1
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Abstract
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) catalytic activity in serum is widely measured in clinical chemistry practice and provides information for diagnosis and follow-up in many pathological conditions affecting heart, muscle, and brain. Depending on the organ involved, the predominant CK isoenzyme in serum varies. However, routine methods measure total CK catalytic activity, and standardized methods for doing so have been recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and by several national scientific societies. Many commercial kits for those methods are now available. With use of a reference material for CK, commercial reagents can be compared with standardized methods, improving confidence in the results. Here we present a reference preparation of CK consisting of the BB isoenzyme purified from human placentae. We describe the procedure of purification and the properties of the lyophilized preparation of CK-BB, which has been certified by the Community Bureau of Reference of the Commission of the European Communities under the designation CRM 299. The preparation can be used to calibrate assays of the catalytic activity of CK-MM and CK-MB, as well as CK-BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathieu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Debrousse, Service de Biochimie, France
| | - J P Steghens
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Debrousse, Service de Biochimie, France
| | - M Hørder
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Debrousse, Service de Biochimie, France
| | - D W Moss
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Debrousse, Service de Biochimie, France
| | - E Colinet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Debrousse, Service de Biochimie, France
| | - C Profilis
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Debrousse, Service de Biochimie, France
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2
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Hanay M, Kelber S, Naik A, Chi D, Hentz S, Bullard E, Colinet E, Duraffourg L, Roukes M. Single-protein nanomechanical mass spectrometry in real time. Nat Nanotechnol 2012; 7:602-8. [PMID: 22922541 PMCID: PMC3435450 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) resonators can detect mass with exceptional sensitivity. Previously, mass spectra from several hundred adsorption events were assembled in NEMS-based mass spectrometry using statistical analysis. Here, we report the first realization of single-molecule NEMS-based mass spectrometry in real time. As each molecule in the sample adsorbs on the resonator, its mass and position of adsorption are determined by continuously tracking two driven vibrational modes of the device. We demonstrate the potential of multimode NEMS-based mass spectrometry by analysing IgM antibody complexes in real time. NEMS-based mass spectrometry is a unique and promising new form of mass spectrometry: it can resolve neutral species, provide a resolving power that increases markedly for very large masses, and allow the acquisition of spectra, molecule-by-molecule, in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Hanay
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
| | - S. Kelber
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
| | - A.K. Naik
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - D. Chi
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
| | - S. Hentz
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - E.C. Bullard
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
| | - E. Colinet
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L. Duraffourg
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - M.L. Roukes
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, CA, 91125 USA
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3
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Bargatin I, Myers EB, Aldridge JS, Marcoux C, Brianceau P, Duraffourg L, Colinet E, Hentz S, Andreucci P, Roukes ML. Large-scale integration of nanoelectromechanical systems for gas sensing applications. Nano Lett 2012; 12:1269-74. [PMID: 22280452 PMCID: PMC3839335 DOI: 10.1021/nl2037479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have developed arrays of nanomechanical systems (NEMS) by large-scale integration, comprising thousands of individual nanoresonators with densities of up to 6 million NEMS per square centimeter. The individual NEMS devices are electrically coupled using a combined series-parallel configuration that is extremely robust with respect to lithographical defects and mechanical or electrostatic-discharge damage. Given the large number of connected nanoresonators, the arrays are able to handle extremely high input powers (>1 W per array, corresponding to <1 mW per nanoresonator) without excessive heating or deterioration of resonance response. We demonstrate the utility of integrated NEMS arrays as high-performance chemical vapor sensors, detecting a part-per-billion concentration of a chemical warfare simulant within only a 2 s exposure period.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bargatin
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Department of Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
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4
