1
|
Cohen HML, Horne SJ, Campbell E, Bowley DM, Mountain A. Delivering high-quality military healthcare: 'no need for fancy subspecialties'. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002662. [PMID: 38290746 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S-J Horne
- Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, UK
| | | | - A Mountain
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Campbell E, McLaren O, Sheldon A, Rock B, Bracey TS, Malik T, Reddy VM. A two-centre experience of tonsil biopsies in the investigation of patients with tonsillar asymmetry. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:41-44. [PMID: 36688848 PMCID: PMC10757879 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aim to evaluate our experience of tonsil biopsies in the investigation of patients presenting with asymmetrical tonsils. METHODS A two-centre retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent histology sampling of the palatine tonsils between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 was completed. Data collected included patient demographics, method of obtaining tonsil tissue, histological diagnosis and need for repeat tissue sampling. A follow-up period of 36 months was allowed to establish whether any patients re-presented with missed diagnoses. RESULTS In total, 937 patients were included for analysis: 375 (40.0%) had a biopsy, of which 191 (50.9%) were performed in clinic. The mean duration from initial appointment with the ear, nose and throat clinic to tissue sample collection was 17.6 days (range 0-327 days) for all biopsies, reducing to 0.2 days (range 0-17 days) for biopsies performed in clinic. This was significantly shorter than for tonsillectomies (mean 38.9 days, range 0-444 days; p<0.05). Of the patients who underwent tonsil biopsy, six (1.6%) had malignancy that was not unequivocally diagnosed on initial biopsy. In all six patients, prior clinical suspicion was high, and repeat tissue sampling was undertaken on receipt of negative histology results. CONCLUSIONS Tonsil biopsy is a viable alternative to tonsillectomy for histology in the assessment of tonsil asymmetry. Tonsil biopsy in the outpatient setting has reduced surgical morbidity, significantly less delay in diagnosis, less inconvenience for patients and lower healthcare costs compared with formal tonsillectomy. Although tonsil biopsies should not be used in isolation, they can be useful in the investigation of patients presenting with tonsillar asymmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - O McLaren
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Sheldon
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Rock
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - TS Bracey
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, UK
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - T Malik
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - VM Reddy
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gorman BG, Campbell E, Mullen BL, Deo N, Ahn J, Carley S, Castro MR, Todd A, Vidal NY. Association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and melanoma: a retrospective matched cohort study. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2721-2724. [PMID: 37477680 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
An inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to increase risk for malignant melanoma, suggesting that melanoma may be related to a pro-inflammatory state. Though Hashimoto's thyroiditis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, there are no investigations of its relationship with melanoma. We aim to determine if Hashimoto's increases risk of developing melanoma. A retrospective, validated cohort of patients with a diagnosis of Hashimoto's between 2005 and 2020 were identified using the Olmsted County database. Patients were age and sex matched to controls without a Hashimoto's diagnosis. The primary outcomes were development of melanoma and time to first melanoma diagnosis. 4805 patients were included in the study, with 1726 (36%) having a diagnosis of Hashimoto's. Hashimoto's patients had no significant difference in risk of melanoma (relative risk 0.96, 95% CI 0.78-1.17) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (relative risk 0.95, 95% CI 0.86-1.06) compared with matched controls. This suggests that the local proinflammatory environment present in Hashimoto's does not contribute significantly to melanoma risk. Larger studies may be needed to further characterize the relationship between these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B G Gorman
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B L Mullen
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - N Deo
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - J Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Carley
- Sharp Rees-Stealy Dermatology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M R Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Todd
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N Y Vidal
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bankov G, Cearns MD, Amato-Watkins A, Campbell E. Spontaneous shunt independence in paediatric tumour-related hydrocephalus: case series and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:3179-3184. [PMID: 37233769 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydrocephalus is commonly associated with paediatric posterior fossa tumours and their resection. This is commonly managed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion, which is associated with a lifelong risk of malfunction, necessitating revisional surgery. Few opportunities ever arise for the patient to be free of the shunt and this risk. We describe three patients shunted for tumour-related hydrocephalus who subsequently developed spontaneous shunt independence. We discuss this in the context of the literature. METHODS A single-centre retrospective case series analysis was performed using a departmental database. Case notes were retrieved from a local electronic records database, and images were reviewed using national Picture Archiving and Communication Systems. RESULTS Over a 10-year period, 28 patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for tumour-related hydrocephalus. Of these, 3 patients (10.7%) went on to have their shunts successfully removed. Age at presentation varied from 1 to 16 years. In all cases, the patient required shunt externalization due to shunt or intra-abdominal infection. This was used as an opportunity to challenge the need for ongoing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. In one case, this occurred only several months after a shunt blockage with intracranial pressure monitoring that proved her shunt dependence. All three patients tolerated this challenge, their shunt systems were removed without complication, and they remain free of hydrocephalus at last follow-up. CONCLUSION These cases reflect our poor understanding of the heterogenous physiology of patients with shunted hydrocephalus and underline the importance of challenging the need for CSF diversion at any appropriate opportunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bankov
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - M D Cearns
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.
| | - A Amato-Watkins
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitchell EJ, Campbell E, Goodman K, Taylor J, Youssouf NFJ, Wakefield N. Time for a proper career pathway for clinical trial managers? Trials 2023; 24:565. [PMID: 37658456 PMCID: PMC10472544 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E J Mitchell
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, Applied Health Research Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - E Campbell
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, Applied Health Research Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - K Goodman
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0NA, UK
| | - J Taylor
- Bristol Trials Centre, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - N F J Youssouf
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - N Wakefield
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, Applied Health Research Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Deo N, Campbell E, Gorman BG, Mullen BM, Ahn J, Carley S, Castro MR, Todd A, Vidal NY. Incidence of Melanoma is Not Elevated in Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study. JAAD Int 2023; 11:222-223. [PMID: 37152216 PMCID: PMC10154956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
|
7
|
Campbell E, Huston M, Collard B. The Changing Face of Head and Neck Cancer; How the Head and Neck One-Stop Clinic Has Evolved Since Conception. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2022; 21:1074-1077. [PMID: 36896088 PMCID: PMC9989097 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the patient journey through the head and neck clinic across 13 years of service improvement. We aimed to compare pick-up rates of cancer; number of patients receiving tissue diagnoses at first visit; and number of patients who were discharged on their first visit. Methods In the one-stop head and neck cancer clinic, the demographic data, investigations and outcomes for 277 patients who attended in 2004 were compared to those of 205 patients who attended in 2017. The number of patients receiving ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology was compared. Patient outcomes were analysed: specifically, the number discharged on first visit and the number of malignancies diagnosed. Results The pick-up rate for malignancy from 2004 to 2017 has remained stable (17.3% vs 17.1%). The number of patients receiving ultrasound has remained stable from 264 (95%) in 2004 to 191 (93%) in 2017. The number undergoing FNA has decreased from 139 (50%) to 68 (33%) (p < 0.01). The number of patient's discharged on the first visit has significantly increased from 82 (30%) in 2004 to 89 (43%) in 2017 (p < 0.01). Conclusion The one-stop clinic provides an effective and efficient means of head and neck lump assessment. Since inception of this service, the accuracy of diagnostic investigation has improved over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Campbell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Derriford Rd, Plymouth, PL6 8DH UK
| | - Mervyn Huston
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW Devon UK
| | - Benjamin Collard
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Derriford Rd, Plymouth, PL6 8DH UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Turpin C, Barbeau K, Ben Massaoud H, Lafrenière A, Campbell E, De Koninck J. Testing predictions of the emotional and stress regulation theories of dream function. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Arendts G, Chenoweth L, Hayes BJ, Campbell E, Agar M, Etherton-Beer C, Spilsbury K, Howard K, Braitberg G, Cubitt M, Sheehan C, Magann L, Sudharshan T, Schnitker LM, Pearce J, Gilmore I, Cerra N, duPreez J, Jaworski R, Soh SC, Celenza A. CELPI: trial protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a Carer End of Life Planning Intervention in people dying with dementia. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:869. [PMID: 36384478 PMCID: PMC9670369 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is a leading cause of death in developed nations. Despite an often distressing and symptom laden end of life, there are systematic barriers to accessing palliative care in older people dying of dementia. Evidence exists that 70% of people living with severe dementia attend an emergency department (ED) in their last year of life. The aim of this trial is to test whether a Carer End of Life Planning Intervention (CELPI), co-designed by consumers, clinicians and content specialists, improves access to end of life care for older people with severe dementia, using an ED visit as a catalyst for recognising unmet needs and specialist palliative care referral where indicated. Methods A randomised controlled trial (RCT) enrolling at six EDs across three states in Australia will be conducted, enrolling four hundred and forty dyads comprising a person with severe dementia aged ≥ 65 years, and their primary carer. Participants will be randomly allocated to CELPI or the control group. CELPI incorporates a structured carer needs assessment and referral to specialist palliative care services where indicated by patient symptom burden and needs assessment. The primary outcome measure is death of the person with dementia in the carer-nominated preferred location. Secondary outcomes include carer reported quality of life of the person dying of dementia, hospital bed day occupancy in the last 12 months of life, and carer stress. An economic evaluation from the perspective of a health funder will be conducted. Discussion CELPI seeks to support carers and provide optimal end of life care for the person dying of dementia. This trial will provide high level evidence as to the clinical and cost effectiveness of this intervention. Trial registration ACTRN12622000611729 registered 22/04/2022. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03534-1.
