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Zenic L, Polancec D, Hudetz D, Jelec Z, Rod E, Vidovic D, Staresinic M, Sabalic S, Vrdoljak T, Petrovic T, Cukelj F, Molnar V, Cemerin M, Matisic V, Brlek P, Djukic Koroljevic Z, Boric I, Lauc G, Primorac D. Polychromatic Flow Cytometric Analysis of Stromal Vascular Fraction from Lipoaspirate and Microfragmented Counterparts Reveals Sex-Related Immunophenotype Differences. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121999. [PMID: 34946948 PMCID: PMC8702056 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells (MSC)-based therapy holds promise as a beneficial strategy for treating knee OA (osteoarthritis), but there is no standardized protocols nor mechanistic understanding. In order to gain a better insight into the human MSC from adipose tissue applied for autologous OA treatment, we performed extensive comparative immunophenotyping of the stromal vascular fraction from lipoaspirate or microfragmented lipoaspirates by polychromatic flow cytometry and investigated the cellular components considered responsible for cartilage regeneration. We found an enrichment of the regenerative cellular niche of the clinically applied microfragmented stromal vascular fraction. Sex-related differences were observed in the MSC marker expression and the ratio of the progenitor cells from fresh lipoaspirate, which, in female patients, contained a higher expression of CD90 on the three progenitor cell types including pericytes, a higher expression of CD105 and CD146 on CD31highCD34high endothelial progenitors as well as of CD73 on supra-adventitialadipose stromal cells. Some of these MSC-expression differences were present after microfragmentation and indicated a differential phenotype pattern of the applied MSC mixture in female and male patients. Our results provide a better insight into the heterogeneity of the adipose MSC subpopulations serving as OA therapeutics, with an emphasis on interesting differences between women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Zenic
- Department for Translational Medicine, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Denis Polancec
- Department for Translational Medicine, Srebrnjak Children’s Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Damir Hudetz
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Jelec
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- Department of Nursing, University North, 48000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Eduard Rod
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Dinko Vidovic
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- Clinic for Traumatology, University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.P.); (F.C.)
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Traumatology, Medical University Merkur Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srecko Sabalic
- Clinic for Traumatology, University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.P.); (F.C.)
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Trpimir Vrdoljak
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tadija Petrovic
- Clinic for Traumatology, University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabijan Cukelj
- Clinic for Traumatology, University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Draškovićeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.P.); (F.C.)
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martin Cemerin
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vid Matisic
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Zrinka Djukic Koroljevic
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Igor Boric
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.); (Z.J.); (E.R.); (D.V.); (T.V.); (V.M.); (M.C.); (V.M.); (P.B.); (Z.D.K.); (I.B.); (D.P.)
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96450 Coburg, Germany
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2
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Akinnola I, Rossi DR, Meyer C, Lindsey A, Haase DR, Fogas S, Ehrhardt MJ, Blue RE, Price AP, Johnson M, Alvarez DF, Taylor DA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A. Engineering Functional Vasculature in Decellularized Lungs Depends on Comprehensive Endothelial Cell Tropism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:727869. [PMID: 34485262 PMCID: PMC8415401 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.727869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering using decellularized whole lungs as matrix scaffolds began as a promise for creating autologous transplantable lungs for patients with end-stage lung disease and can also be used to study strategies for lung regeneration. Vascularization remains a critical component for all solid organ bioengineering, yet there has been limited success in generating functional re-endothelialization of most pulmonary vascular segments. We evaluated recellularization of the blood vessel conduits of acellular mouse scaffolds with highly proliferating, rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial progenitor cells (RMEPCs), pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) or microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). After 8 days of pulsatile perfusion, histological analysis showed that PAECs and MVECs possessed selective tropism for larger vessels or microvasculature, respectively. In contrast, RMEPCs lacked site preference and repopulated all vascular segments. RMEPC-derived endothelium exhibited thrombomodulin activity, expression of junctional genes, ability to synthesize endothelial signaling molecules, and formation of a restrictive barrier. The RMEPC phenotype described here could be useful for identifying endothelial progenitors suitable for efficient vascular organ and tissue engineering, regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeolu Akinnola
- MSTP, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel R Rossi
