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Esteban-Lopez M, Wilson K, Myhr C, Kaftanovskaya E, Henderson M, Southall N, Hu X, Barnaeva E, Ferrer M, Kim D, Ye W, Morello R, Agoulnik I, Marugan J, Agoulnik A. RXFP2 Small Molecule Agonists: Potential Therapeutics for Osteoporosis. FASEB J 2022. [PMID: 35554639 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased risk of developing fractures, predominantly observed in the elderly. Osteoporosis affects approximately 10 million people in the US, and the number is expected to increase exponentially as the elderly population continues to grow. The pathophysiological cause of the disease is a decrease in the activity of the bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) that alters bone remodeling in favor of bone resorption, leading to a decrease in bone mass. Recent studies identified the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for insulin-like 3 peptide (INSL3), relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2), as an attractive target for the treatment of osteoporosis. The goal of this study is to develop small molecule agonists of RXFP2, expressed in osteoblast cells, to promote bone growth and counteract the deleterious effects of osteoporosis. Currently, the most effective available treatment for osteoporosis is an expensive hormone therapy that requires daily injections. We aim to create drugs that are stable and can be delivered orally. Several low molecular weight compounds were identified as agonists of the RXFP2 receptor using a high-throughput screen of the NCATS small molecule library. The screening assay measured cAMP response in RXFP2-transfected HEK293T cells. An extensive structure-activity relationship campaign resulted in highly potent and efficient full RXFP2 agonists. The selectivity and specificity of the compounds for human and mouse RXFP2 was shown using orthogonal cAMP assays, counter-screening against the related relaxin receptor RXFP1, and a GPCRome screen using the PRESTO-Tango assay. The drug candidates were further tested in primary human osteoblasts to demonstrate that they promote mineralization by measuring hydroxyapatite deposition in the cell matrix. We showed that the compounds had low cytotoxicity in various cell types. Using a series of RXFP2/RXFP1 chimeric receptors, we established that the compounds are allosteric agonists of the RXFP2 receptor and identified the GPCR transmembrane domains as the specific region for compound interaction. The RXFP2 agonist with the highest activity in vitro was selected for pharmacokinetics (PK) profiling in mice, showing optimal oral bioavailability and bone exposure. An efficacy study using 2-month-old WT female mice treated orally with 10 mg/kg of compound 3 times a week for 8 weeks showed a significant increase of the vertebral trabecular number and thickness by micro-CT analysis compared to vehicle treated controls. We expect that the further characterization of these compounds may lead to the development of a new class of cost-effective drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis and other diseases associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roy Morello
- Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Kaftanovskaya E, Ng HH, Rivas B, Myhr C, Shupe T, Hu X, Ferrer M, Southall N, Wilson K, Marugan J, Bishop C, Agoulnik I, Agoulnik A. SAT-035 Small Molecule Allosteric Agonist of Relaxin Receptor Ml290 Demonstrates Antifibrotic Properties in Liver Fibrosis. J Endocr Soc 2019. [PMCID: PMC6552156 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-sat-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an underlying cause of cirrhosis and hepatic failure resulting in end stage liver disease with limited pharmacological therapeutic options. The beneficial effects of relaxin peptide treatment have been demonstrated previously in clinically relevant animal models of liver disease. However, the low stability of the recombinant relaxin peptide in vivo requires continuous intravenous delivery for chronic therapeutic application. We have recently identified a first series of small molecule allosteric biased agonists of the human relaxin receptor RXFP1 which showed efficacy similar to relaxin in several functional assays in vitro. Here we investigated the therapeutic effects of small molecule RXFP1 agonist on activated hepatic stellate cells, the main source of excessive collagen production in liver fibrosis. We have demonstrated that RXFP1 expression is increased in fibrotic mouse liver, specifically in activated hepatic stellate cells. The lead compound, ML290, was selected based on its effects on the expression of the genes involved in fibrosis in primary human stellate cells. RNA-Seq analysis of TGFβ1-activated LX-2 hepatic stellate cells showed that about 500 genes were misregulated by ML290. Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated that ML290 treatment primarily affects extracellular matrix remodeling and cytokine signaling, with expression profiles indicating an antifibrotic effect of ML290. ML290 treatment of human liver organoids with lipopolysaccharide-induced fibrotic phenotype resulted in dramatic reduction of type I collagen. The pharmacokinetics of ML290 in mice after multiple injections demonstrated its high stability in vivo, as evidenced by the sustained concentrations of compound in the liver. The ML290 treatment of mice expressing human RXFP1 gene with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis resulted in significantly reduced collagen content, alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and cell proliferation around portal ducts, and the decrease of pro-fibrotic genes’ expression. In summary, ML290, the small molecule agonist of relaxin receptor, has anti-fibrotic effects in liver fibrosis. Funding source: NIH/NIDDK
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kaftanovskaya
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida Intl Univ College of Med, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- Florida Intl Univ College of Med, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bryan Rivas
- Florida Intl Univ College of Med, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Courtney Myhr
- Florida Intl Univ College of Med, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Juan Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Colin Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Irina Agoulnik
- Florida Intl Univ College of Med, Miami, FL, United States
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Zhang M, Vasquez J, Kaftanovskaya E, Agoulnik A, Vacher J, Ittmann M, Agoulnik I. SAT-326 INPP4B Suppresses Prostate Inflammation And Protects Mice Fed With High-fat Diet From The Development Of Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia. J Endocr Soc 2019. [PMCID: PMC6552162 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-sat-326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Zhang
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Judy Vasquez
- FIU College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Elena Kaftanovskaya
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International Univ, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexander Agoulnik
- Human Molecular Genetics, FIU College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jean Vacher
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Irina Agoulnik
- Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, FIU College of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Kurapati KRV, Samikkannu T, Atluri VSR, Kaftanovskaya E, Yndart A, Nair MPN. β-Amyloid1-42, HIV-1Ba-L (clade B) infection and drugs of abuse induced degeneration in human neuronal cells and protective effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and its constituent Withanolide A. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112818. [PMID: 25415340 PMCID: PMC4240587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive dysfunction of memory and higher cognitive functions with abnormal accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles throughout cortical and limbic brain regions. Withania somnifera (WS) also known as ‘ashwagandha’ (ASH) is used widely in Ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer. However, there is paucity of data on potential neuroprotective effects of ASH against β-Amyloid (1–42) (Aβ) induced neuropathogenesis. In the present study, we have tested the neuroprotective effects of Methanol: Chloroform (3:1) extract of ASH and its constituent Withanolide A (WA) against Aβ induced toxicity, HIV-1Ba-L (clade B) infection and the effects of drugs of abuse using a human neuronal SK-N-MC cell line. Aβ when tested individually, induced cytotoxic effects in SK-N-MC cells as shown by increased trypan blue stained cells. However, when ASH was added to Aβ treated cells the toxic effects were neutralized. This observation was supported by cellular localization of Aβ, MTT formazan exocytosis, and the levels of acetylcholinesterase activity, confirming the chemopreventive or protective effects of ASH against Aβ induced toxicity. Further, the levels of MAP2 were significantly increased in cells infected with HIV-1Ba-L (clade B) as well as in cells treated with Cocaine (COC) and Methamphetamine (METH) compared with control cells. In ASH treated cells the MAP2 levels were significantly less compared to controls. Similar results were observed in combination experiments. Also, WA, a purified constituent of ASH, showed same pattern using MTT assay as a parameter. These results suggests that neuroprotective properties of ASH observed in the present study may provide some explanation for the ethnopharmacological uses of ASH in traditional medicine for cognitive and other HIV associated neurodegenerative disorders and further ASH could be a potential novel drug to reduce the brain amyloid burden and/or improve the HIV-1 associated neurocognitive impairments
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesava Rao Venkata Kurapati
- Department of Immunology, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States of America
| | - Thangavel Samikkannu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States of America
| | - Venkata Subba Rao Atluri
- Department of Immunology, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States of America
| | - Elena Kaftanovskaya
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States of America
| | - Adriana Yndart
- Department of Immunology, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States of America
| | - Madhavan P. N. Nair
