1
|
Ladakis DC, Pedrini E, Reyes-Mantilla MI, Sanjayan M, Smith MD, Fitzgerald KC, Pardo CA, Reich DS, Absinta M, Bhargava P. Metabolomics of Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Demonstrates Lipid Changes Linked to Alterations in Transcriptomics-Based Cellular Profiles. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2024; 11:e200219. [PMID: 38547430 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a dysregulated circulating metabolome, but the metabolome of MS brain lesions has not been studied. The aims of this study were to identify differences in the brain tissue metabolome in MS compared with controls and to assess its association with the cellular profile of corresponding tissue. METHODS MS tissues included samples from the edge and core of chronic active or inactive lesions and periplaque white matter (WM). Control specimens were obtained from normal WM. Metabolomic analysis was performed using mass-spectrometry coupled with liquid/gas chromatography and subsequently integrated with single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data by correlating metabolite abundances with relative cell counts, as well as individual genes using Multiomics Factor Analysis (MOFA). RESULTS Seventeen samples from 5 people with secondary progressive MS and 8 samples from 6 controls underwent metabolomic profiling identifying 783 metabolites. MS lesions had higher levels of sphingosines (false discovery rate-adjusted p-value[q] = 2.88E-05) and sphingomyelins and ceramides (q = 2.15E-07), but lower nucleotide (q = 0.05), energy (q = 0.001), lysophospholipid (q = 1.86E-07), and monoacylglycerol (q = 0.04) metabolite levels compared with control WM. Periplaque WM had elevated sphingomyelins and ceramides (q = 0.05) and decreased energy metabolites (q = 0.01) and lysophospholipids (q = 0.05) compared with control WM. Sphingolipids and membrane lipid metabolites were positively correlated with astrocyte and immune cell abundances and negatively correlated with oligodendrocytes. On the other hand, long-chain fatty acid, endocannabinoid, and monoacylglycerol pathways were negatively correlated with astrocyte and immune cell populations and positively correlated with oligodendrocytes. MOFA demonstrated associations between differentially expressed metabolites and genes involved in myelination and lipid biosynthesis. DISCUSSION MS lesions and perilesional WM demonstrated a significantly altered metabolome compared with control WM. Many of the altered metabolites were associated with altered cellular composition and gene expression, indicating an important role of lipid metabolism in chronic neuroinflammation in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ladakis
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Maria I Reyes-Mantilla
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Muraleetharan Sanjayan
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew D Smith
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel S Reich
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Martina Absinta
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- From the Department of Neurology (D.C.L., M.I.R.-M., M.S., M.D.S., K.C.F., C.A.P., D.S.R., M.A., P.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Translational Neuropathology Unit (E.P., M.A.), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy and Translational Neuroradiology Section (D.S.R., M.A.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Zhou JX, Pedrini E, Rubin I, Khalil M, Taramelli R, Qian H, Huang S. Cell population growth kinetics in the presence of stochastic heterogeneity of cell phenotype. J Theor Biol 2023; 575:111645. [PMID: 37863423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies at individual cell resolution have revealed phenotypic heterogeneity in nominally clonal tumor cell populations. The heterogeneity affects cell growth behaviors, which can result in departure from the idealized uniform exponential growth of the cell population. Here we measured the stochastic time courses of growth of an ensemble of populations of HL60 leukemia cells in cultures, starting with distinct initial cell numbers to capture a departure from the uniform exponential growth model for the initial growth ("take-off"). Despite being derived from the same cell clone, we observed significant variations in the early growth patterns of individual cultures with statistically significant differences in growth dynamics, which could be explained by the presence of inter-converting subpopulations with different growth rates, and which could last for many generations. Based on the hypothesis of existence of multiple subpopulations, we developed a branching process model that was consistent with the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Joseph X Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Irit Rubin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - May Khalil
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Science, University of Insubria, Italy
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Zhou JX, Pedrini E, Rubin I, Khalil M, Taramelli R, Qian H, Huang S. Cell Population Growth Kinetics in the Presence of Stochastic Heterogeneity of Cell Phenotype. ArXiv 2023:arXiv:2301.03782v2. [PMID: 37904742 PMCID: PMC10614996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies at individual cell resolution have revealed phenotypic heterogeneity in nominally clonal tumor cell populations. The heterogeneity affects cell growth behaviors, which can result in departure from the idealized uniform exponential growth of the cell population. Here we measured the stochastic time courses of growth of an ensemble of populations of HL60 leukemia cells in cultures, starting with distinct initial cell numbers to capture a departure from the uniform exponential growth model for the initial growth ("take-off"). Despite being derived from the same cell clone, we observed significant variations in the early growth patterns of individual cultures with statistically significant differences in growth dynamics, which could be explained by the presence of inter-converting subpopulations with different growth rates, and which could last for many generations. Based on the hypothesis of existence of multiple subpopulations, we developed a branching process model that was consistent with the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph X. Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Irit Rubin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - May Khalil
