistically significant results for certain predictors (diagnostic X-ray radiation, coffee consumption, consumption of cooked, dried meat and baked food). Conclusion Based on the results, it can be concluded that the buccal cells of subjects with amalgam fillings showed the highest degree of genotoxic changes, followed by those with composite fillings and the least buccal cells of patients without fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Trutina Gavran
- Department of Morphology and Anthropology, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Davor Željezić
- Division for Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Vranić
- School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Sanja Šegović
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Galić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Kvesić AJ, Hrelja M, Lovrić Ž, Šimunović L, Špiljak B, Supina N, Vranić L, Vranić DN. Possible Risk Factors for Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Who Suffered Traumatic Dental Injury. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:190. [PMID: 37623286 PMCID: PMC10453853 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who undergo painful experiences such as traumatic dental injury (TDI) during their early years are more likely to be at an increased risk of developing dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for DFA of these children. METHODS The study participants were 220 parents/caregivers and their children who experienced TDI. Their socio-demographic backgrounds were investigated with the modified WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Children that included questions about parents' knowledge and attitudes, while the DFA level was determined using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S Index) was used to assess oral hygiene status. RESULTS The confirmed risk factors are parental knowledge, female gender, and degree of oral hygiene and pain in the last three months, while age, type of TDI, presence of soft-tissue injury, and number of subjective complaints were not confirmed. The overall model predicted approximately 54% of variance in DFA, R2 = 0.545, F (4.215) = 64.28 p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasise the importance of addressing pain management, improving oral hygiene, and enhancing parental knowledge to mitigate DFA in children with TDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miroslav Hrelja
- Private Dental Office, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.K.); (M.H.); (Ž.L.)
| | - Željka Lovrić
- Private Dental Office, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.J.K.); (M.H.); (Ž.L.)
| | - Luka Šimunović
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Špiljak
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Nika Supina
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Lara Vranić
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Šimunović L, Špiljak B, Radulović M, Vlahovljak A, Ostojić M, Krlev J, Ibrahimpašić A, Vranić L, Negovetić Vranić D. Relationship between Children's and Parents' Dental Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Six European Countries. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:209. [PMID: 36354654 PMCID: PMC9689463 DOI: 10.3390/dj10110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between children’s and parents’ dental anxiety. Methods: 731 children of different ages and their parents from six European countries participated in this study. Dental anxiety was investigated through an online questionnaire, which consisted of general questions and the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS), which is a questionnaire that measures respondents’ reactions on a 5-point scale for four different situations. Results: CDAS results were calculated for all children and their parents. A total of 12.5% of children from Croatia, 26.67% from Macedonia, 10.94% from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 20.31% from Montenegro, 23.08% from Slovenia and 16.10% from Serbia showed a high level of anxiety. The correlation between dental anxiety of parents and children was 0.4 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Parents with negative experience from a dental office can have a bad effect on their child’s behaviour, which results in the creation of a non-active patient. Due to the clear and existing cause-and-effect relationship of dental anxiety in children and parents, it is extremely important to educate parents about the proper psychological approach to children in order to promote positive experiences from dental offices, as well as to emphasize the importance of regular visits to the dentist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šimunović
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Špiljak
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milica Radulović
- Department of Dental Morphology and Gnathology, Dental Medicine Studies, Medical Faculty in Podgorica, University of Montenegro, 8290 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Adna Vlahovljak
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihailo Ostojić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - Jovan Krlev
- School of Dentistry Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Lara Vranić