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carolyn Meyer
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ashley Lindsey
- Internal Medicine and Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Douglas R Haase
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Samuel Fogas
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael J Ehrhardt
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rachel E Blue
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Andrew P Price
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Max Johnson
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Diego F Alvarez
- Internal Medicine and Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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3
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Majewska A, Wilkus K, Brodaczewska K, Kieda C. Endothelial Cells as Tools to Model Tissue Microenvironment in Hypoxia-Dependent Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E520. [PMID: 33430201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) lining the blood vessels are important players in many biological phenomena but are crucial in hypoxia-dependent diseases where their deregulation contributes to pathology. On the other hand, processes mediated by ECs, such as angiogenesis, vessel permeability, interactions with cells and factors circulating in the blood, maintain homeostasis of the organism. Understanding the diversity and heterogeneity of ECs in different tissues and during various biological processes is crucial in biomedical research to properly develop our knowledge on many diseases, including cancer. Here, we review the most important aspects related to ECs’ heterogeneity and list the available in vitro tools to study different angiogenesis-related pathologies. We focus on the relationship between functions of ECs and their organo-specificity but also point to how the microenvironment, mainly hypoxia, shapes their activity. We believe that taking into account the specific features of ECs that are relevant to the object of the study (organ or disease state), especially in a simplified in vitro setting, is important to truly depict the biology of endothelium and its consequences. This is possible in many instances with the use of proper in vitro tools as alternative methods to animal testing.
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Chen H, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li Q, Chen H, Guo S, Bao L, Wang Z, Min W, Xiang Q. Stage-specific regulation of Gremlin1 on the differentiation and expansion of human urinary induced pluripotent stem cells into endothelial progenitors. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8018-8030. [PMID: 32468734 PMCID: PMC7348142 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human urinary induced pluripotent stem cells (hUiPSCs) produced from exfoliated renal epithelial cells present in urine may provide a non-invasive source of endothelial progenitors for the treatment of ischaemic diseases. However, their differentiation efficiency is unsatisfactory and the underlying mechanism of differentiation is still unknown. Gremlin1 (GREM1) is an important gene involved in cell differentiation. Therefore, we tried to elucidate the roles of GREM1 during the differentiation and expansion of endothelial progenitors. HUiPSCs were induced into endothelial progenitors by three stages. After differentiation, GREM1 was obviously increased in hUiPSC-induced endothelial progenitors (hUiPSC-EPs). RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence GREM1 expression in three stages, respectively. We demonstrated a stage-specific effect of GREM1 in decreasing hUiPSC-EP differentiation in the mesoderm induction stage (Stage 1), while increasing differentiation in the endothelial progenitors' induction stage (Stage 2) and expansion stage (Stage 3). Exogenous addition of GREM1 recombinant protein in the endothelial progenitors' expansion stage (Stage 3) promoted the expansion of hUiPSC-EPs although the activation of VEGFR2/Akt or VEGFR2/p42/44MAPK pathway. Our study provided a new non-invasive source for endothelial progenitors, demonstrated critical roles of GREM1 in hUiPSC-EP and afforded a novel strategy to improve stem cell-based therapy for the ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixuan Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhecun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quhuan Li
- Institute of Biomechanics, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Bao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wang Min
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiuling Xiang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Farkas S, Simara P, Rehakova D, Veverkova L, Koutna I. Endothelial Progenitor Cells Produced From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by a Synergistic Combination of Cytokines, Small Compounds, and Serum-Free Medium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:309. [PMID: 32509776 PMCID: PMC7249886 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising source of autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that can be used for the treatment of vascular diseases. However, this kind of treatment requires a large amount of EPCs. Therefore, a highly efficient, robust, and easily reproducible differentiation protocol is necessary. We present a novel serum-free differentiation protocol that exploits the synergy of multiple powerful differentiation effectors. Our protocol follows the proper physiological pathway by differentiating EPCs from hPSCs in three phases that mimic in vivo embryonic vascular development. Specifically, hPSCs are differentiated into (i) primitive streak, which is subsequently turned into (ii) mesoderm, which finally differentiates into (iii) EPCs. This differentiation process yields up to 15 differentiated cells per seeded hPSC in 5 days. Endothelial progenitor cells constitute