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Legendre O, Bertin H, Garel O, Mathias H, Megherbi S, Jafari K, Juillard J, Colinet E. A low-cost built-in self-test method for resistive MEMS sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Mile E, Jourdan G, Bargatin I, Labarthe S, Marcoux C, Andreucci P, Hentz S, Kharrat C, Colinet E, Duraffourg L. In-plane nanoelectromechanical resonators based on silicon nanowire piezoresistive detection. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:165504. [PMID: 20351411 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/16/165504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report an actuation/detection scheme with a top-down nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) for frequency shift based sensing applications with outstanding performance. It relies on electrostatic actuation and piezoresistive nanowire gauges for in-plane motion transduction. The process fabrication is fully CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) compatible. The results show a very large dynamic range of more than 100 dB and an unprecedented signal to background ratio of 69 dB providing an improvement of two orders of magnitude in the detection efficiency presented in the state of the art in NEMS fields. Such a dynamic range results from both negligible 1/f noise and very low Johnson noise compared to the thermomechanical noise. This simple low power detection scheme paves the way for new class of robust mass resonant sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mile
- CEA/LETI MINATEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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6
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Juillard J, Arndt G, Colinet E. Enhancing the frequency stability of a NEMS oscillator with electrostatic and mechanical nonlinearities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Gubern G, Canalias F, Gella FJ, Colinet E, Profilis C, Calam DH, Ceriotti F, Dufaux J, Hadjivassiliou AG, Lessinger JM, Lorentz K, Vassault A. Production and certification of an enzyme reference material for pancreatic alpha-amylase (CRM 476). Clin Chim Acta 1996; 251:145-62. [PMID: 8862470 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(96)06302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the preparation of a lyophilized material containing purified human pancreatic alpha-amylase and the certification of its catalytic concentration. The enzyme was purified from human pancreas by ammonium sulphate precipitation and chromatography successively on DEAE-Sephacel, CM-Sepharose and Sephadex G-75. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 52.9 kU/g protein and was > 99% pure on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Only trace amounts of lipase and lactate dehydrogenase were detected in the purified fraction. The purified pancreatic alpha-amylase had a molar mass of 57,500 g/mol and an isoelectric point at 7.1. The material was prepared by diluting the purified alpha-amylase in a matrix containing PIPES buffer 25 mmol/l, pH 7.0, sodium chloride 50 mmol/l, calcium chloride 1.5 mmol/l, EDTA 0.5 mmol/l and human serum albumin 30 g/l, dispensing in ampoules and freeze-drying. The ampoules were homogeneous and the yearly loss of activity on the basis of accelerated degradation studies was less than 0.01% at -20 degrees C. The certified value for alpha-amylase catalytic concentration in the reconstituted reference material is 555 U/l +/- 11 U/l when measured by the specified method at 37 degrees C. The material can be used to verify the comparability of results from laboratories, for intra-laboratory quality control or for calibration of alpha-amylase catalytic concentration measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gubern
- Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Feldt-Rasmussen U, Profilis C, Colinet E, Black E, Bornet H, Bourdoux P, Carayon P, Ericsson UB, Koutras DA, Lamas de Leon L, DeNayer P, Pacini F, Palumbo G, Santos A, Schlumberger M, Seidel C, Van Herle AJ, DeVijlder JJ. Human thyroglobulin reference material (CRM 457). 2nd Part: Physicochemical characterization and certification. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1996; 54:343-8. [PMID: 9092301 DOI: pmid/9092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the characterization of a purified human thyroglobulin (Tg) reference material, and details the procedures used in its certification. The purified Tg is intended to be used as a primary reference material to establish calibration of working serum based reference material for immunoassay procedures. The programme involved the participation of 15 European laboratories and one laboratory from the United States. The physicochemical characterization showed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting that the purified Tg had for the major part the expected molecular size of 660 kDa with traces of lower molecular forms. The amino acid composition was close to that demonstrated for the cDNA and the content of iodine was in keeping with a moderately to highly iodinated Tg. The mass concentration in reference material RM 457 is certified to be (0.324 +/- 0.018) g/L on the basis of protein determined by the Lowry method and supported by nitrogen determination, absorbance measurement, and amino acid analysis. This reference material is considered the first step towards decreasing the interlaboratory variability between Tg methods of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Feldt-Rasmussen U, Profilis C, Colinet E, Black E, Bornet H, Bourdoux P, Carayon P, Ericsson UB, Koutras DA, Lamas de Leon L, DeNayer P, Pacini F, Palumbo G, Santos A, Schlumberger M, Seidel C, Van Herle AJ, De Vijlder JJ. Human thyroglobulin reference material (CRM 457). 