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Cortez IL, Silva NR, Rodrigues NS, Pedrazzi JFC, Del Bel EA, Mechoulam R, Gomes FV, Guimarães FS. HU-910, a CB2 receptor agonist, reverses behavioral changes in pharmacological rodent models for schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 117:110553. [PMID: 35341823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite attenuating the positive symptoms, drugs currently used to treat schizophrenia frequently do not improve the negative symptoms and cognitive impairments. In addition, they show low tolerability, which has been associated with high rates of treatment discontinuation. Recent evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system may be a target for schizophrenia treatment. The CB2 receptor modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission, which is abnormally enhanced in schizophrenia patients. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether HU-910, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, would reverse schizophrenia-related behavioral changes observed after the acute injections of amphetamine or the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist MK-801. We also investigated the effects of HU-910 in the memory impairment caused by repeated MK-801 administration. Finally, we tested whether HU-910 would produce the cannabinoid tetrad (catalepsy, hypolocomotion, hypothermia, and antinociception). In male C57BL/6 mice, the acute treatment with HU-910 (30 mg/kg) prevented the hyperlocomotion induced by acute MK-801. This effect was blocked by the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 (1 mg/kg). On the contrary, HU-910 did not prevent the increased locomotor activity caused by acute amphetamine. The acute treatment with HU-910 (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) also attenuated the impairments in the prepulse inhibition test induced by acute MK-801 and amphetamine. The repeated treatment with HU-910 attenuated the cognitive impairment caused by chronic administration of MK-801 in the novel object recognition test. Furthermore, HU-910 did not produce the cannabinoid tetrad. These results indicate that HU-910 produced antipsychotic-like effects and support further research on the potential therapeutic properties of this compound to treat schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Lopes Cortez
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nicole R Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Naielly S Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Dentistry School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Hebrew University Medical Faculty, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Andrade YCP, Ropke J, Viana TG, Fanelli C, Minaldi E, Batista LA, Issy AC, Del Bel EA, Rodrigues LCM, Liégeois JF, Moreira FA. Effects of JL13, a pyridobenzoxazepine compound, in dopaminergic and glutamatergic models of antipsychotic activity. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:2-8. [PMID: 33399294 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The pyridobenzoxazepine compound, 5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-8-chloro-pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepine (JL13), has been developed as a potential antipsychotic drug. We tested the hypothesis that JL13 is efficacious in both dopaminergic and glutamatergic animal models of schizophrenia. We investigated JL13 for its efficacy to prevent cocaine- and ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion and MK-801-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex. Male Swiss mice received injections of JL13 (0.1-10 mg/kg) and were tested in the open field for basal locomotion. In separate experiments, the animals received injections of JL13 (0.1-3 mg/kg) followed by cocaine (10 mg/kg), ketamine (60 mg/kg), or MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) and were tested in the open field for hyperlocomotion. In addition, it was also tested if JL13 prevented MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. Only the highest dose of JL13 impaired spontaneous locomotion, suggesting its favorable profile regarding motor side effects. At doses that did not impair basal motor activity, JL13 prevented cocaine-, ketamine-, and MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion. Moreover, JL13 prevented MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. Extending previous findings, this study shows that JL13 exerts antipsychotic-like activity in both dopaminergic and glutamatergic models. This compound has a favorable pharmacological profile, similar to second-generation antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jivago Ropke
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Thércia G Viana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Chiara Fanelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Elisa Minaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences
| | - Luara A Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Ana C Issy
- Departament of Morphology, Estomatology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Departament of Morphology, Estomatology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto
| | - Lívia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Liégeois
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Sonego AB, Prado DS, Vale GT, Sepulveda-Diaz JE, Cunha TM, Tirapelli CR, Del Bel EA, Raisman-Vozari R, Guimarães FS. Cannabidiol prevents haloperidol-induced vacuos chewing movements and inflammatory changes in mice via PPARγ receptors. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:241-251. [PMID: 30217539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic use of drugs that reduce the dopaminergic neurotransmission can cause a hyperkinetic movement disorder called tardive dyskinesia (TD). The pathophysiology of this disorder is not entirely understood but could involve oxidative and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic compound present in Cannabis sativa plant, could be a possible therapeutic alternative for TD. This phytocannabinoid shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antipsychotic properties and decreases the acute motor effects of classical antipsychotics. The present study investigated if CBD would attenuate orofacial dyskinesia, oxidative stress and inflammatory changes induced by chronic administration of haloperidol in mice. Furthermore, we verified in vivo and in vitro (in primary microglial culture) whether these effects would be mediated by PPARγ receptors. The results showed that the male Swiss mice treated daily for 21 days with haloperidol develop orofacial dyskinesia. Daily CBD administration before each haloperidol injection prevented this effect. Mice treated with haloperidol showed an increase in microglial activation and inflammatory mediators in the striatum. These changes were also reduced by CBD. On the other hand, the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased in the striatum of animals that received CBD and haloperidol. Regarding oxidative stress, haloperidol induced lipid peroxidation and reduced catalase activity. This latter effect was attenuated by CBD. The combination of CBD and haloperidol also increased PGC-1α mRNA expression, a co-activator of PPARγ receptors. Pretreatment with the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, blocked the behavioural effect of CBD in our TD model. CBD also prevented LPS-stimulated microglial activation, an effect that was also antagonized by GW9662. In conclusion, our results suggest that CBD could prevent haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia by activating PPARγ receptors and attenuating neuroinflammatory changes in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza B Sonego
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Sorbonne Universités UPMC UMR S 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France.