- Department of Immunology, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, 33199, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bubenshchikova E, Kaftanovskaya E, Adachi T, Hashimoto H, Kinoshita M, Wakamatsu Y. A protocol for adult somatic cell nuclear transfer in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) with a high rate of viable clone formation. Cell Reprogram 2013; 15:520-30. [PMID: 24219575 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2013.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we successfully generated fully grown, cloned medaka (the Japanese rice fish, Oryzias latipes) using donor nuclei from primary culture cells of adult caudal fin tissue and nonenucleated recipient eggs that were heat shock-treated to induce diploidization of the nuclei. However, the mechanism of clone formation using this method is unknown, and the rate of adult clone formation is not high enough for studies in basic and applied sciences. To gain insight into the mechanism and increase the success rate of this method of clone formation, we tested two distinct nuclear transfer protocols. In one protocol, the timing of transfer of donor nuclei was changed, and in the other, the size of the donor cells was changed; each protocol was based on our original methodology. Ultimately, we obtained an unexpectedly high rate of adult clone formation using the protocol that differed with respect to the timing of donor nuclei transfer. Specifically, 17% of the transplants that developed to the blastula stage ultimately developed into adult clones. The success rate with this method was 13 times higher than that obtained using the original method. Analyses focusing on the reasons for this high success rate of clone formation will help to elucidate the mechanism of clone formation that occurs with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bubenshchikova
- 1 Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University , Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Huang Z, Kaftanovskaya E, Feng S, Pereira R, Kaur S, Barbara A, Truong A, Gorlov I, Agoulnik A. Hormonal Regulation of Testicular Descent. Biol Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/83.s1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bubenshchikova E, Kaftanovskaya E, Hattori M, Kinoshita M, Adachi T, Hashimoto H, Ozato K, Wakamatsu Y. Nuclear Transplants from Adult Somatic Cells Generated by a Novel Method Using Diploidized Eggs as Recipients in Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes). Cloning and Stem Cells 2008; 10:443-52. [DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bubenshchikova
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Elena Kaftanovskaya
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Manabu Hattori
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoko Adachi
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ozato
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuko Wakamatsu
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Bubenshchikova E, Kaftanovskaya E, Motosugi N, Fujimoto T, Arai K, Kinoshita M, Hashimoto H, Ozato K, Wakamatsu Y. Diploidized eggs reprogram adult somatic cell nuclei to pluripotency in nuclear transfer in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Dev Growth Differ 2007; 49:699-709. [PMID: 17868280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of adult somatic cell nuclei to pluripotency has been unsuccessful in non-mammalian animals, primarily because of chromosomal aberrations in nuclear transplants, which are considered to be caused by asynchrony between the cell cycles of the recipient egg and donor nucleus. In order to normalize the chromosomal status, we used diploidized eggs by retention of second polar body release, instead of enucleated eggs, as recipients in nuclear transfer of primary culture cells from the caudal fin of adult green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) transgenic medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). We found that 2.7% of the reconstructed embryos grew into adults that expressed GFP in various tissues in the same pattern as in the donor fish. Moreover, these fish were diploid, fertile and capable of passing the marker gene to the next generation in Mendelian fashion. We hesitate to call these fish 'clones' because we used non-enucleated eggs as recipients; in effect, they may be chimeras consisting of cells derived from diploid recipient nuclei and donor nuclei. In either case, fish adult somatic cell nuclei were reprogrammed to pluripotency and differentiated into a variety of cell types including germ cells via the use of diploidized recipient eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bubenshchikova
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Kaftanovskaya E, Motosugi N, Kinoshita M, Ozato K, Wakamatsu Y. Ploidy mosaicism in well-developed nuclear transplants produced by transfer of adult somatic cell nuclei to nonenucleated eggs of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Dev Growth Differ 2007; 49:691-8. [PMID: 17868281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities such as ploidy mosaicism have constituted a major obstacle to the successful nuclear transfer of adult somatic cell nuclei in lower vertebrates to date. Euploid mosaicism has been reported previously in well-developed amphibian transplants. Here, we investigated ploidy mosaicisms in well-developed transplants of adult somatic cell nuclei in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Donor nuclei from primary cultured cells from the adult caudal fin of a transgenic strain carrying the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) were transferred to recipient nonenucleated eggs of a wild-type strain to produce 662 transplants. While some of the transplants developed beyond the body formation stage and several hatched, all exhibited varying degrees of abnormal morphology, limited growth and subsequent death. Twenty-one transplants, 19 embryos and two larvae, were selected for chromosomal analysis; all were well-developed 6-day-old or later embryonic stages exhibiting slight morphological abnormalities and the same pattern of GFP expression as that of the donor strain. In addition, all exhibited various levels of euploid mosaicism with haploid-diploid, haploid-triploid or haploid-diploid-triploid chromosome sets. No visible chromosomal abnormalities were observed. Thus, euploid mosaicism similar to that observed in amphibians was confirmed in well-developed nuclear transplants of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kaftanovskaya
