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Chen J, Fang C, Chang C, Wang K, Jin H, Xu T, Hu J, Wu W, Shen E, Zhang K. Ultrasound-propelled liposome circumvention and siRNA silencing reverse BRAF mutation-arised cancer resistance to trametinib. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113710. [PMID: 38113749 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BRAF-V600E mutation is regarded as the source of lung cancer resistance to trametinib (Tr), and no solution available for completely addressing this intractable resistance has emerged yet. Herein, the combination of ultrasonic (US) propelled folic acid (FA)-modified liposomes strategy and BRAF-driven gene silencing program is proposed to effectively reverse Tr's resistance to lung cancer. Meanwhile, the prepared cationic nanoliposomes can assist Tr drug and BRAF siRNA to escape lysosome disposal, thereby avoiding Tr drug pumping out or siRNA degradation. More significantly, loaded BRAF siRNA is designed to silence BRAF-V600E mutation genes via modulating BRAF-ERK-pathway and remarkably reverse the PC9R resistance to Tr. Systematic experiments validate that these cooperatively sensitize PC9R cells to Tr and shrink resistant NSCLC in vivo, especially after combining with FA-mediated targeting and US-enhanced permeability that permits more intratumoral accumulations of Tr. Such a biocompatible targeting drug-resistance liberation agent and its underlying design strategy lay a foundation avenue to completely reverse tumor resistance, which is preferable to treat BRAF mutation-arised resistance of various tumors, holding high clinical translation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Haizhen Jin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jingwei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
| | - E Shen
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China.
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Schafer KR, Sood L, King CJ, Alexandraki I, Aronowitz P, Cohen M, Chretien K, Pahwa A, Shen E, Williams D, Hauer KE. The Grade Debate: Evidence, Knowledge Gaps, and Perspectives on Clerkship Assessment Across the UME to GME Continuum. Am J Med 2023; 136:394-398. [PMID: 36632923 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Schafer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Lonika Sood
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane
| | - Christopher J King
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | | | | | - Margot Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Amit Pahwa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - E Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Donna Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Zhang W, Chen L, Zhou X, Huang J, Zhu S, Shen E, Pan C, Hou X, Li R, He B. Resynchronization effects and clinical outcomes during left bundle branch area pacing with and without conduction system capture. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:287-295. [PMID: 36597668 PMCID: PMC10018083 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) includes left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) and left ventricular (LV) septal myocardial pacing (LVSP). HYPOTHESIS The study aimed to assess resynchronization effects and clinical outcomes by LBBAP in heart failure (HF) patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) indications. METHODS LBBAP was successfully performed in 29 consecutive patients and further classified as the LBBP-group (N = 15) and LVSP-group (N = 14) based on the LBBP criteria and novel LV conduction time measurement (LV CT, between LBBAP site and LV pacing (LVP) site). AV-interval optimized LBBP or LVSP, or LVSP combined with LVP (LVSP-LVP) was applied. LV electrical and mechanical synchrony and clinical outcomes were assessed. RESULTS All 15 patients in the LBBP-group received optimized LBBP while 14 patients in the LVSP-group received either optimized LVSP (5) or LVSP-LVP (9). The LV CT during LBBP was significantly faster than that during LVP (p < .001), while LV CT during LVSP were similar to LVP (p = .226). The stimulus to peak LV activation time (Stim-LVAT, 71.2 ± 8.3 ms) and LV mechanical synchrony (TSI-SD, 35.3 ± 9.5 ms) during LBBP were significantly shorter than those during LVSP (Stim-LVAT 89.1 ± 19.5 ms, TSI-SD 49.8 ± 14.4 ms, both p < .05). Following 17(IQR 8) months of follow-up, the improvement of LVEF (26.0%(IQR 16.0)) in the LBBP-group was significantly greater than that in the LVSP-group (6.0%(IQR 20.8), p = .001). CONCLUSIONS LV activation in LBBP propagated significantly faster than that of LVSP. LBBP generated superior electrical and mechanical resynchronization and better LVEF improvement over LVSP in HF patients with CRT indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure Division, Medtronic plc, Mounds View, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jingjuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Pan
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xumin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruogu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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He L, Cai Y, Feng Y, Wang W, Feng T, Shen E, Yang S. Utility of vector flow mapping technology in quantitative assessment of carotid wall shear stress in hypertensive patients: A preliminary study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:967763. [PMID: 36386366 PMCID: PMC9649775 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood flowing in the arterial lumen acts on the surface of the vessel wall to form wall shear stress (WSS). To date, there has been limited research on the utility of non-invasive technology in the accurate quantification of carotid WSS in patients with hypertension (HP). OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the usage of vascular vector flow mapping (VFM) in the quantitative assessment of carotid WSS in hypertensive patients at an early stage and to validate its clinical utility. METHODS A total of 50 individuals confirmed without carotid plaques were grouped into a HP group (n = 25) and a control (CON) group (n = 25) according to blood pressure. An ALOKA LISENDO 880 Color Doppler Ultrasound with a L441 3-15 MHZ probe was used to obtain a longitudinal section scan to determine the regions of interests (ROIs) of the common carotid artery. VFM-based WSS measurements were obtained by selecting the ROI with optimal image quality from three full cardiac cycles. WSS-derived measurements, including WSSmax, WSSmin, and WSSmean, were analyzed and compared between the HP and CON groups. In addition, the correlations between WSS-derived measurements and the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) were also analyzed. RESULTS There were significant statistical differences in WSSmax and WSSmean between patients in the HP and CON groups. Specifically, the HP group had significantly decreased WSSmax and WSSmean compared to the CON group (WSSmax: 1.781 ± 0.305 Pa vs. 2.286 ± 0.257 Pa; WSSmean: 1.276 ± 0.333 Pa vs. 1.599 ± 0.293 Pa, both p < 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in WSSmin between the groups (0.79 ± 0.36 vs. 0.99 ± 0.42, p = 0.080). Additionally, Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the WSS-derived parameters were negatively correlated with the IMT (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vascular VFM technology shows promising results in the quantitative assessment of difference in hemodynamics of the vascular flow field between patients with HP and normal controls. Difference in WSS may serve as a potential predictor for the development of arteriosclerosis risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundan Cai
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- FUJIFILM Healthcare (Guangzhou), Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tienan Feng
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - E. Shen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoling Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Richardson KM, Cristiano JA, Schafer KR, Shen E, Burns CA. Writing Is Thinking: Implementation and Evaluation of an Internal Medicine Residency Clinical Reasoning and Documentation Curriculum. Med Sci Educ 2022; 32:773-777. [PMID: 36035531 PMCID: PMC9411408 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-022-01570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With increasingly complicated patients and faster throughput, time for thorough critical thinking and thoughtful clinical documentation is limited, especially in the training environment. Advocating for the value of clinical documentation as a robust opportunity for critical thinking, we describe the implementation and evaluation of a clinical reasoning and documentation curriculum for internal medicine residents. Our curriculum employed facilitated discussion, practical application, and a resident-as-teacher model. Resident surveys showed improved perceptions of the clinical and educational value of clinical documentation. Residents reported increased feedback to interns about their documentation and more appreciation of documentation as a venue for critical thinking. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01570-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M. Richardson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Dr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Joseph A. Cristiano
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Dr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | | | - E. Shen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Dr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Cynthia A. Burns
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Dr, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Li YM, Shen CX, Shen E. [Research progress on the function of epicardial adipose tissue and the association with cardiovascular diseases]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2022; 50:723-727. [PMID: 35856234 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220527-00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - C X Shen