up to 97% of these derived cells. The experiments were performed on the human embryonic stem cell line H9 and six human induced pluripotent stem cell lines generated in our laboratory. Therefore, robustness was verified using many hPSC lines. Two previously established protocols were also adapted and compared to our synergistic three-phase protocol. Increased efficiency and decreased variability were observed for our differentiation protocol in comparison to the other tested protocols. Furthermore, EPCs derived from hPSCs by our protocol expressed the high-proliferative-potential EPC marker CD157 on their surface in addition to the standard EPC surface markers CD31, CD144, CD34, KDR, and CXCR4. Our protocol enables efficient fully defined production of autologous endothelial progenitors for research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Farkas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Theoretical Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Simara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Theoretical Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniela Rehakova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Veverkova
- I. Surgery Department, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Irena Koutna
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Theoretical Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Bertelli PM, Pedrini E, Guduric-Fuchs J, Peixoto E, Pathak V, Stitt AW, Medina RJ. Vascular Regeneration for Ischemic Retinopathies: Hope from Cell Therapies. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:372-384. [PMID: 31609636 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1681004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal vascular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusion, ocular ischemic syndrome and ischemic optic neuropathy, are leading causes of vision impairment and blindness. Whilst drug, laser or surgery-based treatments for the late stage complications of many of these diseases are available, interventions that target the early vasodegenerative stages are lacking. Progressive vasculopathy and ensuing ischemia is an underpinning pathology in many of these diseases, leading to hypoperfusion, hypoxia, and ultimately pathological neovascularization and/or edema in the retina and other ocular tissues, such as the optic nerve and iris. Therefore, repairing the retinal vasculature may prevent progression of ischemic retinopathies into late stage vascular complications. Various cell types have been explored for their vascular repair potential. Endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are studied for their potential to integrate with the damaged retinal vasculature and limit ischemic injury. Clinical trials for some of these cell types have confirmed safety and feasibility in the treatment of ischemic diseases, including some retinopathies. Another promising avenue is mobilization of endogenous endothelial progenitors, whereby reparative cells are moved from their niche to circulating blood to target and home into ischemic tissues. Several aspects and properties of these cell types have yet to be elucidated. Nevertheless, we foresee that cell therapy, whether through delivery of exogenous or enhancement of endogenous reparative cells, will become a valuable and beneficial treatment for ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Maria Bertelli
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edoardo Pedrini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jasenka Guduric-Fuchs
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Elisa Peixoto
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Varun Pathak
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Czabanka M, Petrilli LL, Elvers-Hornung S, Bieback K, Albert Imhof B, Vajkoczy P, Vinci M. Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C Mediates the Recruitment of Embryonic-Endothelial Progenitor Cells to the Perivascular Niche during Tumor Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041209. [PMID: 32054130 PMCID: PMC7072851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The homing of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) to tumor angiogenic sites has been described as a multistep process, involving adhesion, migration, incorporation and sprouting, for which the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are yet to be fully defined. Here, we studied the expression of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C (JAM-C) by EPCs and its role in EPC homing to tumor angiogenic vessels. For this, we used mouse embryonic-Endothelial Progenitor Cells (e-EPCs), intravital multi-fluorescence microscopy techniques and the dorsal skin-fold chamber model. JAM-C was found to be expressed by e-EPCs and endothelial cells. Blocking JAM-C did not affect adhesion of e-EPCs to endothelial monolayers in vitro but, interestingly, it did reduce their adhesion to tumor endothelium in vivo. The most striking effect of JAM-C blocking was on tube formation on matrigel in vitro and the incorporation and sprouting of e-EPCs to tumor endothelium in vivo. Our results demonstrate that JAM-C mediates e-EPC recruitment to tumor angiogenic sites, i.e., coordinated homing of EPCs to the perivascular niche, where they cluster and interact with tumor blood vessels. This suggests that JAM-C plays a critical role in the process of vascular assembly and may represent a potential therapeutic target to control tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charitè, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Neurosurgery Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Lucia Lisa Petrilli
- Department of Onco-haematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Susanne Elvers-Hornung
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Fred Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Fred Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany (K.B.)
