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Gomes DGE, Ruzicka JJ, Crozier LG, Huff DD, Brodeur RD, Stewart JD. Marine heatwaves disrupt ecosystem structure and function via altered food webs and energy flux. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1988. [PMID: 38480718 PMCID: PMC10937662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and intensity of marine heatwaves is increasing globally, disrupting local environmental conditions. The individual and population-level impacts of prolonged heatwaves on marine species have recently been demonstrated, yet whole-ecosystem consequences remain unexplored. We leveraged time series abundance data of 361 taxa, grouped into 86 functional groups, from six long-term surveys, diet information from a new diet database, and previous modeling efforts, to build two food web networks using an extension of the popular Ecopath ecosystem modeling framework, Ecotran. We compare ecosystem models parameterized before and after the onset of recent marine heatwaves to evaluate the cascading effects on ecosystem structure and function in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. While the ecosystem-level contribution (prey) and demand (predators) of most functional groups changed following the heatwaves, gelatinous taxa experienced the largest transformations, underscored by the arrival of northward-expanding pyrosomes. We show altered trophic relationships and energy flux have potentially profound consequences for ecosystem structure and function, and raise concerns for populations of threatened and harvested species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G E Gomes
- Ocean Ecology Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife & Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA.
- National Academy of Sciences NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - James J Ruzicka
- Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Lisa G Crozier
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - David D Huff
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Richard D Brodeur
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Joshua D Stewart
- Ocean Ecology Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife & Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
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Gomes DGE, Ruzicka JJ, Crozier LG, Huff DD, Phillips EM, Hernvann PY, Morgan CA, Brodeur RD, Zamon JE, Daly EA, Bizzarro JJ, Fisher JL, Auth TD. An updated end-to-end ecosystem model of the Northern California Current reflecting ecosystem changes due to recent marine heatwaves. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0280366. [PMID: 38241310 PMCID: PMC10798527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Northern California Current is a highly productive marine upwelling ecosystem that is economically and ecologically important. It is home to both commercially harvested species and those that are federally listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Recently, there has been a global shift from single-species fisheries management to ecosystem-based fisheries management, which acknowledges that more complex dynamics can reverberate through a food web. Here, we have integrated new research into an end-to-end ecosystem model (i.e., physics to fisheries) using data from long-term ocean surveys, phytoplankton satellite imagery paired with a vertically generalized production model, a recently assembled diet database, fishery catch information, species distribution models, and existing literature. This spatially-explicit model includes 90 living and detrital functional groups ranging from phytoplankton, krill, and forage fish to salmon, seabirds, and marine mammals, and nine fisheries that occur off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California. This model was updated from previous regional models to account for more recent changes in the Northern California Current (e.g., increases in market squid and some gelatinous zooplankton such as pyrosomes and salps), to expand the previous domain to increase the spatial resolution, to include data from previously unincorporated surveys, and to add improved characterization of endangered species, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca). Our model is mass-balanced, ecologically plausible, without extinctions, and stable over 150-year simulations. Ammonium and nitrate availability, total primary production rates, and model-derived phytoplankton time series are within realistic ranges. As we move towards holistic ecosystem-based fisheries management, we must continue to openly and collaboratively integrate our disparate datasets and collective knowledge to solve the intricate problems we face. As a tool for future research, we provide the data and code to use our ecosystem model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- National Academy of Sciences NRC Research Associateship Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - James J. Ruzicka
- Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Lisa G. Crozier
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - David D. Huff
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Phillips
- Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Pierre-Yves Hernvann
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Morgan
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Brodeur
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Jen E. Zamon
- Fish Ecology Division, Point Adams Research Station, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hammond, OR, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Daly
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Bizzarro
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- Fisheries Collaborative Program, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Fisher