- Department of Cardiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233,China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine,Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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Ferris CK, Williams DM, Shen E, Jackson JM, Bruggen JT. The GI Simulated Clinic in the Era of COVID-19: a Comparison of Virtual to In-Person Delivery. Med Sci Educ 2022; 32:75-78. [PMID: 34840857 PMCID: PMC8604377 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted medical education; thus, there is a need to better understand the effectiveness of virtual learning compared to in-person learning. This is a single-center, cross-sectional study of first-year medical students who attended a gastroenterology simulated clinic activity in person in 2018 and 2019 or virtually in 2020. Participants were surveyed on the activity's relevance and effectiveness. Students' assessment of the virtual clinic's effectiveness and relevance was not significantly different from the in-person version of the activity. In addition, most students rated the virtual clinic as effective for learning about telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Ferris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101 USA
| | - D. M. Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101 USA
| | - E. Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101 USA
| | - J. M. Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101 USA
| | - J. T. Bruggen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101 USA
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Cristiano JA, Jackson JM, Shen E, Williams DM, Ellis LR. Integrating the Electronic Health Record Into Patient Encounters: An Introductory Standardized Patient Exercise for Preclinical Medical Students. MedEdPORTAL 2022; 18:11209. [PMID: 35047666 PMCID: PMC8727442 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasingly, use of the electronic health record (EHR) is interwoven into even the most basic patient care tasks. Accordingly, learning how to utilize the EHR during patient encounters is important for medical students as they develop their clinical skills. Existing EHR curricula have focused primarily on doctor-patient relationship skills. We developed a session for our preclinical students on EHR-related doctor-patient relationship skills as well as on using the EHR to verify data and focus one's history taking. METHODS We developed student notes, three training videos, four standardized patient (SP) cases, and a simplified, simulated EHR based on these cases. Students reviewed the notes and videos prior to class. During class, students practiced EHR-related communication and data-collection strategies by interviewing an SP while interacting with the simulated EHR. Following each encounter, students received feedback from a small group of peers and faculty. RESULTS Two-hundred eighty-nine second-year medical students participated this session in 2019 and 2020, and 27 (19%, 2019) and 40 (28%, 2020) students, respectively, completed the postsession evaluation. Most respondents rated the SP activity as extremely or quite effective for practicing doctor-patient relationship strategies while interacting with the EHR (89%, 2019; 83%, 2020) and for practicing verification of EHR data during a patient encounter (81%, 2019; 86%, 2020). DISCUSSION This training session was effective for introducing preclinical medical students to fundamental concepts and skills related to incorporating the EHR into patient encounters and offers a low-cost approach to teaching early medical students these important skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Cristiano
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
- Corresponding author:
| | - Jennifer M. Jackson
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - E Shen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Donna M. Williams
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Leslie R. Ellis
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Schafer KR, Shen E, Peters TR. 951. Virtually the Same: Our Experience Teaching Abx Before and During the Pandemic. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Understanding core principles of empiric antibiotic (abx) therapy is essential for abx stewardship. Pre-pandemic, the “Abx 101” workshop taught students an initial approach to empiric abx. Due to the pandemic, the session became virtual. We hypothesized that the face-to-face version (FTF) would be more effective and more positively reviewed by students compared to the virtual.
Methods
For the FTF, 3 faculty facilitated workshops of 50 3rd year medical students. The intro reviewed the typical microbiota of body areas (or common pathogens for community-acquired disease in sterile spaces). Student small groups were assigned a category of abx coverage (e.g. “MRSA drugs”), and completed a worksheet to identify abx in the assigned category from a reference list of abx. Groups taught back to the class (jigsaw technique) about abx for their respective categories. Next, faculty facilitated a large group discussion in which they matched initial abx therapy for each body area’s typical microbiome or pathogens. Finally, groups presented cases to the class and identified likely diagnosis, most likely organisms, and appropriate empiric abx to target those organisms. For the virtual version, the format was adapted for a 1 hour online interactive session with 1 MD facilitator, 20-25 students, and no breakout groups/jigsaw technique. The content was unchanged other than fewer cases.
Results
26 of 140 (19%) students completed the survey (n=13 FTF, n=13 virtual). An independent-samples t-test compared FTF and virtual overall satisfaction scores. There were no significant differences in satisfaction from the FTF (M=8.54, SD=1.04) and virtual sessions (M=8.62, SD=1.94); t(24)=-.126. p=0.901. 100% of both groups rated the session as quite/extremely relevant to their training and 100% of respondents in both groups deemed the format of the sessions appropriate for the content. In the FTF group, 76% of respondents felt the session was quite/extremely effective for learning about abx spectra of activity, compared to 69% in the virtual group (X2 (1, N = 26) = .195, p = .658).
Conclusion
“Abx 101” was relevant, effective, and formatted well for learning about empiric abx, in FTF and virtual versions. These findings suggest that this curriculum is effective overall and adapts well for in-person and remote learning.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Shen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Timothy R Peters
- Wake Forest School of Medicine and Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC
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Gao J, Liu J, Meng Z, Li Y, Hong Y, Wang L, He L, Hu B, Zheng Y, Li T, Cui D, Shen E. Ultrasound-assisted C 3F 8-filled PLGA nanobubbles for enhanced FGF21 delivery and improved prophylactic treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:395-408. [PMID: 34129954 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiac complication of diabetes that currently lacks specific treatment. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been proved to have cardioprotective effect in DCM. However, the insufficient cardiac delivery effect of FGF21 limits its application in DCM. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic efficacy of FGF21 in DCM, an effective drug delivery system is urgently required. In this study, perfluoropropane (C3F8) and polyethylenimine (PEI)-doped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanobubbles (CPPNBs) were synthesized via double-emulsion evaporation and FGF21 was efficiently absorbed (CPPNBs@FGF21) via the electrostatic incorporation effect. CPPNBs@FGF21 could effectively deliver FGF21 to the myocardial tissue through the cavitation effect under low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS). The as-prepared CPPNBs@FGF21 could efficiently load FGF21 after doping with the cationic polymer PEI, and displayed uniform dispersion and favorable biosafety. After filling with C3F8, CPPNBs@FGF21 could be used for distribution monitoring through ultrasound imaging. Moreover, CPPNBs@FGF21 significantly downregulated the expression of ANP, CTGF, and caspase-3 mRNA via the action of LFUS owing to increased FGF21 release, therefore exhibiting enhanced inhibition of myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis in DCM mice. In conclusion, we established an effective protein delivery nanocarrier for the diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of DCM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious cardiac complication of diabetes that currently lacks effective clinical treatments. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can protect cardiomyocytes from diabetic damage, but insufficient cardiac drug delivery limits the application of FGF21 in DCM. In this study, perfluoropropane (C3F8) and polyethylenimine (PEI)-doped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanobubbles loaded with FGF21 (CPPNBs@FGF21) were developed for the prophylactic treatment of DCM. CPPNBs@FGF21 could effectively deliver the FGF21 to the myocardial tissue through the cavitation effect of low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS). Our results indicated that CPPNBs@FGF21 combined with LFUS could significantly down-regulate the expressions of ANP, CTGF, and caspase-3 mRNA, and as a result, it prevented the myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis of DCM mice. Overall, we established an effective protein delivery nanocarrier for the diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yuping Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lirui Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, PR China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Tianliang Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200235, PR China.