Collapse
|
10
|
MokGatla O, Haupfear I, Cafferty J, Campbell E, Lavan AH. 284 DO MEDICATIONS GET OPTIMISED DURING AN ACUTE ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL? Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (PIPs) and Potential Prescribing Omissions (PPOs) are common in hospitalised older adults and associated with poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether PIPs and PPOs are reduced during an acute hospital admission.
Methods
All inpatients on 5 gerontological wards (1 acute, 1 subacute, 2 rehabilitation, 1 long-stay) on October 31st 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Medication appropriateness was assessed by two assessors at admission and discharge using STOPP/START version 2. Records were consecutively reviewed according to discharge date. Ethical approval was received from the local research and innovation office (ref6275)
Results
Of 144 eligible patients, 41 were included; mean age 82.1 (SD6.8) years; 48.8% female, 95.1% under the care of geriatricians. The median length of stay was 24 (IQR10-67.5) days. Mean number of conditions was 5.6 (SD2.9) with dementia present in 22.5%. The mean number of medications increased during admission from 7.2 (SD3.2) to 9 (SD3.1); p=0.006
The number of patients prescribed at least 1 STOPP-PIP reduced by 20.6%; 82.9% (admission) vs 65.9% (discharge), p<0.001. The most common PIPs at were (i) drugs without a clear indication, 34.1% (admission) vs 14.6% (discharge), (ii) high dose proton pump inhibitors, 34.1% (admission) vs 34.1% (discharge) and (iii) Z-drugs in fallers; 17.1% (admission) vs 12.2% (discharge). Of 41 patients, 35 could have START criteria applied. START PPOs were reduced by 53%; 47.2% (admission) vs 22.2% (discharge), p=0.001. The largest improvement was seen in bone absorptive therapy (11.4% (admission) vs 2.9% (discharge) and vitamin d in those experiencing falls/osteopenia; 5.57% (admission) vs 2.9% (discharge). Of the 134 STOPP/START criteria listed, 36 (19.4%) were identified in this cohort.
Conclusion
Although the average number of medications increased, PIPs reduced significantly. Only 19.4% of STOPP/START criteria were identified, suggesting that focusing on a number of key PIPs going forward could improve prescribing practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O MokGatla
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Haupfear
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Cafferty
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - AH Lavan
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital , Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin Department of Medical Gerontology, , Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nolan GS, Dunne JA, Lee AE, Wade RG, Kiely AL, Pritchard Jones RO, Gardiner MD, Abbassi O, Abdelaty M, Ahmed F, Ahmed R, Ali S, Allan A, Allen L, Anderson I, Bakir A, Berwick D, Sarala BBN, Bhat W, Bloom O, Bolton L, Brady N, Campbell E, Capitelli-McMahon H, Cassell O, Chalhoub X, Chalmers R, Chan J, Chu HO, Collin T, Cooper K, Curran TA, Cussons D, Daruwalla M, Dearden A, Delikonstantinou I, Dobbs T, Dunlop R, El-Muttardi N, Eleftheriadou A, Elamin SE, Eriksson S, Exton R, Fourie LR, Freethy A, Gardner E, Geh JL, Georgiou A, Georgiou M, Gilbert P, Gkorila A, Green D, Haeney J, Hamilton S, Harper F, Harrison C, Heinze Z, Hemington-Gorse S, Hever P, Hili S, Holmes W, Hughes W, Ibrahim N, Ismail A, Jallali N, James NK, Jemec B, Jica R, Kaur A, Kazzazi D, Khan M, Khan N, Khashaba H, Khera B, Khoury A, Kiely J, Kumar S, Patel PK, Kumbasar DE, Kundasamy P, Kyle D, Langridge B, Liu C, Lo M, Macdonald C, Anandan SM, Mahdi M, Mandal A, Manning A, Markeson D, Matteucci P, McClymont L, Mikhail M, Miller MC, Munro S, Musajee A, Nasrallah F, Ng L, Nicholas R, Nicola A, Nikkhah D, O'Hara N, Odili J, Oudit D, Patel A, Patel C, Patel N, Patel P, Peach H, Phillips B, Pinder R, Pinto-Lopes R, Plonczak A, Quinnen N, Rafiq S, Rahman K, Ramjeeawon A, Rinkoff S, Sainsbury D, Schumacher K, Segaren N, Shahzad F, Shariff Z, Siddiqui A, Singh P, Sludden E, Smith JRO, Song M, Stodell M, Tanos G, Taylor K, Taylor L, Thomson D, Tiernan E, Totty JP, Vaingankar N, Toh V, Wensley K, Whitehead C, Whittam A, Wiener M, Wilson A, Wong KY, Wood S, Yeoh T, Yii NW, Yim G, Young R, Zberea D, Jain A. National audit of non-melanoma skin cancer excisions performed by plastic surgery in the UK. Br J Surg 2022; 109:1040-1043. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A national, multi-centre audit of non-melanoma skin cancer excisions by plastic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Nolan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Fulwood, Preston , UK
| | - Jonathan A Dunne
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Charing Cross and St Mary’s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK
| | - Alice E Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Charing Cross and St Mary’s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK
| | - Ryckie G Wade
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , UK
| | - Ailbhe L Kiely
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Fulwood, Preston , UK
| | - Rowan O Pritchard Jones
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Whiston Hospital, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Prescot , UK
| | - Matthew D Gardiner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Wexham , Slough , UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abhilash Jain
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Charing Cross and St Mary’s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McCarthy C, Finan P, Garrett M, Campbell E, Walker E, Beaumont E, Cade I, Mooney L, Kendrew J, Schwarz D, Schuster V, Domingo A, Holliday N, Patel V, Garcia Raposo F, Gorman T, Aillard B, Hewison S, Ehlert J, Lauterwasser J. Discovery and functional characterization of potent, balanced AXL/ MER inhibitors using a novel MER X-Ray crystal structure. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
13
|
Ngoi N, Lin H, Ileana Dumbrava E, Fu S, Karp D, Naing A, Pant S, Rodon J, Piha-Paul S, Subbiah V, Tsimberidou A, Campbell E, Urrutia S, Hong D, Meric-Bernstam F, Yuan Y, Yap T. 485P Correlation of clinical, genomic and hematological parameters with ATR inhibitor (ATRi) outcomes in phase I/II clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
14
|
Campbell E, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Aliaga-Rossel E, Beasley I, Briceño Y, Caballero S, da Silva VMF, Gilleman C, Gravena W, Hines E, Shahnawaz Khan M, Khan U, Kreb D, Mangel JC, Marmontel M, Mei Z, Mintzer VJ, Mosquera-Guerra F, Oliveira-da_Costa MO, Paschoalini Frias M, Paudel S, Sinha RK, Smith BD, Turvey ST, Utreras V, Van Damme PA, Wang D, Sayuri Whitty T, Thurstan RH, Godley BJ. Challenges and priorities for river cetacean conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
15
|
Schofield M, Rodriguez D, Cassin E, Kidman A, Michaels L, Jorth P, Campbell E, Tseng B. 442: The anti-sigma factor MucA is required for viability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Payne A, Campbell E, Welman T, Pahal G, Myers S. 598 Burns Management at A UK Major Trauma Centre During The COVID-19 Lockdown. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524511 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim The COVID-19 pandemic forced huge changes in healthcare delivery in the UK within a matter of weeks. We report our experience of managing burns presenting to a UK Major Trauma Centre during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Method Retrospective patient data was collected on aetiology, severity and management of burns during the first six weeks of the government-enforced lockdown. Data was compared with patients presenting with burns during the same period in 2019 (control) and statistical analysis was performed. Results Fifteen patients were treated during the COVID-19 lockdown and fourteen in the control group. Adults treated during the COVID-19 lockdown had a greater total body surface area (TBSA) (9% vs. 2.9%, p 0.035) and were more likely to suffer full thickness burns (40% vs. 0%). In the COVID-19 group all patients that did not require resuscitation, seven of whom met criteria for referral to burns services, were managed locally by the plastic surgery department with good outcomes. Conclusions Despite the increase in severity of adult burns seen during the COVID-19 lockdown period, local plastic surgery units have been able to adapt their practice and successfully manage more complex burns. This adaptability will be key as we move through the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payne
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Campbell
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Welman
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Pahal
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Myers
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mosquera-Guerra F, Trujillo F, Oliveira-da-Costa M, Marmontel M, Van Damme PA, Franco N, Córdova L, Campbell E, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Mena JL, Mangel JC, Oviedo JSU, Carvajal-Castro JD, Mantilla-Meluk H, Armenteras-Pascual D. Home range and movements of Amazon river dolphins Inia geoffrensis in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the variables that describe the spatial ecology of threatened species allows us to identify and prioritize areas that are critical for species conservation. To estimate the home range and core area of the Endangered (EN) Amazon river dolphin Inia geoffrensis, 23 individuals (6♀, 17♂) were tagged during the rising water period in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins between 2017 and 2018. The satellite tracking period ranged from 24 to 336 d (mean ± SE = 107 ± 15.7 d), and river dolphin movements ranged from 7.5 to 298 km (58 ± 13.4 km). Kernel density estimates were used to determine minimum home ranges at 95% (K95 = 6.2 to 233.9 km2; mean = 59 ± 13.5 km2) and core areas at 50% (K50 = 0.6 to 54.9 km2; mean = 9 ± 2.6 km2). Protected areas accounted for 45% of the K50 estimated core area. We observed dolphin individuals crossing country borders between Colombia and Peru in the Amazon basin, and between Colombia and Venezuela in the Orinoco basin. Satellite tracking allowed us to determine the different uses of riverine habitat types: main rivers (channels and bays, 52% of recorded locations), confluences (32%), lagoons (9.6%), and tributaries (6.2%). Satellite monitoring allowed us to better understand the ecological preferences of the species and demonstrated the importance of maintaining aquatic landscape heterogeneity and spatial connectivity for effective river dolphin conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Mosquera-Guerra
