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Potopnyk MA, Mech-Piskorz J, Angulo G, Ceborska M, Luboradzki R, Andresen E, Gajek A, Wisniewska A, Resch-Genger U. Aggregation/Crystallization-Induced Emission in Naphthyridine-Based Carbazolyl-Modified Donor-Acceptor Boron Dyes Tunable by Fluorine Atoms. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400004. [PMID: 38361470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Four donor-acceptor boron difluoride complexes based on the carbazole electron donor and the [1,3,5,2]oxadiazaborinino[3,4-a][1,8]naphthyridine acceptor were designed, synthesized, and systematically spectroscopically investigated in solutions, in dye-doped polymer films, and in the solid states. The dyes exhibit an intense blue to red solid-state emission with photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 59 % in pure dye samples and 86 % in poly(methyl methacrylate) films. All boron complexes show aggregation-induced emission and reversible mechanofluorochromism. The optical properties of these dyes and their solid state luminescence can be tuned by substitution pattern, i. e., the substituents at the naphthyridine unit. Exchange of CH3- for CF3-groups does not only increase the intramolecular charge transfer character, but also provides a crystallization-induced emission enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo A Potopnyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kuharya Str. 5, 02000, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Justyna Mech-Piskorz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gonzalo Angulo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ceborska
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, K. Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Luboradzki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elina Andresen
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materilaforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 1, Richard-Willstätter-Straβe 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wisniewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Bundesanstalt für Materilaforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department 1, Richard-Willstätter-Straβe 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Gajjar P, Ismail A, Islam T, Moniruzzaman M, Darwish AG, Dawood AS, Mohamed AG, Haikal AM, El-Saady AM, El-Kereamy A, Sherif SM, Abazinge MD, Kambiranda D, El-Sharkawy I. Transcriptome Profiling of a Salt Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstock 'Ruggeri' throughout Salinity. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:837. [PMID: 38592889 PMCID: PMC10974295 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the substantial threats to plant productivity and could be escorted by other stresses such as heat and drought. It impairs critical biological processes, such as photosynthesis, energy, and water/nutrient acquisition, ultimately leading to cell death when stress intensity becomes uncured. Therefore, plants deploy several proper processes to overcome such hostile circumstances. Grapevine is one of the most important crops worldwide that is relatively salt-tolerant and preferentially cultivated in hot and semi-arid areas. One of the most applicable strategies for sustainable viticulture is using salt-tolerant rootstock such as Ruggeri (RUG). The rootstock showed efficient capacity of photosynthesis, ROS detoxification, and carbohydrate accumulation under salinity. The current study utilized the transcriptome profiling approach to identify the molecular events of RUG throughout a regime of salt stress followed by a recovery procedure. The data showed progressive changes in the transcriptome profiling throughout salinity, underpinning the involvement of a large number of genes in transcriptional reprogramming during stress. Our results established a considerable enrichment of the biological process GO-terms related to salinity adaptation, such as signaling, hormones, photosynthesis, carbohydrates, and ROS homeostasis. Among the battery of molecular/cellular responses launched upon salinity, ROS homeostasis plays the central role of salt adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranavkumar Gajjar
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | - Tabibul Islam
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Ahmed G Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Dawood
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G Mohamed
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Amr M Haikal
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
| | | | - Ashraf El-Kereamy
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sherif M Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| | - Michael D Abazinge
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Devaiah Kambiranda
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
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3
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Mensah-Kane P, Davis DL, Shi HS, Trinh OT, Vann PH, Dory L, Sumien N. Hyperbaric oxygen alleviates selective domains of cognitive and motor deficits in female 5xFAD mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:517-530. [PMID: 38153668 PMCID: PMC10828284 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been limited to managing of symptoms or anti-amyloid therapy with limited results and uncertainty. Seeking out new therapies that can reverse the effects of this devastating disease is important. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy could be such a candidate as it has been shown to improve brain function in certain neurological conditions. Furthermore, the role sex plays in the vulnerability/resilience to AD remains equivocal. An understanding of what makes one sex more vulnerable to AD could unveil new pathways for therapy development. In this study, we investigated the effects of HBO on cognitive, motor, and affective function in a mouse model of AD (5xFAD) and assessed protein oxidation in peripheral tissues as a safety indicator. The motor and cognitive abilities of 5xFAD mice were significantly impaired. HBO therapy improved cognitive flexibility and associative learning of 5xFAD females but not males, but HBO had no effect other aspects of cognition. HBO also reversed AD-related declines in balance but had no impact on gait and anxiety-like behavior. HBO did not affect body weights or oxidative stress in peripheral tissues. Our study provides further support for HBO therapy as a potential treatment for AD and emphasizes the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in therapeutic development. Further investigations into the underlying mechanisms of HBO's sex-specific responses are warranted, as well as optimizing treatment protocols for maximum benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paapa Mensah-Kane
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Delaney L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Helen S Shi
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Oanh T Trinh
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Philip H Vann
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ladislav Dory
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Risal S, Singh N, Yao Y, Sun L, Risal S, Zhu W. Accelerating Elastic Property Prediction in Fe-C Alloys through Coupling of Molecular Dynamics and Machine Learning. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:601. [PMID: 38591477 PMCID: PMC10856267 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The scarcity of high-quality data presents a major challenge to the prediction of material properties using machine learning (ML) models. Obtaining material property data from experiments is economically cost-prohibitive, if not impossible. In this work, we address this challenge by generating an extensive material property dataset comprising thousands of data points pertaining to the elastic properties of Fe-C alloys. The data were generated using molecular dynamic (MD) calculations utilizing reference-free Modified embedded atom method (RF-MEAM) interatomic potential. This potential was developed by fitting atomic structure-dependent energies, forces, and stress tensors evaluated at ground state and finite temperatures using ab-initio. Various ML algorithms were subsequently trained and deployed to predict elastic properties. In addition to individual algorithms, super learner (SL), an ensemble ML technique, was incorporated to refine predictions further. The input parameters comprised the alloy's composition, crystal structure, interstitial sites, lattice parameters, and temperature. The target properties were the bulk modulus and shear modulus. Two distinct prediction approaches were undertaken: employing individual models for each property prediction and simultaneously predicting both properties using a single integrated model, enabling a comparative analysis. The efficiency of these models was assessed through rigorous evaluation using a range of accuracy metrics. This work showcases the synergistic power of MD simulations and ML techniques for accelerating the prediction of elastic properties in alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Risal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Navdeep Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Yan Yao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.R.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Samprash Risal
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.R.)
| | - Weihang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.R.); (L.S.)
