Pulsatile nanofluid flow with variable pressure gradient and heat transfer in wavy channel

This research contributes to the comprehension of nanofluid behaviour through a wavy channel, emphasizing the significance of considering diverse influences in the modelling process. The study explores the collective influence of pressure gradient variation, magnetic field, porosity, channel waviness, nanoparticle concentration, and heat transfer on nano-blood flow in a two-dimensional wavy channel. In contrast to prior research assuming a constant pulsatile pressure gradient during channel waviness, this innovative study introduces a variable pressure gradient, significantly influencing several associated parameters. The mathematical model characterizing nano-blood flow in a horizontally wavy channel is solved using the perturbation technique. Analytical solutions for fundamental variables such as stream function, velocity, wall shear stress, pressure gradient, and temperature are visually depicted across different physical parameters values. The findings obtained for differing parameter values in the given problem demonstrate a significant influence of the amplitude ratio parameter of channel waviness, Hartmann number of the magnetic field, permeability parameter of the porous medium, volume fraction of nanoparticles, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, and the suction/injection parameter on the flow dynamics. The simulations provide valuable insights into the decrease in velocity with increasing magnetic field and its increase with higher permeability. Additionally, the temperature is observed to escalate with a rising nanoparticle volume fraction and radiation parameter, while it declines with increasing Prandtl number.

Transcriptome Profiling of a Salt Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstock 'Ruggeri' throughout Salinity

Salinity is one of the substantial threats to plant productivity and could be escorted by other stresses such as heat and drought. It impairs critical biological processes, such as photosynthesis, energy, and water/nutrient acquisition, ultimately leading to cell death when stress intensity becomes uncured. Therefore, plants deploy several proper processes to overcome such hostile circumstances. Grapevine is one of the most important crops worldwide that is relatively salt-tolerant and preferentially cultivated in hot and semi-arid areas. One of the most applicable strategies for sustainable viticulture is using salt-tolerant rootstock such as Ruggeri (RUG). The rootstock showed efficient capacity of photosynthesis, ROS detoxification, and carbohydrate accumulation under salinity. The current study utilized the transcriptome profiling approach to identify the molecular events of RUG throughout a regime of salt stress followed by a recovery procedure. The data showed progressive changes in the transcriptome profiling throughout salinity, underpinning the involvement of a large number of genes in transcriptional reprogramming during stress. Our results established a considerable enrichment of the biological process GO-terms related to salinity adaptation, such as signaling, hormones, photosynthesis, carbohydrates, and ROS homeostasis. Among the battery of molecular/cellular responses launched upon salinity, ROS homeostasis plays the central role of salt adaptation.

Physiological Comparison of Two Salt-Excluder Hybrid Grapevine Rootstocks under Salinity Reveals Different Adaptation Qualities

Like other plant stresses, salinity is a central agricultural problem, mainly in arid or semi-arid regions. Therefore, salt-adapted plants have evolved several adaptation strategies to counteract salt-related events, such as photosynthesis inhibition, metabolic toxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. European grapes are usually grafted onto salt-tolerant rootstocks as a cultivation practice to alleviate salinity-dependent damage. In the current study, two grape rootstocks, 140 Ruggeri (RUG) and Millardet et de Grasset 420A (MGT), were utilized to evaluate the diversity of their salinity adaptation strategies. The results showed that RUG is able to maintain higher levels of the photosynthetic pigments (Chl-T, Chl-a, and Chl-b) under salt stress, and hence accumulates higher levels of total soluble sugars (TSS), monosaccharides, and disaccharides compared with the MGT rootstock. Moreover, it was revealed that the RUG rootstock maintains and/or increases the enzymatic activities of catalase, GPX, and SOD under salinity, giving it a more efficient ROS detoxification machinery under stress.