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Zavitz J, Sarwal A, Schoeneck J, Glass C, Hays B, Shen E, Bryant C, Gupta K. Virtual multispecialty point-of-care ultrasound rotation for fourth-year medical students during COVID-19: Innovative teaching techniques improve ultrasound knowledge and image interpretation. AEM Educ Train 2021; 5:e10632. [PMID: 34179677 PMCID: PMC8209882 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.10632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) has been integrated into undergraduate medical education. The COVID-19 pandemic forced medical schools to evolve clinical rotations to minimize interruption through implementation of novel remote learning courses. To address the students' need for remote clinical education, we created a virtual PoCUS course for our fourth-year class. We present details of the course's development, implementation, quality improvement processes, achievements, and limitations. METHODS A virtual PoCUS course was created for 141 fourth-year medical students. The learning objectives included ultrasound physics, performing and interpreting ultrasound applications, and incorporating PoCUS into clinical decisions and procedural guidance. Students completed a 30-question pre- and posttest focused on ultrasound and knowledge of clinical concepts. PoCUS educators from 10 different specialties delivered the course over 10 days using video-conferencing software. Students watched live scanning demonstrations and practiced ultrasound probe maneuvers using a cellular telephone to simulate ultrasound probe. Students completed daily course evaluations that were used as a continuous needs assessment to make improvements. RESULTS A total of 141 students participated in the course; all received a passing grade. The mean pre- and posttest scores improved from 58% to 88% (p < 0.001) through the course duration. Daily evaluations revealed the percentage of students who rated the course's live scanning sessions and didactic components as "very well" increased from 32.7% on day 1 to 69.7% on day 10. The end-of-course evaluation revealed that 91% of students agreed they received effective teaching. CONCLUSIONS In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, our multispecialty faculty expeditiously developed a virtual PoCUS curriculum for the entire fourth-year class. This innovative course improved students' ultrasound knowledge, image interpretation, and clinical application while utilizing novel techniques to teach a hands-on skill virtually. As the demand for PoCUS instruction continues to increase, the accessibility of virtual training and blended learning will be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Zavitz
- Department of Emergency MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Aarti Sarwal
- Department of NeurologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jacob Schoeneck
- Department of Emergency MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Casey Glass
- Department of Emergency MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brandon Hays
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - E. Shen
- Medical EducationWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Casey Bryant
- Department of Critical CareWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Karisma Gupta
- Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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Meng Z, Zhang Y, Shen E, Li W, Wang Y, Sathiyamoorthy K, Gao W, C. Kolios M, Bai W, Hu B, Wang W, Zheng Y. Marriage of Virus-Mimic Surface Topology and Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound for Enhanced Intratumor Accumulation and Improved Cancer Theranostics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2004670. [PMID: 34258156 PMCID: PMC8261514 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The low delivery efficiency of nanoparticles to solid tumors greatly reduces the therapeutic efficacy and safety which is closely related to low permeability and poor distribution at tumor sites. In this work, an "intrinsic plus extrinsic superiority" administration strategy is proposed to dramatically enhance the mean delivery efficiency of nanoparticles in prostate cancer to 6.84% of injected dose, compared to 1.42% as the maximum in prostate cancer in the previously reported study. Specifically, the intrinsic superiority refers to the virus-mimic surface topology of the nanoparticles for enhanced nano-bio interactions. Meanwhile, the extrinsic stimuli of microbubble-assisted low-frequency ultrasound is to enhance permeability of biological barriers and improve intratumor distribution. The enhanced intratumor enrichment can be verified by photoacoustic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging in this multifunctional nanoplatform, which also facilitates excellent anticancer effect of photothermal treatment, photodynamic treatment, and sonodynamic treatment via combined laser and ultrasound irradiation. This study confirms the significant advance in nanoparticle accumulation in multiple tumor models, which provides an innovative delivery paradigm to improve intratumor accumulation of nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of PhysicsRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada
| | | | - Wei Gao
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | | | - Wenkun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Institute of Medical ImagingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalState Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200032P. R. China
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Jackson JM, Shen E, Peters TR. The Zombie Virus Pandemic: An Innovative Simulation Integrating Virology, Population Health, and Bioethics for Preclinical Medical Students. MedEdPORTAL 2020; 16:11016. [PMID: 33204840 PMCID: PMC7666840 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Understanding population health in the context of infectious disease outbreaks is an important physician competency. However, identifying effective ways to engage early medical students in this content remains a challenge. We designed an innovative pandemic simulation for first-year medical students utilizing the pop culture theme of zombies. Methods This 2.5-hour simulation was conducted in 2018 and 2020 during students' virology course. Student teams collected and analyzed data to formulate hypotheses for the source pathogen. The teams completed reports explaining their diagnostic hypotheses, infection containment recommendations, and resource allocation recommendations. Learners completed an evaluation of the simulation through an online survey. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics; narrative responses were analyzed qualitatively for themes. A content analysis was performed on students' reports. Results Two hundred eighty-four medical students participated in this activity. Nearly all respondents agreed that the small-group format (98%, 2018 and 2020) and pace and duration (92%, 2018; 94%, 2020) were appropriate and that the activity was intellectually stimulating (97%, 2018; 96%, 2020). Learner engagement measures were high (90%-97%, 2018; 83%-96%, 2020). Analysis of students' reports revealed evidence of cognitive integration of virology, population health, and bioethics concepts, including integration of new learning content. Discussion Collaborative problem-solving during a simulated zombie-themed pandemic provided preclinical medical students with an engaging opportunity to integrate virology, population health, and bioethics concepts. Implementing this event required advanced planning, use of multiple spaces, learning materials preparation, and recruitment of several faculty, staff, and actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Jackson
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Co-Course Director, Clinical Skills Curriculum, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Co-Course Director, Virology Course, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Assistant Dean for Curricular Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - E Shen
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Director of Healthcare Teaching and Learning, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Timothy R. Peters
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Associate Dean for Educational Strategy & Innovation, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Co-Course Director, Virology Course, Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Liu B, Qiao G, Han Y, Shen E, Alfranca G, Tan H, Wang L, Pan S, Ma L, Xiong W, Liu Y, Cui D. Targeted theranostics of lung cancer: PD-L1-guided delivery of gold nanoprisms with chlorin e6 for enhanced imaging and photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:361-373. [PMID: 33007481 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peptide modified nanoparticles have emerged as powerful tools for enhanced cancer diagnosis and novel treatment strategies. Here, human programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) peptides were used for the first time for the modification of gold nanoprisms (GNPs) to enhance targeting efficiency. A multifunctional nanoprobe was developed that the GNPs@PEG/Ce6-PD-L1 peptide (GNPs@PEG/Ce6-P) was used for imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic therapy by using the targeting effect of PD-L1. Both confocal imaging and flow cytometry experiments demonstrated a remarkable affinity of the as-prepared nanoprobes GNPs@PEG/Ce6-P to lung cancer cells (HCC827), which have a high PD-L1 expression. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments further demonstrated that the nanoprobes GNPs@PEG/Ce6-P not only allowed for real-time visualization via fluorescence (FL) imaging and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, but also served as phototherapy agents for synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, treatments on human lung cancer cells-derived tumors demonstrated that the nanoprobes GNPs@PEG/Ce6-P could significantly suppress tumor growth through PTT and PDT from GNPs and Ce6, respectively. In conclusion, the as-prepared new nanoprobes show promising potential for nanomedicine with remarkable targeting ability for dual-mode imaging and enhanced PDT and PTT effects on lung cancer.