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Gomes DGE, Ruzicka JJ, Crozier LG, Huff DD, Phillips EM, Hernvann PY, Morgan CA, Brodeur RD, Zamon JE, Daly EA, Bizzarro JJ, Fisher JL, Auth TD. An updated end-to-end ecosystem model of the Northern California Current reflecting ecosystem changes due to recent marine heatwaves. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0280366. [PMID: 38241310 PMCID: PMC10798527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Northern California Current is a highly productive marine upwelling ecosystem that is economically and ecologically important. It is home to both commercially harvested species and those that are federally listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Recently, there has been a global shift from single-species fisheries management to ecosystem-based fisheries management, which acknowledges that more complex dynamics can reverberate through a food web. Here, we have integrated new research into an end-to-end ecosystem model (i.e., physics to fisheries) using data from long-term ocean surveys, phytoplankton satellite imagery paired with a vertically generalized production model, a recently assembled diet database, fishery catch information, species distribution models, and existing literature. This spatially-explicit model includes 90 living and detrital functional groups ranging from phytoplankton, krill, and forage fish to salmon, seabirds, and marine mammals, and nine fisheries that occur off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and Northern California. This model was updated from previous regional models to account for more recent changes in the Northern California Current (e.g., increases in market squid and some gelatinous zooplankton such as pyrosomes and salps), to expand the previous domain to increase the spatial resolution, to include data from previously unincorporated surveys, and to add improved characterization of endangered species, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca). Our model is mass-balanced, ecologically plausible, without extinctions, and stable over 150-year simulations. Ammonium and nitrate availability, total primary production rates, and model-derived phytoplankton time series are within realistic ranges. As we move towards holistic ecosystem-based fisheries management, we must continue to openly and collaboratively integrate our disparate datasets and collective knowledge to solve the intricate problems we face. As a tool for future research, we provide the data and code to use our ecosystem model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- National Academy of Sciences NRC Research Associateship Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - James J. Ruzicka
- Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Lisa G. Crozier
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - David D. Huff
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Phillips
- Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Pierre-Yves Hernvann
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Morgan
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Brodeur
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Jen E. Zamon
- Fish Ecology Division, Point Adams Research Station, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Hammond, OR, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Daly
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem and Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Bizzarro
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- Fisheries Collaborative Program, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Fisher
- Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Toby D. Auth
- Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Newport, OR, United States of America
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Rulazi E, Marwa J, Kichonge B, Kivevele T. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Novel Solar Dryer Integrated with Thermal Energy Storage System for Drying of Agricultural Products. ACS Omega 2023; 8:43304-43317. [PMID: 38024705 PMCID: PMC10652741 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Passive solar dryers play a crucial role in reducing postharvest losses in fruits and vegetables, especially in regions like sub-Saharan Africa with low electrification rates and limited financial resources. However, the intermittent nature of solar energy presents a significant challenge for these dryers. Passive solar dryers integrated with thermal energy storage (TES) can reduce intermittence and improve the drying efficiency. Currently, phase change materials (PCMs) are popular heat storage materials in dryers, and paraffin wax dominates. The main problem with the use of PCMs is that it is necessary to closely constrain the temperature range of the process during charging and discharging. This can be a difficult condition to meet in simple solar dryers due to the variable availability of solar radiation. Instead, solid-phase materials, such as sand and rocks, are often used. Soapstone is one of the natural rocks with good thermal properties, but it has yet to be used as a TES material in solar dryers for drying agricultural products. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to develop a novel solar dryer integrated with soapstone as a TES material and evaluate its performance. The proximate analysis to examine the quality of dried products using the developed technology was also carried out. The comparative experiments for the developed dryer were conducted in two modes: dryer with TES materials and without TES materials, and the results were compared with open sun drying (OSD) by drying 50 kg of fresh pineapple and carrot at different times. The drying times for pineapples in the dryer with TES, without TES, and OSD were 13, 24, and 52 h, respectively. However, the drying times for carrots in the dryer with TES, without TES, and OSD were 12, 23, and 50 h, respectively. Notably, the dryer integrated with TES materials could supply heat for around 3-4 h after sunset. The thermal efficiency of the dryer, collector efficiency, and storage efficiency of TES materials were calculated and found to be 45, 43, and 74.5%, respectively. Proximate analysis indicated that the dryer integrated with TES materials effectively maintained the quality of the dried products compared to OSD. Solar dryer integrated with soapstone showed great promise as sustainable and efficient solutions for reducing postharvest losses and enhancing food security in resource-constrained regions like sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evordius
Laurent Rulazi
- School
of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and
Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box, 447 Arusha 23311, Tanzania
- Tanzania
Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH), P.O. Box, 4302 Dar es Salaam 14113, Tanzania
| | - Janeth Marwa
- School
of Business Studies and Humanities (BuSH), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box, 447 Arusha 63210, Tanzania
| | - Baraka Kichonge
- School
of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and
Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box, 447 Arusha 23311, Tanzania
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Arusha Technical
College (ATC), P.O. Box, 296 Arusha 23105, Tanzania
| | - Thomas Kivevele
- School
of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and
Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box, 447 Arusha 23311, Tanzania
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Bel Hadj Ali I, Saadi-Ben Aoun Y, Hammami Z, Rhouma O, Chakroun AS, Guizani I. Handheld Ultra-Fast Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays and Lateral Flow Detection and Identification of Leishmania Parasites for Cutaneous Leishmaniases Diagnosis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1292. [PMID: 38003756 PMCID: PMC10675497 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Early and accurate detection of infectious diseases is a key step for surveillance, epidemiology and control, notably timely disease diagnosis, patient management and follow-up. In this study, we aimed to develop handheld ultra-fast duplex PCR assays coupled to amplicon detection by lateral flow (LF) immunoassay to deliver a rapid and simple molecular diagnostic test for concomitant detection and identification of the main Leishmania parasites encountered in Tunisia. We selected two DNA targets to amplify L. major/L. tropica and L. infantum/L. tropica groups of species DNAs, respectively. We optimized the experimental conditions of a duplex ultra-fast PCR. The amplification is performed using a portable Palm convection PCR machine within 18 min, and the products are detected using an LF cassette within 10 min. The test allows the identification of the infecting species according to the position and number of test lines revealed. Tested on a selection of DNAs of representative Leishmania strains of the three studied species (N = 37), the ultra-fast duplex PCR-LF showed consistent, stable and reproducible results. The analytical limit of detection of the test was 0.4 pg for L. major, 4 pg for L. infantum and 40 pg for L. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Bel Hadj Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology-LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (Y.S.-B.A.); (Z.H.); (O.R.); (A.S.C.); (I.G.)
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Neelgund GM, Jimenez EA, Ray RL, Kurkuri MD. Facilitated Adsorption of Mercury(II) and Chromium(VI) Ions over Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. Toxics 2023; 11:545. [PMID: 37368645 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
By considering the importance of water and its purity, herein, a powerful adsorbent has been developed for the adsorption of two toxic contaminants that commonly exist in water, viz., divalent mercury and hexavalent chromium. The efficient adsorbent, CNTs-PLA-Pd, was prepared by covalent grafting polylactic acid to carbon nanotubes and subsequent deposition of palladium nanoparticles. The CNTs-PLA-Pd could adsorb Hg(II), and Cr(VI) entirely exists in water. The adsorption rate for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) was rapid at initial stage, followed by gradual decrease, and attained the equilibrium. The Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption was perceived within 50 min and 80 min, respectively with CNTs-PLA-Pd,. Further, experimental data for Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption was analyzed, and kinetic parameters were estimated using pseudo-first and second-order models. The adsorption process of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the rate-limiting step in the adsorption was chemisorption. The Weber-Morris intraparticle pore diffusion model revealed that the Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption over CNTs-PLA-Pd occurs through multiple phases. The experimental equilibrium parameters for the Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption were estimated by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms models. All three models were well suited and demonstrated that Hg(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption over CNTs-PLA-Pd transpires through monolayer molecular covering and chemisorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj M Neelgund
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Erica A Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Ram L Ray
- College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Mahaveer D Kurkuri
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562 112, Karnataka, India
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Risal S, Singh N, Duff AI, Yao Y, Sun L, Risal S, Zhu W. Development of the RF-MEAM Interatomic Potential for the Fe-C System to Study the Temperature-Dependent Elastic Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103779. [PMID: 37241405 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the major impediments to the computational investigation and design of complex alloys such as steel is the lack of effective and versatile interatomic potentials to perform large-scale calculations. In this study, we developed an RF-MEAM potential for the iron-carbon (Fe-C) system to predict the elastic properties at elevated temperatures. Several potentials were produced by fitting potential parameters to the various datasets containing forces, energies, and stress tensor data generated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The potentials were then evaluated using a two-step filter process. In the first step, the optimized RSME error function of the potential fitting code, MEAMfit, was used as the selection criterion. In the second step, molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were employed to calculate ground-state elastic properties of structures present in the training set of the data fitting process. The calculated single crystal and poly-crystalline elastic constants for various Fe-C structures were compared with the DFT and experimental results. The resulting best potential accurately predicted the ground state elastic properties of B1, cementite, and orthorhombic-Fe7C3 (O-Fe7C3), and also calculated the phonon spectra in good agreement with the DFT-calculated ones for cementite and O-Fe7C3. Furthermore, the potential was used to successfully predict the elastic properties of interstitial Fe-C alloys (FeC-0.2% and FeC-0.4%) and O-Fe7C3 at elevated temperatures. The results were in good agreement with the published literature. The successful prediction of elevated temperature properties of structures not included in data fitting validated the potential's ability to model elevated-temperature elastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Risal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Navdeep Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Andrew Ian Duff