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Toby D. Auth
- Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Newport, OR, United States of America
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Arrington DA, Harris RJ, Layman CA, Gomes DGE. Leveraging green infrastructure for efficient treatment of reclaimed water. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162232. [PMID: 36796699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Global water scarcity necessitates creative, yet practical, solutions to meet ever-growing demand. Green infrastructure is increasingly used in this context to provide water in environmentally friendly and sustainable ways. In this study, we focused on reclaimed wastewater from a joint gray and green infrastructure system employed by the Loxahatchee River District in Florida. The water system consists of a series of treatment stages for which we assessed 12 years of monitoring data. We measured water quality after secondary (gray) treatment, then in onsite lakes, offsite lakes, landscape irrigation (via sprinklers), and ultimately in downstream canals. Our findings show gray infrastructure designed for secondary treatment, integrated with green infrastructure, achieved nutrient concentrations nearly equivalent to advanced wastewater treatment systems. For example, we observed a dramatic decline in mean nitrogen concentration from 19.42 mg L-1 after secondary treatment to 5.26 mg L-1 after spending an average of 30 days in the onsite lakes. Nitrogen concentration continued to decline as reclaimed water moved from onsite lakes to offsite lakes (3.87 mg L-1) and irrigation sprinklers (3.27 mg L-1). Phosphorus concentrations exhibited a similar pattern. These decreasing nutrient concentrations led to relatively low nutrient loading rates and occurred while consuming substantially less energy and producing fewer greenhouse gas emissions than traditional gray infrastructure-at lower cost and higher efficiency. There was no evidence of eutrophication in canals downstream of the residential landscape whose sole source of irrigation water was reclaimed water. This study provides a long-term example of how circularity in water use can be used to work toward sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Albrey Arrington
- Loxahatchee River District, 2500 Jupiter Park Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States of America.
| | - Rachel Joy Harris
- Loxahatchee River District, 2500 Jupiter Park Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States of America
| | - Craig A Layman
- Center for Energy, Environment & Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, United States of America
| | - Dylan G E Gomes
- National Academy of Sciences NRC Research Associateship Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, United States of America
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Gomes DGE, Pottier P, Crystal-Ornelas R, Hudgins EJ, Foroughirad V, Sánchez-Reyes LL, Turba R, Martinez PA, Moreau D, Bertram MG, Smout CA, Gaynor KM. Why don't we share data and code? Perceived barriers and benefits to public archiving practices. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221113. [PMID: 36416041 PMCID: PMC9682438 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological sciences community is increasingly recognizing the value of open, reproducible and transparent research practices for science and society at large. Despite this recognition, many researchers fail to share their data and code publicly. This pattern may arise from knowledge barriers about how to archive data and code, concerns about its reuse, and misaligned career incentives. Here, we define, categorize and discuss barriers to data and code sharing that are relevant to many research fields. We explore how real and perceived barriers might be overcome or reframed in the light of the benefits relative to costs. By elucidating these barriers and the contexts in which they arise, we can take steps to mitigate them and align our actions with the goals of open science, both as individual scientists and as a scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- NRC Research Associate, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Patrice Pottier
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Crystal-Ornelas
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emma J. Hudgins
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | | | | | - Rachel Turba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Paula Andrea Martinez
- Australian Research Data Commons, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael G. Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
| | - Cooper A. Smout
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, BC V6T 1Z4
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
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Sweet KA, Sweet BP, Gomes DGE, Francis CD, Barber JR. Natural and anthropogenic noise increase vigilance and decrease foraging behaviors in song sparrows. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animals glean information about risk from their habitat. The acoustic environment is one such source of information, and is an important, yet understudied ecological axis. Although anthropogenic noise has become recently ubiquitous, risk mitigation behaviors have likely been shaped by natural noise over millennia. Listening animals have been shown to increase vigilance and decrease foraging in both natural and anthropogenic noise. However, direct comparisons could be informative to conservation and understanding evolutionary drivers of behavior in noise. Here, we used 27 song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) and 148 laboratory behavioral trials to assess foraging and vigilance behavior in both anthropogenic and natural noise sources. Using five acoustic environments (playbacks of roadway traffic, a whitewater river, a