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - F Trujillo
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - M Oliveira-da-Costa
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Brazil, Colombia, and Peru, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - M Marmontel
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, 69.553-225 Tefé (AM), Brazil
| | | | - N Franco
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - L Córdova
- Faunagua, 31001 Sacaba-Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - E Campbell
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - J Alfaro-Shigueto
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - JL Mena
- Museo de Historia Natural Vera Alleman Haeghebaert, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 1801 Lima, Peru
| | - JC Mangel
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - JSU Oviedo
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Brazil, Colombia, and Peru, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - JD Carvajal-Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, 11366 Queens, NY, USA
| | - H Mantilla-Meluk
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo y Estudio del Recurso Hídrico y el Ambiente (CIDERA), Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
- Centro de Estudios de Alta Montaña, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
| | - D Armenteras-Pascual
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McCluskey G, Kinney MO, Russell A, Smithson WH, Parsons L, Morrison PJ, Bromley R, MacKillop L, Heath C, Liggan B, Murphy S, Delanty N, Irwin B, Campbell E, Morrow J, Hunt SJ, Craig JJ. Zonisamide safety in pregnancy: Data from the UK and Ireland epilepsy and pregnancy register. Seizure 2021; 91:311-315. [PMID: 34273670 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal data suggest teratogenic effects with zonisamide use and risk of pregnancy losses. Human data following zonisamide exposure are presently limited, but suggest low risk of malformation with elevated risk of low birth weight. OBJECTIVE To calculate the major congenital malformation (MCM) rate of zonisamide in human pregnancy and assess for a signal of any specific malformation pattern and associations with birth weight. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data were obtained from the UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy register (UKIEPR) which is an observational, registration, and follow up study from December 1996 to July 2020. Eligibility criteria were use of zonisamide and to have been referred to the UKIEPR before the outcome of the pregnancy was known. Primary outcome was evidence of MCM. RESULTS From December 1996 through July 2020 there were 112 cases of first trimester exposure to zonisamide, including 26 monotherapy cases. There were 3 MCM for monotherapy cases (MCM rate 13.0% (95% confidence interval 4.5-32.1)), and 5 MCM for polytherapy cases (MCM rate 6.9% (95% confidence interval 3.0-15.2)). While the median birth weight was on 71st and 44th centile for monotherapy and polytherapy cases respectively, there was a high rate of infants born small for gestational age (21% for both). CONCLUSION These data raise concerns about a signal for potential teratogenicity with zonisamide in human pregnancy. Given the low numbers reported, further data will be required to adequately counsel women who use zonisamide in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - M O Kinney
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - A Russell
- Scottish Epilepsy Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W H Smithson
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Parsons
- Neurology Department, Luton & Dunstable Hospitals NHS Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - P J Morrison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - R Bromley
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L MacKillop
- Women's Centre. Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Heath
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Liggan
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Delanty
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, and FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - J Morrow
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - S J Hunt
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - J J Craig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nelms SE, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Arnould JPY, Avila IC, Bengtson Nash S, Campbell E, Carter MID, Collins T, Currey RJC, Domit C, Franco-Trecu V, Fuentes MMPB, Gilman E, Harcourt RG, Hines EM, Hoelzel AR, Hooker SK, Johnston DW, Kelkar N, Kiszka JJ, Laidre KL, Mangel JC, Marsh H, Maxwell SM, Onoufriou AB, Palacios DM, Pierce GJ, Ponnampalam LS, Porter LJ, Russell DJF, Stockin KA, Sutaria D, Wambiji N, Weir CR, Wilson B, Godley BJ. Marine mammal conservation: over the horizon. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals can play important ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems, and their presence can be key to community structure and function. Consequently, marine mammals are often considered indicators of ecosystem health and flagship species. Yet, historical population declines caused by exploitation, and additional current threats, such as climate change, fisheries bycatch, pollution and maritime development, continue to impact many marine mammal species, and at least 25% are classified as threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) on the IUCN Red List. Conversely, some species have experienced population increases/recoveries in recent decades, reflecting management interventions, and are heralded as conservation successes. To continue these successes and reverse the downward trajectories of at-risk species, it is necessary to evaluate the threats faced by marine mammals and the conservation mechanisms available to address them. Additionally, there is a need to identify evidence-based priorities of both research and conservation needs across a range of settings and taxa. To that effect we: (1) outline the key threats to marine mammals and their impacts, identify the associated knowledge gaps and recommend actions needed; (2) discuss the merits and downfalls of established and emerging conservation mechanisms; (3) outline the application of research and monitoring techniques; and (4) highlight particular taxa/populations that are in urgent need of focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SE Nelms
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - J Alfaro-Shigueto
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780e, Miraflores, Perú
- Facultad de Biologia Marina, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - JPY Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - IC Avila
- Grupo de Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - S Bengtson Nash
- Environmental Futures Research Institute (EFRI), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - E Campbell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780e, Miraflores, Perú
| | - MID Carter
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - T Collins
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - RJC Currey
- Marine Stewardship Council, 1 Snow Hill, London, EC1A 2DH, UK
| | - C Domit
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Marine Study Center, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - V Franco-Trecu
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - MMPB Fuentes
- Marine Turtle Research, Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - E Gilman
- Pelagic Ecosystems Research Group, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - RG Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - EM Hines
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Dr. Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - AR Hoelzel
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - SK Hooker
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - DW Johnston
- Duke Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - N Kelkar
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - JJ Kiszka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - KL Laidre
- Polar Science Center, APL, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - JC Mangel
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780e, Miraflores, Perú
| | - H Marsh
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 48111, Australia
| | - SM Maxwell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell WA 98011, USA
| | - AB Onoufriou
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
- Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - DM Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - GJ Pierce
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - LS Ponnampalam
- The MareCet Research Organization, 40460 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - LJ Porter
- SMRU Hong Kong, University of St. Andrews, Hong Kong
| | - DJF Russell
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - KA Stockin
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D Sutaria
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell WA 98011, USA
| | - N Wambiji
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa-80100, Kenya
| | - CR Weir
- Ketos Ecology, 4 Compton Road, Kingsbridge, Devon, TQ7 2BP, UK
| | - B Wilson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - BJ Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marshall-McKenna R, Campbell E, Ho F, Banger M, Rowe P, McAlpine C, McArthur K, Quinn TJ, Gray SR. 36 Feasibility of Resistance Exercise to Failure at Different Loads in Frail and Healthy Older Adults? Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab029.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Resistance training (RT) is the most effective way to increase muscle mass and function in older adults both with/without sarcopenia/frailty. In younger adults, when RT is performed to muscle failure the load lifted does not mediate the magnitude of response, but there are no studies in older adults. We aimed to determine the feasibility of recruitment to a RT intervention working to muscle failure at different loads in frail and healthy older adults.
Methods
We performed an 8-week randomised feasibility trial of lower limb RT to volitional muscular failure, at high and low load. Participants were recruited via hospital outpatient clinics and newspaper advertisements. Outcomes included: frailty assessment (Fried criteria); muscle strength (maximum voluntary contraction/one-repetition maximum); functional abilities (Short Physical Performance Battery); safety/adverse events were recorded via a log, and patient experiences from focus groups.
Results
110 people were assessed for eligibility, and 58 randomised (frail n = 6, prefrail n = 20, robust n = 32) to either high (n = 30) or low load (n = 28) groups. Mean age of participants was 72 years (range 65–93), 36 were female, 22 male. Session attendance was 95% (high load) and 90.4% (low load). Most participants were recruited via advertisements. All participants reported feeling safe and reassured in the RT sessions. Two participants had a serious adverse event, one related to RT (hypotension) and several had adverse events (three intervention-related). Pain was reported at both loads (high n = 9, low n = 8) yet all completed. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in effects of RT outcome variables between low and high load groups.
Conclusion
In this feasibility trial the recruitment of frail patients via clinics was limited. Performing supervised RT to muscle failure in older adults was safe/acceptable and the load at which RT was performed did not influence its efficacy. Future research into the effectiveness of such RT is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Campbell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow
| | - F Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow
| | - M Banger
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde
| | - P Rowe
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde
| | - C McAlpine
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | - K McArthur
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | - T J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | - S R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Campbell E, Zahoor U, Payne A, Popova D, Welman T, Pahal G, Sadigh P. The COVID-19 Pandemic: The effect on open lower limb fractures in a London major trauma centre - a plastic surgery perspective. Injury 2021; 52:402-406. [PMID: 33341244 PMCID: PMC7836854 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has created huge pressures on healthcare systems. The ongoing provision of major trauma services during this time has proved challenging. We report our experience of managing open lower limb fractures (oLLFs) during the pandemic in a London major trauma centre (MTC). METHODS This was a prospective study of all open lower limb fractures presenting to our unit over the initial 48 days of UK government lockdown - 24th March till 10th May 2020. Results were compared to the same time period in 2019 retrospectively. Epidemiological data, mechanism, Gustilo-Anderson (G-A) severity grading, time to initial debridement and definitive coverage were analysed. RESULTS There was a 64% reduction in emergency department (ED) attendances (25,264 vs 9042). There was an 18% reduction in oLLFs (22 vs 18). Approximately three-quarters of injuries were in males across both cohorts (77% vs 78%) and tended to occur in younger patients (median age, 37 vs 35). Road-traffic-accidents (RTAs) were the most common injury mechanism in both 2019 and lockdown, but a rise in jumpers from height was seen in the latter. A similar pattern of G-A severities were seen, however only 3 injuries during lockdown required major soft tissue reconstruction. There was no significant difference in times taken for initial debridement (p = 0.72786) or definitive wound coverage (p = 0.16152). A greater proportion of independent operating was seen during lockdown between orthopaedics and plastic surgery. CONCLUSIONS Despite government lockdown measures, oLLFs still placed significant burden on our MTC. Notwithstanding significant staffing alterations and theatre pressures, we have been able to ensure these lower limb emergencies remain a surgical priority and have managed to utilise resources appropriately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Campbell
- Corresponding author at: Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust Whitechapel Road London E1 1BB
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish if day case superficial parotidectomy is feasible, safe and does not result in excess readmissions. METHOD A retrospective review was carried out of all patients listed for superficial parotidectomy with day case intent by a single surgeon between January 2016 and December 2019 inclusively. The reasons for failure of same day discharge were established. Postoperative complications and readmissions were recorded. Our approach for a superficial parotidectomy typically includes the use of a 10Fr suction drain which is removed at 4 h postoperatively if the output is less than 30 ml. RESULTS Ninety-one consecutive superficial parotidectomies listed for day case surgery were eligible for inclusion. Seventeen patients failed to be discharged on the same day and were admitted giving a day case success rate of 81%. Most of these (n = 9) occurred in the first year of adopting day case surgery. The most common reason to admit patients was a late finish (n = 8, 47%). Six patients (25%) were admitted due to anaesthetic complications. One patient had a surgical complication requiring admission. CONCLUSION Our series demonstrates that day case superficial parotidectomy using a surgical drain is feasible, safe and does not result in an unacceptable readmission rate. In our experience, surgical complications are an uncommon cause for day case failure. The most common cause for day case failure was a late finish. Postoperative complications including bleeding, seroma/salivary collection and facial nerve palsy were in keeping with or better than those quoted in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Edmond
- Poole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longfleet Road, Poole, Dorset, BH15 2JB, UK. .,ENT Department, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, TR1 3LJ, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Elaine Campbell
- ENT Department, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, TR1 3LJ, Cornwall, UK
| | - Venkat Reddy
- ENT Department, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, TR1 3LJ, Cornwall, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Campbell E, Pillai S, Vamadeva SV, Pahal GS. Hand tendon injuries. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1-14. [PMID: 33263471 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of hand tendon injuries. It has been tailored towards healthcare professionals who will be the first to assess these injuries and instigate appropriate management. It discusses the essential hand anatomy to be aware of, how to assess tendon injuries, their initial management and also the definitive surgical interventions used, if required. Rehabilitation techniques are also discussed, as this is also key to good functional outcomes. Missed injuries, or delay in their diagnosis and referral to specialist hand surgeons, can cause a large amount of morbidity for patients and therefore it is important that they are picked up in a timely manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Pillai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - S V Vamadeva
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - G S Pahal
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pillai S, Campbell E, Mifsud A, Vamadeva SV, Pahal GS. Hand infections. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1-14. [PMID: 33263466 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hand is an extremely versatile organ adapted for fine tasks with various clinicoanatomical compartments. This article reviews the types of common hand infections that present to the emergency department and/or hand surgeon, with relevant investigations and strategies for diagnosis and treatment, with the emphasis on distinguishing between superficial and more serious infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Pillai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Mifsud
- Department of Microbiology, Whipps Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - S V Vamadeva
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - G S Pahal
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Campbell E, Hoffman AEJ, Bocus M, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Agote-Aran M, Gibson EK, Greenaway A, De Wispelaere K, Van Speybroeck V, Beale AM. Insight into the effects of confined hydrocarbon species on the lifetime of methanol conversion catalysts. Nat Mater 2020; 19:1081-1087. [PMID: 32929250 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction refers collectively to a series of important industrial catalytic processes to produce either olefins or gasoline. Mechanistically, methanol conversion proceeds through a 'pool' of hydrocarbon species. For the methanol-to-olefins process, these species can be delineated broadly into 'desired' lighter olefins and 'undesired' heavier fractions that cause deactivation in a matter of hours. The crux in further catalyst optimization is the ability to follow the formation of carbonaceous species during operation. Here, we report the combined results of an operando Kerr-gated Raman spectroscopic study with state-of-the-art operando molecular simulations, which allowed us to follow the formation of hydrocarbon species at various stages of methanol conversion. Polyenes are identified as crucial intermediates towards formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with their fate determined largely by the zeolite topology. Notably, we provide the missing link between active and deactivating species, which allows us to propose potential design rules for future-generation catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Lezcano-Gonzalez
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK.
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK.
| | - E Campbell
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - A E J Hoffman
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - M Bocus
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - I V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - M Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - M Agote-Aran
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - E K Gibson
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Greenaway
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - K De Wispelaere
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - V Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - A M Beale
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK.
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Campbell E, McLaren O. Unilateral nasal obstruction on a background of sarcoidosis: an unusual diagnosis. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/9/e238689. [PMID: 32943449 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver McLaren
- ENT, South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, Cornwall, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alhalabi O, Hahn A, Msaouel P, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A, Piha-Paul S, Janku F, Pant S, Yap T, Hong D, Fu S, Karp D, Campbell E, Campbell M, Shah A, Tannir N, Siefker-Radtke A, Gao J, Roszik J, Subbiah V. 779P Validation of prognostic scores in patients with metastatic bladder carcinoma (mBC) enrolled in early phase clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
29
|
Bird M, Ouellette C, Whitmore C, Li L, Nair K, McGillion MH, Yost J, Banfield L, Campbell E, Carroll SL. Preparing for patient partnership: A scoping review of patient partner engagement and evaluation in research. Health Expect 2020. [PMID: 32157777 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13040.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Realizing patient partnership in research requires a shift from patient participation in ancillary roles to engagement as contributing members of research teams. While engaging patient partners is often discussed, impact is rarely measured. OBJECTIVE Our primary aim was to conduct a scoping review of the impact of patient partnership on research outcomes. The secondary aim was to describe barriers and facilitators to realizing effective partnerships. SEARCH STRATEGY A comprehensive bibliographic search was undertaken in EBSCO CINAHL, and Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO via Ovid. Reference lists of included articles were hand-searched. INCLUSION CRITERIA Included studies were: (a) related to health care; (b) involved patients or proxies in the research process; and (c) reported results related to impact/evaluation of patient partnership on research outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted from 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria using a narrative synthesis approach. MAIN RESULTS Patient partners were involved in a range of research activities. Results highlight critical barriers and facilitators for researchers seeking to undertake patient partnerships to be aware of, such as power imbalances between patient partners and researchers, as well as valuing of patient partner roles. DISCUSSION Addressing power dynamics in patient partner-researcher relationships and mitigating risks to patient partners through inclusive recruitment and training strategies may contribute towards effective engagement. Further guidance is needed to address evaluation strategies for patient partnerships across the continuum of patient partner involvement in research. CONCLUSIONS Research teams can employ preparation strategies outlined in this review to support patient partnerships in their work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Bird
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carley Ouellette
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carly Whitmore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kalpana Nair
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael H McGillion
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yost
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra L Carroll
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bird M, Ouellette C, Whitmore C, Li L, Nair K, McGillion MH, Yost J, Banfield L, Campbell E, Carroll SL. Preparing for patient partnership: A scoping review of patient partner engagement and evaluation in research. Health Expect 2020; 23:523-539. [PMID: 32157777 PMCID: PMC7321722 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Realizing patient partnership in research requires a shift from patient participation in ancillary roles to engagement as contributing members of research teams. While engaging patient partners is often discussed, impact is rarely measured. Objective Our primary aim was to conduct a scoping review of the impact of patient partnership on research outcomes. The secondary aim was to describe barriers and facilitators to realizing effective partnerships. Search Strategy A comprehensive bibliographic search was undertaken in EBSCO CINAHL, and Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO via Ovid. Reference lists of included articles were hand‐searched. Inclusion Criteria Included studies were: (a) related to health care; (b) involved patients or proxies in the research process; and (c) reported results related to impact/evaluation of patient partnership on research outcomes. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted from 14 studies meeting inclusion criteria using a narrative synthesis approach. Main Results Patient partners were involved in a range of research activities. Results highlight critical barriers and facilitators for researchers seeking to undertake patient partnerships to be aware of, such as power imbalances between patient partners and researchers, as well as valuing of patient partner roles. Discussion Addressing power dynamics in patient partner‐researcher relationships and mitigating risks to patient partners through inclusive recruitment and training strategies may contribute towards effective engagement. Further guidance is needed to address evaluation strategies for patient partnerships across the continuum of patient partner involvement in research. Conclusions Research teams can employ preparation strategies outlined in this review to support patient partnerships in their work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Bird
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carley Ouellette
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carly Whitmore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kalpana Nair
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael H McGillion
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yost
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sandra L Carroll
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The theory of sensory compensation was examined in a recognition task with blind and sighted subjects. Free-form shapes were explored visually and tactually, with recognition trials conducted 48 hours later. Blind subjects recognized the shapes tactually as well as sighted subjects did visually, and better than normally sighted and partially sighted with tactual exploration. Blind subjects spend a significantly longer time exploring the objects in the recognition session, supporting the idea that compensation takes place through increased attention.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kommer M, Campbell E, Canty M. Prior endoscopic third ventriculostomy does not increase ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure rate. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1159-1163. [PMID: 31073683 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether prior endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) influences the failure rate of subsequently placed ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. METHODS Our institution's operative database and patient records were reviewed retrospectively to identify all paediatric patients who had undergone a first VP shunt or ETV at our institution between January 2012 and December 2015. Data was analysed using the Microsoft Excel, GraphPad Prism v7 and SPSS statistics. The literature on this topic to date was also reviewed. RESULTS Eighty-six children were included in the study: 61 patients had a primary VP shunt inserted during the study period and 25 had a VP shunt inserted following failed ETV. There was no significant difference in the underlying aetiology or age of the patients in each group. In the primary VP shunt group, 47.5% (29 patients) required shunt removal at an average of 274 days post-insertion (range 7 days to 3.4 years). The 1-year revision rate was 34.4%. In the shunt post-ETV group, 48% (12 patients) required shunt removal at an average of 207 days post-insertion (range 2 days to 2.7 years). The 1-year revision rate was 36%. The most common reason for revision in both groups was blockage. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant difference in failure rate or pattern between primarily inserted VP shunts and those inserted following an endoscopic third ventriculostomy. On the basis of this study and the small number of previously reported studies, we would advocate a trial of ETV where feasible to allow a chance at shunt independence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kommer
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G51 4TF, UK.