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Yan Yao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Samprash Risal
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Weihang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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10
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Li X, Chang K, Abbas SM, El-Tawil RS, Abdel-Ghany AE, Hashem AM, Wang H, Coughlin AL, Zhang S, Mauger A, Zhu L, Julien CM. Silver Nanocoating of LiNi 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1O 2 Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:mi14050907. [PMID: 37241530 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface coating has become an effective approach to improve the electrochemical performance of Ni-rich cathode materials. In this study, we investigated the nature of an Ag coating layer and its effect on electrochemical properties of the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode material, which was synthesized using 3 mol.% of silver nanoparticles by a facile, cost-effective, scalable and convenient method. We conducted structural analyses using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which revealed that the Ag nanoparticle coating did not affect the layered structure of NCM811. The Ag-coated sample had less cation mixing compared to the pristine NMC811, which could be attributed to the surface protection of Ag coating from air contamination. The Ag-coated NCM811 exhibited better kinetics than the pristine one, which is attributed to the higher electronic conductivity and better layered structure provided by the Ag nanoparticle coating. The Ag-coated NCM811 delivered a discharge capacity of 185 mAh·g-1 at the first cycle and 120 mAh·g-1 at the 100th cycle, respectively, which is better than the pristine NMC811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Somia M Abbas
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Behoes Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha S El-Tawil
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Behoes Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Abdel-Ghany
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Behoes Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hashem
- National Research Centre, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Behoes Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amanda L Coughlin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Shixiong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Alain Mauger
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmologie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75752 Paris, France
| | - Likun Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christian M Julien
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et Cosmologie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75752 Paris, France
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11
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Moustafa M, Mousa MH, Saad MS, Basha T, Elbasiouny SM. Bifurcation analysis of motoneuronal excitability mechanisms under normal and ALS conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1093199. [PMID: 36874210 PMCID: PMC9978418 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1093199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bifurcation analysis allows the examination of steady-state, non-linear dynamics of neurons and their effects on cell firing, yet its usage in neuroscience is limited to single-compartment models of highly reduced states. This is primarily due to the difficulty in developing high-fidelity neuronal models with 3D anatomy and multiple ion channels in XPPAUT, the primary bifurcation analysis software in neuroscience. Methods To facilitate bifurcation analysis of high-fidelity neuronal models under normal and disease conditions, we developed a multi-compartment model of a spinal motoneuron (MN) in XPPAUT and verified its firing accuracy against its original experimental data and against an anatomically detailed cell model that incorporates known MN non-linear firing mechanisms. We used the new model in XPPAUT to study the effects of somatic and dendritic ion channels on the MN bifurcation diagram under normal conditions and after amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cellular changes. Results Our results show that somatic small-conductance Ca2+-activated K (SK) channels and dendritic L-type Ca2+ channels have the strongest effects on the bifurcation diagram of MNs under normal conditions. Specifically, somatic SK channels extend the limit cycles and generate a subcritical Hopf bifurcation node in the V-I bifurcation diagram of the MN to replace a supercritical node Hopf node, whereas L-type Ca2+ channels shift the limit cycles to negative currents. In ALS, our results show that dendritic enlargement has opposing effects on MN excitability, has a greater overall impact than somatic enlargement, and dendritic overbranching offsets the dendritic enlargement hyperexcitability effects. Discussion Together, the new multi-compartment model developed in XPPAUT facilitates studying neuronal excitability in health and disease using bifurcation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Moustafa
- Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Mousa
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Mohamed S. Saad
- Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tamer Basha
- Department of Systems and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Elbasiouny
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
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12
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Prather RM, Dalton RM, barr B, Blumstein DT, Boggs CL, Brody AK, Inouye DW, Irwin RE, Martin JGA, Smith RJ, Van Vuren DH, Wells CP, Whiteman HH, Inouye BD, Underwood N. Current and lagged climate affects phenology across diverse taxonomic groups. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222181. [PMID: 36629105 PMCID: PMC9832555 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of life events (phenology) can be influenced by climate. Studies from around the world tell us that climate cues and species' responses can vary greatly. If variation in climate effects on phenology is strong within a single ecosystem, climate change could lead to ecological disruption, but detailed data from diverse taxa within a single ecosystem are rare. We collated first sighting and median activity within a high-elevation environment for plants, insects, birds, mammals and an amphibian across 45 years (1975-2020). We related 10 812 phenological events to climate data to determine the relative importance of climate effects on species' phenologies. We demonstrate significant variation in climate-phenology linkage across taxa in a single ecosystem. Both current and prior climate predicted changes in phenology. Taxa responded to some cues similarly, such as snowmelt date and spring temperatures; other cues affected phenology differently. For example, prior summer precipitation had no effect on most plants, delayed first activity of some insects, but advanced activity of the amphibian, some mammals, and birds. Comparing phenological responses of taxa at a single location, we find that important cues often differ among taxa, suggesting that changes to climate may disrupt synchrony of timing among taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Prather
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Dalton
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - billy barr
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Daniel T. Blumstein
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carol L. Boggs
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alison K. Brody
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - David W. Inouye
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Irwin
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Julien G. A. Martin
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 9A7
| | - Rosemary J. Smith
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Dirk H. Van Vuren
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin P. Wells
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Howard H. Whiteman
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, USA
| | - Brian D. Inouye
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
| | - Nora Underwood
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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13
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Gomes DGE, Pottier P, Crystal-Ornelas R, Hudgins EJ, Foroughirad V, Sánchez-Reyes LL, Turba R, Martinez PA, Moreau D, Bertram MG, Smout CA, Gaynor KM. Why don't we share data and code? Perceived barriers and benefits to public archiving practices. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221113. [PMID: 36416041 PMCID: PMC9682438 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological sciences community is increasingly recognizing the value of open, reproducible and transparent research practices for science and society at large. Despite this recognition, many researchers fail to share their data and code publicly. This pattern may arise from knowledge barriers about how to archive data and code, concerns about its reuse, and misaligned career incentives. Here, we define, categorize and discuss barriers to data and code sharing that are relevant to many research fields. We explore how real and perceived barriers might be overcome or reframed in the light of the benefits relative to costs. By elucidating these barriers and the contexts in which they arise, we can take steps to mitigate them and align our actions with the goals of open science, both as individual scientists and as a scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- NRC Research Associate, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Patrice Pottier
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Crystal-Ornelas
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emma J. Hudgins
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | | | | | - Rachel Turba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Paula Andrea Martinez
- Australian Research Data Commons, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - David Moreau
- School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael G. Bertram
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-907 36, Sweden
| | - Cooper A. Smout
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, BC V6T 1Z4
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
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14
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Gavali S, Ross K, Chen C, Cowart J, Wu CH. A knowledge graph representation learning approach to predict novel kinase-substrate interactions. Mol Omics 2022; 18:853-864. [PMID: 35975455 PMCID: PMC9621340 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The human proteome contains a vast network of interacting kinases and substrates. Even though some kinases have proven to be immensely useful as therapeutic targets, a majority are still understudied. In this work, we present a novel knowledge graph representation learning approach to predict novel interaction partners for understudied kinases. Our approach uses a phosphoproteomic knowledge graph constructed by integrating data from iPTMnet, protein ontology, gene ontology and BioKG. The representations of kinases and substrates in this knowledge graph are learned by performing directed random walks on triples coupled with a modified SkipGram or CBOW model. These representations are then used as an input to a supervised classification model to predict novel interactions for understudied kinases. We also present a post-predictive analysis of the predicted interactions and an ablation study of the phosphoproteomic knowledge graph to gain an insight into the biology of the understudied kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gavali
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 590 Avenue 1743, Suite 147, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Karen Ross
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Chuming Chen
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 590 Avenue 1743, Suite 147, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Julie Cowart
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 590 Avenue 1743, Suite 147, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Cathy H Wu
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 590 Avenue 1743, Suite 147, Newark, DE, USA.