whitewater river shifted upwards in frequency, a river with the amplitude modulation of roadway traffic, and an ambient control), we attempt to parse out the acoustic characteristics that make a foraging habitat risky. We found that sparrows increased vigilance or decreased foraging in 4 of 6 behaviors when foraging in higher sound levels regardless of the noise source or variation in frequency and amplitude modulation. These responses may help explain previously reported declines in abundance of song sparrows exposed to playback of intense river noise. Our results imply that natural soundscapes have likely shaped behavior long before anthropogenic noise, and that high sound levels negatively affect the foraging-vigilance trade-off in most intense acoustic environments. Given the ever-increasing footprint of noise pollution, these results imply potential negative consequences for bird populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - B P Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - D G E Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - C D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - J R Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
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Sedlock JL, Gomes DGE, Rubin JJ, Woody S, Hadi BAR, Barber JR. A phantom ultrasonic insect chorus repels low‐flying bats, but most are undeterred. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan G. E. Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies Hatfield Marine Science CenterOregon State University Newport OR USA
| | - Juliette J. Rubin
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | - Sarah Woody
- Biology Department Lawrence University Appleton WI USA
| | - Buyung A. R. Hadi
- Sustainable Impact Platform International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Philippines
| | - Jesse R. Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
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Takoukam Kamla A, Gomes DGE, Beck CA, Keith‐Diagne LW, Hunter ME, Francis‐Floyd R, Bonde RK. Diet composition of the African manatee: Spatial and temporal variation within the Sanaga River Watershed, Cameroon. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15833-15845. [PMID: 34824793 PMCID: PMC8601922 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the diet of African manatees in Cameroon to better inform conservation decisions within protected areas. A large knowledge gap on diet and seasonal changes in forage availability limits the ability to develop informed local management plans for the African manatee in much of its range. This research took place in the Sanaga River Watershed, which includes two protected areas in the Littoral Region of Cameroon: the Douala-Edea National Park and the Lake Ossa Wildlife Reserve. We analyzed 113 manatee fecal samples and surveyed shoreline emergent and submerged vegetation within the Sanaga River Watershed. We used microhistological analyses to determine the relative contribution of each plant species to African manatee diets and compared across locations and across seasons (wet vs. dry season). We found that the shoreline vegetation is diverse with over 160 plant species, unevenly distributed across space and season, and dominated by emergent vegetation mostly represented by the antelope grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis). We recorded a total of 36 plant species from fecal samples with a spatial and temporal distribution mostly reflecting that of the corresponding shoreline vegetation. African manatees appear to be primarily opportunistically feeding on available vegetation across the seasons and habitat. This work documents the current, but changing, state of plant availability in the Sanaga River Watershed and reports the African manatee diet in Cameroon for the first time. This information can play a critical role in successfully managing the species and these protected areas. If we wish to protect the African manatee and the aquatic ecosystems within the Sanaga River Watershed, we must understand how forage availability changes over time, especially as its waters become nutrient enriched, eutrophic, and exposed to invasive species of plants in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Takoukam Kamla
- African Marine Mammal Conservation OrganizationEdeaCameroon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Dylan G. E. Gomes
- African Marine Mammal Conservation OrganizationEdeaCameroon
- Department of Biological SciencesBoise State UniversityBoiseIdahoUSA
- Present address:
Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources StudiesHatfield Marine Science CenterOregon State UniversityNewportOregonUSA
| | - Cathy A. Beck
- U.S. Geological SurveyWetland and Aquatic Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Margaret E. Hunter
- U.S. Geological SurveyWetland and Aquatic Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ruth Francis‐Floyd
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Robert K. Bonde
- Clearwater Marine Aquarium Research InstituteClearwaterFloridaUSA
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Boise State Univ. Boise ID USA
- Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies – Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State Univ. Newport OR USA
| | - Cory A. Toth
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Boise State Univ. Boise ID USA
| | - Craig C. Bateman
- Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Clinton D. Francis
- Dept of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State Univ. San Luis Obispo CA USA