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Science, University of Insubria, Italy
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maggi P, Bulcke CV, Pedrini E, Bugli C, Sellimi A, Wynen M, Stölting A, Mullins WA, Kalaitzidis G, Lolli V, Perrotta G, El Sankari S, Duprez T, Li X, Calabresi PA, van Pesch V, Reich DS, Absinta M. B cell depletion therapy does not resolve chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104701. [PMID: 37437310 PMCID: PMC10436266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic active lesions (CAL) in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been observed even in patients taking high-efficacy disease-modifying therapy, including B-cell depletion. Given that CAL are a major determinant of clinical progression, including progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), understanding the predicted activity and real-world effects of targeting specific lymphocyte populations is critical for designing next-generation treatments to mitigate chronic inflammation in MS. METHODS We analyzed published lymphocyte single-cell transcriptomes from MS lesions and bioinformatically predicted the effects of depleting lymphocyte subpopulations (including CD20 B-cells) from CAL via gene-regulatory-network machine-learning analysis. Motivated by the results, we performed in vivo MRI assessment of PRL changes in 72 adults with MS, 46 treated with anti-CD20 antibodies and 26 untreated, over ∼2 years. FINDINGS Although only 4.3% of lymphocytes in CAL were CD20 B-cells, their depletion is predicted to affect microglial genes involved in iron/heme metabolism, hypoxia, and antigen presentation. In vivo, tracking 202 PRL (150 treated) and 175 non-PRL (124 treated), none of the treated paramagnetic rims disappeared at follow-up, nor was there a treatment effect on PRL for lesion volume, magnetic susceptibility, or T1 time. PIRA occurred in 20% of treated patients, more frequently in those with ≥4 PRL (p = 0.027). INTERPRETATION Despite predicted effects on microglia-mediated inflammatory networks in CAL and iron metabolism, anti-CD20 therapies do not fully resolve PRL after 2-year MRI follow up. Limited tissue turnover of B-cells, inefficient passage of anti-CD20 antibodies across the blood-brain-barrier, and a paucity of B-cells in CAL could explain our findings. FUNDING Intramural Research Program of NINDS, NIH; NINDS grants R01NS082347 and R01NS082347; Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation; Cariplo Foundation (grant #1677), FRRB Early Career Award (grant #1750327); Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Maggi
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Colin Vanden Bulcke
- Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Céline Bugli
- Plateforme Technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul Statistique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amina Sellimi
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxence Wynen
- Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Stölting
- Neuroinflammation Imaging Lab (NIL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - William A Mullins
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grigorios Kalaitzidis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valentina Lolli
- Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gaetano Perrotta
- Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Souraya El Sankari
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Duprez
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martina Absinta
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Zhou JX, Pedrini E, Rubin I, Khalil M, Qian H, Huang S. Cell Population Growth Kinetics in the Presence of Stochastic Heterogeneity of Cell Phenotype. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.08.527773. [PMID: 36824755 PMCID: PMC9948979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies at individual cell resolution have revealed phenotypic heterogeneity in nominally clonal tumor cell populations. The heterogeneity affects cell growth behaviors, which can result in departure from the idealized exponential growth. Here we measured the stochastic time courses of growth of an ensemble of populations of HL60 leukemia cells in cultures, starting with distinct initial cell numbers to capture the departure from the exponential growth model in the initial growth phase. Despite being derived from the same cell clone, we observed significant variations in the early growth patterns of individual cultures with statistically significant differences in growth kinetics and the presence of subpopulations with different growth rates that endured for many generations. Based on the hypothesis of existence of multiple inter-converting subpopulations, we developed a branching process model that captures the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph X. Zhou
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Irit Rubin
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - May Khalil
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bertelli PM, Pedrini E, Hughes D, McDonnell S, Pathak V, Peixoto E, Guduric-Fuchs J, Stitt AW, Medina RJ. Long term high glucose exposure induces premature senescence in retinal endothelial cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:929118. [PMID: 36091370 PMCID: PMC9459081 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.929118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Features of cellular senescence have been described in diabetic retinal vasculature. The aim of this study was to investigate how the high glucose microenvironment impacts on the senescence program of retinal endothelial cells. Methods: Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were cultured under control and high glucose conditions of 5 mM and 25 mM D-glucose, respectively. Isomeric l-glucose was used as the osmotic control. Cells were counted using CASY technology until they reached their Hayflick limit. Senescence-associated β-Galactosidase was used to identify senescent cells. Endothelial cell functionality was evaluated by the clonogenic, 3D tube formation, and barrier formation assays. Cell metabolism was characterized using the Seahorse Bioanalyzer. Gene expression analysis was performed by bulk RNA sequencing. Retinal tissues from db/db and db/+ mice were evaluated for the presence of senescent cells. Publicly available scRNA-sequencing data for retinas from Akimba and control mice was used for gene set enrichment analysis. Results: Long term exposure to 25 mM D-Glucose accelerated