- School of Dental Medicine Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Reić T, Galić T, Negovetić Vranić D. Retention and caries-preventive effect of four different sealant materials: A 2-year prospective split-mouth study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:449-457. [PMID: 34664337 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this observational split-mouth study was to compare the retention and caries protective effect of four different sealant materials in children aged 6-13 years during a 2-year follow-up period. DESIGN Eighty children were included in this study, which was conducted in Blato (Korčula island), Croatia. Each participant received at least two different sealant materials on caries-free permanent molars in two different quadrants. Sealant materials (M1 - glass-ionomer cement; M2, M4 - resin-based filled sealants; M3 - resin-based unfilled sealant) were delivered in a random order. RESULTS The results of this study showed that M2 (30 teeth, 46.2%) and M4 (27 teeth, 46.6%) showed statistically significantly higher number of teeth with total retention after 2-year follow-up period, in comparison with M1 (10 teeth, 19.2%) or M3 (12 teeth, 20.7%) (p < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in caries occurrence between different groups in which the sealant material was totally retained. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, filled resin-based sealant materials showed better retention during the 2-year follow-up period while both resin-based and glass-ionomer sealants demonstrated protection against dental caries if totally retained on the occlusal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Reić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Galić
- Department of Prosthodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Komar D, Bago I, Negovetić Vranić D, Kranjčić J, Brkić B, Carek A. Influence of Different Surface Pretreatments of Zirconium Dioxide Reinforced Lithium Disilicate Ceramics on the Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement. Acta Stomatol Croat 2021; 55:264-279. [PMID: 34658373 PMCID: PMC8514231 DOI: 10.15644/asc55/3/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To analyze the influence of different surface pretreatments of zirconium dioxide reinforced lithium disilicate ceramics on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and methods Eighty-four zirconium reinforced lithium disilicate disc Vita suprinity (Vita Zahnfabrick, Bad Säckingen, Germany) 14x12x2 mm specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The specimens were embedded in acrylic resin blocks and randomly divided in seven groups (n=12/each) accorrding to the treatment: Group 1- 10% hydrofluoric acid; Group 2- silane; Group 3- hydrofluoric and silane; Group 4- sandblasting with silane; Group 5- Er: YAG laser+ silane; Group 6- Nd: YAG laser + silane; and the control group, in which the specimens were not treated. Round shape composite discs (Filtek Bulk fill, 3M ESPE, St.Paul, Minnesota, USA) with 3.5 mm diameter, were made for shear bond strength testing, and then cemented to the ceramic sample surface using composite cement (RelyX U200 Automix, 3M ESPE, Neuss, Germany). After cementing the composite disc on the sample, the samples were subjected to shear bond strength test of 10 N with a “stress rate” of 1 MPa / s. To determine the nature of the fracture (adhesive, cohesive or adhesive-cohesive), the broken samples were examined under a stereomicroscope. The ANOVA test and the Tukey test were used to compare the values of the bond strength characteristics between different types of materials. All tests were performed with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results There was a significant difference in the shear bond strength of self-adhesive cement to dental lithium-disilicate ceramics reinforced with zirconium dioxide after different preparation protocols (p<0, 05). The treatment of lithium disilicate ceramics reinforced with zirconium dioxide by silanization, sandblasting + silanization, Nd: YAG + silanization resulted in significantly higher bond strength compared to the control group. There was statistically higher bond strength of self-adhesive cement after pretreatment of lithium disilicate ceramics Nd: YAG + silanization compared to Er: YAG + silanization (p <0.05). Adhesive fracture dominated in the control group, sandblasting + silanization group, and in the laser groups, while mixed fracture dominated in other groups. Conclusion Under the limitations of this study, the Nd:YAG irradiation with silanization could be used as pretreatment for providing greater shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconium reinforced lithium disilicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Komar
- - Dental Polyclinic Zagreb, Department of Prosthodontics, Zagreb
| | - Ivona Bago
- - School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- - School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Children's and Preventive Dentistry
| | - Josip Kranjčić
- - School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Fixed
| | - Bruna Brkić
- - Split-Dalmatia County Health Center, Split, Croatia
| | - Andreja Carek
- - School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Department of Fixed