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Takoukam AK, Gomes DGE, Hoyer MV, Keith‐Diagne LW, Bonde RK, Francis‐Floyd R. African manatee ( Trichechus senegalensis) habitat suitability at Lake Ossa, Cameroon, using trophic state models and predictions of submerged aquatic vegetation. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15212-15224. [PMID: 34765172 PMCID: PMC8571629 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims at investigating the past and current trophic status of Lake Ossa and evaluating its potential impact on African manatee health. Lake Ossa is known as a refuge for the threatened African manatees in Cameroon. Little information exists on the water quality and health of the ecosystem as reflected by its chemical and biological characteristics. Aquatic biotic and abiotic parameters including water clarity, nitrogen, phosphorous, and chlorophyll concentrations were measured monthly during four months at each of 18 water sampling stations evenly distributed across the lake. These parameters were then compared with historical values obtained from the literature to examine the dynamic trophic state of Lake Ossa. Results indicate that Lake Ossa's trophic state parameters doubled in only three decades (from 1985 to 2016), moving from a mesotrophic to a eutrophic state. The decreasing nutrient gradient moving from the mouth of the lake (in the south) to the north indicates that the flow of the adjacent Sanaga River is the primary source of nutrient input. Further analysis suggests that the poor transparency of the lake is not associated with chlorophyll concentrations but rather with the suspended sediments brought-in by the Sanaga River. Consequently, our model demonstrated that despite nutrient enrichment, less than 5% of the lake bottom surface sustained submerged aquatic vegetation. Thus, shoreline emergent vegetation is the primary food available for the local manatee population. During the dry season, water recedes drastically and disconnects from the dominant shoreline emergent vegetation, decreasing accessibility for manatees. The current study revealed major environmental concerns (eutrophication and sedimentation) that may negatively impact habitat quality for manatees. The information from the results will be key for the development of the management plan of the lake and its manatee population. Efficient land use and water management across the entire watershed may be necessary to mitigate such issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide K. Takoukam
- African Marine Mammal Conservation OrganizationEdeaCameroon
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Dylan G. E. Gomes
- African Marine Mammal Conservation OrganizationEdeaCameroon
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources StudiesHatfield Marine Science CenterOregon State UniversityNewportOregonUSA
| | - Mark V. Hoyer
- UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and ConservationFisheries and Aquatic SciencesFlorida LAKEWATCHGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Robert K. Bonde
- Clearwater Marine Aquarium Research InstituteClearwaterFloridaUSA
| | - Ruth Francis‐Floyd
- Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Reed VA, Toth CA, Wardle RN, Gomes DGE, Barber JR, Francis CD. Natural noise affects conspecific signal detection and territorial defense behaviors in songbirds. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recent research suggests that anthropogenic noise can substantially alter animal behavior. Although there are many sources of natural background noise, the relative influence of these sounds on behavior has received much less attention. Using landscape-scale playbacks of rushing rivers and crashing ocean surf, we investigated how habitat appropriate natural noise alters territorial defense behaviors in lazuli buntings (Passerina amoena) occupying riparian areas and spotted towhees (Pipilo maculatus) in riparian and coastal areas when exposed to simulated intruder song. We also incorporated naturally occurring cicada noise as an acoustic source influencing lazuli bunting behavior. Both songbird species possess songs that share substantial spectral overlap with low-frequency, water-generated noise, and lazuli bunting song shares an additional high-frequency overlap with cicada calls. Thus, there is potential for background acoustic conditions to mask conspecific signals. We found that detection and discrimination of conspecific playback occurred more slowly for both species as background sound levels increased. Lazuli buntings also exhibited complex flight behavior in noise, suggesting they respond differently depending on the amplitude and type of background noise (with versus without cicada calls). Our results suggest natural noise can impair territorial defense behaviors in songbirds, highlighting natural soundscapes as an under-appreciated axis of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Cory A Toth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Ryan N Wardle
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Dylan G E Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Jesse R Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Clinton D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Anthropogenic noise has received significant attention in recent years, and researchers have highlighted the ways in which animals might deal with these noise sources. However, much of our understanding of animal responses to this novel source of background acoustics lacks an evolutionary perspective. Natural sources of noise predate the origin of hearing organs in animals. Therefore, it is unlikely that animals have only recently evolved strategies to cope with anthropogenic noise de novo but, rather, already have preexisting coping mechanisms, because of countless generations of evolution within a naturally noisy world, on which contemporary selection is now likely acting. We review strategies to cope with natural sources of noise and suggest a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of how particular characteristics of noise have shaped animal populations and communities in the past, enabling us to predict the effects that novel sources of noise will have on the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G E Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, United States