1st Part: Assessment of homogeneity, stability and immunoreactivity. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1996; 54:337-42. [PMID: 9092300 DOI: pmid/9092300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the assessment of the homogeneity and stability of a purified and lyophilized human thyroglobulin (Tg), and characterizes its immunoreactivity. The purified and lyophilized Tg is intended to be used as a primary reference material to establish calibration of working serum based reference material. The programme involved the participation of 15 European laboratories and one laboratory from the United States. The homogeneity of the content of the ampoules was considered acceptable (< 9%). The stability was tested by accelerated temperature degradation showing predicted annual relative losses of 0.01% at -70 degrees C and 1.04% at -20 degrees C. The immunoreactivity of the Tg material as measured in different laboratories varied mostly according to the method used rather than the laboratory. The interlaboratory variability showed that the two commercial methods used in several laboratories (kit 1 and 2) had an interlaboratory variation (CV) of 15.9% (N = 5) and 7.1% (N = 3), respectively, whereas the total interlaboratory CV was 64.3% (N = 18). The immunoreactive Tg had dilution curves parallel with other Tg calibrators (those of the methods). Dilution curves of the Tg material after storage at various temperatures and time were parallel in both RIA and IRMA. In conclusion, we have prepared a Tg reference material which in extensive studies in several participating laboratories has demonstrated a sufficient homogeneity and stability as well as dilution curves parallel to the calibrators of all the immunoassays tested in the study. This reference material is considered the first step towards decreasing the interlaboratory variability between Tg immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Mathieu M, Steghens JP, Hørder M, Moss DW, Colinet E, Profilis C. A reference preparation of creatine kinase BB isoenzyme. Clin Chem 1993; 39:1894-8. [PMID: 8375067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) catalytic activity in serum is widely measured in clinical chemistry practice and provides information for diagnosis and follow-up in many pathological conditions affecting heart, muscle, and brain. Depending on the organ involved, the predominant CK isoenzyme in serum varies. However, routine methods measure total CK catalytic activity, and standardized methods for doing so have been recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and by several national scientific societies. Many commercial kits for those methods are now available. With use of a reference material for CK, commercial reagents can be compared with standardized methods, improving confidence in the results. Here we present a reference preparation of CK consisting of the BB isoenzyme purified from human placentae. We describe the procedure of purification and the properties of the lyophilized preparation of CK-BB, which has been certified by the Community Bureau of Reference of the Commission of the European Communities under the designation CRM 299. The preparation can be used to calibrate assays of the catalytic activity of CK-MM and CK-MB, as well as CK-BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathieu
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Debrousse, Service de Biochimie, France
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11
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Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G, Arzoglou P, Brettschneider H, Calam DH, Ceriotti F, Férard G, Frei J. Interlaboratory study of the IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase performed with use of a partly purified reference material. Clin Chem 1992; 38:2365-71. [PMID: 1458569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of a study on performance of a reference material for alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) and the corresponding IFCC-approved method in an interlaboratory trial involving 13 laboratories. The ALT material was partly purified from pig heart (specific activity, 150 kU/g) and was essentially free of six potentially contaminating enzyme activities, including aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1). The partly purified ALT was lyophilized in a triethanolamine-buffered matrix, pH 6.4, containing bovine serum albumin and saccharose. Under these conditions, the predicted yearly loss of activity was 0.02% at 4 degrees C and < 0.01% at -20 degrees C. The final blank-corrected results of the accepted set of data gave a mean (SD) of 128.5 (5.1) U/L. The among-laboratory SD was 4.6 U/L and the within-laboratory SD was 2.0 U/L. The certified ALT catalytic concentration in the reconstituted material was 129 U/L with a 0.95 confidence interval of +/- 4 U/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schiele
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
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12