| | - Beat Albert Imhof
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charitè, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Neurosurgery Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30450560-002
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Neurosurgery Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
- Department of Onco-haematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
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8
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Polancec D, Zenic L, Hudetz D, Boric I, Jelec Z, Rod E, Vrdoljak T, Skelin A, Plecko M, Turkalj M, Nogalo B, Primorac D. Immunophenotyping of a Stromal Vascular Fraction from Microfragmented Lipoaspirate Used in Osteoarthritis Cartilage Treatment and Its Lipoaspirate Counterpart. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E474. [PMID: 31234442 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease accompanied by pain and loss of function. Adipose tissue harbors mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC), or medicinal signaling cells as suggested by Caplan (Caplan, 2017), used in autologous transplantation in many clinical settings. The aim of the study was to characterize a stromal vascular fraction from microfragmented lipoaspirate (SVF-MLA) applied for cartilage treatment in OA and compare it to that of autologous lipoaspirate (SVF-LA). Samples were first stained using a DuraClone SC prototype tube for the surface detection of CD31, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146 and LIVE/DEAD Yellow Fixable Stain for dead cell detection, followed by DRAQ7 cell nuclear dye staining, and analyzed by flow cytometry. In SVF-LA and SVF-MLA samples, the following population phenotypes were identified within the CD45− fraction: CD31+CD34+CD73±CD90±CD105±CD146± endothelial progenitors (EP), CD31+CD34−CD73±CD90±CD105−CD146± mature endothelial cells, CD31−CD34−CD73±CD90+CD105−CD146+ pericytes, CD31−CD34+CD73±CD90+CD105−CD146+ transitional pericytes, and CD31−CD34+CD73highCD90+CD105−CD146− supra-adventitial-adipose stromal cells (SA-ASC). The immunophenotyping profile of SVF-MLA was dominated by a reduction of leukocytes and SA-ASC, and an increase in EP, evidencing a marked enrichment of this cell population in the course of adipose tissue microfragmentation. The role of EP in pericyte-primed MSC-mediated tissue healing, as well as the observed hormonal implication, is yet to be investigated.
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9
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Montgomery R, Paterson A, Williamson C, Florida-James G, Ross MD. Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Attenuates the Exercise-Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cell Response in Healthy, Young Men. Front Physiol 2019; 10:447. [PMID: 31057427 PMCID: PMC6478759 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a vasculogenic subset of progenitors, which play a key role in maintenance of endothelial integrity. These cells are exercise-responsive, and thus exercise may play a key role in vascular repair and maintenance via mobilization of such cells. Blood flow restriction exercise, due to the augmentation of local tissue hypoxia, may promote exercise-induced EPC mobilization. Nine, healthy, young (18–30 years) males participated in the study. Participants undertook 2 trials of single leg knee extensor (KE) exercise, at 60% of thigh occlusion pressure (4 sets at 30% maximal torque) (blood flow restriction; BFR) or non- blood flow restriction (non-BFR), in a fasted state. Blood was taken prior, immediately after, and 30 min after exercise. Blood was used for the quantification of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs: CD34+CD45dim), EPCs (CD34+VEGFR2+/CD34+CD45dimVEGFR2+) by flow cytometry. Our results show that unilateral KE exercise did not affect circulating HPC levels (p = 0.856), but did result in increases in both CD34+VEGFR2+ and CD34+CD45dimVEGFR2+ EPCs, but only in the non-BFR trial (CD34+VEGFR2+: 269 ± 42 cells mL-1 to 573 ± 90 cells mL-1, pre- to immediately post-exercise, p = 0.008; CD34+CD45dimVEGFR2+: 129 ± 21 cells mL-1 to 313 ± 103 cells mL-1, pre- to 30 min post-exercise, p = 0.010). In conclusion, low load BFR exercise did not result in significant circulating changes in EPCs in the post-exercise recovery period and may impair exercise-induced EPC mobilization compared to non-BFR exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Montgomery
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Paterson
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Williamson
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Daniel Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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10