| | - E Campbell
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G51 4TF, UK
| | - M Canty
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G51 4TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Elgammal S, Campbell E, Tovey S, Henderson S, Kelly J, Coldeway J, Reid J. Introducing magnetic seed localisation for impalpable breast cancer; A pioneering Scottish experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
34
|
Campbell E, Hasan MT, Pho C, Callaghan K, Akkaraju GR, Naumov AV. Graphene Oxide as a Multifunctional Platform for Intracellular Delivery, Imaging, and Cancer Sensing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:416. [PMID: 30674914 PMCID: PMC6344482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), the most common derivative of graphene, is an exceptional nanomaterial that possesses multiple physical properties critical for biomedical applications. GO exhibits pH-dependent fluorescence emission in the visible/near-infrared, providing a possibility of molecular imaging and pH-sensing. It is also water soluble and has a substantial platform for functionalization, allowing for the delivery of multiple therapeutics. GO physical properties are modified to enhance cellular internalization, producing fluorescent nanoflakes with low (<15%) cytotoxicity at the imaging concentrations of 15 μg/mL. As a result, at lower flake sizes GO rapidly internalizes into HeLa cells with the following 70% fluorescence based clearance at 24 h, assessed by its characteristic emission in red/near-IR. pH-dependence of GO emission is utilized to provide the sensing of acidic extracellular environments of cancer cells. The results demonstrate diminishing green/red (550/630 nm) fluorescence intensity ratios for HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells in comparison to HEK-293 healthy cells suggesting a potential use of GO as a non-invasive optical sensor for cancer microenvironments. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of GO as a novel multifunctional platform for therapeutic delivery, biological imaging and cancer sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Md Tanvir Hasan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Christine Pho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - K Callaghan
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - G R Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - A V Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer an insight into mental health illness in academia, and its impact on academic identity.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts an evocative autoethnographic approach, utilising diary entries collected during the author’s three-month absence from her university due to depression and anxiety. A contemporary methodology, autoethnography seeks to use personal experience to provide a deeper understanding of culture. In this personal story, the author explores her decline in mental health and subsequent re-construction of her academic identity in order to enhance understanding of the organisational culture of higher education.
Findings
This paper illustrates how, rather than being an achievement, academic identity is an ongoing process of construction. Although mental health illness can contribute to a sense of loss of self, identity can be re-constructed during and after recovery. Autoethnographic explorations of depression and anxiety in higher education provide a deeper understanding of an often stigmatized issue, but researchers should be alive to the political and ethical pitfalls associated with deeply reflexive research.
Originality/value
There is little autoethnographic research on mental health illness in a university setting. This paper offers unique insights into the lived experience of depression and anxiety in the context of academic life, through the lens of academic identity.
Collapse
|
36
|
O'Brien KM, Wiggers J, Williams A, Campbell E, Hodder RK, Wolfenden L, Yoong SL, Robson EK, Haskins R, Kamper SJ, Rissel C, Williams CM. Telephone-based weight loss support for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:485-494. [PMID: 29330101 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of telephone-based weight loss support in reducing the intensity of knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis, who are overweight or obese, compared to usual care. DESIGN We conducted a parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT), embedded within a cohort multiple RCT of patients on a waiting list for outpatient orthopaedic consultation at a tertiary referral hospital in NSW, Australia. Patients with knee osteoarthritis, classified as overweight or obese [body mass index (BMI) between ≥27 kg/m2 and <40 kg/m2] were randomly allocated to receive referral to an existing non-disease specific government funded 6-month telephone-based weight management and healthy lifestyle service or usual care. The primary outcome was knee pain intensity measured using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) over 6-month follow-up. A number of secondary outcomes, including self-reported weight were measured. Data analysis was by intention-to-treat according to a pre-published analysis plan. RESULTS Between May 19 and June 30 2015, 120 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (59 analysed, one post-randomisation exclusion) or usual care (60 analysed). We found no statistically significant between group differences in pain intensity [area under the curve (AUC), mean difference 5.4, 95%CI: -13.7 to 24.5, P = 0.58] or weight change at 6 months (self-reported; mean difference -0.4, 95%CI: -2.6 to 1.8, P = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with knee osteoarthritis who are overweight, telephone-based weight loss support, provided using an existing 6-month weight management and healthy lifestyle service did not reduce knee pain intensity or weight, compared with usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12615000490572.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Brien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - J Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - A Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - E Campbell
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - R K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - L Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - S L Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - E K Robson
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - R Haskins
- Outpatient Services, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 1, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - S J Kamper
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia; Musculoskeletal Health Sydney, University of Sydney, Lvl 10, King George V Building, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, UK.
| | - C Rissel
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney Local Health District, Locked Bag 7279, Liverpool, BC 1871, Australia.
| | - C M Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Peppercorn J, Campbell E, Rabin J, Quain K, Hlubocky F, Colyar D, Sequist L, Bardia A, Horick N, Isakoff S, Mathews D. Abstract PD8-06: Attitudes towards use of archived biospecimens among patients with cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-pd8-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Oncology research increasingly involves biospecimen collection and data-sharing. Ethical questions have emerged when researchers seek to use archived biospecimens for purposes that were not well defined in the original informed consent document (ICD). We sought to inform ongoing debates by assessing patient views on these issues.
Methods: We administered a cross-sectional self administered anonymous paper survey among patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. Survey questions addressed attitudes towards cancer research and willingness to donate biospecimens, expectations regarding use of biospecimens and protections of research participants, and preferences regarding specific ethical dilemmas regarding use of archived biospecimens. Results are descriptive with comparisons among participants on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Results: 187 patients offered participation agreed and returned the survey (Response rate 66%). Mean age was 59 (range 2 to 91), 81% were women, 86% were white, and 81% were college educated. Among all participants, 67% had breast cancer and 33% metastatic disease. 34% had participated in a clinical trial, 27% had donated tissue for research and 93% indicated willingness to donate tissue for research. The vast majority of participants (94%) expected both that donated tissue would be used to help as many patients as possible and (92%) that privacy of a donors health information would be carefully protected. 33% expected that donated tissue would only be used for research they specifically approved and 44% that data would not be shared with other researchers. We presented 3 hypothetical scenarios in which researchers sought to use stored biospecimens from a breast cancer clinical trial for future research that was not described in the original iICD. For scenario 1, in which the ICD stated tissue would only be used for breast cancer research, 75% supported use of tissue to study other cancers as well. For scenario 2, in which the ICD specified somatic genetic research only, 89% supported use of tissue for germline research if deemed important by investigators. For scenario 3, in which the ICD stated that data would not be shared beyond the investigators, 72% supported data sharing within a national data repository. Only 28% of participants endorsed concerns that a patient could be identified from their genetic information and 12% were concerned with potential harms from donation to biobanks. However, 38% felt that they owned their tissue and should control how it is used. We did not detect significant differences in responses on the basis of sociodemographic characteristics, cancer type, disease stage, or research experience.
Conclusion: Patients with cancer are highly supportive of tissue donation for research and expect that donated tissue will be used to to maximize scientific results. They also expect that interests of research participants will be protected. When there is uncertainly regarding the use of archived biospecimens based on historical ICD and inability to recontact research participants, the interest of participants in seeing productive use of their tissue for science should be considered.
Citation Format: Peppercorn J, Campbell E, Rabin J, Quain K, Hlubocky F, Colyar D, Sequist L, Bardia A, Horick N, Isakoff S, Mathews D. Attitudes towards use of archived biospecimens among patients with cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD8-06.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Peppercorn
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E Campbell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J Rabin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - K Quain
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - F Hlubocky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D Colyar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - N Horick
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - S Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D Mathews
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sutherland R, Campbell E, Lubans D, Morgan P, Nathan N, Okely A, Gillham K, Davies L, Wiggers J. ‘Physical Activity 4 Everyone’ cluster RCT: 24-month physical activity outcomes of a school-based physical activity intervention targeting adolescents. Overall and school day physical activity outcomes. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
39
|
Davies L, Sutherland R, Campbell E, Nathan N, Wolfenden L, Gillham K, Wiggers J. Longitudinal changes in adolescent sedentary behaviour in a school day. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
40
|
Abstract
Differences in psychological well-being between participants in wheelchair sport with congenital ( n = 50) and acquired ( n = 43) disabilities were examined. Psychological well-being was assessed by scores on mood, trait anxiety, self-esteem, and mastery. Analysis showed that the group with acquired disabilities had a more positive general mood, higher self-esteem and mastery, and lower trait anxiety than the group with congenital disabilities. This suggests that sports participants in wheelchairs who acquired their disabilities later in life have more positive scores on psychological well-being than those with congenital disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Department of Physical Education, Sport Science, and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Campbell E, Schellinger T, Beer J. Relationships among the Ready or Not Parental Checklist for School Readiness, the Brigance Kindergarten and First Grade Screen, and Sra Scores. Percept Mot Skills 2016. [DOI: 10.2466/pms.1991.73.3.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
73 children (38 boys, 35 girls) from rural north central Kansas school districts participated in a study comparing measures of school readiness and performance. The children's parents completed the Ready or Not checklist while all 73 children were given the Brigance K & 1 Screen. Once in kindergarten all children were administered the SRA Survey of Basic Skills. Analysis of variance of the Composite score and scores on reading and mathematics as well as the educational ability quotient indicated no significant associations of gender. Parents rated the readiness of children as very probable while on the Brigance the children performed in the higher-than-average range. These two scores gave similar results over-all and correlated significantly with the SRA scores (the better children scored on the Brigance or were rated by a parent on the Ready or Not, the better they performed on the SRA survey). These devices can be used as screening instruments to collect information about children's readiness from more than one source (parental checklist and observation of a child's performance). When multiple sources having nonidentical bases are used, more valid judgments can be made about children's readiness for school.
Collapse
|
42
|
Theron BT, Padmanabhan H, Aladin H, Smith P, Campbell E, Nightingale P, Cooper BT, Trudgill NJ. The risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a prospectively recruited Barrett's oesophagus cohort. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:754-761. [PMID: 28408992 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616632419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying rates of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) complicating Barrett's oesophagus (BO) have been reported. Recent studies and meta-analyses suggest a lower incidence, questioning the value of endoscopic surveillance. AIM We aimed to retrospectively examine the rate of OAC, risk factors and causes of death in a prospectively recruited BO cohort. METHODS Data from patients with BO from a cohort from 1982-2007 were studied. Patients were subdivided into surveyed, failed to attend surveillance and unfit for surveillance. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for common causes of death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine which factors were associated with progression to OAC. RESULTS In total, 671 BO patients (61% male) were studied; 37 (76% male) were diagnosed with OAC. OAC incidence was 0.47% per annum and stable across three decades (1982-1991 0.56%, 1992-2001 0.46%, 2002-2012 0.41% (p = 0.8)). All-cause mortality was increased for the whole cohort (SMR 163(95% CI 145-183)). Mortality from OAC appeared higher in patients who failed to attend surveillance (SMR 3216(95% CI 1543-5916)) compared with surveyed (SMR 1753(95% CI 933-2998)) and those unfit for surveillance due to co-morbidity (SMR 440(95% CI 143-1025)). Multivariable analysis identified low-grade dysplasia (HR 4.4(95% CI 1.56-12.43), p = 0.005) and length of BO (HR 1.2(95% (1.1-1.3)), p < 0.001)) as associated with OAC. CONCLUSIONS Progression to OAC appeared stable over three decades at 0.47% per annum. Patients with BO had a modest increase in all-cause mortality and a large increase in OAC mortality, particularly if fit for surveillance. Low-grade dysplasia and the length of the BO segment were associated with developing OAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B T Theron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - H Padmanabhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - H Aladin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - P Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - P Nightingale
- Welcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - B T Cooper
- Gastroenterology Unit, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - N J Trudgill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Legal education is a new area for autoethnographic research. Indeed, there is a significant lack of autoethnography located in higher education generally. This article explicitly seeks to fill a considerable gap in the literature by fixing the narrative in the law school. Drawing on her own autoethnographic vignettes and reflexive journal entries, the author provides a first-hand account of entering the world of autoethnography. She argues that the hyper-reflexivity at the heart of a narrative approach is valuable and appropriate for legal education research. Yet, she also addresses and explores the challenges of such an approach, including subjectivity, ethics and the politics of discontent.
Collapse
|
44
|
Campbell E. Transferring Power: a reflective exploration of authentic student-centred small group work in clinical legal education. IJCLE 2015. [DOI: 10.19164/ijcle.v22i2.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers use self-reflection and personal narrative as a lens through which to identify thoughts and feelings about lived experience. This article uses reflexivity in order to capture, critique and develop small group work practice in clinical legal education. It draws on the concept of constructivism and queries whether small group work in a clinical setting can truly be a paradigm of student-centred teaching. At its core, it argues that an authentic student-centred approach is best achieved when power is transferred to clinic students and they are given the opportunity to lead their own group work.