the establishment of cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells when compared to 5 mM D-glucose and osmotic controls. This was shown from 4 weeks, by a significant slower growth, higher percentages of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase, an increase in cell size, and lower expression of pRb and HMGB2. These senescence features were associated with decreased clonogenic capacity, diminished tubulogenicity, and impaired barrier function. Long term high glucose-cultured cells exhibited diminished glycolysis, with lower protein expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, and PFKFB3. Transcriptomic analysis, after 4 weeks of culture, identified downregulation of ALDOC, PFKL, and TPI1, in cells cultured with 25 mM D-glucose when compared to controls. The retina from db/db mice showed a significant increase in acellular capillaries associated with a significant decrease in vascular density in the intermediate and deep retinal plexuses, when compared to db/+ mice. Senescent endothelial cells within the db/db retinal vasculature were identified by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Analysis of single cell transcriptomics data for the Akimba mouse retina highlighted an enrichment of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype gene signatures when compared to control mice. Conclusion: A diabetic-like microenvironment of 25 mM D-glucose was sufficient to accelerate the establishment of cellular senescence in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinhold J. Medina
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fagiani F, Baronchelli E, Pittaluga A, Pedrini E, Scacchi C, Govoni S, Lanni C. The Circadian Molecular Machinery in CNS Cells: A Fine Tuner of Neuronal and Glial Activity With Space/Time Resolution. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937174. [PMID: 35845604 PMCID: PMC9283971 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian molecular machinery is a fine timekeeper with the capacity to harmonize physiological and behavioral processes with the external environment. This tight-knit regulation is coordinated by multiple cellular clocks across the body. In this review, we focus our attention on the molecular mechanisms regulated by the clock in different brain areas and within different cells of the central nervous system. Further, we discuss evidence regarding the role of circadian rhythms in the regulation of neuronal activity and neurotransmitter systems. Not only neurons, but also astrocytes and microglia actively participate in the maintenance of timekeeping within the brain, and the diffusion of circadian information among these cells is fine-tuned by neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid), thus impacting on the core clock machinery. The bidirectional interplay between neurotransmitters and the circadian clockwork is fundamental in maintaining accuracy and precision in daily timekeeping throughout different brain areas. Deepening the knowledge of these correlations allows us to define the basis of drug interventions to restore circadian rhythms, as well as to predict the onset of drug treatment/side effects that might promote daily desynchronization. Furthermore, it may lead to a deeper understanding of the potential impacts of modulations in rhythmic activities on the pace of aging and provide an insight in to the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Baronchelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Scacchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro 3R (Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research), Italy
- *Correspondence: Cristina Lanni
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chambers SE, Pathak V, Pedrini E, Soret L, Gendron N, Guerin CL, Stitt AW, Smadja DM, Medina RJ. Current concepts on endothelial stem cells definition, location, and markers. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10 Suppl 2:S54-S61. [PMID: 34724714 PMCID: PMC8560200 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic vascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and regeneration of blood vessels in perfusion-deficient tissues is a worthwhile therapeutic goal. The idea of delivering endothelial stem/progenitor cells to repair damaged vasculature, reperfuse hypoxic tissue, prevent cell death, and consequently diminish tissue inflammation and fibrosis has a strong scientific basis and clinical value. Various labs have proposed endothelial stem/progenitor cell candidates. This has created confusion, as there are profound differences between these cell definitions based on isolation methodology, characterization, and reparative biology. Here, a stricter definition based on stem cell biology principles is proposed. Although preclinical studies have often been promising, results from clinical trials have been highly contradictory and served to highlight multiple challenges associated with disappointing therapeutic benefit. This article reviews recent accomplishments in the field and discusses current difficulties when developing endothelial stem cell therapies. Emerging evidence that disputes the classic view of the bone marrow as the source for these cells and supports the vascular wall as the niche for these tissue-resident endothelial stem cells is considered. In addition, novel markers to identify endothelial stem cells, including CD157, EPCR, and CD31low VEGFR2low IL33+ Sox9+ , are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E.J. Chambers
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Varun Pathak
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Lou Soret
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Gendron
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Coralie L. Guerin
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Cytometry Platform, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David M. Smadja
- Université de ParisInnovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERMParisFrance
- Hematology department and Biosurgical research lab (Carpentier Foundation)Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Centre‐Université de Paris (APHP‐CUP)ParisFrance
| | - Reinhold J. Medina