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Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G, Arzoglou P, Brettschneider H, Calam DH, Ceriotti F, Férard G, Frei J. Interlaboratory Study of the IFCC Method for Alanine Aminotransferase Performed with Use of a Partly Purified Reference Material. Clin Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/38.12.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We present the results of a study on performance of a reference material for alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) and the corresponding IFCC-approved method in an interlaboratory trial involving 13 laboratories. The ALT material was partly purified from pig heart (specific activity, 150 kU/g) and was essentially free of six potentially contaminating enzyme activities, including aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1). The partly purified ALT was lyophilized in a triethanolamine-buffered matrix, pH 6.4, containing bovine serum albumin and saccharose. Under these conditions, the predicted yearly loss of activity was 0.02% at 4 degrees C and < 0.01% at -20 degrees C. The final blank-corrected results of the accepted set of data gave a mean (SD) of 128.5 (5.1) U/L. The among-laboratory SD was 4.6 U/L and the within-laboratory SD was 2.0 U/L. The certified ALT catalytic concentration in the reconstituted material was 129 U/L with a 0.95 confidence interval of +/- 4 U/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schiele
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - J Muller
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - E Colinet
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - G Siest
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - P Arzoglou
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - H Brettschneider
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - D H Calam
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - F Ceriotti
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - G Férard
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
| | - J Frei
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive et Centre du Médicament, UA CNRS No 597, Nancy, France
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13
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Colinet E. Quality assurance in the field of biomedical analyses: The role and the contribution of the BCR program of the European communities. Microchem J 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0026-265x(92)90087-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Francis JM, Moss DW, Colinet E, Calam DH, Bullock DG. A reference preparation of human prostatic acid phosphatase: purification, characterization and field trials. Ann Clin Biochem 1992; 29 ( Pt 2):176-83. [PMID: 1626922 DOI: 10.1177/000456329202900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acid phosphatase has been prepared in an apparently pure state by affinity chromatography from human prostatic tissue. When dissolved in an acidic albumin solution, lyophilized and stored at -20 degrees C for up to 2 years, no time-dependent loss of catalytic activity was detectable in the reconstituted material. Accelerated degradation tests also predicted complete stability. A preliminary distribution of the lyophilized preparation to 143 laboratories confirmed its robustness and demonstrated its potential usefulness as a calibrant to unify the results of different methods of measuring acid phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Francis
- Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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15
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Abstract
We have produced a batch of lyophilized alkaline phosphatase (AP) for use as an enzyme reference material. The enzyme was partly purified from pig kidney to a specific activity of 400 U/mg of protein and is essentially free from contaminating enzyme activities. The kinetic properties of the preparation are very close to those of the enzyme present in human serum. The partly purified AP was lyophilized in a matrix containing bovine serum albumin (40 g/L), MgCl2, ZnCl2 and NaCl. The vial-to-vial variability with respect to the catalytic concentration of the final product was 0.008. The predicted annual relative loss of activity was less than 0.01% at -20 degrees C and 0.04% at 4 degrees C. This material was certified using the IFCC proposed method. The certification procedure involved 19 laboratories throughout the world. The certified alkaline phosphatase catalytic concentration in the reconstituted material was 254 U/L with a 0.95 confidence interval of +/- 6 U/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schiele
- Laboratoire du Centre de Médecine Préventive, UA CNRS 597, Nancy, France
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16
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Colinet E. The development of reference methods in clinical chemistry. The contribution of the Community Bureau of Reference of the Commission of the European Communities. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1991; 29:237-40. [PMID: 1868128 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1991.29.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of reference method procedures in clinical chemical analysis is advocated by many experts as the most reliable approach to obtaining accurate results. The performance of such procedures must, however, be rigorous. This contribution will emphasize the importance of interlaboratory studies for this purpose. Examples will be presented, taken from the work done under the BCR programme of the Commission of the European Communities. The determination of steroid hormones in serum by isotope dilution mass spectrometry and the measurement of enzyme catalytic activities, according to IFCC recommended methods, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Colinet