| | - Douglas S Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Vale
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia E Sepulveda-Diaz
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC UMR S 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC UMR S 1127, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Gobira PH, Oliveira AC, Gomes JS, da Silveira VT, Asth L, Bastos JR, Batista EM, Issy AC, Okine BN, de Oliveira AC, Ribeiro FM, Del Bel EA, Aguiar DC, Finn DP, Moreira FA. Opposing roles of CB 1 and CB 2 cannabinoid receptors in the stimulant and rewarding effects of cocaine. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1541-1551. [PMID: 30101419 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) bind to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the brain and modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. This neurocircuitry is engaged by psychostimulant drugs, including cocaine. Although CB1 receptor antagonism and CB2 receptor activation are known to inhibit certain effects of cocaine, they have been investigated separately. Here, we tested the hypothesis that there is a reciprocal interaction between CB1 receptor blockade and CB2 receptor activation in modulating behavioural responses to cocaine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Swiss mice received i.p. injections of cannabinoid-related drugs followed by cocaine, and were then tested for cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion, c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and conditioned place preference. Levels of endocannabinoids after cocaine injections were also analysed. KEY RESULTS The CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, and the CB2 receptor agonist, JWH133, prevented cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. The same results were obtained by combining sub-effective doses of both compounds. The CB2 receptor antagonist, AM630, reversed the inhibitory effects of rimonabant in cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens. Selective inhibitors of anandamide and 2-AG hydrolysis (URB597 and JZL184, respectively) failed to modify this response. However, JZL184 prevented cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion when given after a sub-effective dose of rimonabant. Cocaine did not change brain endocannabinoid levels. Finally, CB2 receptor blockade reversed the inhibitory effect of rimonabant in the acquisition of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The present data support the hypothesis that CB1 and CB2 receptors work in concert with opposing functions to modulate certain addiction-related effects of cocaine. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Gobira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana C Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia S Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian T da Silveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laila Asth
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Bastos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edleusa M Batista
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana C Issy
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bright N Okine
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio C de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniele C Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - David P Finn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fabricio A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Mori MA, Delattre AM, Carabelli B, Pudell C, Bortolanza M, Staziaki PV, Visentainer JV, Montanher PF, Del Bel EA, Ferraz AC. Neuroprotective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease is mediated by a reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:341-351. [PMID: 28221817 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1290928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by deterioration of the nigrostriatal system and associated with chronic neuroinflammation. Glial activation has been associated with regulating the survival of dopaminergic neurons and is thought to contribute to PD through the release of proinflammatory and neurotoxic factors, such as reactive nitric oxide (NO) that triggers or exacerbates neurodegeneration in PD. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert protective effects, including antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activity, and may be promising for delaying or preventing PD by attenuating neuroinflammation and preserving dopaminergic neurons. The present study investigated the effects of fish oil supplementation that was rich in PUFAs on dopaminergic neuron loss, the density of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-immunoreactive cells, and microglia and astrocyte reactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatal dopaminergic fibers. METHODS The animals were supplemented with fish oil for 50 days and subjected to unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesions as a model of PD. RESULTS Fish oil mitigated the loss of SNpc neurons and nerve terminals in the striatum that was caused by 6-OHDA. This protective effect was associated with reductions of the density of iNOS-immunoreactive cells and microglia and astrocyte reactivity. DISCUSSION These results suggest that the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of fish oil supplementation are closely related to a decrease in dopaminergic damage that is caused by the 6-OHDA model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Mori
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Ana Marcia Delattre
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Bruno Carabelli
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Claudia Pudell