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lualdi M, Shafique A, Pedrini E, Pieroni L, Greco V, Castagnola M, Cucina G, Corrado L, Di Pierro A, De Marchi F, Camillo L, Colombrita C, D’Anca M, Alberio T, D’Alfonso S, Fasano M. C9ORF72 Repeat Expansion Affects the Proteome of Primary Skin Fibroblasts in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910385. [PMID: 34638725 PMCID: PMC8508815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the corticospinal motor neurons, which ultimately leads to death. The repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) represents the most common genetic cause of ALS and it is also involved in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disorders. To offer insights into C9ORF72-mediated pathogenesis, we quantitatively analyzed the proteome of patient-derived primary skin fibroblasts from ALS patients carrying the C9ORF72 mutation compared with ALS patients who tested negative for it. Differentially expressed proteins were identified, used to generate a protein-protein interaction network and subjected to a functional enrichment analysis to unveil altered molecular pathways. ALS patients were also compared with patients affected by frontotemporal dementia carrying the C9ORF72 repeat expansion. As a result, we demonstrated that the molecular pathways mainly altered in fibroblasts (e.g., protein homeostasis) mirror the alterations observed in C9ORF72-mutated neurons. Moreover, we highlighted novel molecular pathways (nuclear and mitochondrial transports, vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glucose metabolism, ER-phagosome crosstalk and Slit/Robo signaling pathway) which might be further investigated as C9ORF72-specific pathogenetic mechanisms. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD023866.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lualdi
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0331-339-414
| | - Adeena Shafique
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-00168 Rome, Italy;
- Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics and Metabolomic Laboratory, Experimental Neuroscience Department, S. Lucia Foundation IRCCS, I-00168 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Giorgia Cucina
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Alice Di Pierro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Neurology and ALS Centre, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lara Camillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Claudia Colombrita
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, I-20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marianna D’Anca
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, Policlinico Hospital, I-20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Alberio
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont “A. Avogadro”, I-28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.D.P.); (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Mauro Fasano
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics and Center of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, I-21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy; (A.S.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (T.A.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guduric-Fuchs J, Pedrini E, Lechner J, Chambers SE, O’Neill CL, Mendes Lopes de Melo J, Pathak V, Church RH, McKeown S, Bojdo J, Mcloughlin KJ, Stitt AW, Medina RJ. miR-130a activates the VEGFR2/STAT3/HIF1α axis to potentiate the vasoregenerative capacity of endothelial colony-forming cells in hypoxia. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021; 23:968-981. [PMID: 33614244 PMCID: PMC7869000 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia modulates reparative angiogenesis, which is a tightly regulated pathophysiological process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression in hypoxia and angiogenesis. However, we do not yet have a clear understanding of how hypoxia-induced miRNAs fine-tune vasoreparative processes. Here, we identify miR-130a as a mediator of the hypoxic response in human primary endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a well-characterized subtype of endothelial progenitors. Under hypoxic conditions of 1% O2, miR-130a gain-of-function enhances ECFC pro-angiogenic capacity in vitro and potentiates their vasoreparative properties in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-130a orchestrates upregulation of VEGFR2, activation of STAT3, and accumulation of HIF1α via translational inhibition of Ddx6. These findings unveil a new role for miR-130a in hypoxia, whereby it activates the VEGFR2/STAT3/HIF1α axis to enhance the vasoregenerative capacity of ECFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Judith Lechner
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sarah E.J. Chambers
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Christina L. O’Neill
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Joana Mendes Lopes de Melo
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Varun Pathak
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Rachel H. Church
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Stuart McKeown
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - James Bojdo
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kiran J. Mcloughlin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Reinhold J. Medina
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bertelli PM, Pedrini E, Guduric-Fuchs J, Peixoto E, Pathak V, Stitt AW, Medina RJ. Vascular Regeneration for Ischemic Retinopathies: Hope from Cell Therapies. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:372-384. [PMID: 31609636 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1681004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusion, ocular ischemic syndrome and ischemic optic neuropathy, are leading causes of vision impairment and blindness. Whilst drug, laser or surgery-based treatments for the late stage complications of many of these diseases are available, interventions that target the early vasodegenerative stages are lacking. Progressive vasculopathy and ensuing ischemia is an underpinning pathology in many of these diseases, leading to hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and ultimately pathological neovascularization and/or edema in the retina and other ocular tissues, such as the optic nerve and iris. Therefore, repairing the retinal vasculature may prevent progression of ischemic retinopathies into late stage vascular complications. Various cell types have been explored for their vascular repair potential. Endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are studied for their potential to integrate with the damaged retinal vasculature and limit ischemic injury. Clinical trials for some of these cell types have confirmed safety and feasibility in the treatment of ischemic diseases, including some retinopathies. Another promising avenue is mobilization of endogenous endothelial progenitors, whereby reparative cells are moved from their niche to circulating blood to target and home into ischemic tissues. Several aspects and properties of these cell types have yet to be elucidated. Nevertheless, we foresee that cell therapy, whether through delivery of exogenous or enhancement of endogenous reparative cells, will become a valuable and beneficial treatment for ischemic retinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Maria Bertelli