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15
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Derakhshan S, Emrich CT, Cutter SL. Degree and direction of overlap between social vulnerability and community resilience measurements. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275975. [PMID: 36264954 PMCID: PMC9584515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An ongoing debate in academic and practitioner communities, centers on the measurement similarities and differences between social vulnerability and community resilience. More specifically, many see social vulnerability and community resilience measurements as conceptually and empirically the same. Only through a critical and comparative assessment can we ascertain the extent to which these measurement schemas empirically relate to one another. This paper uses two well-known indices—the social vulnerability index (SoVI) and the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) to address the topic. The paper employs spatio-temporal correlations to test for differences or divergence (negative associations) and similarities or convergence (positive associations), and the degree of overlap. These tests use continental U.S. counties, two timeframes (2010 and 2015), and two case study sub-regions (to identify changes in measurement associations going from national to regional scales given the place-based nature of each index). Geospatial analytics indicate a divergence with little overlap between SoVI and BRIC measurements, based on low negative correlation coefficients (around 30%) for both time periods. There is some spatial variability in measurement overlap, but less than 2% of counties show hot spot clustering of correlations of more than 50% in either year. The strongest overlap and divergence in both years occurs in few counties in California, Arizona, and Maine. The degree of overlap in measurements at the regional scale is greater in the Gulf Region (39%) than in the Southeast Atlantic region (21% in 2010; 28% in 2015) suggesting more homogeneity in Gulf Coast counties based on population and place characteristics. However, in both study areas SoVI and BRIC measurements are negatively associated. Given their inclusion in the National Risk Index, both social vulnerability and resilience metrics are needed to interpret the local community capacities in natural hazards risk planning, as a vulnerable community could be highly resilient or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Derakhshan
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Hazards Vulnerability and Resilience Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher T. Emrich
- School of Public Administration, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Cutter
- Department of Geography, Hazards Vulnerability and Resilience Institute, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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16
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Carnahan JL, Unroe KT. Prioritizing nursing home staff and leadership consistency to improve quality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:2472-2473. [PMID: 35770904 PMCID: PMC9489602 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This Editorial comments on the article by Zheng et al. in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Carnahan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen T Unroe
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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17
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Mabrouk S, Gurung A, Bahrami B, Baniya A, Bobba RS, Wu F, Pathak R, Qiao Q. Electrochemically Prepared Polyaniline as an Alternative to Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2022; 5:9351-9360. [PMID: 36034762 PMCID: PMC9400027 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to substitute the conventional high-cost poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an efficient and conducting polyaniline (PANI) polymer. The reported use of PANI in PSCs involves a chemical synthesis method which is prone to contamination with impurities as it requires several materials for polymerization and adhesion improvement with substrates, contributing to low device efficiencies. This work mitigates this issue using an electrochemical method that is low cost, less time consuming, and capable of producing thin films of PANI with excellent adhesion to substrates. Results demonstrated that the power conversion efficiency of the electrochemically synthesized PANI-based PSC is 16.94% versus 15.11% for the PEDOT:PSS-based device. It was observed that the work function of PANI was lower compared to that of PEDOT:PSS which decreased V OC but enhanced hole extraction at the hole transport layer/perovskite interface, thus increasing J SC. Doping electrolyte solution with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiTFSI increased the work function of PANI, thus increasing V OC from 0.87 to 0.93 V. This method enables simple and scalable synthesis of PANI as a competitive hole transport material to replace rather expensive PEDOT:PSS, thus enabling an important step toward low-cost inverted perovskite photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Mabrouk
- Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ashim Gurung
- Center
for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Behzad Bahrami
- Center
for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Abiral Baniya
- Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Raja Sekhar Bobba
- Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Fan Wu
- Key
Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Rajesh Pathak
- Center
for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and
Computer Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Quinn Qiao
- Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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18
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Patrick CJ, Kominoski JS, McDowell WH, Branoff B, Lagomasino D, Leon M, Hensel E, Hensel MJS, Strickland BA, Aide TM, Armitage A, Campos-Cerqueira M, Congdon VM, Crowl TA, Devlin DJ, Douglas S, Erisman BE, Feagin RA, Geist SJ, Hall NS, Hardison AK, Heithaus MR, Hogan JA, Hogan JD, Kinard S, Kiszka JJ, Lin TC, Lu K, Madden CJ, Montagna PA, O’Connell CS, Proffitt CE, Kiel Reese B, Reustle JW, Robinson KL, Rush SA, Santos RO, Schnetzer A, Smee DL, Smith RS, Starr G, Stauffer BA, Walker LM, Weaver CA, Wetz MS, Whitman ER, Wilson SS, Xue J, Zou X. A general pattern of trade-offs between ecosystem resistance and resilience to tropical cyclones. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl9155. [PMID: 35235355 PMCID: PMC8890713 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tropical cyclones drive coastal ecosystem dynamics, and their frequency, intensity, and spatial distribution are predicted to shift with climate change. Patterns of resistance and resilience were synthesized for 4138 ecosystem time series from n = 26 storms occurring between 1985 and 2018 in the Northern Hemisphere to predict how coastal ecosystems will respond to future disturbance regimes. Data were grouped by ecosystems (fresh water, salt water, terrestrial, and wetland) and response categories (biogeochemistry, hydrography, mobile biota, sedentary fauna, and vascular plants). We observed a repeated pattern of trade-offs between resistance and resilience across analyses. These patterns are likely the outcomes of evolutionary adaptation, they conform to disturbance theories, and they indicate that consistent rules may govern ecosystem susceptibility to tropical cyclones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Patrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - John S. Kominoski
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - William H. McDowell
- Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Benjamin Branoff
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - David Lagomasino
- Department of Coastal Studies, East Carolina University, Wanchese, NC 27981, USA
| | - Miguel Leon
- Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Enie Hensel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Marc J. S. Hensel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Bradley A. Strickland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - T. Mitchell Aide
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Anna Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
| | | | - Victoria M. Congdon
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
- Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 Eighth Avenue, Southeast, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Todd A. Crowl
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Donna J. Devlin
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Sarah Douglas
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Brad E. Erisman
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Rusty A. Feagin
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Simon J. Geist
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Nathan S. Hall
- Department of Physical Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Amber K. Hardison
- Department of Physical Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Michael R. Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - J. Aaron Hogan
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - J. Derek Hogan
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Sean Kinard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Teng-Chiu Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Kaijun Lu
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Christopher J. Madden
- Everglades-Florida Bay Ecosystem Lab, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL 33416, USA
| | - Paul A. Montagna
- Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | | | - C. Edward Proffitt
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Brandi Kiel Reese
- Marine Sciences, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA
| | - Joseph W. Reustle
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Kelly L. Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| | - Scott A. Rush
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Rolando O. Santos
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Astrid Schnetzer
- Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Delbert L. Smee
- Marine Sciences, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA
| | - Rachel S. Smith
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Gregory Starr
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Beth A. Stauffer
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| | - Lily M. Walker
- Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Weaver
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA
| | - Michael S. Wetz
- Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Whitman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Sara S. Wilson
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jianhong Xue
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA
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19
