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Sternes PR, Brett L, Phipps J, Ciccia F, Kenna T, de Guzman E, Zimmermann K, Morrison M, Holtmann G, Klingberg E, Mauro D, McIvor C, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Brown MA. Distinctive gut microbiomes of ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease patients suggest differing roles in pathogenesis and correlate with disease activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:163. [PMID: 35794662 PMCID: PMC9261041 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have confirmed dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, due to methodological differences across studies, it has not been possible to determine if these diseases have similar or different gut microbiomes. RESULTS In this study, faecal and intestinal biopsies were obtained from 33 Australian AS patients (including 5 with concomitant IBD, 'AS-IBD'), 59 IBD patients and 105 healthy controls. Stool samples were also obtained from 16 Italian AS patients and 136 Swedish AS patients. Focusing on the Australian cohort, AS, AS-IBD and IBD patients differed from one another and from healthy controls in both alpha and beta diversity. AS patients with and without clinical IBD could be distinguished from one another with moderate accuracy using stool microbiome (AUC=0.754). Stool microbiome also accurately distinguished IBD patients from healthy controls (AUC=0.757). Microbiome composition was correlated with disease activity measured by BASDAI and faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels. Enrichment of potentially pathogenic Streptococcus was noted in AS, AS-IBD and IBD patients. Furthermore, enrichment of another potentially pathogenic genus, Haemophilus, was observed in AS, AS-IBD, IBD, AS patients with increased BASDAI, and IBD patients with faecal calprotectin >100 μg/mg. Apart from these genera, no other taxa were shared between AS and IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the distinct gut microbiome of AS and AS-IBD patients compared to IBD patients and healthy controls is consistent with immunological and genetic evidence suggesting that the gut plays a different role in driving AS compared with IBD. However, enrichment of two potentially pathogenic genera in both diseases suggests that the presence of a shared/common microbial trigger of disease cannot be discounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sternes
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - L Brett
- Department of Gastroenterology, Logan Hospital, Logan, Australia
| | - J Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - F Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - T Kenna
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E de Guzman
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Zimmermann
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Morrison
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Holtmann
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Klingberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Mauro
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - C McIvor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Logan Hospital, Logan, Australia
| | - H Forsblad-d'Elia
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M A Brown
- Genomics England, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Lazich I, Sarafidis P, de Guzman E, Patel A, Oliva R, Bakris G. Effects of combining simvastatin with rosiglitazone on inflammation, oxidant stress and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with the metabolic syndrome: the SIROCO study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:181-6. [PMID: 21955403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Individually, statins and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) show positive effects on atherosclerosis progression in cellular and animal models as well as patients with diabetes; however, their combined effects have not been studied. This study examines the effects of simvastatin combined with rosiglitazone on vascular inflammation, oxidant stress, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and other atherosclerotic factors in patients with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS This is a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study in 53 subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomized to simvastatin 40 mg/day plus placebo vs. simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rosiglitazone 4 mg/day for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the between-group difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and secondary variables including urinary isoprostanes, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), ambulatory BP, adiponectin, and lipid and glycaemic profiles. RESULTS At study end, the group randomized to the simvastatin/rosiglitazone combination had a greater reduction in hs-CRP of 1.33 mg/dl, (p = 0.029) and showed a trend for a greater reduction in urinary isoprostane (-39%), (p = 0.056) compared to simvastatin/placebo group. Changes in MDA levels did not differed between groups (p = 0.81). 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) also showed a 4.5 mmHg reduction at 6 months (p = 0.06). Adiponectin levels increased by 3.91 µg/ml in the combination group over placebo, (p = 0.03) and blood glucose decreased in combination group vs. placebo. CONCLUSION Our data show that patients with the metabolic syndrome given a statin/TZD combination manifest greater reductions in markers of vascular inflammation and oxidant stress, 24-h ambulatory BP and increases in adiponectin as well as improved glycaemic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lazich
- Hypertensive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago-Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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de Guzman E, Shankar MN, Mattox KL. Limited volume resuscitation in penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma. AACN Clin Issues 1999; 10:61-8. [PMID: 10347387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of death in young adults. Development of trauma centers in urban settings including emergency medical services has contributed greatly to the improved quality of trauma patient care. Based on animal experiments performed 3 decades ago, the traditional management of hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock includes adequate circulatory volume with aggressive initial infusion of crystalloid solution. However, in several recent animal studies, investigators have found that aggressive treatment with fluids before control of bleeding results in a higher mortality rate, especially if blood pressure is elevated. This notion has been supported by findings in a recent prospective, randomized study involving patients with penetrating injuries to the torso. This article discusses briefly the pathophysiology of shock and hemostasis and the current literature on fluid resuscitation, with emphasis on limited volume resuscitation in patients with penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Guzman
- Trauma Services, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zimicki S, Hornik RC, Verzosa CC, Hernandez JR, de Guzman E, Dayrit M, Fausto A, Lee MB, Abad M. Improving vaccination coverage in urban areas through a health communication campaign: the 1990 Philippine experience. Bull World Health Organ 1994; 72:409-22. [PMID: 8062399 PMCID: PMC2486710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
From March to September 1990 the Philippine Department of Health, with the assistance of the HEALTHCOM Project, carried out a national mass-media communication campaign to support routine vaccination services. The essential elements of the campaign strategy were as follows: focusing on measles as a way to get mothers to bring their children to the health centre; emphasizing logistic knowledge in the mass-media messages, in particular popularizing a single day of the week as "vaccination day" and giving clear information about the age for measles vaccination; and focusing on urban areas, which had lower vaccination rates than rural areas. Evaluation of the effects of the campaign indicates an increase in vaccination coverage and a substantial increase in the timeliness of vaccination that can be attributed to improvement in carers' knowledge about vaccination. Furthermore, most of the observed increase in knowledge was related to exposure to the mass-media campaign. There was no evidence of any programmatic change that could account for the increase in vaccination or evidence that increased health education efforts at health centres could account for the change in knowledge. These results indicate that when countries meet certain conditions--a high level of access to the media, sufficient expertise and funds available to develop and produce high-quality radio and television advertisements, and a routine system that is able to serve the increased demand--a mass communication campaign can significantly improve vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zimicki
- Center for International, Health, and Development Communication, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6220
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Abstract
Bacteria are ubiquitous in nature. Fish are constantly exposed to bacteria, and usually only succumb to an infection after having been exposed to prolonged periods of stress. Before making a diagnosis of a bacterial disease, it is necessary to eliminate the possibility of environmental or parasitic problems. Environmental factors may act as stressors and can predispose a fish to bacterial disease while affecting the fish simultaneously. Clinical signs caused by the various bacterial pathogens are very similar. Therefore, to make a definitive bacterial diagnosis, it is necessary to culture and identify the organisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Guzman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens
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