Collapse
|
45
|
Campbell E, Kennedy F, Russell A, Smithson WH, Parsons L, Morrison PJ, Liggan B, Irwin B, Delanty N, Hunt SJ, Craig J, Morrow J. Malformation risks of antiepileptic drug monotherapies in pregnancy: updated results from the UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1029-34. [PMID: 24444855 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs). The magnitude of this risk varies by AED exposure. Here we provide updated results from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register of the risk of MCMs after monotherapy exposure to valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine. METHODS Fifteen-year prospective observational study from 1996 until 2012. The main outcome measure is the MCM rate. RESULTS Informative outcomes were available for 5206 cases. 1290 women were exposed to valproate monotherapy, 1718 to carbamazepine monotherapy and 2198 to lamotrigine monotherapy. The MCM risk with valproate monotherapy exposure in utero was 6.7% (95% CI 5.5% to 8.3%) compared with 2.6% with carbamazepine (95% CI 1.9% to 3.5%) and 2.3% with lamotrigine (95% CI 1.8% to 3.1%). A significant dose effect was seen with valproate (p=0.0006) and carbamazepine (p=0.03) exposed pregnancies. A non-significant trend towards higher MCM rate with increasing dose was found with lamotrigine. MCM rate for high-dose lamotrigine (>400 mg daily) was lower than the MCM rate for pregnancies exposed to <600 mg daily of valproate, but this was not significant (3.4% vs 5.0%, p=0.31). CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to valproate carries a significantly higher MCM risk than lamotrigine (p=0.0001) and carbamazepine (p=0.0001) monotherapy. In contrast to prior findings, high-dose lamotrigine was associated with fewer MCMs than all doses of valproate. While lamotrigine has a favourable profile compared with valproate for adverse pregnancy outcomes, the requirements for seizure control should not be overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - F Kennedy
- Institute of Neurology, University College London
| | - A Russell
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - W H Smithson
- Academic Unit of Primary Medical Care, Samuel Fox House, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Parsons
- Neurology Department, Luton & Dunstable Hospitals NHS Trust, Luton, UK
| | - P J Morrison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - B Liggan
- RSCI, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Irwin
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - N Delanty
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, UK
| | - S J Hunt
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - J Craig
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - J Morrow
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
<p>In clinical legal education circles we tend to focus on the pedagogical aspects of our work. We enjoy lively debate on topics such as assessment, skills, ethics, student self-efficacy, the role of reflection and balancing the needs of the student with the needs of the client. Rarely do we speak or write about the legal framework regulating the work that occurs in clinics. However, the regulatory landscape is changing, and rapidly.</p><p>The Legal Services Act 2007 allows organisations that are owned or managed by non-lawyers to provide regulated legal services. It permits and encourages new entrants to the legal services market in England and Wales. It was heralded as ushering in important new opportunities for solicitors to team up with non-lawyers and to attract capital for their businesses in a carefully regulated environment. At first glance, there did not appear to be anything within the framework which affected law school clinics. On closer inspection, this is sadly not the case.</p><p><br />The aim of this paper is to increase the level of awareness within the clinical legal education community, in England and Wales in particular, of the effects of the Legal Services Act 2007 on clinical activity. It will explore the background to the introduction of alternative business structures and compare the approach which Australia has taken. It will also look to the future and discuss potential problems and solutions.</p>
Collapse
|
47
|
Riches A, Campbell E, Borger E, Powis S. Regulation of exosome release from mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells - a new regulatory pathway. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1025-34. [PMID: 24462375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exosomes are small 50-100nm sized extracellular vesicles released from normal and tumour cells and are a source of a new intercellular communication pathway. Tumour exosomes promote tumour growth and progression. What regulates the release and homoeostatic levels of exosomes, in cancer, in body fluids remains undefined. METHODS We utilised a human mammary epithelial cell line (HMEC B42) and a breast cancer cell line derived from it (B42 clone 16) to investigate exosome production and regulation. Exosome numbers were quantified using a Nanosight LM10 and measured in culture supernatants in the absence and presence of exosomes in the medium. Concentrated suspensions of exosomes from the normal mammary epithelial cells, the breast cancer cells and bladder cancer cells were used. The interaction of exosomes with tumour cells was also investigated using fluorescently labelled exosomes. RESULTS Exosome release from normal human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells is regulated by the presence of exosomes, derived from their own cells, in the extracellular environment of the cells. Exosomes from normal mammary epithelial cells also inhibit exosome secretion by breast cancer cells, which occurs in a tissue specific manner. Labelled exosomes from mammary epithelial cells are internalised into the tumour cells implicating a dynamic equilibrium and suggesting a mechanism for feedback control. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a previously unknown novel feedback regulatory mechanism for controlling exosome release, which may highlight a new therapeutic approach to controlling the deleterious effects of tumour exosomes. This regulatory mechanism is likely to be generic to other tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Riches
- School of Medicine, Medical & Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, KY16 9TF Scotland, UK.
| | - Elaine Campbell
- School of Medicine, Medical & Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, KY16 9TF Scotland, UK
| | - Eva Borger
- School of Biology, Medical & Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, KY16 9TF Scotland, UK
| | - Simon Powis
- School of Medicine, Medical & Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, KY16 9TF Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Butovich IA, Lu H, McMahon A, Ketelson H, Senchyna M, Meadows D, Campbell E, Molai M, Linsenbardt E. Biophysical and morphological evaluation of human normal and dry eye meibum using hot stage polarized light microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:87-101. [PMID: 24282231 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study melting characteristics and the morphology of human and mouse meibum. METHODS Hot stage cross-polarized light microscopy (HSPM) and immunohistochemical approaches were used. RESULTS Isolated human meibum, and meibum of mice (either isolated or within the meibomian ducts of mice), were found to be in liquid-crystal state at physiological temperatures. Melting of both types of meibum started at approximately 10°C and was completed at approximately 40°C. Melting curves of isolated meibum and meibum inside the meibomian ducts were multiphasic with at least two or three clearly defined phase transition temperatures, typically at approximately 12 ± 2°C (minor transition), 21 ± 3°C, and 32 ± 3°C, regardless the source of meibum. Melting was highly cooperative in nature. Samples of abnormal human meibum collected from dry eye patients with meibomian gland dysfunction often showed an increased presence of nonlipid, nonmelting, nonbirefringent, chloroform-insoluble inclusions of a protein nature. The inclusions were positively stained for cytokeratins. The presence of these inclusions was semiquantitatively characterized using a newly proposed 0 to 4 scale. In the presence of large amounts of these inclusions, melting characteristics of meibum and its structural integrity were altered. CONCLUSIONS HSPM is an effective tool that is suitable for biophysical and morphological evaluation of meibum. Morphological properties and melting characteristics of human meibum were found to be similar to those of mice. Abnormal meibum of many dry eye patients contained large quantities of nonlipid, protein-like inclusions, which were routinely absent in meibum of normal controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Campbell E, Ayala-Cabrera D, Izquierdo J, Pérez-García R, Tavera M. Water Supply Network Sectorization Based on Social Networks Community Detection Algorithms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
50
|
Campbell E. Public sphere as assemblage: the cultural politics of roadside memorialization. Br J Sociol 2013; 64:526-547. [PMID: 23998323 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates contemporary academic accounts of the public sphere. In particular, it takes stock of post-Habermasian public sphere scholarship, and acknowledges a lively and variegated debate concerning the multiple ways in which individuals engage in contemporary political affairs. A critical eye is cast over a range of key insights which have come to establish the parameters of what 'counts' as a/the public sphere, who can be involved, and where and how communicative networks are established. This opens up the conceptual space for re-imagining a/the public sphere as an assemblage. Making use of recent developments in Deleuzian-inspired assemblage theory - most especially drawn from DeLanda's (2006) 'new philosophy of society' - the paper sets out an alternative perspective on the notion of the public sphere, and regards it as a space of connectivity brought into being through a contingent and heterogeneous assemblage of discursive, visual and performative practices. This is mapped out with reference to the cultural politics of roadside memorialization. However, a/the public sphere as an assemblage is not simply a 'social construction' brought into being through a logic of connectivity, but is an emergent and ephemeral space which reflexively nurtures and assembles the cultural politics (and political cultures) of which it is an integral part. The discussion concludes, then, with a consideration of the contribution of assemblage theory to public sphere studies. (Also see Campbell 2009a).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Campbell
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Claremont Bridge Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom NE1 7RU.
| |
Collapse
|