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Wagnon GS, Pletcher OM, Brown CR. Change in beak overhangs of cliff swallows over 40 years: Partly a response to parasites? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263422. [PMID: 35192650 PMCID: PMC8863248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some birds exhibit a maxillary overhang, in which the tip of the upper beak projects beyond the lower mandible and may curve downward. The overhang is thought to help control ectoparasites on the feathers. Little is known about the extent to which the maxillary overhang varies spatially or temporally within populations of the same species. The colonial cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) has relatively recently shifted to almost exclusive use of artificial structures such as bridges and highway culverts for nesting and consequently has been exposed to higher levels of parasitism than on its ancestral cliff nesting sites. We examined whether increased ectoparasitism may have favored recent changes in the extent of the maxillary overhang. Using a specimen collection of cliff swallows from western Nebraska, USA, spanning 40 years and field data on live birds, we found that the extent of the maxillary overhang increased across years in a nonlinear way, peaking in the late 2000’s, and varied inversely with cliff swallow colony size for unknown reasons. The number of fleas on nestling cliff swallows declined in general over this period. Those birds with perceptible overhangs had fewer swallow bugs on the outside of their nest, but they did not have higher nesting success than birds with no overhangs. The intraspecific variation in the maxillary overhang in cliff swallows was partly consistent with it having a functional role in combatting ectoparasites. The temporal increase in the extent of the overhang may be a response by cliff swallows to their relatively recent increased exposure to parasitism. Our results demonstrate that this avian morphological trait can change rapidly over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi S. Wagnon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Olivia M. Pletcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Jamison AF, McCormick BJJ, Hussain E, Thomas ED, Azam SI, Hansen CL, Rasmussen ZA. Determinants of vaccine coverage and timeliness in a northern Pakistani village. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263712. [PMID: 35176050 PMCID: PMC8853560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of vaccine preventable disease in Pakistan remains high despite a long-standing Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). We describe vaccine completeness, timeliness and determinants of coverage from a remote rural cohort (2012–2014). Vaccination histories were taken from EPI records. Vaccination was complete if all doses were received according to the EPI schedule and timely if doses were not ≥3 days early or ≥ 28 days late. Three models are presented: a multivariable logistic regression of household demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with complete vaccination, a multivariable mixed effects logistic regression assessing whether or not the vaccine was administered late (versus on-time), and a mixed effects multivariable Poisson regression model analysing the interval (in days) between vaccine doses. Of 959 enrolled children with full vaccination histories, 88.2 and 65.1% were fully vaccinated following either the pentavalent or DPT/HBV schedules if measles was excluded; coverage dropped to 50.0 and 27.1% when both doses of measles were included. Sixty-four (6.7%) were unvaccinated. Coverage and timeliness declined with subsequent doses. Migrating into the village after 1995 (95%CI 1.88 to 5.17) was associated with late vaccination. Being male, having an older father, and having parents with at least some formal education reduced the likelihood of a late dose. The interval between doses was consistent at 5 weeks (compared with the 4 weeks recommended by EPI). None of the socio-demographic variables were related to the likelihood of receiving full coverage. Vaccine coverage in Oshikhandass was higher than national averages. Measles vaccine coverage and timeliness were low; special consideration should be paid to this vaccine. The local vaccination schedule differed from the EPI, but the consistency suggests good local administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. Jamison
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | | | - Ejaz Hussain
- Administration Department, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Elizabeth D. Thomas
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Syed Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Chelsea L. Hansen
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Zeba A. Rasmussen
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Babichuk IS, Romaniuk YA, Golovynskyi S, Hurtavy VG, Mudryi AV, Zhivulko VD, Babichuk IV, Xu C, Lin C, Cao M, Hreshchuk OM, Yukhymchuk VO, Valakh MY, Li B, Yang J. Spectroscopy and Theoretical Modeling of Phonon Vibration Modes and Band Gap Energy of Cu 2ZnSn(S x Se 1-x ) 4 Bulk Crystals and Thin Films. ACS Omega 2021; 6:29137-29148. [PMID: 34746602 PMCID: PMC8567408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor Cu2ZnSn(S x Se1-x )4 (CZTSSe) solid solution is considered as a perspective absorber material for solar cells. However, during its synthesis or deposition, any modification in the resulting optical properties is hardly predicted. In this study, experimental and theoretical analyses of CZTSSe bulk crystals and thin films are presented based on Raman scattering and absorption spectroscopies together with compositional and morphological characterizations. CZTSSe bulk and thin films are studied upon a change in the x = S/(S + Se) aspect ratio. The morphological study is focused on surface visualization of the solid solutions, depending on x variation. It has been discovered for the first time that the surface of the bulk CZTSSe crystal with x = 0.35 has pyramid-like structures. The information obtained from the elemental analysis helps to consider the formation of a set of possible intrinsic lattice defects, including vacancies, self-interstitials, antisites, and defect complexes. Due to these results and the experimentally obtained values of the band gap within 1.0-1.37 eV, a deviation from the calculated band gap values is estimated in the range of 1.0-1.5 eV. It is suggested which defects can have an influence on such a band gap change. Also, on comparing the experimental Raman spectra of CZTSSe with the theoretical modeling results, an excellent agreement is obtained for the main Raman bands. The proposed theoretical approach allows to estimate the values of concentration of atoms (S or Se) for CZTSSe solid solution directly from the experimental Raman spectra. Thus, the visualization of morphology and the proposed theoretical approach at various x values will help for a deeper understanding of the CZTSSe structure to develop next-generation solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Babichuk
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Yurii A. Romaniuk
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Sergii Golovynskyi
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Vitali G. Hurtavy
- State
Research and Production Association “Research and Practice
Center for Material Science of the National Academy of Sciences of
Belarus”, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Alexander V. Mudryi
- State
Research and Production Association “Research and Practice
Center for Material Science of the National Academy of Sciences of
Belarus”, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Vadim D. Zhivulko
- State
Research and Production Association “Research and Practice
Center for Material Science of the National Academy of Sciences of
Belarus”, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Iryna V. Babichuk
- National
Center “Minor Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv 04119, Ukraine
| | - Chengqun Xu
- School of
Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Chubin Lin
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Mingxuan Cao
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Mykhailo Ya. Valakh
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Baikui Li
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty
of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
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22
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Chérif N, Amdouni F, Bessadok B, Tagorti G, Sadok S. Chitosan Treatment of E-11 Cells Modulates Transcription of Nonspecific Immune Genes and Reduces Nodavirus Capsid Protein Gene Expression. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3097. [PMID: 34827829 PMCID: PMC8614572 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores whether crustacean products inhibit viral infections in aquaculture. Chitosan (CHT) was extracted from waste products of Parapenaeus longirostris. Biochemical composition, viscosity measurement, molecular weight, structure and cytotoxicity tests were used to characterize the extracted chitosan. Cultures of E-11 cells derived from snakehead Ophicephalus striatus were inoculated with 106.74 TCID50 of an isolate of betanodavirus genotype RGNNV (redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus) after being treated with solutions of 0.3% CHT for 1 h at room temperature. The antiviral effect of CHT was assessed by comparing the ability of RGNVV to replicate and produce cytopathic effects on CHT-treated cell cultures. The change in RNA expression levels of the nodavirus capsid protein gene and three mediator genes in infected cells with or without CHT treatment was evaluated by qPCR. Changes in gene expression compared to control groups were monitored at 6, 24, 48 and 71 h post treatment in all target gene transcripts. The CCR3 expression in CHT treated cells showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) until day 3. On the other hand, the expression of TNF-α decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in CHT treated cells throughout the experimental period. Likewise, the expression of the IL-10 gene showed a significant downregulation in CHT treated cells at all time points (p ≤ 0.05). As further evidence of an antiviral effect, CHT treatment of cells produced a reduction in virus load as measured by a reduced expression of the viral capsid gene and the increase in RQ values from 406 ± 1.9 at hour 1 to 695 ± 3.27 at 72 h post inoculation. Statistical analysis showed that the expression of the viral capsid gene was significantly lower in cells treated with chitosan (p ≤ 0.05). These results improve our knowledge about the antiviral activity of this bioactive molecule and highlight its potential use in fish feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chérif
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Sea Sciences and Technologies, 28 Rue de 2 Mars 1934, Salamboo 2025, Tunisia; (F.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Fatma Amdouni
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Sea Sciences and Technologies, 28 Rue de 2 Mars 1934, Salamboo 2025, Tunisia; (F.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Boutheina Bessadok
- B3Aqua Laboratory, National Institute of Sea Sciences and Technologies, 28 Rue de 2 Mars 1934, Salamboo 2025, Tunisia; (B.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Ghada Tagorti
- Aquaculture Laboratory, National Institute of Sea Sciences and Technologies, 28 Rue de 2 Mars 1934, Salamboo 2025, Tunisia; (F.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Saloua Sadok
- B3Aqua Laboratory, National Institute of Sea Sciences and Technologies, 28 Rue de 2 Mars 1934, Salamboo 2025, Tunisia; (B.B.); (S.S.)
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23
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Rasmussen ZA, Shah WH, Hansen CL, Azam SI, Hussain E, Schaefer BA, Zhong N, Jamison AF, Ahmed K, McCormick BJJ. Examining the relationships between early childhood experiences and adolescent and young adult health status in a resource-limited population: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003745. [PMID: 34582458 PMCID: PMC8478204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical point in the realization of human capital, as health and educational decisions with long-term impacts are made. We examined the role of early childhood experiences on health, cognitive abilities, and educational outcomes of adolescents followed up from a longitudinal cohort study in Pakistan, hypothesizing that early childhood experiences reflecting poverty would manifest in reduced health and development in adolescence. METHODS AND FINDINGS Adolescents/young adults previously followed as children aged under 5 years were interviewed. Childhood data were available on diarrhea, pneumonia, and parental/household characteristics. New data were collected on health, anthropometry, education, employment, and languages spoken; nonverbal reasoning was assessed. A multivariable Bayesian network was constructed to explore structural relationships between variables. Of 1,868 children originally enrolled, 1,463 (78.3%) were interviewed as adolescents (range 16.0-29.3 years, mean age 22.6 years); 945 (65%) lived in Oshikhandass. While 1,031 (70.5%) of their mothers and 440 (30.1%) of their fathers had received no formal education, adolescents reported a mean of 11.1 years of education. Childhood diarrhea (calculated as episodes/child-year) had no association with nonverbal reasoning score (an arc was supported in just 4.6% of bootstrap samples), health measures (with BMI, 1% of bootstrap samples; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 0.1% and 1.6% of bootstrap samples, respectively), education (0.7% of bootstrap samples), or employment (0% of bootstrap samples). Relationships were found between nonverbal reasoning and adolescent height (arc supported in 63% of bootstrap samples), age (84%), educational attainment (100%), and speaking English (100%); speaking English was linked to the childhood home environment, mediated through maternal education and primary language. Speaking English (n = 390, 26.7% of adolescents) was associated with education (100% of bootstrap samples), self-reported child health (82%), current location (85%) and variables describing childhood socioeconomic status. The main limitations of this study were the lack of parental data to characterize the home setting (including parental mental and physical health, and female empowerment) and reliance on self-reporting of health status. CONCLUSIONS In this population, investments in education, especially for females, are associated with an increase in human capital. Against the backdrop of substantial societal change, with the exception of a small and indirect association between childhood malnutrition and cognitive scores, educational opportunities and cultural language groups have stronger associations with aspects of human capital than childhood morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba A. Rasmussen