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- b Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia, Escola de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP) , Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Pedro Vinícius Staziaki
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Jesuí Vergilio Visentainer
- c Laboratório de Química de Alimentos, Departamento de Química , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Paula Fernandes Montanher
- c Laboratório de Química de Alimentos, Departamento de Química , Universidade Estadual de Maringá , Maringá , PR , Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- b Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia, Escola de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP) , Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil
| | - Anete Curte Ferraz
- a Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia , Universidade Federal do Paraná , 81531-990 Curitiba , PR , Brazil
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Bueno-Junior LS, Ruggiero RN, Rossignoli MT, Del Bel EA, Leite JP, Uchitel OD. Acetazolamide potentiates the afferent drive to prefrontal cortex in vivo. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/1/e13066. [PMID: 28087816 PMCID: PMC5256155 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on real-time neurophysiological effects of acetazolamide is still far behind the wide clinical use of this drug. Acetazolamide - a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - has been shown to affect the neuromuscular transmission, implying a pH-mediated influence on the central synaptic transmission. To start filling such a gap, we chose a central substrate: hippocampal-prefrontal cortical projections; and a synaptic phenomenon: paired-pulse facilitation (a form of synaptic plasticity) to probe this drug's effects on interareal brain communication in chronically implanted rats. We observed that systemic acetazolamide potentiates the hippocampal-prefrontal paired-pulse facilitation. In addition to this field electrophysiology data, we found that acetazolamide exerts a net inhibitory effect on prefrontal cortical single-unit firing. We propose that systemic acetazolamide reduces the basal neuronal activity of the prefrontal cortex, whereas increasing the afferent drive it receives from the hippocampus. In addition to being relevant to the clinical and side effects of acetazolamide, these results suggest that exogenous pH regulation can have diverse impacts on afferent signaling across the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezio S Bueno-Junior
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael N Ruggiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus T Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Stomatology, Dentistry School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Joao P Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo D Uchitel
- Department of Physiology, Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology Molecular Biology and Neuroscience University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Breuer A, Haj CG, Fogaça MV, Gomes FV, Silva NR, Pedrazzi JF, Del Bel EA, Hallak JC, Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Mechoulam R, Guimarães FS. Correction: Fluorinated Cannabidiol Derivatives: Enhancement of Activity in Mice Models Predictive of Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162087. [PMID: 27560809 PMCID: PMC4999303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sonego AB, Gomes FV, Del Bel EA, Guimaraes FS. Cannabidiol attenuates haloperidol-induced catalepsy and c-Fos protein expression in the dorsolateral striatum via 5-HT1A receptors in mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 309:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Breuer A, Haj CG, Fogaça MV, Gomes FV, Silva NR, Pedrazzi JF, Del Bel EA, Hallak JC, Crippa JA, Zuardi AW, Mechoulam R, Guimarães FS. Fluorinated Cannabidiol Derivatives: Enhancement of Activity in Mice Models Predictive of Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158779. [PMID: 27416026 PMCID: PMC4945002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major Cannabis sativa constituent, which does not cause the typical marijuana psychoactivity. However, it has been shown to be active in a numerous pharmacological assays, including mice tests for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and schizophrenia. In human trials the doses of CBD needed to achieve effects in anxiety and schizophrenia are high. We report now the synthesis of 3 fluorinated CBD derivatives, one of which, 4'-F-CBD (HUF-101) (1), is considerably more potent than CBD in behavioral assays in mice predictive of anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic and anti-compulsive activity. Similar to CBD, the anti-compulsive effects of HUF-101 depend on cannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Breuer
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Christeene G. Haj
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Manoela V. Fogaça
- Departments of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- Departments of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicole Rodrigues Silva
- Departments of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Pedrazzi
- Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine A. Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Pathology, School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime C. Hallak
- Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A. Crippa
- Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio W. Zuardi
- Neuroscience and Behavior, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail: (RM); (FSG)
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Departments of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RM); (FSG)