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Rossi E, Bernabeu C, Smadja DM. Endoglin as an Adhesion Molecule in Mature and Progenitor Endothelial Cells: A Function Beyond TGF-β. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:10. [PMID: 30761306 PMCID: PMC6363663 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (ENG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells that functions as a co-receptor for several ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family. ENG is also a recognized marker of angiogenesis and mutations in the endoglin gene are responsible for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) type 1, a vascular disease characterized by defective angiogenesis, arteriovenous malformations, telangiectasia, and epistaxis. In addition to its involvement in the TGF-β family signaling pathways, several lines of evidence suggest that the extracellular domain of ENG has a role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion via its RGD motif. Indeed, we have described a role for endothelial ENG in leukocyte trafficking and extravasation via its binding to leukocyte integrins. We have also found that ENG is involved in vasculogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells known as endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). Moreover, the binding of endothelial ENG to platelet integrins regulate the resistance to shear during platelet-endothelium interactions under inflammatory conditions. Because of the need for more effective treatments in HHT and the involvement of ENG in angiogenesis, current studies are aimed at identifying novel biological functions of ENG which could serve as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the interaction between ENG and integrins with the aim to better understand the role of this protein in blood vessel formation driven by progenitor and mature endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S1140, Paris, France
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M Smadja
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S1140, Paris, France.,Department of Hematology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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11
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Paschalaki KE, Randi AM. Recent Advances in Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Toward Their Use in Clinical Translation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:295. [PMID: 30406106 PMCID: PMC6205967 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “Endothelial progenitor cell” (EPC) has been used to describe multiple cell populations that express endothelial surface makers and promote vascularisation. However, the only population that has all the characteristics of a real “EPC” is the Endothelial Colony Forming Cells (ECFC). ECFC possess clonal proliferative potential, display endothelial and not myeloid cell surface markers, and exhibit pronounced postnatal vascularisation ability in vivo. ECFC have been used to investigate endothelial molecular dysfunction in several diseases, as they give access to endothelial cells from patients in a non-invasive way. ECFC also represent a promising tool for revascularization of damaged tissue. Here we review the translational applications of ECFC research. We discuss studies which have used ECFC to investigate molecular endothelial abnormalities in several diseases and review the evidence supporting the use of ECFC for autologous cell therapy, gene therapy and tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss ways to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ECFC in clinical applications, as well as the challenges that must be overcome to use ECFC in clinical trials for regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koralia E Paschalaki
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Del Papa N, Pignataro F. The Role of Endothelial Progenitors in the Repair of Vascular Damage in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1383. [PMID: 29967618 PMCID: PMC6015881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by a complex pathological process where the main scenario is represented by progressive loss of microvascular bed, with the consequent progressive fibrotic changes in involved organ and tissues. Although most aspects of vascular injury in scleroderma are poorly understood, recent data suggest that the scleroderma impairment of neovascularization could be related to both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis failure. Particularly, compensatory angiogenesis does not occur normally in spite of an important increase in many angiogenic factors either in SSc skin or serum. Besides insufficient angiogenesis, the contribution of defective vasculogenesis to SSc vasculopathy has been extensively studied. Over the last decades, our understanding of the processes responsible for the formation of new vessels after tissue ischemia has increased. In the past, adult neovascularization was thought to depend mainly on angiogenesis (a process by which new vessels are formed by the proliferation and migration of mature endothelial cells). More recently, increased evidence suggests that stem cells mobilize from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood (PB), differentiate in circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs), and home to site of ischemia to contribute to de novo vessel formation. Significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of EPCs, and molecular mechanisms regulating EPC function. Autologous EPCs now are becoming a novel treatment option for therapeutic vascularization and vascular repair, mainly in ischemic diseases. However, different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and peripheral artery ischemia are related to EPC dysfunction. Several studies have shown that EPCs can be detected in the PB of patients with SSc and are impaired in their function. Based on an online literature search (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, last updated December 2017) using keywords related to “endothelial progenitor cells” and “Systemic Sclerosis,” “scleroderma vasculopathy,” “angiogenesis,” “vasculogenesis,” this review gives an overview on the large body of data of current research in this issue, including controversies over the identity and functions of EPCs, their meaning as biomarker of SSc microangiopathy and their clinical potency.