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wasiat H. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Chelsea L. Hansen
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Syed Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Hussain
- Administration Department, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Barbara A. Schaefer
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicole Zhong
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexandra F. Jamison
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Benjamin J. J. McCormick
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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24
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Armenteras D, Dávalos LM, Barreto JS, Miranda A, Hernández-Moreno A, Zamorano-Elgueta C, González-Delgado TM, Meza-Elizalde MC, Retana J. Fire-induced loss of the world's most biodiverse forests in Latin America. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/33/eabd3357. [PMID: 34389532 PMCID: PMC8363147 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fire plays a dominant role in deforestation, particularly in the tropics, but the relative extent of transformations and influence of fire frequency on eventual forest loss remain unclear. Here, we analyze the frequency of fire and its influence on postfire forest trajectories between 2001 and 2018. We account for ~1.1% of Latin American forests burnt in 2002-2003 (8,465,850 ha). Although 40.1% of forests (3,393,250 ha) burned only once, by 2018, ~48% of the evergreen forests converted to other, primarily grass-dominated uses. While greater fire frequency yielded more transformation, our results reveal the staggering impact of even a single fire. Increasing fire frequency imposes greater risks of irreversible forest loss, transforming forests into ecosystems increasingly vulnerable to degradation. Reversing this trend is indispensable to both mitigate and adapt to climate change globally. As climate change transforms fire regimes across the region, key actions are needed to conserve Latin American forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Armenteras
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Liliana M Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 630 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 129 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joan S Barreto
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Miranda
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Conservación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temco, Chile
| | - Angela Hernández-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Camino Baguales s/n Km 4, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Carlos Zamorano-Elgueta
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Tania M González-Delgado
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María C Meza-Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Retana
- CREAF- Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Palinkas LA, Springgate BF, Sugarman OK, Hancock J, Wennerstrom A, Haywood C, Meyers D, Johnson A, Polk M, Pesson CL, Seay JE, Stallard CN, Wells KB. A Rapid Assessment of Disaster Preparedness Needs and Resources during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18020425. [PMID: 33430355 PMCID: PMC7825778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: This year has seen the emergence of two major crises, a significant increase in the frequency and severity of hurricanes and the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known as to how each of these two events have impacted the other. A rapid qualitative assessment was conducted to determine the impact of the pandemic on preparedness and response to natural disasters and the impact of past experiences with natural disasters in responding to the pandemic. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 representatives of 24 different community-based programs in southern Louisiana. Data were analyzed using procedures embedded in the Rapid Assessment Procedure-Informed Community Ethnography methodology, using techniques of immersion and crystallization and focused thematic analysis. Results: The pandemic has impacted the form and function of disaster preparedness, making it harder to plan for evacuations in the event of a hurricane. Specific concerns included being able to see people in person, providing food and other resources to residents who shelter in place, finding volunteers to assist in food distribution and other forms of disaster response, competing for funds to support disaster-related activities, developing new support infrastructures, and focusing on equity in disaster preparedness. However, several strengths based on disaster preparedness experience and capabilities were identified, including providing a framework for how to respond and adapt to COVID and integration of COVID response with their normal disaster preparedness activities. Conclusions: Although prior experience has enabled community-based organizations to respond to the pandemic, the pandemic is also creating new challenges to preparing for and responding to natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Palinkas
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-922-7265; Fax: +1-213-740-0789
| | - Benjamin F. Springgate
- LSU Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.F.S.); (O.K.S.); (A.W.); (C.L.P.); (J.E.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Olivia K. Sugarman
- LSU Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.F.S.); (O.K.S.); (A.W.); (C.L.P.); (J.E.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Jill Hancock
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Ashley Wennerstrom
- LSU Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.F.S.); (O.K.S.); (A.W.); (C.L.P.); (J.E.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Catherine Haywood
- Louisiana Community Health Outreach Network, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
| | - Diana Meyers
- St. Anna’s Episcopal Church, New Orleans, LA 70116, USA;
| | - Arthur Johnson
- Lower Ninth Ward Center for Sustainable Engagement and Development, New Orleans, LA 70117, USA;
| | - Mara Polk
- National Alliance on Metal Illness-New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70115, USA;
| | - Carter L. Pesson
- LSU Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.F.S.); (O.K.S.); (A.W.); (C.L.P.); (J.E.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Jessica E. Seay
- LSU Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.F.S.); (O.K.S.); (A.W.); (C.L.P.); (J.E.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Caroline N. Stallard
- LSU Health Sciences Center—New Orleans, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.F.S.); (O.K.S.); (A.W.); (C.L.P.); (J.E.S.); (C.N.S.)
| | - Kenneth B. Wells
- Center for Health Services and Society, Jane and Terry Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
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Yu EYW, Wesselius A, Mehrkanoon S, Brinkman M, van den Brandt P, White E, Weiderpass E, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Gunter M, Huybrechts I, Liedberg F, Skeie G, Tjonneland A, Riboli E, Giles GG, Milne RL, Zeegers MP. Grain and dietary fiber intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1252-1266. [PMID: 32778880 PMCID: PMC7657329 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intakes of whole grains and dietary fiber have been associated with lower risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation, which are known predisposing factors for cancer. OBJECTIVES Because the evidence of association with bladder cancer (BC) is limited, we aimed to assess associations with BC risk for intakes of whole grains, refined grains, and dietary fiber. METHODS We pooled individual data from 574,726 participants in 13 cohort studies, 3214 of whom developed incident BC. HRs, with corresponding 95% CIs, were estimated using Cox regression models stratified on cohort. Dose-response relations were examined using fractional polynomial regression models. RESULTS We found that higher intake of total whole grain was associated with lower risk of BC (comparing highest with lowest intake tertile: HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98; HR per 1-SD increment: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; P for trend: 0.023). No association was observed for intake of total refined grain. Intake of total dietary fiber was also inversely associated with BC risk (comparing highest with lowest intake tertile: HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98; HR per 1-SD increment: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; P for trend: 0.021). In addition, dose-response analyses gave estimated HRs of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.99) for intake of total whole grain and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.98) for intake of total dietary fiber per 5-g daily increment. When considered jointly, highest intake of whole grains with the highest intake of dietary fiber showed 28% reduced risk (95% CI: 0.54, 0.93; P for trend: 0.031) of BC compared with the lowest intakes, suggesting potential synergism. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of total whole grain and total dietary fiber are associated with reduced risk of BC individually and jointly. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Y W Yu
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Siamak Mehrkanoon
- Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maree Brinkman
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Studies and Nutritional Epidemiology, Nutrition Biomed Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Piet van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emily White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Fredrik Liedberg
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Tjonneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Berenshtein I, Paris CB, Perlin N, Alloy MM, Joye SB, Murawski S. Invisible oil beyond the Deepwater Horizon satellite footprint. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaw8863. [PMID: 32095516 PMCID: PMC7015680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Major oil spills are catastrophic events that immensely affect the environment and society, yet determining their spatial extent is a highly complex task. During the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout, ~149,000 km2 of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) was covered by oil slicks and vast areas of the Gulf were closed for fishing. Yet, the satellite footprint does not necessarily capture the entire oil spill extent. Here, we use in situ observations and oil spill transport modeling to examine the full extent of the DWH spill, focusing on toxic-to-biota (i.e., marine organisms) oil concentration ranges. We demonstrate that large areas of the GoM were exposed to invisible and toxic oil that extended beyond the boundaries of the satellite footprint and the fishery closures. With a global increase in petroleum production-related activities, a careful assessment of oil spills' full extent is necessary to maximize environmental and public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Berenshtein
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.B.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Claire B. Paris
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.B.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Natalie Perlin
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Matthew M. Alloy
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Samantha B. Joye
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steve Murawski
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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Kelsey KT, Rytel M, Dere E, Butler R, Eliot M, Huse SM, Houseman EA, Koestler DC, Boekelheide K. Serum dioxin and DNA methylation in the sperm of operation ranch hand veterans exposed to Agent Orange. Environ Health 2019; 18:91. [PMID: 31665024 PMCID: PMC6819394 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the herbicide Agent Orange during the Vietnam War was widespread and is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes. A continuing concern of veterans is the possibility that exposure to the dioxin-containing herbicide might induce adverse reproductive outcomes. We sought to assess whether exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam was associated with changes in DNA methylation in sperm in a subset of Vietnam veterans who participated in the Air Force Health Study (AFHS). METHODS We studied 37 members of the AFHS chosen to have no, low, medium or high exposure to Agent Orange, based upon serum dioxin levels obtained during a series of examinations. DNA from stored semen was extracted and DNA methylation assessed on the Illumina 450 K platform. RESULTS Initial epigenome-wide analysis returned no loci that survived control for false discovery. However, the TEAD3 gene had four different CpG sites that showed loss of DNA methylation associated with dioxin exposure. Analysis assessing regional DNA methylation changes revealed 36 gene regions, including the region of the imprinted gene H19 to have altered DNA methylation associated with high exposure compared to the low exposure group. Additional comparison of our data with sperm DNA methylation data from Russian boys exposed to dioxin found an additional 5 loci that were altered in both studies and exhibited a consistent direction of association. CONCLUSIONS Studying a small number of sperm samples from veterans enrolled in the AFHS, we did not find evidence of significant epigenome-wide alterations associated with exposure to Agent Orange. However, additional analysis showed that the H19 gene region is altered in the sperm of Agent Orange-exposed Ranch Hand veterans. Our study also replicated several findings of a prior study of dioxin-exposed Russian boys. These results provide additional candidate loci for further investigation and may have implications for the reproductive health of dioxin-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T. Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Matthew Rytel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Edward Dere
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Rondi Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Susan M. Huse
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701 USA
| | | | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Diray-Arce J, Knowles A, Suvorov A, O’Brien J, Hansen C, Bybee SM, Gul B, Khan MA, Nielsen BL. Identification and evolutionary characterization of salt-responsive transcription factors in the succulent halophyte Suaeda fruticosa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222940. [PMID: 31545841 PMCID: PMC6756544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are key regulatory elements that affect gene expression in response to specific signals, including environmental stresses such as salinity. Halophytes are specialized plants that have the ability to complete their life cycle in saline environments. In this study we have identified and characterized the evolutionary relationships of putative transcription factors (TF) in an obligate succulent halophyte, Suaeda fruticosa, that are involved in conferring salt tolerance. Using RNA-seq data we have analyzed the expression patterns of certain TF families, predicted protein-protein interactions, and analyzed evolutionary trajectories to elucidate their possible roles in salt tolerance. We have detected the top differentially expressed (DE) transcription factor families (MYB, CAMTA, MADS-box and bZIP) that show the most pronounced response to salinity. The majority of DE genes in the four aforementioned TF families cluster together on TF phylogenetic trees, which suggests common evolutionary origins and trajectories. This research represents the first comprehensive TF study of a leaf succulent halophyte including their evolutionary relationships with TFs in other halophyte and salt-senstive plants. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the function of salt-responsive transcription factors in salt tolerance and associated gene regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Diray-Arce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Alisa Knowles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Anton Suvorov
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jacob O’Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Collin Hansen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Bybee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Ajmal Khan
- Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Patrick CJ, McGarvey DJ, Larson JH, Cross WF, Allen DC, Benke AC, Brey T, Huryn AD, Jones J, Murphy CA, Ruffing C, Saffarinia P, Whiles MR, Wallace JB, Woodward G. Precipitation and temperature drive continental-scale patterns in stream invertebrate production. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav2348. [PMID: 31001582 PMCID: PMC6469944 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Secondary production, the growth of new heterotrophic biomass, is a key process in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that has been carefully measured in many flowing water ecosystems. We combine structural equation modeling with the first worldwide dataset on annual secondary production of stream invertebrate communities to reveal core pathways linking air temperature and precipitation to secondary production. In the United States, where the most extensive set of secondary production estimates and covariate data were available, we show that precipitation-mediated, low-stream flow events have a strong negative effect on secondary production. At larger scales (United States, Europe, Central America, and Pacific), we demonstrate the significance of a positive two-step pathway from air to water temperature to increasing secondary production. Our results provide insights into the potential effects of climate change on secondary production and demonstrate a modeling framework that can be applied across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Patrick
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- *Corresponding author.
| | - D. J. McGarvey
- Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - J. H. Larson
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd., La Crosse, WI 54603, USA
| | - W. F. Cross
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - D. C. Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - A. C. Benke
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - T. Brey
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven & Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - A. D. Huryn
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - J. Jones
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - C. A. Murphy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C. Ruffing
- University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - P. Saffarinia
- University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - M. R. Whiles
- Department of Zoology, Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - J. B. Wallace
- Department of Entomology and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - G. Woodward
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Rd., Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
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Guzmán JM, Luckenbach JA, Middleton MA, Massee KC, Jensen C, Goetz FW, Jasonowicz AJ, Swanson P. Reproductive life history of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) from the U.S. Washington coast. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184413. [PMID: 28886138 PMCID: PMC5590928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is a marine groundfish that supports valuable fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean and holds promise for marine aquaculture. Limited information is available, however, about its reproductive biology. This study aimed to characterize the complete reproductive cycle, including seasonal changes in gonadal development (macroscopic and histological), plasma sex steroid levels (17β-estradiol -E2-, and 11-ketotestosterone -11KT-), gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices (GSI, and HSI), and condition factor (K) of female and male sablefish captured off the Washington coast. Adult fish (209 females, 159 males) were caught by longline monthly from August 2012 to August 2013. Early signs of recruitment of ovarian follicles into secondary growth, indicated by oocytes containing small yolk granules and cortical alveoli, were first observed in March. Oogenesis progressed during spring and summer, and fully vitellogenic follicles were first observed in July. Vitellogenic growth was correlated with increases in plasma E2, GSI, HSI and K. Periovulatory females, indicated by fully-grown oocytes with migrating germinal vesicles and hydrated oocytes, were found from November to February. At this stage, plasma E2 and GSI reached maximal levels. In males, proliferating cysts containing spermatocytes were first observed in April. Testicular development proceeded during spring and summer, a period during which all types of male germ cells were found. The first clusters of spermatozoa appeared in July, concomitant with a 5.2-fold increase in GSI. Spermiating males were observed from November to April; at this time, spermatids were absent or greatly reduced, and testis lobules were filled with spermatozoa. The highest levels of plasma 11KT were found in males at this stage. Postspawning ovaries and testes, and basal steroids levels were found in fish captured from February to April. These results suggest that sablefish in coastal Washington initiate their reproductive cycle in March/April and spawn primarily in January/February.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Guzmán
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Adam Luckenbach
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Mollie A. Middleton
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth C. Massee
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Cortney Jensen
- Ocean Associates Inc., Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Frederick W. Goetz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Jasonowicz
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Penny Swanson
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
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Ruiz R, Jahid S, Harris M, Marzese DM, Espitia F, Vasudeva P, Chen CF, de Feraudy S, Wu J, Gillen DL, Krasieva TB, Tromberg BJ, Pavan WJ, Hoon DS, Ganesan AK. The RhoJ-BAD signaling network: An Achilles' heel for BRAF mutant melanomas. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006913. [PMID: 28753606 PMCID: PMC5549996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes and pathways that allow cells to cope with oncogene-induced stress represent selective cancer therapeutic targets that remain largely undiscovered. In this study, we identify a RhoJ signaling pathway that is a selective therapeutic target for BRAF mutant cells. RhoJ deletion in BRAF mutant melanocytes modulates the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD as well as genes involved in cellular metabolism, impairing nevus formation, cellular transformation, and metastasis. Short-term treatment of nascent melanoma tumors with PAK inhibitors that block RhoJ signaling halts the growth of BRAF mutant melanoma tumors in vivo and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells in vitro via a BAD-dependent mechanism. As up to 50% of BRAF mutant human melanomas express high levels of RhoJ, these studies nominate the RhoJ-BAD signaling network as a therapeutic vulnerability for fledgling BRAF mutant human tumors. BRAFV600E is the most common mutation in human melanomas, and kinase inhibitors that block BRAFV600E signaling can rapidly induce tumor regression but only modestly improve melanoma long-term survival. In this study, we identify a novel therapeutic vulnerability for BRAF mutant melanoma tumors. Targeting RhoJ signaling with existing PAK inhibitors was more efficient at blocking the progression of BRAF mutant tumors in vivo when compared to kinase inhibitors currently used to treat melanoma. Approximately half of all human BRAF mutant melanoma tumors express high levels of RhoJ, identifying the RhoJ-BAD pathway as a novel target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Ruiz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Sohail Jahid
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Melissa Harris
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Diego M. Marzese
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
| | - Francisco Espitia
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Priya Vasudeva
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Chi-Fen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Sebastien de Feraudy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Gillen
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Tatiana B. Krasieva
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - William J. Pavan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Dave S. Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