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Gomes FV, Llorente R, Del Bel EA, Viveros MP, López-Gallardo M, Guimarães FS. Decreased glial reactivity could be involved in the antipsychotic-like effect of cannabidiol. Schizophr Res 2015; 164:155-63. [PMID: 25680767 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptor hypofunction could be involved, in addition to the positive, also to the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits found in schizophrenia patients. An increasing number of data has linked schizophrenia with neuroinflammatory conditions and glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, have been related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotomimetic constituent of Cannabis sativa with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties induces antipsychotic-like effects. The present study evaluated if repeated treatment with CBD (30 and 60 mg/kg) would attenuate the behavioral and glial changes observed in an animal model of schizophrenia based on the NMDA receptor hypofunction (chronic administration of MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, for 28 days). The behavioral alterations were evaluated in the social interaction and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. These tests have been widely used to study changes related to negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, respectively. We also evaluated changes in NeuN (a neuronal marker), Iba-1 (a microglia marker) and GFAP (an astrocyte marker) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens core and shell, and dorsal hippocampus by immunohistochemistry. CBD effects were compared to those induced by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. Repeated MK-801 administration impaired performance in the social interaction and NOR tests. It also increased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the mPFC and the percentage of Iba-1-positive microglia cells with a reactive phenotype in the mPFC and dorsal hippocampus without changing the number of Iba-1-positive cells. No change in the number of NeuN-positive cells was observed. Both the behavioral disruptions and the changes in expression of glial markers induced by MK-801 treatment were attenuated by repeated treatment with CBD or clozapine. These data reinforces the proposal that CBD may induce antipsychotic-like effects. Although the possible mechanism of action of these effects is still unknown, it may involve CBD anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, our data support the view that inhibition of microglial activation may improve schizophrenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Llorente
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Paz Viveros
- Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gomes FV, Issy AC, Ferreira FR, Viveros MP, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS. Cannabidiol attenuates sensorimotor gating disruption and molecular changes induced by chronic antagonism of NMDA receptors in mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu041. [PMID: 25618402 PMCID: PMC4376539 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical data suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa, induces antipsychotic-like effects. However, the antipsychotic properties of repeated CBD treatment have been poorly investigated. Behavioral changes induced by repeated treatment with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists have been proposed as an animal model of schizophrenia-like signs. In the present study, we evaluated if repeated treatment with CBD would attenuate the behavioral and molecular modifications induced by chronic administration of one of these antagonists, MK-801. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice received daily i.p. injections of MK-801 (0.1, 0.5, or 1mg/kg) for 14, 21, or 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, animals were submitted to the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test. After that, we investigated if repeated treatment with CBD (15, 30, and 60mg/kg) would attenuate the PPI impairment induced by chronic treatment with MK-801 (1mg/kg; 28 days). CBD treatment began on the 6th day after the start of MK-801 administration and continued until the end of the treatment. Immediately after the PPI, the mice brains were removed and processed to evaluate the molecular changes. We measured changes in FosB/ΔFosB and parvalbumin (PV) expression, a marker of neuronal activity and a calcium-binding protein expressed in a subclass of GABAergic interneurons, respectively. Changes in mRNA expression of the NMDAR GluN1 subunit gene (GRN1) were also evaluated. CBD effects were compared to those induced by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. RESULTS MK-801 administration at the dose of 1mg/kg for 28 days impaired PPI responses. Chronic treatment with CBD (30 and 60mg/kg) attenuated PPI impairment. MK-801 treatment increased FosB/ΔFosB expression and decreased PV expression in the medial prefrontal cortex. A decreased mRNA level of GRN1 in the hippocampus was also observed. All the molecular changes were attenuated by CBD. CBD by itself did not induce any effect. Moreover, CBD effects were similar to those induced by repeated clozapine treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that repeated treatment with CBD, similar to clozapine, reverses the psychotomimetic-like effects and attenuates molecular changes observed after chronic administration of an NMDAR antagonist. These data support the view that CBD may have antipsychotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes and Guimarães); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Issy and Del Bel); Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes, Issy, Del Bel, and Guimarães); Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ferreira); Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (Viveros).