- Commission of the European Communities (CEC), Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Thienpont L, Siekmann L, Lawson A, Colinet E, De Leenheer A. Development, validation, and certification by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of lyophilized human serum reference materials for cortisol (CRM 192 and 193) and progesterone (CRM 347 and 348). Clin Chem 1991; 37:540-6. [PMID: 2015668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Community Bureau of Reference of the European Communities has produced four batches of lyophilized serum Certified Reference Materials, two for cortisol (CRM 192 and 193) and two for progesterone (CRM 347 and 348). For cortisol, one of the pools consisted of serum from healthy blood donors, whereas the second batch was supplemented with pure cortisol. The progesterone Reference Materials contained only endogenous hormone concentrations. Assessment of vial-to-vial variability in the cortisol and progesterone concentrations showed no between-sample inhomogeneity, and the materials were stable. The quality of the materials was therefore considered sufficient for certification of the values for the cortisol and progesterone concentrations by a collaborative study involving several laboratories from the European Communities, using isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Inaccuracy in reconstitution of the lyophilized materials was less than 0.3%; imprecision of sampling was less than 0.2%. For determinations of cortisol and progesterone concentrations, the mean within-laboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) were 1.76% (CRM 192), 1.19% (CRM 193), 1.64% (CRM 347), and 1.75% (CRM 348). The between-laboratory CVs were greater: CRM 192, 1.79%; CRM 193, 1.48%; CRM 347, 2.08%; and CRM 348, 2.16%. The concentrations in the reconstituted Reference Materials were certified to be 273 nmol/L in CRM 192 and 763 nmol/L in CRM 193 for cortisol and 10.13 nmol/L in CRM 347 and 40.3 nmol/L in CRM 348 for progesterone. Uncertainties at the 0.95 confidence level--6 (CRM 192), 14 (CRM 193), 0.21 (CRM 347), and 1.0 nmol/L (CRM 348)--were considered compatible with the intended use of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thienpont
- Laboratoria voor Medische Biochemie en voor Klinische Analyse, RUG, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Colinet E. External quality assessment in clinical chemistry, review of the European situation with particular reference to hormonology. Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 1990; 17:681-5. [PMID: 2262336 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(90)90086-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Colinet
- Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium
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Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G. Production and certification of an enzyme reference material for gamma-glutamyltransferase (CRM 319). Part 1: Preparation and characterization. Clin Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/33.11.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have produced a batch of lyophilized gamma-glutamyltransferase as enzyme reference material. The "light" enzyme form was purified from pig kidney to a relatively high specific activity (120 kU/g) and was essentially free of contaminating enzymes. The partly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase, lyophilized in a matrix containing bovine serum albumin (Fraction V, 60 g/L), yielded a batch of 4000 ampules and was stored at -20 degrees C. The vial-to-vial variability with respect to the catalytic concentration of the final product (CV 0.6%) and its stability (predicted loss of activity at -20 degrees C was less than 0.01% per year) were considered sufficient to allow the use of this preparation for a certification procedure. The behavior of the reference material in comparison with human serum samples was evaluated three ways: (a) by kinetic characteristics, (b) by the ratio of activities for duplicate determinations by different methods, and (c) by use of the reference material to convert values obtained by various methodologies to those by the IFCC proposed method. The material appeared to be commutable for the two methods studied. The difference in the ratios obtained for patients' samples and reference material was less than +/- 5%, and the recalculated values for patients' samples as determined with the reference material differed from values determined by the IFCC method by no more than 4.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schiele
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - J Muller
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - E Colinet
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - G Siest
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G. Production and certification of an enzyme reference material for gamma-glutamyltransferase (CRM 319). Part 2: Certification campaign. Clin Chem 1987; 33:1978-82. [PMID: 2890450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the process of certification for a gamma-glutamyltransferase reference material (CRM no. 319). Fifteen laboratories participated to this interlaboratory evaluation. All steps of the measurements were controlled in an effort to locate potential sources of variations. In particular, the exclusion of some data was strictly documented or justified by the non-observance of the IFCC method and (or) discrepancies in instrumentation, reconstitution of the lyophilized samples, or measurement technique. Inaccuracy in the reconstitution of the lyophilized material was +/- 0.68%, and the molar absorptivity of the 5-amino-2-nitrobenzoate reported by each laboratory was within +/- 2% limits of the value reported by the IFCC. Calculated from the sets of accepted results, the total CV among samples was 2.6% and the overall CV was 3.2%. Within-day and between-day CVs were 1.1% and 1.4%, respectively. The greatest variation for a single component was the between-laboratory variability (CV 3.1%); the within-laboratory CV, including the day effect, was 1.8%. Finally, the certified value for the catalytic concentration of this enzyme in the reconstituted lyophilized reference material was 86.8 U/L with an uncertainty of +/- 2.1 U/L (0.95 confidence interval). The uncertainty appeared to be compatible with the end-use of this reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schiele
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G. Production and certification of an enzyme reference material for gamma-glutamyltransferase (CRM 319). Part 2: Certification campaign. Clin Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/33.11.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe the process of certification for a gamma-glutamyltransferase reference material (CRM no. 319). Fifteen laboratories participated to this interlaboratory evaluation. All steps of the measurements were controlled in an effort to locate potential sources of variations. In particular, the exclusion of some data was strictly documented or justified by the non-observance of the IFCC method and (or) discrepancies in instrumentation, reconstitution of the lyophilized samples, or measurement technique. Inaccuracy in the reconstitution of the lyophilized material was +/- 0.68%, and the molar absorptivity of the 5-amino-2-nitrobenzoate reported by each laboratory was within +/- 2% limits of the value reported by the IFCC. Calculated from the sets of accepted results, the total CV among samples was 2.6% and the overall CV was 3.2%. Within-day and between-day CVs were 1.1% and 1.4%, respectively. The greatest variation for a single component was the between-laboratory variability (CV 3.1%); the within-laboratory CV, including the day effect, was 1.8%. Finally, the certified value for the catalytic concentration of this enzyme in the reconstituted lyophilized reference material was 86.8 U/L with an uncertainty of +/- 2.1 U/L (0.95 confidence interval). The uncertainty appeared to be compatible with the end-use of this reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schiele
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - J Muller
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - E Colinet
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - G Siest
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Schiele F, Muller J, Colinet E, Siest G. Production and certification of an enzyme reference material for gamma-glutamyltransferase (CRM 319). Part 1: Preparation and characterization. Clin Chem 1987; 33:1971-7. [PMID: 2890449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have produced a batch of lyophilized gamma-glutamyltransferase as enzyme reference material. The "light" enzyme form was purified from pig kidney to a relatively high specific activity (120 kU/g) and was essentially free of contaminating enzymes. The partly purified gamma-glutamyltransferase, lyophilized in a matrix containing bovine serum albumin (Fraction V, 60 g/L), yielded a batch of 4000 ampules and was stored at -20 degrees C. The vial-to-vial variability with respect to the catalytic concentration of the final product (CV 0.6%) and its stability (predicted loss of activity at -20 degrees C was less than 0.01% per year) were considered sufficient to allow the use of this preparation for a certification procedure. The behavior of the reference material in comparison with human serum samples was evaluated three ways: (a) by kinetic characteristics, (b) by the ratio of activities for duplicate determinations by different methods, and (c) by use of the reference material to convert values obtained by various methodologies to those by the IFCC proposed method. The material appeared to be commutable for the two methods studied. The difference in the ratios obtained for patients' samples and reference material was less than +/- 5%, and the recalculated values for patients' samples as determined with the reference material differed from values determined by the IFCC method by no more than 4.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schiele
- Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Colinet E, Siest G, Moss DW. Reference materials for clinical enzymology: the work of the Community Bureau of Reference of the European Community. Ann Clin Biochem 1986; 23 ( Pt 4):361-3. [PMID: 3767269 DOI: 10.1177/000456328602300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Moss DW, Schiele F, Siest G, Colinet E. Reference materials for clinical enzymology: the work of the Community Bureau of Reference of the European Community. Clin Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/32.3.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Moss DW, Schiele F, Siest G, Colinet E. Reference materials for clinical enzymology: the work of the Community Bureau of Reference of the European Community. Clin Chem 1986; 32:556-8. [PMID: 2868816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Griepink B, Muntau H, Colinet E. Certification of the contents of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in three types of sewage sludge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00678746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Griepink B, Colinet E, Guzzi G, Haemers L, Muntau H. Certification of trace element contents (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, Na, Pb and Zn) in a fly ash obtained from the combustion of pulverised coal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00476399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Griepink B, Muntau H, Colinet E. Certification of the contents of cadmium, copper, manganese, mercury, lead and zinc in two plant materials of aquatic origin and in olive leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00594989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Famaey JP, Colinet E. [New antiinflammatory drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis (author's transl)]. Acta Rhumatol Belg 1977; 1:65-74. [PMID: 755363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
In a double-blind study of ketoprofen and placebo in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip, ketoprofen was shown to be significantly more effective. Analysis of results was made using the sequential technique. Major intolerance occurred in two cases and minor intolerance in five cases. Newly diagnosed cases were treated more easily with ketoprofen than chronic cases treated for several months with other drugs which had proved ineffective. There were no changes in biological parameters. Age and sex did not affect the result. The further study of ketoprofen in large open trials appears to be indicated.
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Famaey JP, Colinet E. [Rofenid in the treatment of coxarthrosis. Double-blind study]. Brux Med 1975; 55:23-9. [PMID: 1090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Appelboom T, Colinet E, Peltier AP, de Seze S, Kahn MF. [Connective tissue diseases (author's transl)]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1974; 29:196-201. [PMID: 4549747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Colinet E, Famaey JP. [50 cases of rheumatoid disease treated with Ibuprofen]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1972; 27:16-22. [PMID: 4537969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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35
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Colinet E. [Systematic study of niflumnic acid in rheumatologic practice]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1971; 26:21-9. [PMID: 5567557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Colinet E, Deroux J, Famaey JP. [A case of Behcet's syndrome]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1969; 24:109-14. [PMID: 5808087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Colinet E, Vandenabeele G, Famaey JP, Anthoine F. [Lombalgias]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1969; 24:61-72. [PMID: 4251374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Colinet E, De Longree R, Deroux J, Lacroix J, Van Hamme J. [Myopathy in cortisone treated patients]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1967; 22:131-40. [PMID: 5608052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Colinet E, Lustygier M, De Longrée R. [Apropos of a case of bilateral coxofemoral aseptic osteonecrosis]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1967; 22:1-14. [PMID: 5600288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Colinet E, De Longrée R, Deroux J, Wanet G. [An unusual case of osteoarticular tuberculosis of the shoulder]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1966; 21:117-25. [PMID: 5954352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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41
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Colinet E, Deroux J, Vandenabeele G. [Accidents and complications of local injections of corticosteroids]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1966; 21:99-102. [PMID: 5912583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Colinet E, De Longree R, Deroux J, Van Hamme J. [Electromyographical data in 2 cases of syringomyelia]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1965; 20:233-8. [PMID: 5886803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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43
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Colinet E, Deroux J, Vandenabeele G. [A case of neurogenic arthropathy]. J Belge Rhumatol Med Phys 1965; 20:5-8. [PMID: 5825451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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