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Song C, Li Y, Wang B, Hong Y, Xue C, Li Q, Shen E, Cui D. A novel anticoagulant affinity membrane for enhanced hemocompatibility and bilirubin removal. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111430. [PMID: 33125976 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Affinity membrane is widely employed to promote specific adsorption of toxins and reduce the blood purification therapeutic time. However, it suffers from insufficient toxin binding and low hemocompatibility. Herein, a novel anticoagulant affinity membrane (AAM) was developed to clear bilirubin from human blood in a pore-flow-through way. Firstly, a nylon net membrane with a regularly arranged pore as the matrix was coated with poly(pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid) via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Then, poly(L-arginine) (PLA) as a highly specific ligand of bilirubin, was immobilized onto the surface of the composited membrane after the modification of heparin. Owing to the 3-dimensional molecular architecture of PLA, up to 86.1 % of bilirubin was efficiently cleared. Besides, the AAM exhibited effective anticoagulant activity in the measurement of clotting time, with suppressed thrombus formation, low hemolysis ratio, minimized platelet and leukocyte adhesion, and excellent biosafety. Therefore, the AAM has enormous potential in blood purification therapy for enhancing hemocompatibility and bilirubin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunfeng Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baocan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuping Hong
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cuili Xue
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qichao Li
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 600 Xishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science & Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; National Engineering Center for Nanotechnology, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Shen E, Cristiano JA, Ellis LR. The Electronic Health Record Objective Structured Clinical Examination Station: Assessing Student Competency in Patient Notes and Patient Interaction. MedEdPORTAL 2020; 16:10998. [PMID: 33150200 PMCID: PMC7597945 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ability to utilize the electronic health record (EHR) without compromising the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) is an essential skill of all physicians and trainees, yet little time is spent on educating or assessing learners on needed techniques. To address this gap, we developed a conventional OSCE station coupled with a simulated patient chart within the Epic program in order to assess our students' skills utilizing the EHR during a patient encounter. METHODS Of third-year medical students, 119 were given full access to the patient's simulated chart 24 hours in advance of their OSCE to review clinical data. During an in-person OSCE with a standardized patient (SP), students performed a focused history and physical, using the EHR to verify allergies and medications. Students completed an electronic patient note graded by faculty. SPs evaluated the students on communication and interpersonal skills with specific rubric elements. Faculty graded the students' notes to evaluate their expression of clinical reasoning in the assessment and plan. RESULTS Training SPs and faculty to assess students on EHR skills was feasible. After implementation of a comprehensive curriculum focused on EHR and DPR, there was a significant difference on EHR-related communication skills (M = 76.4, SD = 17.6) versus (M = 37, SD = 28.9) before curriculum enhancement t (117.9) = -12.4, p <.001. DISCUSSION The EHR OSCE station provided a standardized method of assessing students' EHR skills during a patient encounter. Challenges still exist in the technological requirements to develop and deliver cases in today's EHR platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Shen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Joseph Anthony Cristiano
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Leslie Renee Ellis
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Health
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Gao JM, Hu B, Shen E. [Research progress on the association between myocardial fibroblast transdifferentiation and diabetic cardiomyopathy]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020; 48:885-889. [PMID: 33076631 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20191027-00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Gao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - B Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai 200366, China
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Askew K, Shen E, Ford K, Rachis S, Mroz J, Warden N, Barrett N, Peters T, Clinch CR. Wake Forest School of Medicine. Acad Med 2020; 95:S387-S390. [PMID: 33626727 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Johnson C, Shen E, Winn K, Digiacobbe G, Akinola M. Neonatal Resuscitation: A Blended Learning Curriculum for Medical and Physician Assistant Students. MedEdPORTAL 2020; 16:10921. [PMID: 32704535 PMCID: PMC7373351 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demonstration of competence in neonatal resuscitation is critical for health care providers who provide newborn care because each year, approximately 400,000 (10%) newborns require resuscitation in delivery rooms across the United States. Therefore, neonatal resuscitation skills certification is provided to graduates entering specific specialties at the beginning of residency and renewed biennially through the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association. However, there is no formal curriculum to prepare medical (MD) and physician assistant (PA) students prior to graduation. METHODS We developed a neonatal resuscitation curriculum for MD and PA students using a blended learning approach. The curriculum included web-based interactive teaching modules, a demonstration video of a mock neonatal resuscitation, and a neonatal resuscitation simulation. Final-year MD and PA students were evaluated using pre-/posttest, a neonatal resuscitation checklist, and an optional survey on interprofessional communication skills, roles, and responsibility. RESULTS Eighteen health professions learners completed the neonatal resuscitation curriculum. A paired-samples t test was conducted to compare pretest and posttest scores. There was a significant difference in pretest (M = 61.4, SD = 15.3) and posttest (M = 78.6, SD = 8.0) scores, t(17) = -4.7, p < .001. The mean score on the checklist was 79%. Learners strongly agreed/agreed that the simulation improved skills performance (100%), communication skills (92%), and understanding of roles and responsibilities (83%) during a neonatal resuscitation. DISCUSSION There were improvements in knowledge, procedural, and interprofessional skills in learners who received the neonatal resuscitation curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Johnson
- Neonatology Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - E Shen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Kathryn Winn
- Neonatology Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Gia Digiacobbe
- Instructional Design Specialist, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine
| | - Modupeola Akinola
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine
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21
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Natsui S, Sun B, Shen E, Redberg R, Ferencik M, Lee MS, Musigdilok V, Wu YL, Zheng C, Kawatkar A, Sharp A. 33 Variations in Emergency Physician Admission Rates for Chest Pain. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sun L, Ji Y, Wang Y, Zhu D, Chen F, Zhang N, Shen E, Wang X. Development and Internal Validation of a Prediction Model to Estimate the Probability of Left-Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Stable Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients without Clinical Heart Failure. Nephron Clin Pract 2019; 142:301-310. [PMID: 31048590 DOI: 10.1159/000499605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and internally validate a multivariable prediction model based on simple clinical record data and laboratory tests and to estimate the probability of left-ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in stable maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients without clinical heart failure. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In all, 181 patients on MHD without clinical heart failure were eligible from the dialysis center of Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between October 2017 and September 2018. OUTCOMES LVDD detected by echocardiography. MEASUREMENTS We performed multivariable logistic regression using demographic, clinical, and laboratory data to identify predictors of LVDD with internal validation by using 200 bootstrap replications. RESULTS Overall, 78 out of 181 (43.1%) patients were affected by LVDD. Predictors included in the LVDD Model were high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (OR 5.91 per 1-ln unit; 95% CI 2.17-16.13), B-type natriuretic peptide (OR 2.35 per 1-ln unit; 95% CI 1.14-4.86), and dialysis vintage (OR 1.04 per 1-month; 95% CI 1.01-1.07). The area (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the Model was 0.871 (95% CI 0.811-0.932, p < 0.001). The calibration plot showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities with a calibration slope of 1.023 and intercept of -0.010. After internal validation, the Model maintained excellent discrimination (AUC 0.858, 95% CI 0.798-0.919) and good calibration (slope of 1.079, 95% CI 1.058-1.097 and intercept of -0.120, 95% CI -0.142 to -0.093). LVDD Model <0.23 can be used to rule out (sensitivity = 87.3%, negative likelihood ratio = 12.7%) and ≥0.44 can be used to rule in (specificity = 87.6%, positive likelihood ratio = 12.4%) echocardiography diagnosed LVDD. LIMITATION External validation of the Model will be required. CONCLUSIONS A model using routinely available simple clinical record data and laboratory tests can accurately predict the risk of LVDD in stable MHD patients. The Model and its cutoff values may be useful for early diagnosis and intervention of LVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