| | - Ana Carolina Issy
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes and Guimarães); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Issy and Del Bel); Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes, Issy, Del Bel, and Guimarães); Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ferreira); Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (Viveros)
| | - Frederico R Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes and Guimarães); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Issy and Del Bel); Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes, Issy, Del Bel, and Guimarães); Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ferreira); Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (Viveros)
| | - Maria-Paz Viveros
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes and Guimarães); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Issy and Del Bel); Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes, Issy, Del Bel, and Guimarães); Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ferreira); Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (Viveros)
| | - Elaine A Del Bel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes and Guimarães); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Issy and Del Bel); Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes, Issy, Del Bel, and Guimarães); Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ferreira); Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (Viveros)
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes and Guimarães); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Issy and Del Bel); Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil (Gomes, Issy, Del Bel, and Guimarães); Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ferreira); Department of Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (Viveros)
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Gomes FV, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS. Cannabidiol attenuates catalepsy induced by distinct pharmacological mechanisms via 5-HT1A receptor activation in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:43-7. [PMID: 23791616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa plant that produces antipsychotic effects in rodents and humans. It also reverses L-dopa-induced psychotic symptoms and improves motor function in Parkinson's patients. This latter effect raised the possibility that CBD could have beneficial effects on motor related striatal disorders. To investigate this possibility we evaluated if CBD would prevent catalepsy induced by drugs with distinct pharmacological mechanisms. The catalepsy test is largely used to investigate impairments of motor function caused by interference on striatal function. Male Swiss mice received acute pretreatment with CBD (5, 15, 30 or 60mg/kg, ip) 30min prior to the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol (0.6mg/kg), the non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-nitro-N-arginine (L-NOARG, 80mg/kg) or the CB1 receptor agonist WIN55,212-2 (5mg/kg). The mice were tested 1, 2 or 4h after haloperidol, L-NOARG or WIN55,212-2 injection. These drugs significantly increased catalepsy time and this effect was attenuated dose-dependently by CBD. CBD, by itself, did not induce catalepsy. In a second set of experiments the mechanism of CBD effects was investigated. Thirty minutes before CBD (30mg/kg) the animals received the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (0.1mg/kg). The anticataleptic effect of CBD was prevented by WAY100635. These findings indicate that CBD can attenuate catalepsy caused by different mechanisms (D2 blockade, NOS inhibition and CB1 agonism) via 5-HT1A receptor activation, suggesting that it could be useful in the treatment of striatal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Silveira JWS, Dias QM, Del Bel EA, Prado WA. Serotonin receptors are involved in the spinal mediation of descending facilitation of surgical incision-induced increase of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rats. Mol Pain 2010; 6:17. [PMID: 20331882 PMCID: PMC2860347 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Descending pronociceptive pathways may be implicated in states of persistent pain. Paw skin incision is a well-established postoperative pain model that causes behavioral nociceptive responses and enhanced excitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons. The number of spinal c-Fos positive neurons of rats treated intrathecally with serotonin, noradrenaline or acetylcholine antagonists where evaluated to study the descending pathways activated by a surgical paw incision. Results The number of c-Fos positive neurons in laminae I/II ipsilateral, lamina V bilateral to the incised paw, and in lamina X significantly increased after the incision. These changes: remained unchanged in phenoxybenzamine-treated rats; were increased in the contralateral lamina V of atropine-treated rats; were inhibited in the ipsilateral lamina I/II by 5-HT1/2B/2C (methysergide), 5-HT2A (ketanserin) or 5-HT1/2A/2C/5/6/7 (methiothepin) receptors antagonists, in the ipsilateral lamina V by methysergide or methiothepin, in the contralateral lamina V by all the serotonergic antagonists and in the lamina X by LY 278,584, ketanserin or methiothepin. Conclusions We conclude: (1) muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms reduce incision-induced response of spinal neurons inputs from the contralateral paw; (2) 5-HT1/2A/2C/3 receptors-mediate mechanisms increase the activity of descending pathways that facilitates the response of spinal neurons to noxious inputs from the contralateral paw; (3) 5-HT1/2A/2C and 5-HT1/2C receptors increases the descending facilitation mechanisms induced by incision in the ipsilateral paw; (4) 5-HT2A/3 receptors contribute to descending pronociceptive pathways conveyed by lamina X spinal neurons; (5) α-adrenergic receptors are unlikely to participate in the incision-induced facilitation of the spinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Walter S Silveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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Del Bel EA, Silva CAD, Mladinic M. O trauma raquimedular. Coluna/Columna 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-18512009000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A medula espinhal dos mamíferos adultos não permite a regeneração de axônios. Por razões ainda desconhecidas, as fibras neurais falham em cruzar o sítio da lesão, como se não houvesse crescimento, desde a primeira tentativa. Quais mecanismos poderiam explicar a perda da capacidade de regeneração? As cicatrizes formadas pelas células da glia seriam uma consequência da falha na regeneração ou a causa? Diversas linhas de evidência sugerem que a regeneração da medula espinhal seria impedida no sistema nervoso central pela ação de fatores locais no sítio da lesão, e que o sistema nervoso central não-lesado é um meio permissivo para o crescimento axonal, na direção de alvos específicos. Uma vez que os axônios são induzidos adequadamente a cruzar a lesão com o auxílio de implantes, fármacos ou células indiferenciadas, as fibras em regeneração podem encontrar a via específica e estabelecer conexões corretas. O que ainda não se sabe é que combinação de moléculas induz/inibe o potencial de regeneração do tecido e que mecanismos permitem aos neurônios formarem conexões específicas com os alvos com os quais são programados a fazer.
