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Melo GBD, Roldan W, Malta FDM, Lescano SAZ, Castilho VL, Gonçalves EMDN, Paula FMD, Gryschek RCB. Culture isolation and molecular identification of Blastocystis sp. in Brazilian human isolates: preliminary results. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e51. [PMID: 32667389 PMCID: PMC7359720 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a protist commonly found in stool samples of humans and animals. Biological and genetic factors of this organism remain controversial. The present study aimed to develop and implement the Blastocystis in vitro culture of Brazilian human isolates for routine use. The fecal isolates (n = 20) were maintained in our laboratory by several passages in Pavlova's medium. Cultures were monitored every 72 h by light microscopy. Genomic DNA was extracted to identify the subtypes (STs). In most isolates, the vacuolar form was prevalent. The amoeboid, granular and cystic forms were observed during in vitro cultivation. STs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 were identified. Our preliminary results show the generation time and forms present in the in vitro culture of Blastocystis subtypes isolated from Brazilian human isolates. Therefore, we emphasize the use of in vitro culture as a tool in future studies for the better understanding of the biological aspects of Blastocystis sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Baptista de Melo
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Roldan
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Mello Malta
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical (LIM-07), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Angelica Zevallos Lescano
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Castilho
- Seção de Parasitologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Martins de Paula
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Melo GBD, Malta FDM, Maruta CW, Criado PR, Castilho VLP, Gonçalves EMDN, Espirito-Santo MCDCD, Paula FMD, Gryschek RCB. Characterization of subtypes of Blastocystis sp. isolated from patients with urticaria, São Paulo, Brazil. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 7:e00124. [PMID: 31872093 PMCID: PMC6911935 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is described as an enteric protist prevalent in fecal samples from humans and animals; its pathogenicity and epidemiology are still controversial. Currently, it has been associated with intestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and clinical manifestations of allergic skin, such as chronic urticaria. In the context of urticaria, it is still uncertain whether this organism is directly related to the allergic manifestation or just a common component of the intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and molecular diversity of Blastocystis sp. in individuals with urticaria from a dermatology outpatient clinic, São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples of 58 patients with urticaria were examined using parasitological methods; and subsequently tested by polymerase chain reaction using Blastocystis-specific primers. The subtypes (STs) and alleles (a) were determined using BLASTn and MLST tools. ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST6 and mixed infection (ST1 + ST3) were identified in the patients with urticaria; ST1 (a4), ST3 (a34 and a36) and ST4 (a42) were the most prevalent. Our molecular analyses allowed an initial description of Blastocystis subtypes in patients with urticaria from São Paulo city, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Baptista de Melo
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fernanda de Mello Malta
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical (LIM-07), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina Wakisaka Maruta
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Pagliusi Castilho
- Seção de Parasitologia, Divisão Do Laboratório Central, Hospital Das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiana Martins de Paula
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia da Esquistossomose (LIM-06), Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brandelero E, Dambrós BP, Gonçalves EMDN, Castilho VLP, Ribas AM, Gaio ME. OCCASIONAL DIGESTIVE HEMORRHAGE IN CHILDREN DUE TO STRONGYLOIDIASIS: IMPORTANCE OF PARASITOLOGIC TESTING. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 37:121-125. [PMID: 30066826 PMCID: PMC6362384 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;1;00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To describe an uncommon case of infection by Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) in a 4-month-old child and to highlight the importance of early diagnosis. Case description: The patient was a male child from the city of Videira, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, who was born preterm by Cesarean-section, weighing 1,655 g, and stayed in the neonatal intensive care unit for 20 days. At four months of age, the child started presenting blood in stools and the possibility of cow’s milk protein allergy was considered, given the symptoms and the use of infant formula in his 1st semester of life, which was then replaced by infant formula with hydrolyzed protein. White blood cell count and a parasitological stool sample were requested. Both tested positive and the stool ova and parasite examination showed a rhabditoid larva of S. stercoralis. The clinician maintained the initial hypothesis and diet, but requested three new stool samples, which tested positive for rhabditoid larvae of S. stercoralis. Since the child presented abdominal pain and vomiting, and there was still blood in stools, treatment with thiabendazole was initiated twice a day for two days. Treatment was repeated after seven days along with a new parasitological examination, which was then negative. Comments: Although strongyloidiasis is usually a mild parasitic infection, it may be severe and disseminated in immunocompromised patients. This agent must be considered in patients who live in endemic areas, and the diagnosis should be established by searching S. stercoralis larvae in tracheal secretions and in stools.