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Wang YZ, Zhu DY, Xie XM, Ding M, Wang YL, Sun LL, Zhang N, Shen E, Wang XX. EA15, MIR22, LINC00472 as diagnostic markers for diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8797-8803. [PMID: 30317603 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and to explore new potential therapeutic strategies and biomarkers for DKD. First we analyzed the differentially expressed changes between patients with DKD and the control group using the chip data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then the gene chip was subjected to be annotated again, so as to screen long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and study expression differences of these lncRNAs in DKD and controlled samples. At last, the function of the differential lncRNAs was analyzed. A total of 252 lncRNAs were identified, and 14 were differentially expressed. In addition, there were 1,629 differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) genes, and proliferation and apoptosis adapter protein 15 (PEA15), MIR22, and long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 472 ( LINC00472) were significantly differentially expressed in DKD samples. Through functional analysis of the encoding genes coexpressed by the three lncRNAs, we found these genes were mainly enriched in type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease pathways, whereas in Gene Ontology (GO) function classification, they were also mainly enriched in the immune response, type I interferon signaling pathways, interferon-γ mediated signaling pathways, and so forth. To summary, we identified EA15, MIR22, and LINC00472 may serve as the potential diagnostic markers of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Yu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Miao Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Lan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sharp A, Baecker A, Shen E, Redberg R, Lee M, Ferencik M, Natsui S, Zheng C, Kawatkar A, Gould M, Sun B. 26 Evaluating the Impact of HEART Implementation in Community Emergency Departments. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Meng Z, Chen C, Cao H, Wang J, Shen E. Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals biologically significant RNA markers and related regulating biological pathways in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high glucose. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:1018-1027. [PMID: 30242883 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a physiological adaptation used in an attempt to augment or preserve cardiac function for short periods. Long-term cardiomyocyte hypertrophy often progresses to heart failure. Previous studies have presented comprehensive mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, such as signaling pathways, marker genes, and marker miRNAs or lncRNAs. However, the mechanism in RNA level is still unclear. In this study, we used the whole transcriptome technology on cardiomyocety hypertrophy cells, which were cultured with a high concentration of d-glucose. Many differentially expressed markers, including genes, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs were identified. Further quantitative real-time PCR verified the highly specific expressed genes, such as Eid1, Timm8b, Mrpl50, Dusp18, Abrc1, Klf13, and Igf1. Moreover, the functional pathways were also enriched with the differentially expressed lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA. Our study gives new insights into cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and makes great progress in comprehending its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Cao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Sharp AL, Wu YL, Shen E, Redberg R, Lee M, Ferencik M, Natsui S, Zheng C, Kawatkar AA, Sun B. 1090Prospective validation of HEART score for the prediction of 30-day death or myocardial infarction in community ED patients with possible acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A L Sharp
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research and Evaluation Department, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - Y L Wu
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research and Evaluation Department, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - E Shen
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research and Evaluation Department, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - R Redberg
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cardiology, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - M Lee
- Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - M Ferencik
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Cardiology, Portland, United States of America
| | - S Natsui
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - C Zheng
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research and Evaluation Department, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - A A Kawatkar
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Research and Evaluation Department, Pasadena, United States of America
| | - B Sun
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Portland, United States of America
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Violato C, Gao H, O'Brien MC, Grier D, Shen E. How do physicians become medical experts? A test of three competing theories: distinct domains, independent influence and encapsulation models. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2018; 23:249-263. [PMID: 28702788 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-017-9784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The distinction between basic sciences and clinical knowledge which has led to a theoretical debate on how medical expertise is developed has implications for medical school and lifelong medical education. This longitudinal, population based observational study was conducted to test the fit of three theories-knowledge encapsulation, independent influence, distinct domains-of the development of medical expertise employing structural equation modelling. Data were collected from 548 physicians (292 men-53.3%; 256 women-46.7%; mean age = 24.2 years on admission) who had graduated from medical school 2009-2014. They included (1) Admissions data of undergraduate grade point average and Medical College Admission Test sub-test scores, (2) Course performance data from years 1, 2, and 3 of medical school, and (3) Performance on the NBME exams (i.e., Step 1, Step 2 CK, and Step 3). Statistical fit indices (Goodness of Fit Index-GFI; standardized root mean squared residual-SRMR; root mean squared error of approximation-RSMEA) and comparative fit [Formula: see text] of three theories of cognitive development of medical expertise were used to assess model fit. There is support for the knowledge encapsulation three factor model of clinical competency (GFI = 0.973, SRMR = 0.043, RSMEA = 0.063) which had superior fit indices to both the independent influence and distinct domains theories ([Formula: see text] vs [Formula: see text] [[Formula: see text]] vs [Formula: see text] [[Formula: see text]], respectively). The findings support a theory where basic sciences and medical aptitude are direct, correlated influences on clinical competency that encapsulates basic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Violato
- Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Hong Gao
- Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mary Claire O'Brien
- Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - David Grier
- Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - E Shen
- Medical Education, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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28
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Salmon B, Liu B, Shen E, Chen T, Li J, Gillette M, Ransom RC, Ezran M, Johnson CA, Castillo AB, Shen WJ, Kraemer FB, Smith AA, Helms JA. WNT-activated bone grafts repair osteonecrotic lesions in aged animals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14254. [PMID: 29079746 PMCID: PMC5660190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is a new target in bone therapeutic space. WNT proteins are potent stem cell activators and pro-osteogenic agents. Here, we gained insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for liposome-reconstituted recombinant human WNT3A protein (L-WNT3A) efficacy to treat osteonecrotic defects. Skeletal injuries were coupled with cryoablation to create non-healing osteonecrotic defects in the diaphysis of the murine long bones. To replicate clinical therapy, osteonecrotic defects were treated with autologous bone graft, which were simulated by using bone graft material from syngeneic ACTB-eGFP-expressing mice. Control osteonecrotic defects received autografts alone; test sites received autografts treated ex vivo with L-WNT3A. In vivo µCT monitored healing over time and immunohistochemistry were used to track the fate of donor cells and assess their capacity to repair osteonecrotic defects according to age and WNT activation status. Collectively, analyses demonstrated that cells from the autograft directly contributed to repair of an osteonecrotic lesion, but this contribution diminished as the age of the donor increased. Pre-treating autografts from aged animals with L-WNT3A restored osteogenic capacity to autografts back to levels observed in autografts from young animals. A WNT therapeutic approach may therefore have utility in the treatment of osteonecrosis, especially in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Salmon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 2496 - Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Lab and Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - B Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E Shen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Li
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Gillette
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R C Ransom
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ezran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C A Johnson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A B Castillo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - W J Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - F B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - A A Smith
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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29
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Chen C, Meng Z, Zheng Y, Hu B, Shen E. Fibroblast growth factor 21 inhibition aggravates cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving lipid accumulation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:75-84. [PMID: 29375676 PMCID: PMC5763648 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Recent studies have demonstrated an increased level of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the plasma of DCM patients, and FGF21 has been proven to be a cardiovascular protector of the heart. The present study aimed to further investigate the pathogenic role of FGF21 in DCM, hypothesizing that a lack of FGF21 may promote the progression of DCM by regulating the lipid metabolism, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, thus deteriorating the cardiac dysfunction. A total of 44 mice were randomly assigned into the normal (n=6), DCM (n=6), normal + scrambled siRNA (n=6), DCM + scrambled siRNA (n=6), normal + FGF21 siRNA (n=10) and DCM + FGF21 siRNA (n=10) groups. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced to mice in the DCM groups by streptozotocin injection, while FGF21 expression was inhibited by FGF21 siRNA. Normal and DCM mice administrated with scrambled siRNA were respectively regarded as the controls for the normal + FGF21 siRNA and DCM + FGF21 siRNA groups. In the DCM group, FGF21 inhibition promoted cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and the expression levels of their indicators, including atrial natriuretic factor, α-skeletal actin, collagen type I and III, and transforming growth factor-β, increased, leading to further decreased cardiac function. In addition, FGF21 inhibition in DCM mice elevated the quantity of lipid droplets and the concentration of heart triglycerides, plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels, accompanied by downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) and upregulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)36. Thus, the results indicated that FGF21 inhibition exacerbates the cardiac dysfunction by aggravating the lipid accumulation through regulating the expression levels of PGC-1α and CD36. In conclusion, it is suggested that FGF21 may be a potentially useful agent in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.,Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
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30
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Wang M, Hu B, Zhang YL, Shen E, Pan XQ. Effects of 3-aminobenzamide on ventricular function in infarct heart assessed by quantitative tissue velocity imaging. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2016; 17:793-802. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Shen E. An ethnographic study on the dynamic role of family within diabetic
communities in Beijing, China. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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32
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Wang YU, Chen YN, Zhang W, Yang YU, Bai WK, Shen E, Hu B. Upregulation of ULK1 expression in PC-3 cells following tumor protein P53 transfection by sonoporation. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:699-704. [PMID: 26870270 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether ultrasound combined with microbubbles was able to enhance liposome-mediated transfection of genes into human prostate cancer cells, and to examine the association between autophagy and tumor protein P53 (P53). An MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability, while flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to measure gene transfection efficiency. Autophagy was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of autophagy-associated genes. The results of the present study revealed that cell viability was significantly reduced following successfully enhanced transfection of P53 by ultrasound combined with microbubbles. In addition, serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 levels were simultaneously upregulated. Castration-resistant prostate cancer is difficult to treat and is investigated in the present study. P53 has a significant role in a number of key biological functions, including DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, autophagy, senescence and angiogenesis. Prior to the present study, to the best of our knowledge, increased transfection efficiency and reduced side effects have been difficult to achieve. Ultrasound is considered to be a 'gentle' technique that may be able to achieve increased transfection efficiency and reduced side effects. The results of the present study highlight a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y U Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ni Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Y U Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Kun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Qu Y, Shen E, Ma Q, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Shen W, Wang J, Li D, Li H, Zhou J. Biodegradation of indole by a newly isolated Cupriavidus sp. SHE. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 34:126-32. [PMID: 26257355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Indole, a typical nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, is extensively spread in industrial wastewater. Microbial degradation has been proven to be a feasible approach to remove indole, whereas the microbial resources are fairly limited. A bacterial strain designated as SHE was isolated and found to be an efficient indole degrader. It was identified as Cupriavidus sp. according to 16S rRNA gene analysis. Strain SHE could utilize indole as the sole carbon source and almost completely degrade 100mg/L of indole within 24hr. It still harbored relatively high indole degradation capacity within pH4-9 and temperature 25°C-35°C. Experiments also showed that some heavy metals such as Mn(2+), Pb(2+) and Co(2+) did not pose severe inhibition on indole degradation. Based on high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum analysis, isatin was identified as a minor intermediate during the process of indole biodegradation. A major yellow product with m/z 265.0605 (C15H8N2O3) was generated and accumulated, suggesting a novel indole conversion pathway existed. Genome analysis of strain SHE indicated that there existed a rich set of oxidoreductases, which might be the key reason for the efficient degradation of indole. The robust degradation ability of strain SHE makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of indole containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - E Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaojing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenli Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Duanxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Shen ZY, Xia GL, Wu MF, Shi MX, Qiang FL, Shen E, Hu B. The effects of low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles on rabbit hepatic tumors. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 239:747-57. [PMID: 24719377 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214525320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound in combination with microbubbles (MBs) is able to inhibit the growth of VX2 rabbit liver tumors in vivo and prolong the survival time of the animals. In this study, we attempt to investigate the feasibility of VX2 tumor growth inhibition using low-frequency ultrasound (US)-mediated MB disruption. Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumors were divided into four groups: control, MBs group, low-frequency US group, and US + MB group. The parameters of the US were 20 kHz, 2 W/cm², 40% duty cycle, 5 min, and once every other day for 2 weeks. At the end of the therapy experiment, 24 rabbits were euthanized, and the cancers were collected and cut into five sections for histological examination, immunohistochemistry, laser confocal microscopy, western blotting assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Another 24 rabbits were saved, and overall survival time was recorded. The tumor volumes in control, MB, US, and US + MB groups were 6.36 ± 0.58, 5.68 ± 0.42, 5.29 ± 0.26, and 2.04 ± 0.14 cm³, respectively (US + MB versus the other three groups, P < 0.01). Tumor cells manifested coagulation necrosis with internal calcification. Hematoxylin and eosin (H–E) staining revealed interstitial hemorrhage and intravascular thrombosis. The intensity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the US + MB group in the immunohistochemical staining, laser confocal microscopy, and western blotting assays was lower than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). TEM of the US + MB group revealed vascular endothelial cell wall rupture, widened endothelial cell gaps, interstitial erythrocyte leakage, and microvascular thrombosis, while intact vascular endothelial cells and normal erythrocytes in the tumor vessels were observed in control, MB, and US groups. Rabbits treated with US + MB had a significantly longer overall survival than those in the other three groups (χ2 = 9.328, P = 0.0242). VX2 tumor growth could be inhibited by cavitation induced using low-frequency US and MB.
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35
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Meng Z, Wang Y, Lin Y, Nan S, Xu W, Hu B, Shen E. [MicroRNA-182 modulates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via targeting Rac1]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2015; 43:619-624. [PMID: 26420324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role and signalling of microRNA(miR)-182 on regulating high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. METHODS The candidates of miR which might potentially be involved on targeting Rac1 were predicted by applying bioinformatics analysis. The expression of all related candidates miRs was verified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in cardiac tissues of db/db mice and db/m mice. Then the relationship between candidates miR and Rac1 was investigated with Pearson relevant analysis. Neonatal mice cardiomyocytes were cultured and divided into 2 groups: normal glucose group and high glucose group. The level of selected miR and Rac1 in two groups was detected by RT-PCR. Neonatal mice cardiomyocytes were then randomly divided into 4 groups: normal glucose group, selected microRNA mimics control group, high glucose group, high glucose plus selected miR mimics control group. The morphology of cardiomyocyte in each group was detected under light microscope. Furthermore, Rac1, β-MHC and α-SMA expressions were detected in cultured cardiomyocyte treated by high glucose for 48 h after transfecting selected miR mimics by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS A total of 6 miR candidates potentially targeting Rac1 were screened by bioinformatics, which were miR-182, miR-142-3p, miR-140, miR-101a, miR-429 and miR-200b. Among these candidates, miR-182 and miR-142-3p expression was significantly downregulated in cardiac tissues of db/db mice compared with db/m controls (P < 0.05). MiR-182 was negatively correlated with Rac1 by person analysis (r = -0.891 02). Downregulation of miR-182 and upregulation of Rac1, β-MHC, α-SMA were found in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte. After transfection of miR-182 mimics, hypertrophic changes were significantly reduced and Rac1 as well β-MHC expression was significantly downregulated in cardiomyocyte incubated with high glucose. CONCLUSION MiR-182 might be involved in the regulation of high glucose-induced myocardial hypertrophy process via targeting Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yanduan Lin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shuliang Nan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China;
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Craddock D, Shen E, Monti G. Measurement of reactive and anticipatory balance in children with cerebral palsy: a new tool for community based practice. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shen E, Woo L, Craddock D, Russel E. Extent of family-centered physical and occupational therapy services: a mixed method research design study. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Qu Y, Zhang Z, Ma Q, Shen E, Shen W, Wang J, Cong L, Li D, Liu Z, Li H, Zhou J. Biotransformation of indole and its derivatives by a newly isolated Enterobacter sp. M9Z. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3468-78. [PMID: 25725798 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel bacterial strain M9Z with the ability of producing indigoids from indole and its derivatives was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Enterobacter sp. according to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis. UV-vis spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the products produced from indole, 5-methylindole, 7-methylindole, and 5-methoxyindole were indigo with different substituent groups, and the possible biotransformation pathways of indole derivatives, i.e., indole(s)-cis-indole-2,3-dihydrodiol(s)-indoxyl(s)-indigoids, were proposed. The conditions of indole transformation and indigo biosynthesis by strain M9Z were optimized, and the maximal indigo yield (68.1 mg/L) was obtained when using 150 mg/L indole, 200 mg/L naphthalene, and 5 g/L yeast extract. The transformation rates of 5-methylindole, 7-methylindole, and 5-methoxyindole by strain M9Z were all close to 100 % under certain conditions, making strain M9Z an efficient indigoid producer. This is the first study of indole biotransformation and indigoid biosynthesis by genus Enterobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China,
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Wang X, Shen E, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Gui D, Cheng D, Chen T, Wang N. MiR-196a Regulates High Glucose-Induced Mesangial Cell Hypertrophy by Targeting p27kip1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:491-9. [PMID: 25657172 DOI: 10.1177/2211068215569055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy is regarded as one of the earliest pathological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis. This study investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in MC hypertrophy due to exposure to high glucose. With a microarray, we screened the differential profiles of miRNAs in the renal cortex of DN mice, as verified by reverse transcription PCR with subsequent analysis of bioinformatics. We found miR-196a was downregulated remarkably in DN mice and increased the hypertrophy-related gene of p27(kip1) in high-enrichment gene ontologies. Furthermore, transfection of the miR-196a mimic greatly inhibited the expression of p27(kip1) with recovery of MC hypertrophic morphology. With flow cytometry, we also found that overexpression of miR-196a significantly reduced the percentage of G1 phase arrest in the cell cycle. Cotransfection of the miR-196a mimic with a wild type of 3' UTR of the p27(kip1) vector reduced the activity of the luciferase reporter significantly in contrast to the miR-196a mimic with a mutant of the counterpart in HEK293 cell lines, suggesting that miR-196a directly targets p27(kip1). Finally, knockdown of p27(kip1) with specific small interfering RNA in MCs substantially reversed MC hypertrophy induced by transfection of the miR-196a inhibitor. This study revealed that miR-196a acts as an important molecular regulator in high glucose-induced MC hypertrophy by targeting p27(kip1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tingfang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Yi X, Zhu J, Wei M, Li J, Chen J, Wang Y, Shen E, Hu B. Risk factors of venous thrombosis in patients with ankle fractures. INT ANGIOL 2014; 33:324-328. [PMID: 25056164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major complication that can occur after injuries. our aim was to explore the incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in patients with ankle fractures. METHODS Consecutive patients with an isolated fracture of the ankle presenting at our centre between Sept 2004 and May 2012 were studied. They were investigated for venous thrombosis by Doppler sonography (DUS) before surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions analyses were performed to identify the incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism. RESULTS A total of 2347 patients were studied in the research. Of these, only 119 patients suffered from DVT. The multivariable analyses showed that diabetes, less activity and the time from injury were the key risk factors for thrombosis. CONCLUSION In patients with ankle fracture, the risk of thrombosis was low and it may not need warrant routine thromboprophylaxis. However, most cases had no significant symptoms, is necessary to grasp the indications for high risk patients to reduce the incidence rate of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yi
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China -
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Yang SL, Tang KQ, Bai WK, Zhao YW, Shen E, Tao JJ, Hu B. Combined low-frequency ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Endourol 2014; 27:1020-6. [PMID: 23607285 DOI: 10.1089/end.2012.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common conditions in middle-aged and elderly men. The aim of the study was to investigate the treatment effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with a microbubbles agent on benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS Eighteen 7-year-old male beagles with prostatic hyperplasia were randomly divided into six groups (n=3): Control group, 21 kHz ultrasound group, 21 kHz ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent group, 1 MHz ultrasound group, 1 MHz ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent group, and microbubble contrast agent group. The histopathologic damage to prostate cells was assessed via transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The protein expressions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and super oxidase dimutase (SOD) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were detected by the Biochemistry Automatic Analyzer. RESULTS Significant tissue injury, mitochondria injury, and cell apoptosis were observed in 21 kHz ultrasound and the microbubble contrast agent group. Compared with the control and microbubbles contrast agent groups, the decrease in levels of PSA or increase in levels of iNOs and SOD in the other four groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The lowest level of PSA and the highest levels of iNOs and SOD were observed in the 21 kHz ultrasound and microbubbles contrast agent group. No significant changes in levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and Cr were observed between the six groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lower frequency ultrasound may have a better effect on benign prostatic hyperplasia, and microbubble contrast agent application further strengthens this biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-ling Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu W, Nan S, Bai W, Shen E, Hu B. Caveolin-1 as a biomarker to predict therapeutic effect of low-frequency ultrasound combined with SonoVue on prostate cancer in nude mice model. Cancer Biomark 2014; 14:279-86. [PMID: 24934371 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-140405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Minhang District Central Hospital of Ruijin Hospital Group, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuliang Nan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenkun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Guillozet-Bongaarts AL, Hyde TM, Dalley RA, Hawrylycz MJ, Henry A, Hof PR, Hohmann J, Jones AR, Kuan CL, Royall J, Shen E, Swanson B, Zeng H, Kleinman JE. Altered gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:478-85. [PMID: 23528911 PMCID: PMC3965839 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The underlying pathology of schizophrenia (SZ) is likely as heterogeneous as its symptomatology. A variety of cortical and subcortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex, have been implicated in its pathology, and a number of genes have been identified as risk factors for disease development. We used in situ hybridization (ISH) to examine the expression of 58 genes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, comprised of Brodmann areas 9 and 46) from 19 individuals with a premorbid diagnosis of SZ and 33 control individuals. Genes were selected based on: (1) previous identification as risk factors for SZ; (2) cell type markers or (3) laminar markers. Cell density and staining intensity were compared in the DLPFC, as well as separately in Brodmann areas 9 and 46. The expression patterns of a variety of genes, many of which are associated with the GABAergic system, were altered in SZ when compared with controls. Additional genes, including C8orf79 and NR4A2, showed alterations in cell density or staining intensity between the groups, highlighting the need for additional studies. Alterations were, with only a few exceptions, limited to Brodmann area 9, suggesting regional specificity of pathology in the DLPFC. Our results agree with previous studies on the GABAergic involvement in SZ, and suggest that areas 9 and 46 may be differentially affected in the disease. This study also highlights additional genes that may be altered in SZ, and indicates that these potentially interesting genes can be identified by ISH and high-throughput image analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Guillozet-Bongaarts