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Tonetto LL, Terzian AL, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS, Resstel LB. Inhibition of the NMDA receptor/Nitric Oxide pathway in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray causes anxiolytic-like effects in rats submitted to the Vogel conflict test. Behav Brain Funct 2009; 5:40. [PMID: 19775445 PMCID: PMC2762983 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-5-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies had demonstrated the involvement of the dorsolateral portion of periaqueductal grey matter (dlPAG) in defensive responses. This region contains a significant number of neurons containing the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and previous studies showed that non-selective NOS inhibition or glutamate NMDA-receptor antagonism in the dlPAG caused anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze. Methods In the present study we verified if the NMDA/NO pathway in the dlPAG would also involve in the behavioral suppression observed in rats submitted to the Vogel conflict test. In addition, the involvement of this pathway was investigated by using a selective nNOS inhibitor, Nω-propyl-L-arginine (N-Propyl, 0.08 nmol/200 nL), a NO scavenger, carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO, 2 nmol/200 nL) and a specific NMDA receptor antagonist, LY235959 (4 nmol/200 nL). Results Intra-dlPAG microinjection of these drugs increased the number of punished licks without changing the number of unpunished licks or nociceptive threshold, as measure by the tail flick test. Conclusion The results indicate that activation of NMDA receptors and increased production of NO in the dlPAG are involved in the anxiety behavior displayed by rats in the VCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lm Tonetto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049900, Brazil.
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Marques SA, Garcez VF, Del Bel EA, Martinez AMB. A simple, inexpensive and easily reproducible model of spinal cord injury in mice: Morphological and functional assessment. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 177:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Canto FRT, Garcia SB, Issa JPM, Marin A, Del Bel EA, Defino HLA. Influence of decortication of the recipient graft bed on graft integration and tissue neoformation in the graft-recipient bed interface. Eur Spine J 2008; 17:706-14. [PMID: 18301928 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of decortication of the posterior elements of the vertebra (recipient bed) and the nature of the bone graft (cortical or cancellous bone) on graft integration and bone, cartilage and fiber neoformation in the interface between the vertebral recipient bed and the bone graft. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups according to the presence or absence of decortication of the posterior vertebral elements and the use of a cortical or cancellous bone graft. Group I--the posterior elements were decorticated and cancellous bone used. Group II--the posterior elements were decorticated and cortical graft was used. Group III--the posterior elements were not decorticated and cancellous graft was used. Group IV--the posterior elements were not decorticated and cortical graft was used. The animals were killed 3, 6 and 9 weeks after surgery and the interface between the posterior elements and the bone graft was subjected to histomorphometric evaluation. Mean percent neoformed bone was 40.8% in group I (decortication and cancellous graft), 39.13% in group II (decortication and cortical graft), 6.13% in group III (non-decorticated and cancellous graft), and 9.27% in group IV (non-decorticated and cortical graft) for animals killed at 3 weeks (P = 0.0005). For animals killed at 6 weeks, the mean percent was 38.53% for group I, 40.40% for group II, 10.27% for group III, and 7.6% for group IV (P = 0.0005), and for animals killed at 9 weeks, the mean was 25.93% for group I, 30.6% for group II, 16.4% for group III, and 18.73% for group IV (P = 0.0026). The mean percent neoformed cartilage tissue was 8.36% for group I, 7.46% for group II, 11.1% for group III, and 9.13% for group IV for the animals killed at 3 weeks (P = 0.6544); 6.6% for group I, 8.07% for group, 7.47% for group III and 6.13% for group IV (P = 0.4889) for animals killed at 6 weeks, and 3.13% for group I, 4.06% for group II, 10.53% for group III and 12.07% for group IV (P = 0.0006) for animals killed at 9 