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13
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Sturtzel C, Lipnik K, Hofer-Warbinek R, Testori J, Ebner B, Seigner J, Qiu P, Bilban M, Jandrositz A, Preisegger KH, Untergasser G, Gunsilius E, de Martin R, Kroll J, Hofer E. FOXF1 Mediates Endothelial Progenitor Functions and Regulates Vascular Sprouting. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:76. [PMID: 29963552 PMCID: PMC6010557 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) or late blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC) have been proposed to contribute to neovascularization in humans. Exploring genes characteristic for the progenitor status of ECFC we have identified the forkhead box transcription factor FOXF1 to be selectively expressed in ECFC compared to mature endothelial cells isolated from the vessel wall. Analyzing the role of FOXF1 by gain- and loss-of-function studies we detected a strong impact of FOXF1 expression on the particularly high sprouting capabilities of endothelial progenitors. This apparently relates to the regulation of expression of several surface receptors. First, FOXF1 overexpression specifically induces the expression of Notch2 receptors and induces sprouting. Vice versa, knock-down of FOXF1 and Notch2 reduces sprouting. In addition, FOXF1 augments the expression of VEGF receptor-2 and of the arterial marker ephrin B2, whereas it downmodulates the venous marker EphB4. In line with these findings on human endothelial progenitors, we further show that knockdown of FOXF1 in the zebrafish model alters, during embryonic development, the regular formation of vasculature by sprouting. Hence, these findings support a crucial role of FOXF1 for endothelial progenitors and connected vascular sprouting as it may be relevant for tissue neovascularization. It further implicates Notch2, VEGF receptor-2, and ephrin B2 as downstream mediators of FOXF1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Sturtzel
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline Lipnik
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Hofer-Warbinek
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Testori
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Ebner
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Seigner
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ping Qiu
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Core Facility Genomics, Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Preisegger
- VivoCell Biosolutions GmbH, Graz, Austria.,Institut für morphologische Analytik und Humangenetik, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerold Untergasser
- Laboratory for Tumor Biology & Angiogenesis, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eberhard Gunsilius
- Laboratory for Tumor Biology & Angiogenesis, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European for Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erhard Hofer
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Skurikhin EG, Pakhomova AV, Pershina OV, Ermolaeva LA, Krupin VA, Ermakova NN, Pan ES, Kudryashova AI, Rybalkina OY, Pavlovskaya TB, Litvyakov NV, Goldberg VE, Dygai AM. Regenerative Potential of Spermatogonial Stem Cells, Endothelial Progenitor Cells, and Epithelial Progenitor Cells of C57Bl/6 Male Mice with Metabolic Disorders. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:239-244. [PMID: 28726193 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The properties of spermatogonial stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and the epithelial progenitors of C57Bl/6 mice under conditions of metabolic disorders were studied using the model of busulfan-induced suppression of spermatogenesis and in vitro culture technique. Spermatogonial stem cells CD117-CD90+ and epithelial progenitors CD45-CD31-Sca-1+CD49f+ derived from the testes of mice with metabolic disturbances demonstrated 17- and 28-fold increase in the respective cell mass and generated cell colonies in vitro. In contrast, spermatogonial stem cells with immune phenotype CD51-CD24+CD52+ had reduced selfrenewal capacity. Spermatogonial stem cells CD117-CD90+ and CD117+CD90+ as well as endothelial progenitors CD45-CD31+ derived from the testes of donor mice with metabolic disorders demonstrated high transplantation capacity in C57Bl/6 mouse testes damaged by cytostatic busulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Skurikhin
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A V Pakhomova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - O V Pershina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Ermolaeva
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V A Krupin
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N N Ermakova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E S Pan
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A I Kudryashova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O Yu Rybalkina
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - T B Pavlovskaya
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N V Litvyakov
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V E Goldberg
- Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Dygai
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk, Russia
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15
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Ran S, Wilber A. Novel role of immature myeloid cells in formation of new lymphatic vessels associated with inflammation and tumors. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:253-263. [PMID: 28408396 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1mr1016-434rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation triggers an immune cell-driven program committed to restoring homeostasis to injured tissue. Central to this process is vasculature restoration, which includes both blood and lymphatic networks. Generation of new vessels or remodeling of existing vessels are also important steps in metastasis-the major cause of death for cancer patients. Although roles of the lymphatic system in regulation of inflammation and cancer metastasis are firmly established, the mechanisms underlying the formation of new lymphatic vessels remain a subject of debate. Until recently, generation of new lymphatics in adults was thought to occur exclusively through sprouting of existing vessels without help from recruited progenitors. However, emerging findings from clinical and experimental studies show that lymphoendothelial progenitors, particularly those derived from immature myeloid cells, play an important role in this process. This review summarizes current evidence for the existence and significant roles of myeloid-derived lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECPs) in generation of new lymphatics. We describe specific markers of M-LECPs and discuss their biologic behavior in culture and in vivo, as well as currently known molecular mechanisms of myeloid-lymphatic transition (MLT). We also discuss the implications of M-LECPs for promoting adaptive immunity, as well as cancer metastasis. We conclude that improved mechanistic understanding of M-LECP differentiation and its role in adult lymphangiogenesis may lead to new therapeutic approaches for correcting lymphatic insufficiency or excessive formation of lymphatic vessels in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, and Simmons Cancer Institute, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Wilber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, and Simmons Cancer Institute, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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16
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Pang JH, Farhatnia Y, Godarzi F, Tan A, Rajadas J, Cousins BG, Seifalian AM. In situ Endothelialization: Bioengineering Considerations to Translation. Small 2015; 11:6248-64. [PMID: 26460851 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving patency rates of current cardiovascular implants remains a major challenge. It is widely accepted that regeneration of a healthy endothelium layer on biomaterials could yield the perfect blood-contacting surface. Earlier efforts in pre-seeding endothelial cells in vitro demonstrated success in enhancing patency, but translation to the clinic is largely hampered due to its impracticality. In situ endothelialization, which aims to create biomaterial surfaces capable of self-endothelializing upon implantation, appears to be an extremely promising solution, particularly with the utilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Nevertheless, controlling cell behavior in situ using immobilized biomolecules or physical patterning can be complex, thus warranting careful consideration. This review aims to provide valuable insight into the rationale and recent developments in biomaterial strategies to enhance in situ endothelialization. In particular, a discussion on the important bio-/nanoengineering considerations and lessons learnt from clinical trials are presented to aid the future translation of this exciting paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hon Pang
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Yasmin Farhatnia
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Fatemeh Godarzi
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- UCL Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brian G Cousins
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London (UCL), London, UK
- Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- NanoRegMed Ltd, London, UK
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17
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Fraineau S, Palii CG, Allan DS, Brand M. Epigenetic regulation of endothelial-cell-mediated vascular repair. FEBS J 2015; 282:1605-29. [PMID: 25546332 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of vascular integrity is essential for the prevention of vascular disease and for recovery following cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular events including limb ischemia, heart attack and stroke. Endothelial stem/progenitor cells have recently gained considerable interest due to their potential use in stem cell therapies to mediate revascularization after ischemic injury. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand fundamental mechanisms regulating vascular repair in specific cell types to develop new beneficial therapeutic interventions. In this review, we highlight recent studies demonstrating that epigenetic mechanisms (including post-translational modifications of DNA and histones as well as non-coding RNA-mediated processes) play essential roles in the regulation of endothelial stem/progenitor cell functions through modifying chromatin structure. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of using small molecules that modulate the activities of epigenetic enzymes to enhance the vascular repair function of endothelial cells and offer insight on potential strategies that may accelerate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Fraineau
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Canada
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18
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Hazra S, Jarajapu YPR, Stepps V, Caballero S, Thinschmidt JS, Sautina L, Bengtsson N, LiCalzi S, Dominguez J, Kern TS, Segal MS, Ash JD, Saban DR, Bartelmez SH, Grant MB. Long-term type 1 diabetes influences haematopoietic stem cells by reducing vascular repair potential and increasing inflammatory monocyte generation in a murine model. Diabetologia 2013; 56. [PMID: 23192694 PMCID: PMC3773610 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We sought to determine the impact of long-standing type 1 diabetes on haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC) number and function and to examine the impact of modulating glycoprotein (GP)130 receptor in these cells. METHODS Wild-type, gp130(-/-) and GFP chimeric mice were treated with streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes. Bone marrow (BM)-derived cells were used for colony-formation assay, quantification of side population (SP) cells, examination of gene expression, nitric oxide measurement and migration studies. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a population of vascular precursors derived from HSCs, were compared in diabetic and control mice. Cytokines were measured in BM supernatant fractions by ELISA and protein array. Flow cytometry was performed on enzymatically dissociated retina from gfp(+) chimeric mice and used to assess BM cell recruitment to the retina, kidney and blood. RESULTS BM cells from the 12-month-diabetic mice showed reduced colony-forming ability, depletion of SP-HSCs with a proportional increase in SP-HSCs residing in hypoxic regions of BM, decreased EPC numbers, and reduced eNos (also known as Nos3) but increased iNos (also known as Nos2) and oxidative stress-related genes. BM supernatant fraction showed increased cytokines, GP130 ligands and monocyte/macrophage stimulating factor. Retina, kidney and peripheral blood showed increased numbers of CD11b(+)/CD45(hi)/ CCR2(+)/Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes. Diabetic gp130(-/-) mice were protected from development of diabetes-induced changes in their HSCs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The BM microenvironment of type 1 diabetic mice can lead to changes in haematopoiesis, with generation of more monocytes and fewer EPCs contributing to development of microvascular complications. Inhibition of GP130 activation may serve as a therapeutic strategy to improve the key aspects of this dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hazra
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - Y. P. R. Jarajapu
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - V. Stepps
- BetaStem Therapeutics Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S. Caballero
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - J. S. Thinschmidt
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - L. Sautina
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N. Bengtsson
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - S. LiCalzi
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - J. Dominguez
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
| | - T. S. Kern
- Case Western Reserve University and Louis Stokes Veterans Administration Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M. S. Segal
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J. D. Ash
- University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - D. R. Saban
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - M. B. Grant
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Academic Research Building, PO 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
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19
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Abstract
After bone injuries, several molecular mechanisms establish bone repair from stem/progenitor cells. Inflammation factors attract regenerative cells which expand and differentiate in order to build up a bone highly similar to that before injury. Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as skeletal stem cells and endothelial progenitors (EPCs) are at the origin of such reparation mechanisms. However, discrepancies exist about their identities. Although cultured MSCs are extensively described, their in vivo native forms are poorly known. In addition, recent experiments show that several types of EPC exist. We therefore review up-to-date data on the characterization of such stem/progenitor cells and propose a new point of view of their function in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Deschaseaux
- Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-Atlantique, Groupe de Recherche sur les Cellules Souches Mésenchymateuses (GECSoM), Tours, France.
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