| | - Anand K. Ganesan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Ehlen JC, Brager AJ, Baggs J, Pinckney L, Gray CL, DeBruyne JP, Esser KA, Takahashi JS, Paul KN. Bmal1 function in skeletal muscle regulates sleep. eLife 2017; 6:e26557. [PMID: 28726633 PMCID: PMC5574702 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss can severely impair the ability to perform, yet the ability to recover from sleep loss is not well understood. Sleep regulatory processes are assumed to lie exclusively within the brain mainly due to the strong behavioral manifestations of sleep. Whole-body knockout of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 in mice affects several aspects of sleep, however, the cells/tissues responsible are unknown. We found that restoring Bmal1 expression in the brains of Bmal1-knockout mice did not rescue Bmal1-dependent sleep phenotypes. Surprisingly, most sleep-amount, but not sleep-timing, phenotypes could be reproduced or rescued by knocking out or restoring BMAL1 exclusively in skeletal muscle, respectively. We also found that overexpression of skeletal-muscle Bmal1 reduced the recovery response to sleep loss. Together, these findings demonstrate that Bmal1 expression in skeletal muscle is both necessary and sufficient to regulate total sleep amount and reveal that critical components of normal sleep regulation occur in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Ehlen
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Allison J Brager
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
| | - Julie Baggs
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Lennisha Pinckney
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Cloe L Gray
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Jason P DeBruyne
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Myology Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ketema N Paul
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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McCrackin ML, Cooter EJ, Dennis RL, Harrison JA, Compton JE. Alternative futures of dissolved inorganic nitrogen export from the Mississippi River Basin: influence of crop management, atmospheric deposition, and population growth. Biogeochemistry 2017; 133:263-277. [PMID: 30505046 PMCID: PMC6260936 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-017-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) export from the Mississippi River Basin contributes to seasonal hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). We explored monthly dissolved inorganic N (DIN) export to the GOM for a historical year (2002) and two future scenarios (year 2022) by linking macroeonomic energy, agriculture market, air quality, and agriculture land management models to a DIN export model. Future scenarios considered policies aimed at encouraging bioenergy crop production and reducing atmospheric N-emissions, as well as the effect of population growth and the states' infrastructure plans on sewage fluxes. Model-derived DIN export decreased by about 9% (from 279 to 254 kg N km-2 year-1) between 2002 and 2022 due to a 28% increase in area planted with corn, 24% improvement in crop N-recovery efficiency (NRE, to 0.52), 22% reduction in atmospheric N deposition, and 23% increase in sewage inputs. Changes in atmospheric and sewage inputs had a relatively small effect on DIN export and the effect of bioenergy crop production depended on nutrient management practices. Without improved NRE, increased production of corn would have increased DIN export by about 14% (to 289 kg N km-2 year-1) between 2002 and 2022. Model results suggest that meeting future crop demand while reducing the areal extent of hypoxia could require aggressive actions, such improving basin-level crop NRE to 0.62 or upgrading N-removal capabilities in waste water treatment plants beyond current plans. Tile-drained cropland could contribute up to half of DIN export; thus, practices that reduce N losses from tile drains could also have substantial benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. McCrackin
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA USA
- Present Address: Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen J. Cooter
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Lab, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Robin L. Dennis
- Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Lab, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - John A. Harrison
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA USA
| | - Jana E. Compton
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
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Bortolotto GA, Danilewicz D, Andriolo A, Secchi ER, Zerbini AN. Whale, Whale, Everywhere: Increasing Abundance of Western South Atlantic Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Their Wintering Grounds. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164596. [PMID: 27736958 PMCID: PMC5063365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The western South Atlantic (WSA) humpback whale population inhabits the coast of Brazil during the breeding and calving season in winter and spring. This population was depleted to near extinction by whaling in the mid-twentieth century. Despite recent signs of recovery, increasing coastal and offshore development pose potential threats to these animals. Therefore, continuous monitoring is needed to assess population status and support conservation strategies. The aim of this work was to present ship-based line-transect estimates of abundance for humpback whales in their WSA breeding ground and to investigate potential changes in population size. Two cruises surveyed the coast of Brazil during August-September in 2008 and 2012. The area surveyed in 2008 corresponded to the currently recognized population breeding area; effort in 2012 was limited due to unfavorable weather conditions. WSA humpback whale population size in 2008 was estimated at 16,410 (CV = 0.228, 95% CI = 10,563-25,495) animals. In order to compare abundance between 2008 and 2012, estimates for the area between Salvador and Cabo Frio, which were consistently covered in the two years, were computed at 15,332 (CV = 0.243, 95% CI = 9,595-24,500) and 19,429 (CV = 0.101, 95% CI = 15,958-23,654) whales, respectively. The difference in the two estimates represents an increase of 26.7% in whale numbers in a 4-year period. The estimated abundance for 2008 is considered the most robust for the WSA humpback whale population because the ship survey conducted in that year minimized bias from various sources. Results presented here indicate that in 2008, the WSA humpback whale population was at least around 60% of its estimated pre-modern whaling abundance and that it may recover to its pre-exploitation size sooner than previously estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A. Bortolotto
- Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662–900, Brasil
- Instituto Aqualie, Av. Dr. Paulo Japiassu Coelho, 714, Sala 202, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36033–310, Brasil
- Sea Mammal Research Unit–SMRU, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Danilewicz
- Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662–900, Brasil
- Instituto Aqualie, Av. Dr. Paulo Japiassu Coelho, 714, Sala 202, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36033–310, Brasil
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Rio Grande do Sul–GEMARS, Av. Tramandaí, 976, Imbé, RS, 95625–000, Brasil
| | - Artur Andriolo
- Instituto Aqualie, Av. Dr. Paulo Japiassu Coelho, 714, Sala 202, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36033–310, Brasil
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica–LABEC, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036–900, Brasil
| | - Eduardo R. Secchi
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha–EcoMega, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203–900, Brasil
| | - Alexandre N. Zerbini
- Instituto Aqualie, Av. Dr. Paulo Japiassu Coelho, 714, Sala 202, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36033–310, Brasil
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115–6349, United States of America
- Cascadia Research Collective, 218 ½ 4 Ave W, Olympia, WA, 98501, United States of America
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Jiao X, Kabir F, Irum B, Khan AO, Wang Q, Li D, Khan AA, Husnain T, Akram J, Riazuddin S, Hejtmancik JF, Riazuddin SA. A Common Ancestral Mutation in CRYBB3 Identified in Multiple Consanguineous Families with Congenital Cataracts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157005. [PMID: 27326458 PMCID: PMC4915718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate the genetic determinants of autosomal recessive congenital cataracts in large consanguineous families. METHODS Affected individuals underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination and slit-lamp photographs of the cataractous lenses were obtained. An aliquot of blood was collected from all participating family members and genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells. Initially, a genome-wide scan was performed with genomic DNAs of family PKCC025 followed by exclusion analysis of our familial cohort of congenital cataracts. Protein-coding exons of CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYBB3, and CRYBA4 were sequenced bidirectionally. A haplotype was constructed with SNPs flanking the causal mutation for affected individuals in all four families, while the probability that the four familial cases have a common founder was estimated using EM and CHM-based algorithms. The expression of Crybb3 in the developing murine lens was investigated using TaqMan assays. RESULTS The clinical and ophthalmological examinations suggested that all affected individuals had nuclear cataracts. Genome-wide linkage analysis localized the causal phenotype in family PKCC025 to chromosome 22q with statistically significant two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) scores. Subsequently, we localized three additional families, PKCC063, PKCC131, and PKCC168 to chromosome 22q. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing identified a missense variation: c.493G>C (p.Gly165Arg) in CRYBB3 that segregated with the disease phenotype in all four familial cases. This variation was not found in ethnically matched control chromosomes, the NHLBI exome variant server, or the 1000 Genomes or dbSNP databases. Interestingly, all four families harbor a unique disease haplotype that strongly suggests a common founder of the causal mutation (p<1.64E-10). We observed expression of Crybb3 in the mouse lens as early as embryonic day 15 (E15), and expression remained relatively steady throughout development. CONCLUSION Here, we report a common ancestral mutation in CRYBB3 associated with autosomal recessive congenital cataracts identified in four familial cases of Pakistani origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Firoz Kabir
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
| | - Bushra Irum
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Arif O. Khan
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, 12329, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - David Li
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - Asma A. Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
- National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
- National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States of America
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Inclusive fitness has been the cornerstone of social evolution theory for more than a half-century and has matured as a mathematical theory in the past 20 years. Yet surprisingly for a theory so central to an entire field, some of its connections to evolutionary theory more broadly remain contentious or underappreciated. In this paper, we aim to emphasize the connection between inclusive fitness and modern evolutionary theory through the following fact: inclusive fitness is simply classical Darwinian fitness, averaged over social, environmental and demographic states that members of a gene lineage experience. Therefore, inclusive fitness is neither a generalization of classical fitness, nor does it belong exclusively to the individual. Rather, the lineage perspective emphasizes that evolutionary success is determined by the effect of selection on all biological and environmental contexts that a lineage may experience. We argue that this understanding of inclusive fitness based on gene lineages provides the most illuminating and accurate picture and avoids pitfalls in interpretation and empirical applications of inclusive fitness theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Akçay
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Van Cleve
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
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