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Elisa Peixoto
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Varun Pathak
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lechner J, Hombrebueno JR, Pedrini E, Chen M, Xu H. Sustained intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor neutralisation does not affect retinal and choroidal vasculature in Ins2 Akita diabetic mice. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2019; 16:440-449. [PMID: 31023085 DOI: 10.1177/1479164119843092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of sustained intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor neutralisation on the retinal and choroidal vasculature in diabetic eyes. Ins2Akita diabetic mice received five intravitreal injections of anti-mouse vascular endothelial growth factor antibody or goat immunoglobulin G (0.2 µg/µL/eye) over a 4-month period. Retinal and choroidal vascular changes were analysed by confocal microscopy of tissue flat-mounts. Retinal gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor family members (vascular endothelial growth factors A, B, C and D), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (sVEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) and tight junctions (claudin 1, 2, 5; occludin and zonula occludens-1) were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vascular endothelial growth factor A and claudin 5 were significantly increased in diabetic retinae. Gene expression was unaffected by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. The number of acellular vessels was increased in diabetic retinae and reduced following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Retinal and choroidal vascular density and area were unaffected by sustained vascular endothelial growth factor neutralisation. Our results suggest that five consecutive intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections do not cause significant vascular changes in the retina and choroid in diabetic and non-diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lechner
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jose R Hombrebueno
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McLoughlin KJ, Pedrini E, MacMahon M, Guduric-Fuchs J, Medina RJ. Selection of a Real-Time PCR Housekeeping Gene Panel in Human Endothelial Colony Forming Cells for Cellular Senescence Studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:33. [PMID: 30915334 PMCID: PMC6421261 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFCs) represent a subset of endothelial progenitors with well-documented vasoreparative capacity. However, cellular senescence, which occurs due to aging, diabetes, smoking, or tissue inflammation, renders these cells dysfunctional. Therefore, there is growing interest in studying expression of senescence markers in ECFCs. RT-qPCR is the most commonly used technique to quantify gene expression and the proper choice of reference genes used for data normalization is critical for accurate quantification. It has been reported that the expression of commonly used housekeeping genes is often unstable in senescence. To identify the most suitable reference genes for ECFC senescence studies, we analyzed a microarray dataset, which compared the gene expression between proliferating and senescent ECFCs. In addition to replicative senescence, the data included X-ray-induced and Etoposide-induced senescence. We used the geNorm algorithm to identify the most stable genes across all studied conditions. Gene Ontology analysis found that the most stable genes belonged to the KEGG category of Genetic Information Processing. The optimal combination of housekeeping genes for ECFC senescence was found to include four ribosomal protein genes; RPL13, RPL31, RPL37, and RPL30. The RT-qPCR validation confirmed that normalization with our novel panel was more sensitive in identifying senescence markers compared to commonly used genes such as ACTB, UBC, and GAPDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran J McLoughlin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Meabh MacMahon
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vilà-González M, Kelaini S, Magee C, Caines R, Campbell D, Eleftheriadou M, Cochrane A, Drehmer D, Tsifaki M, O'Neill K, Pedrini E, Yang C, Medina R, McDonald D, Simpson D, Zampetaki A, Zeng L, Grieve D, Lois N, Stitt AW, Margariti A. Enhanced Function of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells Through ESM1 Signaling. Stem Cells 2018; 37:226-239. [PMID: 30372556 PMCID: PMC6392130 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mortality rate for (cardio)‐vascular disease is one of the highest in the world, so a healthy functional endothelium is of outmost importance against vascular disease. In this study, human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were reprogrammed from 1 ml blood of healthy donors and subsequently differentiated into endothelial cells (iPS‐ECs) with typical EC characteristics. This research combined iPS cell technologies and next‐generation sequencing to acquire an insight into the transcriptional regulation of iPS‐ECs. We identified endothelial cell‐specific molecule 1 (ESM1) as one of the highest expressed genes during EC differentiation, playing a key role in EC enrichment and function by regulating connexin 40 (CX40) and eNOS. Importantly, ESM1 enhanced the iPS‐ECs potential to improve angiogenesis and neovascularisation in in vivo models of angiogenesis and hind limb ischemia. These findings demonstrated for the first time that enriched functional ECs are derived through cell reprogramming and ESM1 signaling, opening the horizon for drug screening and cell‐based therapies for vascular diseases. Therefore, this study showcases a new approach for enriching and enhancing the function of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell‐derived ECs from a very small amount of blood through ESM1 signaling, which greatly enhances their functionality and increases their therapeutic potential. Stem Cells2019;37:226–239
