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Amrenova A, Ainsbury E, Baudin C, Giussani A, Lochard J, Rühm W, Scholz-Kreisel P, Trott K, Vaillant L, Wakeford R, Zölzer F, Laurier D. Consideration of hereditary effects in the radiological protection system: evolution and current status. Int J Radiat Biol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38190433 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the methodology used to estimate radiation genetic risks and quantify the risk of hereditary effects as outlined in the ICRP Publication 103. It aims to highlight the historical background and development of the doubling dose method for estimating radiation-related genetic risks and its continued use in radiological protection frameworks. RESULTS This article emphasizes the complexity associated with quantifying the risk of hereditary effects caused by radiation exposure and highlights the need for further clarification and explanation of the calculation method. As scientific knowledge in radiation sciences and human genetics continues to advance in relation to a number of factors including stability of disease frequency, selection pressures, and epigenetic changes, the characterization and quantification of genetic effects still remains a major issue for the radiological protection system of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. CONCLUSION Further research and advancements in this field are crucial for enhancing our understanding and addressing the complexities involved in assessing and managing the risks associated with hereditary effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amrenova
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - C Baudin
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - A Giussani
- BfS - Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - J Lochard
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - W Rühm
- BfS - Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - P Scholz-Kreisel
- BfS - Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - K Trott
- Deptartment Radiation Oncology, Technical University München, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - R Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F Zölzer
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - D Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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2
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Zölzer F, Schneider T, Ainsbury E, Goto A, Liutsko L, O'Reilly G, Lochard J. Ethical and societal aspects of radiological protection for offspring and next generations. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37947483 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2281523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the last decade or so, ethical and societal aspects of radiological protection have received increasing attention. This is also reflected in the publications of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The current paper aims at identifying relevant ethical and societal topics which should receive attention in the context of radiological protection for offspring and next generations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a non-comprehensive review of the subject, based on presentation made at an ICRP workshop in Budapest in 2022. We first discuss the ethical values promoted by ICRP, and the application of these values in cases of (potential) pre-conceptual and prenatal radiation exposures. We then consider experience gained after the Fukushima accident indicating particular societal concerns about the health effects of such exposures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Beneficence/non-maleficence, prudence, justice and dignity, the "core values" of the system of radiological protection have special roles to play when heritable and/or in utero effects are to be considered. Prudence, in particular, must be taken account of in view of the fact that solid scientific data in humans are largely lacking in this area, and it is necessary to rely on insights from animal experiments as well as theoretical considerations. As regards societal considerations, the perception of risk among (potentially) affected populations needs to be taken seriously. Accountability, transparency, and inclusivity, the "procedural values" promoted by ICRP for the practical implementation of the system of radiological protection play a central role in overcoming skepticism and creating trust. Stakeholder involvement should emphasize cooperation and dialogue, which allows for the joint evaluation of an exposure situation by experts and affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zölzer
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - T Schneider
- Nuclear Protection Evaluation Centre (CEPN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - A Goto
- Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - L Liutsko
- Institute for Primary Health Care Research Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAP Jordi Gol) & ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J Lochard
- Institute of Atomic Bomb Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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3
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Endesfelder D, Oestreicher U, Bucher M, Beinke C, Siebenwirth C, Ainsbury E, Moquet J, Gruel G, Gregoire E, Martinez JS, Vral A, Baeyens A, Valente M, Montoro A, Terzoudi G, Triantopoulou S, Pantelias A, Gil OM, Prieto MJ, Domene MM, Zafiropoulos D, Barquinero JF, Pujol-Canadell M, Lumniczky K, Hargitai R, Kis E, Testa A, Patrono C, Sommer S, Hristova R, Kostova N, Atanasova M, Sevriukova O, Domínguez I, Pastor N, Güçlü I, Pajic J, Sabatier L, Brochard P, Tichy A, Milanova M, Finot F, Petrenci CC, Wilkins RC, Beaton-Green LA, Seong KM, Lee Y, Lee YH, Balajee AS, Maznyk N, Sypko T, Pham ND, Tran TM, Miura T, Suto Y, Akiyamam M, Tsuyama N, Abe Y, Goh VST, Chua CEL, Abend M, Port M. RENEB Inter-Laboratory Comparison 2021: The Dicentric Chromosome Assay. Radiat Res 2023:492028. [PMID: 37018160 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
After large-scale radiation accidents where many individuals are suspected to be exposed to ionizing radiation, biological and physical retrospective dosimetry assays are important tools to aid clinical decision making by categorizing individuals into unexposed/minimally, moderately or highly exposed groups. Quality-controlled inter-laboratory comparisons of simulated accident scenarios are regularly performed in the frame of the European legal association RENEB (Running the European Network of Biological and Physical retrospective Dosimetry) to optimize international networking and emergency readiness in case of large-scale radiation events. In total 33 laboratories from 22 countries around the world participated in the current RENEB inter-laboratory comparison 2021 for the dicentric chromosome assay. Blood was irradiated in vitro with X rays (240 kVp, 13 mA, ∼75 keV, 1 Gy/min) to simulate an acute, homogeneous whole-body exposure. Three blood samples (no. 1: 0 Gy, no. 2: 1.2 Gy, no. 3: 3.5 Gy) were sent to each participant and the task was to culture samples, to prepare slides and to assess radiation doses based on the observed dicentric yields from 50 manually or 150 semi-automatically scored metaphases (triage mode scoring). Approximately two-thirds of the participants applied calibration curves from irradiations with γ rays and about 1/3 from irradiations with X rays with varying energies. The categorization of the samples in clinically relevant groups corresponding to individuals that were unexposed/minimally (0-1 Gy), moderately (1-2 Gy) or highly exposed (>2 Gy) was successfully performed by all participants for sample no. 1 and no. 3 and by ≥74% for sample no. 2. However, while most participants estimated a dose of exactly 0 Gy for the sham-irradiated sample, the precise dose estimates of the samples irradiated with doses >0 Gy were systematically higher than the corresponding reference doses and showed a median deviation of 0.5 Gy (sample no. 2) and 0.95 Gy (sample no. 3) for manual scoring. By converting doses estimated based on γ-ray calibration curves to X-ray doses of a comparable mean photon energy as used in this exercise, the median deviation decreased to 0.27 Gy (sample no. 2) and 0.6 Gy (sample no. 3). The main aim of biological dosimetry in the case of a large-scale event is the categorization of individuals into clinically relevant groups, to aid clinical decision making. This task was successfully performed by all participants for the 0 Gy and 3.5 Gy samples and by 74% (manual scoring) and 80% (semi-automatic scoring) for the 1.2 Gy sample. Due to the accuracy of the dicentric chromosome assay and the high number of participating laboratories, a systematic shift of the dose estimates could be revealed. Differences in radiation quality (X ray vs. γ ray) between the test samples and the applied dose effect curves can partly explain the systematic shift. There might be several additional reasons for the observed bias (e.g., donor effects, transport, experimental conditions or the irradiation setup) and the analysis of these reasons provides great opportunities for future research. The participation of laboratories from countries around the world gave the opportunity to compare the results on an international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Endesfelder
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - U Oestreicher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Bucher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - C Siebenwirth
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - E Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - J Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemicals and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Chilton, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - G Gruel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - E Gregoire
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - J S Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-Santé, SERAMED, LRAcc Fontenay-aux-Roses 92262, France
| | - A Vral
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - A Baeyens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Valente
- Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Radiation Biological, Effects Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - A Montoro
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría Biológica Servicio de Protección Radiológica Hospital Universitario Politécnico la Fe, Spain
| | - G Terzoudi
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - S Triantopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - A Pantelias
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - O Monteiro Gil
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Prieto
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica; Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - M M Domene
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón; Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica; Laboratorio de dosimetría biológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Zafiropoulos
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - K Lumniczky
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Hargitai
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Kis
- Radiation Medicine Unit, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Testa
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - C Patrono
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - S Sommer
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Hristova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N Kostova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Atanasova
- National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - O Sevriukova
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro, Italy
| | - I Domínguez
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - N Pastor
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Güçlü
- Nükleer Arş Ens. Yarımburgaz mah. Nükleer Arş yolu, Turkey
| | - J Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Sabatier
- PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France and Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - P Brochard
- PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France and Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Milanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - F Finot
- Genevolution, Porcheville, France
| | | | - R C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - K M Seong
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A S Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory; Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - N Maznyk
- aa Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory; S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T Sypko
- aa Radiation Cytogenetics Laboratory; S.P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of Ukrainian National Academy of Medical Science, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - N D Pham
- bb Biodosimetry Laboratory, Center for Radiation Technology & Biotechnology; Dalat Nuclear Research Institute; Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - T M Tran
- bb Biodosimetry Laboratory, Center for Radiation Technology & Biotechnology; Dalat Nuclear Research Institute; Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - T Miura
- cc Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Y Suto
- dd National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Akiyamam
- dd National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Tsuyama
- ee Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- ff Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - V S T Goh
- ff Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - C E L Chua
- gg Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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4
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Abdelhalim MA, Patel A, Moquet J, Smith A, Badie C, Anderson R, Ainsbury E, Modarai B. O003 Radiation-related chromosomal aberrations observed in high volume endovascular operators performing X-ray guided surgery. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac242.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The biological effects of chronic, low dose radiation, to which operators performing fluoroscopy-guided procedures are exposed, are unknown. We have previously demonstrated acute DNA damage/repair in lymphocytes from operators performing fluoroscopy-guided endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), but these markers normalised after 24 hours and did not inform on the residual accumulated effects of chronic radiation exposure. In the present study cytogenetic techniques were used to examine for chromosomal aberrations in endovascular operators.