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Bubenshchikova E, Ju B, Pristyazhnyuk I, Niwa K, Kaftanovskaya E, Kinoshita M, Ozato K, Wakamatsu Y. Generation of Fertile and Diploid Fish, Medaka (Oryzias latipes), from Nuclear Transplantation of Blastula and Four-Somite-Stage Embryonic Cells into Nonenucleated Unfertilized Eggs. Cloning and Stem Cells 2005; 7:255-64. [PMID: 16390261 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2005.7.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In two experimental series of transplantation of embryonic cell nuclei into nonenucleated unfertilized eggs in medaka (Oryzias latipes), fertile and diploid nuclear transplants were successfully generated. In the first experiment, nuclei from blastula cells of a medaka stock with the wild-type body color were transplanted into 1722 eggs from the orange-red variety. Of 26 adult nuclear transplants with the wild-type body color, 22 were, as expected, triploid and sterile, but the other four were fertile. Three of the four were diploid, and the last one was tetraploid. They transmitted the wild-type body color to the F1 and F2 progenies in a Mendelian fashion. In the second experiment, cell nuclei from four-somite-stage embryos of the orangered variety carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene were transplanted into 1688 recipients of the same strain. Three adult nuclear transplants expressing GFP were obtained. Two of them were triploid and sterile, but the remaining one was fertile and diploid. The transgene of the donor nuclei was transmitted to the F(1) and F(2) offspring in a Mendelian fashion. These observations that diploid and fertile nuclear transplants could be obtained without enucleation of the recipient eggs may have important implications for future nuclear transplantation in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bubenshchikova
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Serov O, Matveeva N, Kuznetsov S, Kaftanovskaya E, Mittmann J. Embryonic hybrid cells: a powerful tool for studying pluripotency and reprogramming of the differentiated cell chromosomes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2001; 73:561-8. [PMID: 11743603 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652001000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of embryonic hybrid cells obtained by fusion of embryonic stem (ES) or teratocarcinoma (TC) cells with differentiated cells are reviewed. Usually, ES-somatic or TC-somatic hybrids retain pluripotent capacity at high levels quite comparable or nearly identical with those of the pluripotent partner. When cultured in vitro, ES-somatic- and TC-somatic hybrid cell clones, as a rule, lose the chromosomes derived from the somatic partner; however, in some clones the autosomes from the ES cell partner were also eliminated, i.e. the parental chromosomes segregated bilaterally in the ES-somatic cell hybrids. This opens up ways for searching correlation between the pluripotent status of the hybrid cells and chromosome segregation patterns and therefore for identifying the particular chromosomes involved in the maintenance of pluripotency. Use of selective medium allows to isolate in vitro the clones of ES-somatic hybrid cells in which "the pluripotent" chromosome can be replaced by "the somatic" counterpart carrying the selectable gene. Unlike the TC-somatic cell hybrids, the ES-somatic hybrids with a near-diploid complement of chromosomes are able to contribute to various tissues of chimeric animals after injection into the blastocoel cavity. Analysis of the chimeric animals showed that the "somatic" chromosome undergoes reprogramming during development. The prospects for the identification of the chromosomes that are involved in the maintenance of pluripotency and its cis- and trans-regulation in the hybrid cell genome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Serov
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil.
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12
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Rubtsov N, Serdyukova N, Kaftanovskaya E, Yang F, Biltueva L, Vorobieva N, Rogatcheva M, Oda S, Graphodatsky A. Visualization of the Cattle Xp Homologous Regions on the X Chromosomes of Some Pecorans by Chromosome Microdissection and Heterologous Painting. CYTOLOGIA 1997. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.62.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Rubtsov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - N. Serdyukova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | - F. Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge
| | - L. Biltueva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - N. Vorobieva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - M. Rogatcheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - S. Oda
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - A. Graphodatsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
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