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vilà-González
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Kelaini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Corey Magee
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Caines
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - David Campbell
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Cochrane
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Daiana Drehmer
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Tsifaki
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Karla O'Neill
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhold Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Denise McDonald
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - David Simpson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Grieve
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Noemi Lois
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Co Antrim, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scaldaferri D, Bosi A, Fabbri M, Pedrini E, Inforzato A, Valli R, Frattini A, De Vito A, Noonan DM, Taramelli R, Mortara L, Acquati F. The human RNASET2 protein affects the polarization pattern of human macrophages in vitro. Immunol Lett 2018; 203:102-111. [PMID: 30218741 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages represent key inflammatory cellular effectors of the innate immune response. Despite being widely acknowledged as professional phagocytes, the functional roles played by these cells have been progressively widened over the years to encompass regulation of the adaptive immune system, stimulation or suppression of cancer cell growth and tissue remodeling. These diverse functional features have led to the concept of "macrophage plasticity", i.e. the ability of these cells to express a wide range of phenotypes endowed with different functional roles. Several activation programs have been described for mammalian macrophages, based mainly on their differential transcriptional profiles. Based on established in vitro experimental conditions, many researchers currently refer to the M1 (or M1-like) and M2 (or M2-like) terms to describe the two extremes of a rather broad spectrum of polarization states that macrophages can experience in vivo. In light of the widely recognized opposite roles of M1-like and M2-like macrophages on cancer growth, and our largely incomplete knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of the M1-like versus M2-like balance within a tumor mass, we report here results from in vitro assays pointing at the human RNASET2 gene as a potential regulator of the balance between M1-like/M2-like macrophage polarization. Not only do our results confirm previous in vivo data, thus further supporting a role for this pleiotropic protein in the innate immune system, but they also define RNASET2 as a new molecular target with potential applications for in vivo reprogramming of macrophage polarization, an increasingly appraised anticancer strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Scaldaferri
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bosi
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbri
- Unit of Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Valli
- Cytogenetic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frattini
- Cytogenetic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy; IRGB - National Research Council (CNR), UOS Milan, 20090, Italy
| | - Annarosaria De Vito
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, 20138, Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy.
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy; Interuniversity Research Center in Protein Biotechnologies "The Protein Factory"- Politecnico Milano and Università degli studi dell'Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou JX, Taramelli R, Pedrini E, Knijnenburg T, Huang S. Extracting Intercellular Signaling Network of Cancer Tissues using Ligand-Receptor Expression Patterns from Whole-tumor and Single-cell Transcriptomes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8815. [PMID: 28821810 PMCID: PMC5562796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many behaviors of cancer, such as progression, metastasis and drug resistance etc., cannot be fully understood by genetic mutations or intracellular signaling alone. Instead, they are emergent properties of the cell community which forms a tumor. Studies of tumor heterogeneity reveal that many cancer behaviors critically depend on intercellular communication between cancer cells themselves and between cancer-stromal cells by secreted signaling molecules (ligands) and their cognate receptors. We analyzed public cancer transcriptome database for changes in cell-cell interactions as the characteristic of malignancy. We curated a list (>2,500 ligand-receptor pairs) and identified their joint enrichment in tumors from TCGA pan-cancer data. From single-cell RNA-Seq data for a case of melanoma and the specificity of the ligand-receptor interactions and their gene expression measured in individual cells, we constructed a map of a cell-cell communication network that indicates what signal is exchanged between which cell types in the tumor. Such networks establish a new formal phenotype of cancer which captures the cell-cell communication structure - it may open new opportunities for identifying molecular signatures of coordinated behaviors of cancer cells as a population - in turn may become a determinant of cancer progression potential and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baranzini N, Pedrini E, Girardello R, Tettamanti G, de Eguileor M, Taramelli R, Acquati F, Grimaldi A. Human recombinant RNASET2-induced inflammatory response and connective tissue remodeling in the medicinal leech. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:337-351. [PMID: 28070637 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that the RNASET2 gene is involved in the control of tumorigenicity in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, a role in establishing a functional cross-talk between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment has been unveiled for this gene, based on its ability to act as an inducer of the innate immune response. Although several studies have reported on the molecular features of RNASET2, the details on the mechanisms by which this evolutionarily conserved ribonuclease regulates the immune system are still poorly defined. In the effort to clarify this aspect, we report here the effect of recombinant human RNASET2 injection and its role in regulating the innate immune response after bacterial challenge in an invertebrate model, the medicinal leech. We found that recombinant RNASET2 injection induces fibroplasias, connective tissue remodeling and the recruitment of numerous infiltrating cells expressing the specific macrophage markers CD68 and HmAIF1. The RNASET2-mediated chemotactic activity for macrophages has been further confirmed by using a consolidated experimental approach based on injection of the Matrigel biomatrice (MG) supplemented with recombinant RNASET2 in the leech body wall. One week after injection, a large number of CD68+ and HmAIF-1+ macrophages massively infiltrated MG sponges. Finally, in leeches challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or with the environmental bacteria pathogen Micrococcus nishinomiyaensis, numerous macrophages migrating to the site of inoculation expressed high levels of endogenous RNASET2. Taken together, these results suggest that RNASET2 is likely involved in the initial phase of the inflammatory response in leeches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Turconi G, Scaldaferri D, Fabbri M, Monti L, Lualdi M, Pedrini E, Gribaldo L, Taramelli R, Acquati F. RNASET2 silencing affects miRNAs and target gene expression pattern in a human ovarian cancer cell model. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2637-2646. [PMID: 27840914 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleases (RNases) are hydrolytic enzymes endowed with the ability to either process or degrade ribonucleic acids. Among the many biological functions assigned to RNases, a growing attention has been recently devoted to the control of cancer growth, in the attempt to bring novel therapeutic approaches to clinical oncology. Indeed, several enzymes belonging to different ribonuclease families have been reported in the last decade to display a marked oncosuppressive activity in a wide range of experimental models. The human RNASET2 gene, the only member of the highly conserved T2/Rh/S family of endoribonucleolytic enzymes described in our species, has been shown to display oncosuppressive roles in both in vitro and in vivo models representing several human malignancies. In the present study, we extend previous findings obtained in ovarian cancer models to shed further light on the cell-autonomous roles played by this gene in the context of its oncosuppresive role and to show that RNASET2 silencing can significantly affect the transcriptional output in one of the most thoroughly investigated human ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, we report for the first time that RNASET2-mediated changes in the cell transcriptome are in part mediated by its apparent ability to affect the cell's microRNA expression pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Turconi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Debora Scaldaferri
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Lualdi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Gribaldo
- JRC Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Chemical Safety and Alternative Methods Unit, Ispra, Varese (VA), Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lualdi M, Pedrini E, Rea K, Monti L, Scaldaferri D, Gariboldi M, Camporeale A, Ghia P, Monti E, Tomassetti A, Acquati F, Taramelli R. Pleiotropic modes of action in tumor cells of RNASET2, an evolutionary highly conserved extracellular RNase. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7851-65. [PMID: 25797262 PMCID: PMC4480721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As widely recognized, tumor growth entails a close and complex cross-talk among cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment. We recently described the human RNASET2 gene as one key player of such microenvironmental cross-talk. Indeed, the protein encoded by this gene is an extracellular RNase which is able to control cancer growth in a non-cell autonomous mode by inducing a sustained recruitment of immune-competent cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage lineage within a growing tumor mass. Here, we asked whether this oncosuppressor gene is sensitive to stress challenges and whether it can trigger cell-intrinsic processes as well. Indeed, RNASET2 expression levels were consistently found to increase following stress induction. Moreover, changes in RNASET2 expression levels turned out to affect several cancer-related parameters in vitro in an ovarian cancer cell line model. Of note, a remarkable rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton organization, together with changes in cell adhesion and motility, emerged as putative mechanisms by which such cell-autonomous role could occur. Altogether, these biological features allow to put forward the hypothesis that the RNASET2 protein can act as a molecular barrier for limiting the damages and tissue remodeling events occurring during the earlier step of cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lualdi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Katia Rea
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Monti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Debora Scaldaferri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marzia Gariboldi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Annalisa Camporeale
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Present address: Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Monti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Antonella Tomassetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Taramelli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Attili T, Atti A, Moretti F, Pedrini E, Forlani M, Bernabei V, Bonafede R, De Ronchi D. Leading cause of re-hospitalization in an Italian acute psychiatric unit: preliminary results. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo describe the leading cause of re-hospitalization in an Acute Psychiatric Unit of a general hospital in Bologna, Northern Italy.MethodsAll repeated admissions (>3consecutive admissions in 18 months) were recorded thanks to the Hospital Informatic System. Case-history were reviewed to collect information, diagnoses were based on the ICD-10.ResultsIn the indexed period, 392 admissions were registered for 152 patients (mean age 44; 46,1% women). At least one precipitating cause was present in 64% of admissions. The most frequent were psycho-social stress such as family conflicts, parental separations, relational problems, job or economic difficulties (39%). The co-occurrence of 2+ of such factors was common (20%). Tricky situation within the psychiatric rehabilitation service (20%), low compliance to treatments (7%), alcohol/drugs abuse (7%), and low insight (3%) were the remaining associated factors. All the re-admissions of patients with poor insight or reduced compliance were due to the same cause. Poor adherence to therapies was more frequent in bipolar disorder compared with other diagnosis (17%vs7%, p<0.005). In patients affected by personality disorders the contemporary presence of 2 or more factors was needed in 40% of admissions. Patients with schizophrenia showed the most hetherogeneous pattern of precipitating factors.ConclusionsRegardless of diagnoses, in almost a half of the admissions a single psycho-social stress is sufficient to lead to re-hospitalization; in personality disorders the contemporary presence of 2+ stressors is needed to overcome the capacity compensation of the patient. Low insight is frequently associated to re-admissions. Tailored treatments might reduce the frequency of re-hospitalization.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zuntini M, Salvatore M, Pedrini E, Parra A, Sgariglia F, Magrelli A, Taruscio D, Sangiorgi L. MicroRNA profiling of multiple osteochondromas: identification of disease-specific and normal cartilage signatures. Clin Genet 2011; 78:507-16. [PMID: 20662852 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple osteochondroma (MO) is a rare skeletal disease characterized by the formation of multiple benign cartilage-capped bone tumors; in 1-5% of patients, a malignant transformation into peripheral chondrosarcoma may occur. This disorder is characterized by a large spectrum of germline mutations scattered along EXT1/EXT2 genes, the presence of a significant percentage of patients without alterations in EXT genes, and a large phenotypic variability. The molecular basis of MO genetic and clinical heterogeneity, including the causes underlying malignant transformation, is currently unknown. This leads to the lack of appropriate diagnostic/prognostic markers as well as of therapeutic options. Recently, specific microRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be involved in chondrogenesis and inflammatory cartilage diseases. We therefore hypothesized a role for microRNAs in cartilaginous tumors and investigated microRNA expression in osteochondroma and normal cartilage tissues to evaluate whether they could affect osteochondromas onset and/or clinical manifestations. Our results indicate that miRNAs differentially expressed in MO samples may hamper the molecular signaling responsible for normal differentiation of chondrocytes, contributing to pathogenesis and clinical outcome. Although further studies are needed to validate our observations and to identify targets of miRNAs, this is the first study reporting on miRNA expression in growth plate and its comparison with pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zuntini
- Department of Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moretti F, Pedrini E, Bonafede R, Bernabei V, De Ronchi D, Atti A. P02-107 - Frequent attenders in an Italian acute psychiatric unit. Eur Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
23
|
Pedrini E, Sanchez FC, Qureshi A, Valero S, Ramos M, Revollo H, Delgadillo C. Prevalence of Major Depression in Barcelona Primary Care Settings: A Comparative Study Between Latinos and Native Born Patients. Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Immigration to Spain is a recent but rapidly growing fenomena. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the immigrants relative to natives is an inconclusive theme, given that several studies have found contradictory results.This study presents sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of mood disorders (detected with MINI) of 842 adults (411 Latinos and 431 Natives), attending primary care in the greater Barcelona metropolitan area.Results:Most of the sample was female (n=591; 70.2%), the mean age was 34.7 (±9.8) years, range 18-65. Significant (p< 0,001) differences were found between the two groups in: scholarization, housing, work status, income and percived social network.The prevalence of actual major depresssive disorder (MDD) was 12.7% in the total sample, with a higer prevalence in the Latinos (n=68; 16.5%) than Natives (n=39; 9.0%); p=0.001 X2=10.57.There was no difference in total prevalences of other mood disorders between the two groups. Analysis -through logistic regression- of only those patients with complete data, (n=613; 307 Latinos and 306 Natives) showed that the probability of MDD was higer in Latinos than in Native patients (OR= 2.4; 95% CI= 1.5-4.0). After adjusting for gender and all the significantly different variables, the higer risk of MDD in Latinos disappeared (OR= 1.3; 95% CI= 0.7-2.4).Conclusions:From these data we can conlude that the relation between immigrant status and depression is not direct but rather mediated by disadvantaged social conditions. In further similar studies social variables should be considered.
Collapse
|
24
|
Vucusa C, Pedrini E, Abrate M. [Pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum caused by rupture of a mucinous cystoma of the ovary. Description of a case]. Minerva Ginecol 1992; 44:51-4. [PMID: 1508385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A case of pseudomyxoma peritonei originating from spontaneous rupture of an ovaric mucinous cystoma is described: in this pathology we observe the spreading throughout the peritoneal cavity of free or encapsulated gelatinous masses arising from primitive lesion. The examined case presented a spreading of mucinous masses on contralateral ovary and omentum and a total laparo-hysterectomy, bilateral annessiectomy and omentectomy has been carried out. A year after surgery, on the base of a three months follow-up, no clinical or ultrasonic signs of local recurrence has been noticed. The pathogenesis of this pathology is discussed: the flogistic hypothesis considering such a spreading as a "foreign body" peritonitis and the neoplastic one, pointing out a metastatic process of mucus-secretive epithelia implantation as the etiopathogenetic moment of the injury, are actually the most accredited hypothesis by literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Vucusa
- Divisione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Ospedale S.S. Annunziata, Savigliano, Cune
| | | | | |
Collapse
|