weeks. Mean percent neoformed fibrous tissue was 11% for group I, 6.13% for group II, 26.27% for group III and 21.87% for group IV for animals killed at 3 weeks (P = 0.0008); 7.67% for group I, 7.1% for group II, 9.8% for group III and 10.4% for group IV (P = 0.7880) for animals killed at 6 weeks, and 3.73% for group I, 4.4% for group II, 6.67% for group III and 6.8% for group IV (P = 0.0214) for animals killed at 9 weeks. The statistically significant differences in percent tissue formation were related to decortication of the posterior elements. The use of a cortical or cancellous graft did not influence tissue neoformation. Ossification in the interface of the recipient graft bed was of the intramembranous type in the decorticated animals and endochondral type in the non-decorticated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano R T Canto
- Department of Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Medicine of the Locomotor Apparatus, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira MTMD, Macedo LDD, Del Bel EA, Watanabe P, Albuquerque Jr. RFD. Avaliação da densitometria óssea de tecido ósseo neoformado após distração osteogênica mandibular. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-54192006000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: avaliar radiograficamente a qualidade óssea no local da distração osteogênica. METODOLOGIA: vinte ratos foram divididos em 2 grupos: Distração Osteogênica (DO) e Controle (C). Os animais do grupo DO foram submetidos à osteotomia da mandíbula, fixação de um aparelho distrator e aplicação de força de distração osteogênica. Os animais do grupo C serviram como controle para a avaliação do tecido ósseo produzido pela técnica da distração osteogênica. As mandíbulas desses animais foram segmentadas transversalmente, tiveram seus segmentos separados em 2,5mm de forma aguda no ato cirúrgico e fixados nessa posição. Nos 2 grupos, os animais foram sacrificados com 2 e 6 semanas após o término da DO (5 animais em cada período). As mandíbulas foram radiografadas simultaneamente, sobre o mesmo filme radiográfico. As imagens obtidas foram digitalizadas e submetidas à análise de densitometria óssea. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: os grupos DO e C não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas na neoformação óssea nos períodos analisados. As mandíbulas dos dois grupos apresentaram consolidação incompleta na segunda semana e consolidação completa 6 semanas após a distração osteogênica e estabilização. As diferenças encontradas entre esses dois períodos foram significativas apenas para o grupo DO.
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Del Bel EA, da Silva CA, Guimarães FS, Bermúdez-Echeverry M. Catalepsy induced by intra-striatal administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 485:175-81. [PMID: 14757138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic administration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors induces catalepsy in a dose-dependent manner in male Albino-Swiss mice. The objective of the present work was to investigate if similar effects occur in rats and if these effects are centrally mediated. The results showed that systemic administration of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 40-160 mg/kg, i.p.), a non-selective NOS inhibitor, induced catalepsy in rats. Similar effects were found after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of L-NOARG (50-200 nmol) or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 100-200 nmol). The dose-response curve of the former compound, however, had an inverted U shape. The effect of L-NOARG (100 nmol, i.c.v.) was completely prevented by pre-treatment with L-arginine (300 nmol, i.c.v.) but not by D-arginine (300 nmol, i.c.v.). Intra-striatal injection of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 100 nmol), 7-nitroindazole (7-NIO, 100 nmol), L-NOARG (25-100 nmol) or L-NAME (50-200 nmol) also induced catalepsy. Similar to i.c.v. administration, the latter two compounds produced bell-shaped dose-response curves. The cataleptic effect of intra-striatal administration of L-NAME (100 nmol) was reversed by local treatment with L-arginine (100 nmol). These results suggest that interference with the striatal formation of nitric oxide may induce significant motor effects in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Del Bel
- Department MEF-Physiology, School of Odontology, FORP, Campus USP, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil.