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Paula FMD, Malta FM, Corral MA, Marques PD, Gottardi M, Meisel DMCL, Yamashiro J, Pinho JRR, Castilho VLP, Gonçalves EMDN, Gryschek RCB, Chieffi PP. DIAGNOSIS OF Strongyloides stercoralis INFECTION IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS BY SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:63. [PMID: 27680168 PMCID: PMC5048634 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a potentially serious infection in immunocompromised patients.
Thus, the availability of sensitive and specific diagnostic methods is desirable,
especially in the context of immunosuppressed patients in whom the diagnosis and
treatment of strongyloidiasis is of utmost importance. In this study, serological and
molecular tools were used to diagnose Strongyloides stercoralis
infections in immunosuppressed patients. Serum and stool samples were obtained from
52 patients. Stool samples were first analyzed by Lutz, Rugai, and Agar plate culture
methods, and then by a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum
samples were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a
soluble (AS) or a membrane fractions antigen (AM) obtained from alkaline solutions of
the filariform larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis. Of the 52
immunosuppressed patients, three (5.8%) were positive for S.
stercoralis by parasitological methods, compared to two patients (3.8%)
and one patient (1.9%) who were detected by ELISA using the AS and the AM antigens,
respectively. S. stercoralis DNA was amplified in seven (13.5%)
stool samples by qPCR. These results suggest the utility of qPCR as an alternative
diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection in
immunocompromised patients, considering the possible severity of this helminthiasis
in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Martins de Paula
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; .,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Fernanda Mello Malta
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; .,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: ;
| | - Marcelo Andreetta Corral
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Priscilla Duarte Marques
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; .,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Maiara Gottardi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Dirce Mary Correia Lima Meisel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Juliana Yamashiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; .,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina Laboratório de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Tropical. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: ;
| | - Vera Lucia Pagliusi Castilho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Seção de Parasitologia, Divisão de Laboratório Central. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ;
| | - Elenice Messias do Nascimento Gonçalves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Seção de Parasitologia, Divisão de Laboratório Central. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ;
| | - Ronaldo César Borges Gryschek
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; .,Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Investigação Médica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; ;
| | - Pedro Paulo Chieffi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mails: ; ; ; ; .,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Santa Casa. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail:
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Corral MA, Paula FMD, Gottardi M, Meisel DMCL, Castilho VLP, Gonçalves EMDN, Chieffi PP, Gryschek RCB. IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN STRONGYLOIDIASIS: USE OF SIX DIFFERENT ANTIGENIC FRACTIONS FROM Strongyloides venezuelensis PARASITIC FEMALES. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 57:427-30. [PMID: 26603231 PMCID: PMC4660453 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000500010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate six different antigenic fractions from Strongyloides venezuelensis parasitic females for the immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Soluble and membrane fractions from S. venezuelensis parasitic females were prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (SSF and SMF, respectively), Tris-HCl (TSF and TMF, respectively), and an alkaline buffer (ASF and AMF, respectively). Serum samples obtained from patients with strongyloidiasis or, other parasitic diseases, and healthy individuals were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Soluble fractions SSF, TSF, and ASF showed 85.0%, 75.0%, and 80.0% sensitivity and 93.1%, 93.1%, and 87.5% specificity, respectively. Membrane fractions SMF, TMF, and AMF showed 80.0%, 75.0%, and 85.0% sensitivity, and 95.8%, 90.3%, and 91.7% specificity, respectively. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the fractions obtained from parasitic females, especially the SSF and SMF, could be used as alternative antigen sources in the serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maiara Gottardi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Paulo Chieffi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Espírito-Santo MCC, Alvarado-Mora MV, Dias-Neto E, Botelho-Lima LS, Moreira JP, Amorim M, Pinto PLS, Heath AR, Castilho VLP, Gonçalves EMDN, Luna EJDA, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JRR, Gryschek RCB. Evaluation of real-time PCR assay to detect Schistosoma mansoni infections in a low endemic setting. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:558. [PMID: 25338651 PMCID: PMC4210485 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-014-0558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis constitutes a major public health problem, and 200 million people are estimated to be infected with schistosomiasis worldwide. In Brazil, schistosomiasis has been reported in 19 states, showing areas of high and medium endemicity and a wide range of areas of low endemicity (ALE). Barra Mansa in Rio de Janeiro state has an estimated prevalence of 1%. ALE represent a new challenge for the helminth control because about 75% of infected individuals are asymptomatic and infections occur with a low parasite load (<100 eggs per gram of feces), causing a decrease in sensitivity of stool parasitological techniques, which are a reference for the laboratory diagnosis of this helminth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique in serum and feces DNA samples using the techniques of Kato-Katz (KK), Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HH) as references, during an epidemiological survey using fecal samples and sera from randomized residents from an ALE. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted from April to December 2011 using a probabilistic sampling that collected 572 fecal and serum samples. The laboratory diagnostic techniques used were: KK, HH and qPCR (feces and serum). Results We obtained the following results using the different diagnostic techniques: KK and HH, 0.9% (n =5); qPCR-feces, 9.6% (n =55); and qPCR-serum, 1.4% (n =8). The qPCR-feces presented the highest positivity, whereas the techniques of HH and KK were the least sensitive to detect infections (0.8%). Compared to HH and KK, qPCR-feces showed a statistically significant difference in positivity (p <0.05), although with poor agreement. Conclusion The positivity rate presented by the qPCR approach was far higher than that obtained by parasitological techniques. The lack of adequate surveillance in ALE of schistosomiasis indicates a high possibility of these areas being actually of medium and high endemicity. This study presents a control perspective, pointing to the possibility of using combined laboratory tools in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in ALE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0558-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Gonçalves EMDN, Santos CBD, Badaró MLDS, Faria VA, Rodrigues E, Mendes ME, Sumita NM. Modelo de implantação de plano de gerenciamento de resíduos no laboratório clínico. J Bras Patol Med Lab 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-24442011000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gonçalves EMDN. Incidence of enteroparasites with molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in different Brazilian communities. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652007000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gonçalves EMDN, Uemura IH, Orban M, Castilho VLP, Corbett CEP. Microsporidiosis in a Brazilian University Hospital: case report. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2006; 48:351-2. [PMID: 17221134 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652006000600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the report on a patient with chronic diarrhea caused by microsporidia. He is married, infected with HIV and has low CD4 cell count. The diagnosis was established through stool parasite search using concentration methods and Gram - chromotrope staining technique. Ileum biopsy was also performed in this case. The etiological diagnosis may be established in a clinical laboratory, by chromotrope staining technique in routine microscopic examination of stool specimens.
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Gonçalves EMDN, da Silva AJ, Eduardo MBDP, Uemura IH, Moura INS, Castilho VLP, Corbett CEP. Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium hominis associated with diarrhea outbreak in a day care unit in São Paulo. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2006; 61:119-26. [PMID: 16680328 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322006000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A number of species of Cryptosporidium are associated with diarrhea worldwide. Little data exists regarding the genotypes and species of Cryptosporidium associated with cases of infections in Brazil. PURPOSE In the present study, we ascertained by molecular methods the species and the genotype of Cryptosporidium sp from a diarrhea outbreak diagnosed in a day care at the Hospital Clínicas, São Paulo University Medical School. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific identification and typing of the isolates associated with the outbreak was done by DNA sequencing analysis of fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 3 different Cryptosporidium loci: the SSUrRNA coding region, the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene, and the microsatellite locus 1 (ML1), a tandem GAG-trinucleotide repeat containing substitutions that differentiate the genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. RESULTS A total of 29 positive samples from the outbreak were studied by the molecular methods described. Our study revealed the presence of a single genotype of Cryptosporidium hominis in all samples. CONCLUSION The molecular analysis reinforced the hypothesis that the transmission of Cryptosporidium hominis during the period the samples were collected occurred in an outbreak pattern, possibly by person-to-person contact through the fecal-oral route. As far as we know, this is the first time that molecular tools have been used to identify the species and the genotype of isolates showing the presence of the ML1 genotype in samples from Brazilian patients.
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Gonçalves EMDN, Uemura IH, Castilho VLP, