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Fernández O, Izquierdo G, Aguera E, Ramo C, Hernandez M, Silva D, Walker R, Butzkueven H, Wang C, Barnett M. Comparison of first-line and second-line use of fingolimod in relapsing MS: The open-label EARLIMS study. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217320957358. [PMID: 32974041 PMCID: PMC7493256 DOI: 10.1177/2055217320957358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of MS often begins with low-efficacy injectable disease-modifying therapy (iDMT). Objectives To compare the effect of fingolimod 0.5 mg/day on clinical, MRI, patient-reported, and safety outcomes, in treatment-naïve and previously treated (≥1 iDMT) patients with early MS. Methods EARLIMS was a multicentre, open-label, non-randomized, parallel-group phase 3 b/4 study in Australia and Spain. Patients with relapsing–remitting MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score <4.0, and ≥1–5 years since diagnosis, received daily fingolimod for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was annualized relapse rate (ARR). Results Of 347 patients enrolled at 51 sites (treatment-naïve, 200 [57.6%]; previously treated, 147 [42.4%]), 320 completed the study (treatment-naïve, 184 [92.0%]; previously treated, 136 [92.5%]), but the study remained underpowered (planned enrolment, n = 432). Fingolimod reduced ARR to similar levels in both treatment-naïve (mean ARR [95% confidence interval], 0.21 [0.14, 0.29]) and previously treated groups (0.30 [0.20, 0.41]; p = 0.1668). There were no new safety signals. Conclusions Fingolimod appeared equally effective as first- or second-line therapy in relapsing MS. There was a trend for better outcomes with fingolimod in treatment-naïve patients than in those previously treated with >1 iDMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Fernández
- Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Izquierdo
- Unidad de Esclerosis Múltiple, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eduardo Aguera
- Neurología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía - IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Ramo
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Miguel Hernandez
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Rob Walker
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia, NSW, Australia
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- MS and Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Barnett
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Bocchetta M, Galluzzi S, Kehoe PG, Aguera E, Bernabei R, Bullock R, Ceccaldi M, Dartigues JF, de Mendonça A, Didic M, Eriksdotter M, Félician O, Frölich L, Gertz HJ, Hallikainen M, Hasselbalch SG, Hausner L, Heuser I, Jessen F, Jones RW, Kurz A, Lawlor B, Lleo A, Martinez-Lage P, Mecocci P, Mehrabian S, Monsch A, Nobili F, Nordberg A, Rikkert MO, Orgogozo JM, Pasquier F, Peters O, Salmon E, Sánchez-Castellano C, Santana I, Sarazin M, Traykov L, Tsolaki M, Visser PJ, Wallin ÅK, Wilcock G, Wilkinson D, Wolf H, Yener G, Zekry D, Frisoni GB. The use of biomarkers for the etiologic diagnosis of MCI in Europe: an EADC survey. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 11:195-206.e1. [PMID: 25150733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium centers and assessed their perceived usefulness for the etiologic diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We surveyed availability, frequency of use, and confidence in diagnostic usefulness of markers of brain amyloidosis (amyloid positron emission tomography [PET], cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42) and neurodegeneration (medial temporal atrophy [MTA] on MR, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography [FDG-PET], CSF tau). The most frequently used biomarker is visually rated MTA (75% of the 37 responders reported using it "always/frequently") followed by CSF markers (22%), FDG-PET (16%), and amyloid-PET (3%). Only 45% of responders perceive MTA as contributing to diagnostic confidence, where the contribution was rated as "moderate". Seventy-nine percent of responders felt "very/extremely" comfortable delivering a diagnosis of MCI due to AD when both amyloid and neuronal injury biomarkers were abnormal (P < .02 versus any individual biomarker). Responders largely agreed that a combination of amyloidosis and neuronal injury biomarkers was a strongly indicative AD signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Samantha Galluzzi
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrick Gavin Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Eduardo Aguera
- Servicio Neurologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía Córdoba, Spain
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Gerontological, Geriatric and Psychiatric Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone and INSERM U1106, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Mira Didic
- Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone and INSERM U1106, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivier Félician
- Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, CHU Timone and INSERM U1106, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische, Gesundheit Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische, Gesundheit Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Isabell Heuser
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Roy W Jones
- RICE - The Research Institute for the Care of Older People, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | - Alexander Kurz
- Technische Universität Psychiatrische Klinik, Munchen, Germany
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institue for Research on Ageing, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Memory Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Santa Creu i, Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Department of Neurology, Univ Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Andreas Monsch
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, Dept of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Salmon
- Université de Liège, Cyclotron Research Centre, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Neurologie de la Mémoire et du Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Latchezar Traykov
- Department of Neurology, Univ Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Centre, Vrije Univ Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Alzheimer centre Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Åsa K Wallin
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Memory Clinic Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David Wilkinson
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre MARC, Moorgreen Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Henrike Wolf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dina Zekry
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS Istituto Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Memory Clinic and Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie du Vieillissement (LANVIE), University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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