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Carnio EC, Rettori V, Del Bel EA, McCann SM, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Hypertension induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition activates the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 117:117-22. [PMID: 14700747 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration and content in some brain structures [neurohypophysis (NH), adenohypophysis (AH), medial basal hypothalamus (MHB) and olfactory bulb (OB)] in rats before and after blood volume expansion (BVE). Male Wistar rats were injected i.p. with N(pi)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), 25 mg/kg of body weight, 40 min before the experiment (acute treatment) or L-NNA at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, twice a day, for 4 days (chronic treatment). The acute treatment caused an increase in the blood pressure and plasma ANP concentration in rats under basal conditions and after BVE. A decrease in ANP content was observed in the OB and NH, whereas no significant changes were found in the AH or MBH. In chronically treated rats, we also found an increase in blood pressure and in plasma ANP concentration under basal conditions and after BVE. The ANP content increased in the OB, NH and AH. These results indicate that systemic NO synthase inhibition increases ANP concentration in plasma and in areas of the central nervous system. We hypothesize that ANP participates in the hypertension-induced by NO synthesis blockade acting by baroreceptors input to the brain to stimulate ANP release and synthesis that reduces NO prival hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin C Carnio
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Villarreal CF, Del Bel EA, Prado WA. Involvement of the anterior pretectal nucleus in the control of persistent pain: a behavioral and c-Fos expression study in the rat. Pain 2003; 103:163-74. [PMID: 12749971 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The anterior pretectal nucleus (APtN) participates in nociceptive processing and in the activation of central descending mechanisms of pain control. In this study we used behavioral tests (incisional pain and carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain) and c-Fos expression changes to examine the involvement of the APtN in the control of persistent pain in rats. A 1cm longitudinal incision through the skin and fascia of the plantar region (large incision), or a 0.5cm longitudinal incision through the skin only (small incision) was used, and the postoperative incisional allodynia was evaluated with von Frey filaments. The hyperalgesia produced by the intraplantar administration of carrageenan (25 or 50 microg/100 microl) into a hind paw was evaluated by a modified paw pressure test. The electrolytic lesion of the contralateral, but not ipsilateral, APtN significantly intensified the allodynia produced by a large incision of the hind paw. The incisional allodynia and the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia were intensified by the microinjection of 2% lidocaine into the contralateral, but not ipsilateral APtN, the effect being significantly stronger when a large incision or a higher carrageenan concentration was utilized. A significant increase in the number of c-Fos positive cells was found in the ipsilateral, and mainly in the contralateral APtN of rats submitted to a large incision. The number of positive cells in the superficial or deep laminae of the contralateral spinal cord of control and incised rats was not significantly different. Positive cells in the superficial or deep laminae of the ipsilateral spinal cord were significantly more numerous than in control, the effect being significantly more intense in rats with large incision. The microinjection of 0.5% bupivacaine into the APtN contralateral to the incised hind paw reduced the number of positive cells bilaterally in the APtN, but the effect was significant in the contralateral nucleus only. The number of positive cells in the superficial and deep laminae of the contralateral spinal cord of incised and non-incised animals was not significantly changed by the neural block of the contralateral APtN. In the ipsilateral spinal cord, the incision-induced increase in the number of positive cells was significantly reduced in the superficial lamina and significantly increased in the deep lamina of animals previously treated with bupivacaine in the contralateral APtN. In conclusion, the integrity of the APtN is necessary to reduce the severity of the responses to persistent injury. The results also are in agreement with the current notion that persistent noxious inputs to the APtN tonically activate a descending mechanism that excites superficial cells and inhibits deep cells in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane F Villarreal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Echeverry MB, Guimarães FS, Oliveira MA, do Prado WA, Del Bel EA. Delayed stress-induced antinociceptive effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the dentate gyrus of rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002; 74:149-56. [PMID: 12376162 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the hippocampal formation can modulate nociceptive mechanisms, whereas painful stimuli can activate this structure. Stress exposure can produce plastic changes in the hippocampus. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important neuroregulatory agent present in the hippocampus. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of intrahippocampal administration of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), on nociceptive processes in stressed and nonstressed rats. Male Wistar rats (n=6-11/group) received unilateral microinjection of L-NAME (50-300 nmol/0.2 microl) into the dentate gyrus (DG) of the dorsal hippocampus. Immediately after the injection tail-flick reflex latency was measured. Stressed animals were submitted to 2 h of restraint and tested immediately or 1, 2, 5 or 10 days later. L-NAME failed to modify nociception in nonstressed rats. However, 5 days after, restraint L-NAME, at all doses tested, produced an antinociceptive effect (ANOVA, P<.05). The dose-response curve had an inverted U shape. L-NAME antinociceptive effect was antagonized by previous treatment with L-arginine (150 nmol/0.2 microl, P<.05). The results suggest that the modulation of nociceptive processes by NO in the dorsal hippocampus is dependent on previous stress exposure and on poststress interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela B Echeverry
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Campus USP, SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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