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Fetai A, Debeljak V, Kovačević Pavičić D, Ivančić Jokić N, Negovetić Vranić D, Kovač Z, Komar D, Verzak Ž. Self-Massage and Low-Level Laser in Treatment of Masseter Myalgia: Short-Term Effect. Psychiatr Danub 2021; 33:63-70. [PMID: 34672274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore the efficiency of massage in the treatment of masseter myalgia compared with biostimulatory laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS The instrument Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was used to select subjects and monitor treatment outcome. 54 subjects with masseter myalgia of more than 3 months in duration were invited to participated and 42 cases were available at the end and analyzed. Age range was 16-67 years (median 33, interquartile range 25-53), 36% subjects was ≥40 years and there were 62% females in both groups. Both treatment groups (self-massage and laser) had 21 participants and were monitored one months after the start of treatment. Age, gender, distress, somatization, catastrophizing, hypervigilance, health competence and oral parafunctions were also assessed as factors that could influence effectiveness of treatment. RESULTS Laser and massage are effective in reducing symptoms of chronic myalgia of the masseter in self-reported limitation of jaw function and reducing pain intensities (p<0.001). Increase of mouth opening was present in both groups, but mainly significant in laser group. The differences in the amount of change between groups were not significant. Psychological characteristics and parafunctions, present before the treatment, age and gender did not have major affect the effectiveness of treatment. CONCLUSION Both treatment modalities are effective in treatment of chronic myalgia in short-term.
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Cebalo N, Bašić Kes V, Urlić I, Karlović Z, Negovetić Vranić D. The Effect of Transcoutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Pain Control during Dental Procedure in Children 9-14 Years Old. Psychiatr Danub 2021; 33:1316-1319. [PMID: 35503949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological method widely used by medical specialists to manage acute and chronic pain in different circumstances. It can be used to manage pain during many dental procedures, as well as pain due to various conditions affecting the maxillofacial region. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the clinical research evidence for the analgetic application of TENS in pediatric patients. The hypothesis was that TENS device will achieve analgetic effect on teeth during dental procedure. METHODS This study included 125 patients treated at the School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb clinic during two-year period. After diagnosis of caries and need for restorative treatment, patients were randomly selected in three groups. Group 1 received local anesthesia, group 2 had no anesthesia and group 3 used TENS device. Level of pain was measured with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Research was conducted by one therapist that was calibrated. RESULTS We found no statistically significant difference between TENS group and group without anesthesia(p>0.05). CONCLUSION TENS device is not as efficient in achieving analgetic impact during dental procedure as local anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cebalo
- Community Health Center Zagreb-West, Postgraduate studies student, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Cebalo N, Negovetić Vranić D, Bašić Kes V. The Effect of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Anxiety and Fear in Children Aged 9-14 Years. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:412-419. [PMID: 33642605 PMCID: PMC7871430 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/4/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental fear or dental phobia is caused by previous unpleasant dental experiences and pain. It can result in delaying or avoiding dental visits. Most often it leads to individuals avoiding visiting the dentist until physical pain completely impairs the quality of life. Objectives Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a method of pain relief involving the use of a mild electrical current. The main aim of this study was to examine whether the TENS device affects the reduction of anxiety and fear during dental procedures. Material and Methods The study was conducted on a sample of 125 respondents, aged 9-14 years. Statistical significance of differences between pre- and post-treatment results on all applied measuring instruments was verified by the t-test for dependent samples. The calculation was performed for all respondents and individually for the three observed groups. The Children`s Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale test was used to assess anxiety and fear. Results The results on the CFSS-DS scale in all subjects did not differ statistically significantly before and after treatment (p > 0.05). The results on the CFSS-DS scale in subjects who received TENS were statistically significantly different before and after treatment (p < 0.01). The results on the CFSS-DS scale in subjects who received local anesthesia were statistically significantly different before and after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion The TENS device had an anxiolytic effect after the first visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cebalo