| | - Clinton D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States
| | - Jesse R Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, United States
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Gomes DGE, Appel G, Barber JR. Time of night and moonlight structure vertical space use by insectivorous bats in a Neotropical rainforest: an acoustic monitoring study. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10591. [PMID: 33384906 PMCID: PMC7751414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown diverse vertical space use by various taxa, highlighting the importance of forest vertical structure. Yet, we know little about vertical space use of tropical forests, and we often fail to explore how this three-dimensional space use changes over time. Methods Here we use canopy tower systems in French Guiana and passive acoustic monitoring to measure Neotropical bat activity above and below the forest canopy throughout nine nights. We use a Bayesian generalized linear mixed effect model and kernel density estimates to demonstrate patterns in space-use over time. Results We found that different bats use both canopy and understory space differently and that these patterns change throughout the night. Overall, bats were more active above the canopy (including Cormura brevirostris, Molossus molossus, Peropteryx kappleri and Peropteryx macrotis), but multiple species or acoustic complexes (when species identification was impossible) were more active in the understory (such as Centronycteris maximiliani, Myotis riparius, Pteronotus alitonus and Pteronotus rubiginosus). We also found that most bats showed temporally-changing preferences in hourly activity. Some species were less active (e.g., P. kappleri and P. macrotis), whereas others were more active (Pteronotus gymnonotus, C. brevirostris, and M. molossus) on nights with higher moon illuminance. Discussion Here we show that Neotropical bats use habitat above the forest canopy and within the forest understory differently throughout the night. While bats generally were more active above the forest canopy, we show that individual groups of bats use space differently over the course of a night, and some prefer the understory. This work highlights the need to consider diel cycles in studies of space use, as animals use different habitats during different periods of the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G E Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Giulliana Appel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jesse R Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | | | - Jesse R. Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
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Levenhagen MJ, Miller ZD, Petrelli AR, Ferguson LA, Shr Y(J, Gomes DGE, Taff BD, White C, Fristrup K, Monz C, McClure CJW, Newman P, Francis CD, Barber JR. Ecosystem services enhanced through soundscape management link people and wildlife. People and Nature 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary D. Miller
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | - Alissa R. Petrelli
- Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA
| | - Lauren A. Ferguson
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | - Yau‐Huo (Jimmy) Shr
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | - Dylan G. E. Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | - Brendan D. Taff
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | - Crow White
- Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA
| | - Kurt Fristrup
- Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division National Park Service Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Christopher Monz
- Department of Environment and Society Utah State University Logan UT USA
| | - Christopher J. W. McClure
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
- The Peregrine Fund Boise ID USA
| | - Peter Newman
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | - Clinton D. Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA USA
| | - Jesse R. Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
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Gomes DGE. Orb-weaving spiders are fewer but larger and catch more prey in lit bridge panels from a natural artificial light experiment. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8808. [PMID: 32211243 PMCID: PMC7083158 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night is rapidly changing the sensory world. While evidence is accumulating for how insects are affected, it is not clear how this impacts higher trophic levels that feed on insect communities. Spiders are important insect predators that have recently been shown to have increased abundance in urban areas, but have shown mixed responses to artificial light. On a single bridge with alternating artificially lit and unlit sections, I measured changes in the orb-weaving spider Larinioides sclopetarius (Araneidae) web abundance, web-building behavior, prey-capture, and body condition. In artificially lit conditions, spiders caught more prey with smaller webs, and had higher body conditions. However, there were fewer spiders with active webs in those lit areas. This suggests that either spiders were not taking advantage of an ecological insect trap, perhaps due to an increased risk of becoming prey themselves, or were satiated, and thus not as active within these habitats. The results from this natural experiment may have important consequences for both insects and spiders in urban areas under artificial lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G E Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States of America
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