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA,Data Annotations and Analysis, Allen Institute for Brain Science, 551North 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. E-mail:
| | - T M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA,Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R A Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - A Henry
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Hohmann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A R Jones
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C L Kuan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Royall
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Shen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - B Swanson
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA,Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes Cognition and Psychosis Program, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Zhou H, Qu Y, Kong C, Li D, Shen E, Ma Q, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhou J. Catalytic performance and molecular dynamic simulation of immobilized CC bond hydrolase based on carbon nanotube matrix. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xu WP, Shen E, Bai WK, Wang Y, Hu B. Enhanced antitumor effects of low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles in combination with simvastatin by downregulating caveolin-1 in prostatic DU145 cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:2142-2148. [PMID: 24932304 PMCID: PMC4049715 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer is difficult to treat due to androgen resistance, its deep location and blood tumor barriers. Low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) has potential clinical applications in the treatment of prostate cancer due to its strong penetrability and high sensitivity towards tumor cells. Simvastatin has often been administered as a preventive agent in prostate tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the enhanced effects of LFU and microbubbles in combination with simvastatin, in inhibiting cell viability and promoting apoptosis of androgen-independent prostatic DU145 cells. Cultured DU145 cells were divided into six groups based on the combination of treatments as follows: Control, LFU, LFU and microbubbles (LFUM), simvastatin, LFU and simvastatin, LFUM and simvastatin. The cells were treated by LFU (80 kHz) continuously for 30 sec with an ultrasound intensity of 0.45 W/cm2 and a microbubble density of 20%. Simvastatin was added 30 h prior to the ultrasound exposure. The results indicated that cell viability was marginally reduced in the LFU and simvastatin alone treatment groups compared with the control 24 h following ultrasound exposure. The combination of LFU, with microbubbles or simvastatin, potentiated the growth inhibition; the greatest inhibition was observed in the cells that were subject to treatment with LFUM and simvastatin in combination. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect was enhanced in a time-dependent manner. For cell apoptosis, a low dose of simvastatin had no apparent affect on the DU145 cells, while LFU marginally promoted cell apoptosis. Microbubbles or simvastatin increased the apoptosis rate of the DU145 cells, however, the combination of LFUM and simvastatin induced a strong synergistic effect on cell apoptosis. Western blotting analysis demonstrated a high expression level of caveolin-1 in resting DU145 cells. LFUM or combined LFU and simvastatin resulted in a greater reduction in the expression compared with the control group (P<0.05). The expression of caveolin-1 was lowest in the LFUM combined with simvastatin treatment group. The expression of phospho-Akt (p-Akt) was consistent with caveolin-1, with the lowest expression levels of p-Akt observed in the cells that were treated with the combination of LFUM and simvastatin. The results indicate that LFUM in combination with simvastatin may additively or synergistically inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis of DU145 cells by downregulating caveolin-1 and p-Akt protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China ; Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Minhang District Central Hospital of Ruijin Hospital Group, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Kun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Shen ZY, Shen E, Diao XH, Bai WK, Zeng MX, Luan YY, Nan SL, Lin YD, Wei C, Chen L, Sun DI, Hu B. Inhibitory effects of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice mediated by low-frequency ultrasound and microbubbles. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1385-1390. [PMID: 24765142 PMCID: PMC3997662 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the sonication effects of 21-kHz ultrasound (US) with microbubbles (MBs) on the subcutaneous prostate tumors of nude mice. In total, 15 tumor-bearing nude mice were divided into three groups: The control group, the low-frequency US group and the US+MB group. The MBs used were from US contrast agent SonoVue. The parameters of the US were as follows: 21 kHz, 26 mW/cm2 and a 40% duty cycle (2 sec on, 3 sec off) for 3 min, once every other day for 2 weeks. Color Doppler flow imaging, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunoblotting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate the results. Following 2 weeks of treatment, the blood flow signal disappeared in the US+MB group only, and the tumor size was smaller when compared with the control and US groups. For the immunoblotting, the intensity of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the US+MB group was lower compared with the other two groups. Tumor necrosis was present and the nucleus disappeared upon HE staining in the US+MB group. Upon TEM analysis, increased cytoplasmic vacuolation and dilatation of the perinuclear cisternae of the tumor cells were found in the US+MB group. In the control and US groups, the tumors had intact vascular endothelia and vessel lumens. However, lumen occlusion of the vessels was observed in the US+MB group. In conclusion, 21-kHz low-intensity US with MBs may result in vessel occlusion and growth inhibitory effects in the subcutaneous tumors of nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China ; Department of Radiology, Nantong Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - E Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hong Diao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Kun Bai
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Min-Xia Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan Luan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Liang Nan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Duan Lin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wei
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - DI Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Wei C, Shen E, Sun D, Zhang A, Sun J, Hu B. Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model. Chin Sci Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang X, Qu Y, Ma Q, Kong C, Zhou H, Cao X, Shen W, Shen E, Zhou J. Production of indirubin from tryptophan by recombinant Escherichia coli containing naphthalene dioxygenase genes from Comamonas sp. MQ. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3194-206. [PMID: 24500796 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indirubin, a red isomer of indigo, can be used for the treatment of various chronic diseases. However, the microbial production of indirubin did not receive much attention probably due to its low yield compared with indigo. In this study, the recombinant Escherichia coli containing the naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) genes from Comamonas sp. MQ was used to produce indirubin from tryptophan. To enhance the production of indirubin, the induction conditions for NDO expression were optimized. The optimal induction conditions were carried out with 0.5 mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside at 30 °C when cells were grown to OD600 ≈ 1.20. Subsequently, the effects of medium composition on indirubin production were investigated by response surface methodology, and 9.37 ± 1.01 mg/l indirubin was produced from 3.28 g/l tryptophan. Meanwhile, the indirubin production was further improved by adding 2-oxindole and isatin to the tryptophan medium after induction. About 57.98 ± 2.62 mg/l indirubin was obtained by the addition of 500 mg/l 2-oxindole after 1-h induction, which was approximately 6.2-fold to that without additional 2-oxindole. The present study provided a possible way to improve the production of indirubin and should lay the foundation for the application of microbial indirubin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Yang SL, Tang KQ, Bai WK, Shen E, Zhao YW, Lin YD, Nan SL, Bing H. Effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles on benign prostate hyperplasia. Can Urol Assoc J 2013; 7:E681-6. [PMID: 24282457 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective is to assess the effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles on benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS Sixteen Beagle dogs with BPH were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 4): control group (without treatment), G1 group (injection with 2 mL of microbubble contrast agent); G2 group (21 kHz ultrasound); and G3 group (injection with 2 mL of micro-bubble contrast agent +21 kHz ultrasound). The histopathological damage to prostate cells was assessed via transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The protein expressions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) of vessels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Histopathologically, the prostate cells exhibited nuclear chromatin contraction, mitochondrial swelling, degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, basement membrane rupture and cell apoptosis in the G2 and G3 groups; it was especially obvious in the G3 group, while no changes were observed in the control and G1 groups. Although prostate volume using imaging was not significantly changed in all groups after treatment, PSA was significantly reduced in the G2 and G3 groups, and especially obvious in the G3 group (p < 0.05). The iNOS and SOD, which are important oxidative stress factors, significantly increased after treatment in the G2 and G3 groups, but not in the control and G1 groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low-frequency ultrasound is effective in treating BPH; low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles improves the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ling Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; ; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Branch Hospital in Fengxian of Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
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Bai W, Yang S, Shen E, Zhang J, Shen Z, Hu B. Treatment of PC-3 cells with ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces distinct alterations in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Chin Sci Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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