- Community Health Centre Zagreb-West, Postgraduate student, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Bašić Kes
- Department of Neurology at Sestre milosrdnice Hospital, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Čuković-Bagić I, Hrvatin S, Jeličić J, Negovetić Vranić D, Kujundžić Tiljak M, Pezo H, Marks L. General dentists' awareness of how to cope with medical emergencies in paediatric dental patients. Int Dent J 2017; 67:238-243. [PMID: 28422288 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General dentists (GDs) should be aware of the symptoms, signs, diagnoses and treatment of medical emergencies in paediatric patients. AIM To evaluate the knowledge of GDs in coping with medical emergencies, and to identify whether they are confident to diagnose and treat medical emergencies in paediatric patients. DESIGN The questionnaire was conducted immediately before the beginning of national dental meetings and continuing education seminars in Croatia, attended by the GDs, in order to obtain a representative sample. RESULTS Of a total of 498 GDs who returned the questionnaire with valid data, 51.2% reported that a medical history was regularly taken. A high proportion (81.3%) of the GDs had never received any basic life support (BLS) training and education for paediatric patients during their undergraduate studies. After graduation, this value rose to 86.1% of GDs. However, more than two-thirds (68.7%) had experienced some emergency situation in their practice. The most frequent emergency was vasovagal syncope (83.6%) and the most rare was cardiac arrest (8.2%). One-fifth (20.5%) of GDs experienced some emergency but could not make a diagnosis. The more BLS training undergone by a GD, the more self-confident s/he felt in an emergency situation. CONCLUSIONS Most GDs have a lack of knowledge to cope with medical emergencies in paediatric patients, and do not feel confident to diagnose and treat emergency situations in children. It is suggested that adequate training and education should be provided for all GDs to address this shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Čuković-Bagić
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Hrvatin
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Kujundžić Tiljak
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Pezo
- Croatian Chamber of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luc Marks
- Centre of Special Care in Dentistry, PaeCoMeDiS, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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Verzak Ž, Jokić NI, Modrić VE, Bakarčić D, Karlović Z, Ulovec Z, Vranić DN. Psychosocial and Economic Status of the Parents with Children with and without Tooth Trauma. Psychiatr Danub 2016; 28:428-433. [PMID: 27855436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main goal of this research is to try and understand influence of psychological and social factors in children with tendencies to repeat tooth trauma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Research included 147 patients, children of preschool and school age (88 boys and 59 girls). In the research patients were divided in two age groups: 5-8 and 9-12 years. In both groups there were 49 patients with no experience of dental trauma and 69 patients with experience of one dental trauma and 29 patients with repeated dental trauma. All patients that were involved in the study had previous experience with dental and medical treatment. Study included evaluation of dental anxiety and also factors that caused dental phobia previous their visit to the office in the children with no dental trauma compared to repeat dental trauma patients. On the whole study group differences considering sex, age and psychosocial status in the level of dental anxiety and dental fear were also measured. RESULTS Categories of children without trauma and with one or multiple trauma showed that it is a similar sex division in the categories. In the no trauma group participation of the boys is lower (46.9%) while in the group with repeated trauma their participation is significantly higher (79.3%). Based on that the risk of repeated dental trauma is characteristic of boys. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study show that tested psychosocial variables do not differentiate participants according to the tested groups or in other words there is no difference between tested groups in their psychosocial standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Verzak
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,
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Negovetić Vranić D, Ivančić Jokić N, Bakarčić D, Carek A, Rotim Ž, Verzak Ž. Dental Fear in Children with Repeated Tooth Injuries. Acta Clin Croat 2016; 55:259-64. [PMID: 28394113 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2016.55.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth injuries are serious clinical conditions. Some children experience dental trauma only once, while others are more prone to repeated tooth injuries. Repeated dental trauma occurs in 19.4% to 30% of patients. Pain and dental trauma are the most common reasons for fear and anxiety. The main objective of this study was to investigate how dental trauma, as well as repeated dental trauma affects the occurrence and development of dental fear in children. The study was conducted on a random sample of 147 subjects (88 boys and 59 girls) aged 5-8 and 9-12 years. Subjects in both age groups were divided into subroups without dental trauma, with one dental trauma and with repeated dental trauma. The validated Children’s Fear Survey Schedule – Dental Subscale was used on fear assessment. Results showed that only 12.2% of children without trauma, 33.3% with one trauma and 51.7% with repeated trauma were not afraid of injection. Older children had a significantly lower fear of injections, touch of an unknown person, choking, going to the hospital and people in white uniforms. Dentist was not the cause of fear in 65.5% of patients with repeated trauma. With each repeated injury of teeth, the degree of their fear of dental treatment was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nataša Ivančić Jokić
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka University Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Danko Bakarčić
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka University Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Andreja Carek
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Željko Verzak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Vranić DN, Jurković J, Jeličić J, Balenović A, Stipančić G, Čuković-Bagić I. Medical Emergencies in Pediatric Dentistry. Acta Stomatol Croat 2016; 50:72-80. [PMID: 27688429 PMCID: PMC5017275 DOI: 10.15644/asc50/1/10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical emergencies that are life threatening can occur in dental practice. Complications may arise because of an underlying disease or a reaction to medication. Reactions to medications may be allergic and toxic. The most common reactions are toxic reactions to local anesthetics, whereas allergies occur mainly as a consequence of the application of antibiotics, usually penicillin. In response to stress, vasovagal syncope typically occurs. Other causes may be related to an underlying disease-specific pathology (such as acute asthma attack, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, or seizures) or accidents (aspiration of a foreign body causing obstruction of the respiratory system). For all the above conditions, guidelines have been established that need to be known. If complications occur or necessary measures are not taken, it can lead to cardiac and respiratory arrest. Therefore, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is needed. All procedures and dosages should be adapted to the age of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Gordana Stipančić
- Paediatric Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Čuković-Bagić
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Majstorović M, Vranić DN, Szirovicza L. Recent achievements in preventive dentistry by introducing a new probiotic toothpaste. Coll Antropol 2013; 37:1307-1312. [PMID: 24611349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Artificially synthesized probiotic from Lactobacillus strain, contained in the tested toothpaste, led to an innovative approach in preventive dentistry. A new concept resulting from this research can be explained due to possible mechanisms of action of probiotic bacteria, according to which equilibrium of hostile bacterial flora is achieved by mechanical elimination of cariogenic bacteria from the mouth. This research was conducted during a 4-week period on a randomly selected Croatian sample of 50 participants, with the aim to investigate the efficacy of the first probiotic toothpaste ever produced in Croatia. CRT tests (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, FL-9494 Schaan/Liechtenstein) were used and individually administrated to each participant to assess the number of Streptococci and Lactobacilli. Saliva samples were tested before, as well as 2 and 4 weeks after using the tested toothpaste. After having had obtained detailed information on the research protocol, participants signed informed consent, and strictly following the instructions, brushed their teeth exclusively using the tested toothpaste and toothbrush of the same manufacturer over the 4 week period. Statistical results obtained after 4 weeks of using the probiotic toothpaste showed significant reduction in the number of participants who, prior to commencing the study, were diagnosed a high number of cariogenic bacteria. The number of participants with the high number of streptococci was significantly reduced from 78.4 to 26.5%, as well as the number of participants with the high number of Lactobacilli, which significantly dropped down from 52.9 to 26.5%. The results indicate a significant efficacy of the tested toothpaste, which can be attributed to the effect of the contained synthetized probiotic substance. Therefore, this research reveals a new achievement in innovative technologies, based on which probiotics can be used with purpose of maintaining balance of bacterial flora within the oral cavity, particularly in high risk groups who are more prone to developing caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Majstorović
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dubravka Negovetić Vranić
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia
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Glavina D, Gorseta K, Skrinjarić I, Vranić DN, Mehulić K, Kozul K. Effect of LGG yoghurt on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children. Coll Antropol 2012; 36:129-132. [PMID: 22816209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish effect of 14 day consumption of commercially available yoghurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC53103 - LGG (Bioaktiv LGG, Dukat, Croatia) on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. salivary counts in children. Twenty five patients, 6-10 yr old participated in the study. At the inclusion in the study caries risk for every patient was evaluated. The saliva samples were tested with chair side kits for saliva buffer capacity (CRT buffer, Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), S. Mutans and Lactobacillus counts (CRT bacteria test, Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Seven, 14 and 30d after yoghurt consumption saliva samples were tested again with CRT buffer and CRT bacteria tests. Obtained data were analyzed using chi2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results showed significant increase in saliva buffer capacity 30d after yoghurt consumption. S. Mutans salivary counts were significantly decreased after 30d. Significant differences in Lactobacillus counts were not observed. It could be concluded that daily consumption of yoghurt containing LGG have an inhibitory effect on oral pathogenic bacteria and may be beneficial in caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Glavina
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Glavina D, Vranić DN, Milosević SA, Bergman V, Majstorović M, Skrinjarić I. Soft-start polymerization of fissure sealant: retention after three years. Coll Antropol 2007; 31:1089-1092. [PMID: 18217464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate retention of composite fissure sealant polymerized with standard and soft-start technique after a three year clinical trial. One hundred teeth were divided into two groups (A&B) of teeth and sealed with composite material (Visioseal, 3M Espe) using split mouth design. Sealants were polymerized using standard (Group A) and soft-start (Group B) techniques with commercial polymerization unit (Elipar Highlight, 3M Espe). Retention rate in Group A was 72%. In 14 teeth sealant was partially or completely missing. Group B showed retention rate of 80%. Sealant was partially or completely missing in 10 teeth. Six new caries lesions in Group A (3) and B (3) were detected. Mann-Whitney test did not reveal significant differences between the polymerization techniques. After three years complete retention of sealants, regardless of the group, was 76% (76 teeth) with six new caries lesions. Soft-start polymerization showed a comparable retention rate as the standard polymerization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Glavina
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Skrinjarić I, Skrinjarić K, Vranić DN, Majstorović M, Glavina D. Craniofacial anthropometric pattern profile in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia--application in detection of gene carriers. Coll Antropol 2003; 27:753-9. [PMID: 14746168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is characterized by clinical manifestations of severe hypodontia or anodontia, hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, and specific facial appearance. Affected males show complete expression of clinical features of this condition. Their mothers, who are gene carriers, express only some signs, which are usually very mild. Currently available clinical methods are not sufficient for routine identification of the HED heterozygous gene carriers. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the facial characteristics of HED patients and their mothers and to evaluate the usefulness of craniofacial pattern profile analysis (CFPP) in the diagnosis of this syndrome and the detection of gene carriers. In this study six affected males and their mothers were evaluated. Z-scores for each variable were calculated and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Anthropometric analysis showed a specific dysmorphic pattern in CST patients that includes decreased skull base width (t-t: -1.67 Z); decreased forehead width (ft-ft: -1.8 Z), decreased midface depth (sn-t: -2.02 Z), markedly decreased total facial height (n-gn: -3.4 Z), and markedly decreased maxillary arc (t-sn-t: -2.5 Z). Gene carriers showed a similar tendency in their pattern profiles. They showed the same tendency towards lower Z-values for forehead width, facial height, and mouth width. The values for these measurements were between those of the affected and healthy controls. The most pronounced findings were increased head width (eu-eu: +2.83 Z), increased lower face width (go-go: +2.06 Z), and reduction of total facial height (n-gn: -0.95 Z). They also displayed increased nose width (al-al: +2.41 Z) and increased biocular distance (ex-ex: +2.01 Z). When used in conjunction with other methods the anthropometrics pattern profile analysis can considerably enhance detection of gene carriers for HED and increase objective assessment of the craniofacial region in HED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Skrinjarić
- Departement of Pedodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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