Methods
Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from high volume endovascular operators performing EVAR and age-matched radiation naïve general surgeons as controls. Giemsa staining was used to visualise the full complement of chromosomes and all dicentrics, where 2 centromeres are present in a single chromosome, were identified. The genome was analysed for abnormal exchanges of genetic material between chromosomes using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridisation (mFISH).
Results
Lymphocytes from 18 operators (12 exposed, 6 controls) were analysed. A higher frequency of dicentric chromosomes were found in exposed operators compared with controls (0.0011 vs 0.0004, respectively, P=0.002) after examining 54,000 lymphocytes. Twice as many complex chromosome rearrangements were seen in endovascular operators compared with controls (0.48% vs 0.24%). Aneuploidy, the abnormal loss of chromosomes, was more frequent in endovascular operators with a median difference of 0.35 per chromosome (P=0.004).
Conclusion
We have found a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations in endovascular operators compared with radiation naïve colleagues. This justifies further individual biological profiling for genomic instability and personalised radiation risk assessment.
Take-home message
Radiation-related DNA damage occurs in endovascular operators despite current radiation protection measures. Biological dosimetry could be a useful tool, allowing personalised risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Abdelhalim
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - A Patel
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - J Moquet
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire
| | - A Smith
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - C Badie
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire
| | - R Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, Brunel University
| | - E Ainsbury
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation , Chemical and Environmental Threats and Hazards, Chilton, Oxfordshire
| | - B Modarai
- Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre of Excellence at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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Harrison RM, Ainsbury E, Alves J, Bottollier-Depois JF, Breustedt B, Caresana M, Clairand I, Fantuzzi E, Fattibene P, Gilvin P, Hupe O, Knežević Ž, Lopez MA, Olko P, Olšovcová V, Rabus H, Rühm W, Silari M, Stolarczyk L, Tanner R, Vanhavere F, Vargas A, Woda C. EURADOS STRATEGIC RESEARCH AGENDA 2020: VISION FOR THE DOSIMETRY OF IONISING RADIATION. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 194:42-56. [PMID: 33989429 PMCID: PMC8165425 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since 2012, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has developed its Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), which contributes to the identification of future research needs in radiation dosimetry in Europe. Continued scientific developments in this field necessitate regular updates and, consequently, this paper summarises the latest revision of the SRA, with input regarding the state of the art and vision for the future contributed by EURADOS Working Groups and through a stakeholder workshop. Five visions define key issues in dosimetry research that are considered important over at least the next decade. They include scientific objectives and developments in (i) updated fundamental dose concepts and quantities, (ii) improved radiation risk estimates deduced from epidemiological cohorts, (iii) efficient dose assessment for radiological emergencies, (iv) integrated personalised dosimetry in medical applications and (v) improved radiation protection of workers and the public. This SRA will be used as a guideline for future activities of EURADOS Working Groups but can also be used as guidance for research in radiation dosimetry by the wider community. It will also be used as input for a general European research roadmap for radiation protection, following similar previous contributions to the European Joint Programme for the Integration of Radiation Protection Research, under the Horizon 2020 programme (CONCERT). The full version of the SRA is available as a EURADOS report (www.eurados.org).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - J Alves
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), CTN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J-F Bottollier-Depois
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - B Breustedt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - I Clairand
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - E Fantuzzi
- ENEA - Radiation Protection Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - P Gilvin
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - O Hupe
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Ž Knežević
- Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M A Lopez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Olko
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (IFJ PAN), Kraków, Poland
| | - V Olšovcová
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - H Rabus
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Silari
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L Stolarczyk
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus, Denmark
- Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej Polskiej Akademii Nauk (IFJ PAN), Kraków, Poland
| | - R Tanner
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - F Vanhavere
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - A Vargas
- Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Woda
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
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6
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Waldner L, Bernhardsson C, Woda C, Trompier F, Van Hoey O, Kulka U, Oestreicher U, Bassinet C, Rääf C, Discher M, Endesfelder D, Eakins JS, Gregoire E, Wojcik A, Ristic Y, Kim H, Lee J, Yu H, Kim MC, Abend M, Ainsbury E. The 2019-2020 EURADOS WG10 and RENEB Field Test of Retrospective Dosimetry Methods in a Small-Scale Incident Involving Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res 2021; 195:253-264. [PMID: 33347576 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
With the use of ionizing radiation comes the risk of accidents and malevolent misuse. When unplanned exposures occur, there are several methods which can be used to retrospectively reconstruct individual radiation exposures; biological methods include analysis of aberrations and damage of chromosomes and DNA, while physical methods rely on luminescence (TL/OSL) or EPR signals. To ensure the quality and dependability of these methods, they should be evaluated under realistic exposure conditions. In 2019, EURADOS Working Group 10 and RENEB organized a field test with the purpose of evaluating retrospective dosimetry methods as carried out in potential real-life exposure scenarios. A 1.36 TBq 192Ir source was used to irradiate anthropomorphic phantoms in different geometries at doses of several Gy in an outdoor open-air geometry. Materials intended for accident dosimetry (including mobile phones and blood) were placed on the phantoms together with reference dosimeters (LiF, NaCl, glass). The objective was to estimate radiation exposures received by individuals as measured using blood and fortuitous materials, and to evaluate these methods by comparing the estimated doses to reference measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Herein we describe the overall planning, goals, execution and preliminary outcomes of the 2019 field test. Such field tests are essential for the development of new and existing methods. The outputs from this field test include useful experience in terms of planning and execution of future exercises, with respect to time management, radiation protection, and reference dosimetry to be considered to obtain relevant data for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Waldner
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Bernhardsson
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Woda
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - F Trompier
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Van Hoey
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Belgium
| | - U Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - U Oestreicher
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, BfS, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - C Bassinet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Rääf
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Discher
- Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Department of Geography and Geology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - D Endesfelder
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J S Eakins
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - E Gregoire
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Sweden and Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Y Ristic
- Lund University, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Division of Radiation Safety Management, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Division of Radiation Safety Management, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - H Yu
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Department of Radiological Emergency Preparedness, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M C Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Division of Radiation Safety Management, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - E Ainsbury
- Public Health England, CRCE, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
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7
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Rühm W, Ainsbury E, Breustedt B, Caresana M, Gilvin P, Knežević Ž, Rabus H, Stolarczyk L, Vargas A, Bottollier-Depois J, Harrison R, Lopez M, Stadtmann H, Tanner R, Vanhavere F, Woda C, Clairand I, Fantuzzi E, Fattibene P, Hupe O, Olko P, Olšovcová V, Schuhmacher H, Alves J, Miljanic S. The European radiation dosimetry group – Review of recent scientific achievements. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Kulka U, Wojcik A, Di Giorgio M, Wilkins R, Suto Y, Jang S, Quing-Jie L, Jiaxiang L, Ainsbury E, Woda C, Roy L, Li C, Lloyd D, Carr Z. BIODOSIMETRY AND BIODOSIMETRY NETWORKS FOR MANAGING RADIATION EMERGENCY. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2018; 182:128-138. [PMID: 30423161 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological dosimetry enables individual dose reconstruction in the case of unclear or inconsistent radiation exposure situations, especially when a direct measurement of ionizing radiation is not or is no longer possible. To be prepared for large-scale radiological incidents, networking between well-trained laboratories has been identified as a useful approach for provision of the fast and trustworthy dose assessments needed in such circumstances. To this end, various biodosimetry laboratories worldwide have joined forces and set up regional and/or nationwide networks either on a formal or informal basis. Many of these laboratories are also a part of global networks such as those organized by World Health Organization, International Atomic Energy Agency or Global Health Security Initiative. In the present report, biodosimetry networks from different parts of the world are presented, and the partners, activities and cooperation actions are detailed. Moreover, guidance for situational application of tools used for individual dosimetry is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Di Giorgio
- Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear, C1429BNP CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Wilkins
- Health Canada, Radiation Protection Bureau, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Y Suto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Jang
- Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - L Quing-Jie
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - L Jiaxiang
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - E Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - C Woda
- HelmholtzZentrum München, Institute of Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - L Roy
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C Li
- Health Canada, Radiation Protection Bureau, Ottawa, Canada
| | - D Lloyd
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Z Carr
- World Health Organization, Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, Geneva-27, Switzerland
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9
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Barnard S, Moquet J, Lloyd S, Ellender M, Ainsbury E, Quinlan R. Radiation-induced cataracts. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Barnard
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
| | - J. Moquet
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
| | - S. Lloyd
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
- School of Biosciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - M. Ellender
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
| | - E. Ainsbury
- Public Health England; Radiation Effects Didcot UK
| | - R. Quinlan
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
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10
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Ainsbury E. Radiation-induced cataracts: governmental safety aspects. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ainsbury
- CRCE- Radiation Effects; Public Health England; Oxford United Kingdom
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11
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Bouffler SD, Peters S, Gilvin P, Slack K, Markiewicz E, Quinlan RA, Gillan J, Coster M, Barnard S, Rothkamm K, Ainsbury E. The lens of the eye: exposures in the UK medical sector and mechanistic studies of radiation effects. Ann ICRP 2015; 44:84-90. [PMID: 25816262 DOI: 10.1177/0146645314560693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recommendation from the International Commission on Radiological Protection that the occupational equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye should be reduced to 20 mSv year(-1), averaged over 5 years with no year exceeding 50 mSv, has stimulated a discussion on the practicalities of implementation of this revised dose limit, and the most appropriate risk and protection framework to adopt. This brief paper provides an overview of some of the drivers behind the move to a lower recommended dose limit. The issue of implementation in the medical sector in the UK has been addressed through a small-scale survey of doses to the lens of the eye amongst interventional cardiologists and radiologists. In addition, a mechanistic study of early and late post-irradiation changes in the lens of the eye in in-vivo-exposed mice is outlined. Surveys and studies such as those described can contribute to a deeper understanding of fundamental and practical issues, and therefore contribute to a robust evidence base for ensuring adequate protection of the eye while avoiding undesirable restrictions to working practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Bouffler
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - S Peters
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - P Gilvin
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - K Slack
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - E Markiewicz
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, UK
| | - R A Quinlan
- Biophysical Sciences Institute, Durham University, UK
| | - J Gillan
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - M Coster
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - S Barnard
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - K Rothkamm
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - E Ainsbury
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK
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12
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Thierens H, Vral A, Vandevoorde C, Vandersickel V, de Gelder V, Romm H, Oestreicher U, Rothkamm K, Barnard S, Ainsbury E, Sommer S, Beinke C, Wojcik A. Is a semi-automated approach indicated in the application of the automated micronucleus assay for triage purposes? Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 159:87-94. [PMID: 24743767 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Within the EU MULTIBIODOSE project, the automated micronucleus (MN) assay was optimised for population triage in large-scale radiological emergencies. For MN scoring, two approaches were applied using the Metafer4 platform (MetaSystems, Germany): fully automated scoring and semi-automated scoring with visual inspection of the gallery of MN-positive objects. Dose-response curves were established for acute and protracted whole-body and partial-body exposures. A database of background MN yields was set up, allowing determination of the dose detection threshold in both scoring modes. An analysis of the overdispersion of the MN frequency distribution σ(2)/µ obtained by semi-automated scoring showed that the value of this parameter represents a reliability check of the calculated equivalent total body dose in case the accident overexposure is a partial-body exposure. The elaborated methodology was validated in an accident training exercise. Overall, the semi-automated scoring procedure represents important added value to the automated MN assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thierens
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - A Vral
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - C Vandevoorde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - V Vandersickel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - V de Gelder
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Building 5B3, De Pintelaan 185, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - H Romm
- Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - S Sommer
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Romm H, Ainsbury E, Barnard S, Barrios L, Barquinero JF, Beinke C, Deperas M, Gregoire E, Koivistoinen A, Lindholm C, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Puig R, Rothkamm K, Sommer S, Thierens H, Vandersickel V, Vral A, Wojcik A. Validation of semi-automatic scoring of dicentric chromosomes after simulation of three different irradiation scenarios. Health Phys 2014; 106:764-771. [PMID: 24776911 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Large scale radiological emergencies require high throughput techniques of biological dosimetry for population triage in order to identify individuals indicated for medical treatment. The dicentric assay is the "gold standard" technique for the performance of biological dosimetry, but it is very time consuming and needs well trained scorers. To increase the throughput of blood samples, semi-automation of dicentric scoring was investigated in the framework of the MULTIBIODOSE EU FP7 project, and dose effect curves were established in six biodosimetry laboratories. To validate these dose effect curves, blood samples from 33 healthy donors (>10 donors/scenario) were irradiated in vitro with ⁶⁰Co gamma rays simulating three different exposure scenarios: acute whole body, partial body, and protracted exposure, with three different doses for each scenario. All the blood samples were irradiated at Ghent University, Belgium, and then shipped blind coded to the participating laboratories. The blood samples were set up by each lab using their own standard protocols, and metaphase slides were prepared to validate the calibration curves established by semi-automatic dicentric scoring. In order to achieve this, 300 metaphases per sample were captured, and the doses were estimated using the newly formed dose effect curves. After acute uniform exposure, all laboratories were able to distinguish between 0 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 2.0, and 4.0 Gy (p < 0.001), and, in most cases, the dose estimates were within a range of ± 0.5 Gy of the given dose. After protracted exposure, all laboratories were able to distinguish between 1.0 Gy, 2.0 Gy, and 4.0 Gy (p < 0.001), and here also a large number of the dose estimates were within ± 0.5 Gy of the irradiation dose. After simulated partial body exposure, all laboratories were able to distinguish between 2.0 Gy, 4.0 Gy, and 6.0 Gy (p < 0.001). Overdispersion of the dicentric distribution enabled the detection of the partial body samples; however, this result was clearly dose-dependent. For partial body exposures, only a few dose estimates were in the range of ± 0.5 Gy of the given dose, but an improvement could be achieved with higher cell numbers. The new method of semi-automation of the dicentric assay was introduced successfully in a network of six laboratories. It is therefore concluded that this method can be used as a high-throughput screening tool in a large-scale radiation accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Romm
- *Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz (Germany); †Public Health England (United Kingdom); ‡Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain); §Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucleaire (France); **Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm (Germany); ††Stockholm University (Sweden); ‡‡Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (Finland); §§Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (Poland); ***University of Ghent (Belgium)
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14
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Romm H, Ainsbury E, Bajinskis A, Barnard S, Barquinero JF, Barrios L, Beinke C, Puig-Casanovas R, Deperas-Kaminska M, Gregoire E, Oestreicher U, Lindholm C, Moquet J, Rothkamm K, Sommer S, Thierens H, Vral A, Vandersickel V, Wojcik A. Web-based scoring of the dicentric assay, a collaborative biodosimetric scoring strategy for population triage in large scale radiation accidents. Radiat Environ Biophys 2014; 53:241-254. [PMID: 24557539 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the case of a large scale radiation accident high throughput methods of biological dosimetry for population triage are needed to identify individuals requiring clinical treatment. The dicentric assay performed in web-based scoring mode may be a very suitable technique. Within the MULTIBIODOSE EU FP7 project a network is being established of 8 laboratories with expertise in dose estimations based on the dicentric assay. Here, the manual dicentric assay was tested in a web-based scoring mode. More than 23,000 high resolution images of metaphase spreads (only first mitosis) were captured by four laboratories and established as image galleries on the internet (cloud). The galleries included images of a complete dose effect curve (0-5.0 Gy) and three types of irradiation scenarios simulating acute whole body, partial body and protracted exposure. The blood samples had been irradiated in vitro with gamma rays at the University of Ghent, Belgium. Two laboratories provided image galleries from Fluorescence plus Giemsa stained slides (3 h colcemid) and the image galleries from the other two laboratories contained images from Giemsa stained preparations (24 h colcemid). Each of the 8 participating laboratories analysed 3 dose points of the dose effect curve (scoring 100 cells for each point) and 3 unknown dose points (50 cells) for each of the 3 simulated irradiation scenarios. At first all analyses were performed in a QuickScan Mode without scoring individual chromosomes, followed by conventional scoring (only complete cells, 46 centromeres). The calibration curves obtained using these two scoring methods were very similar, with no significant difference in the linear-quadratic curve coefficients. Analysis of variance showed a significant effect of dose on the yield of dicentrics, but no significant effect of the laboratories, different methods of slide preparation or different incubation times used for colcemid. The results obtained to date within the MULTIBIODOSE project by a network of 8 collaborating laboratories throughout Europe are very promising. The dicentric assay in the web based scoring mode as a high throughput scoring strategy is a useful application for biodosimetry in the case of a large scale radiation accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Romm
- Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany,
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15
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Romm H, Ainsbury E, Barnard S, Barrios L, Barquinero J, Beinke C, Deperas M, Gregoire E, Koivistoinen A, Lindholm C, Moquet J, Oestreicher U, Puig R, Rothkamm K, Sommer S, Thierens H, Vandersickel V, Vral A, Wojcik A. Automatic scoring of dicentric chromosomes as a tool in large scale radiation accidents. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2013; 756:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Wong KF, Siu LLP, Ainsbury E, Moquet J. Cytogenetic biodosimetry: what it is and how we do it. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:168-173. [PMID: 23535678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicentric assay is the international gold standard for cytogenetic biodosimetry after radiation exposure, despite being very labour-intensive, time-consuming, and highly expertise-dependent. It involves the identification of centromeres and structure of solid-stained chromosomes and the enumeration of dicentric chromosomes in a large number of first-division metaphases of cultured T lymphocytes. The dicentric yield is used to estimate the radiation exposure dosage according to a statistically derived and predetermined dose-response curve. It can be used for population triage after large-scale accidental over-exposure to ionising radiation or with a view to making clinical decisions for individual patients receiving substantial radiation. In this report, we describe our experience in the establishment of a cytogenetic biodosimetry laboratory in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. This was part of the contingency plan for emergency measures against radiation accidents at nuclear power stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong.
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17
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Pope I, Barber P, Horn S, Ainsbury E, Rothkamm K, Vojnovic B. A portable microfluidic fluorescence spectrometer device for γ-H2AX-based biological dosimetry. RADIAT MEAS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Bouffler SD, Finnon P, Blasco MA, Ainsbury E. A possible role for telomerase RNA and telomere length in global mitotic recombination. Cytogenet Genome Res 2009; 122:292-6. [PMID: 19188698 DOI: 10.1159/000167815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are specialised structures at the ends of mammalian chromosomes with many unique properties. Recombinational events at telomeres are more frequent than in the remainder of the genome by several orders of magnitude. This study examined the influence of telomerase status and telomere length on genome-wide recombination assessed by genomic sister chromatid exchange (G-SCE). Telomerase deficiency per se appears to increase G-SCE frequencies in splenocytes but as telomeres shorten through subsequent generations of mTerc(-/-) mice this increase is progressively lost. Telomerase status and telomere length also influences the induction of G-SCE by UV light. Even when mitotic recombination is affected by PARP deficiency, mTerc and telomere length interact to further affect G-SCE frequencies. Taken together the data presented here demonstrate that telomerase status and telomere length can affect recombination frequencies genome-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Bouffler
- Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division, Chilton, Didcot, UK.
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19
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Moquet J, Ainsbury E, Bouffler S, Lloyd D. Exposure to low level GSM 935 MHZ radiofrequency fields does not induce apoptosis in proliferating or differentiated murine neuroblastoma cells. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 131:287-296. [PMID: 18550513 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncn171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiofrequency (RF) fields characteristic of mobile phones at non-thermal levels can induce apoptosis in murine neuroblastoma (N2a) cells in both proliferating and differentiated states. Cells were exposed continuously for 24 h to one of the three 935-MHz RF signals: global system for mobile communication (GSM) basic, GSM talk and a continuous wave, unmodulated signal; all at a specific energy absorption rate of 2 W kg(-1). The measured increase in temperature of the cells due to the RF fields was around 0.06 degrees C. At a number of time points between 0 and 48 h post-exposure, the cells were assessed for apoptosis under a fluorescence microscope using three independent assays: Annexin V, caspase activation and in situ end-labelling. No statistically significant differences in apoptosis levels were observed between the exposed and sham-exposed cells using the three assays at any time point post-exposure. These data suggest that RF exposures, characteristic of GSM mobile phones, do not significantly affect the apoptosis levels in proliferating and differentiated murine neuroblastoma cell line N2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moquet
- Health Protection Agency, Radiation Protection Division, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK.
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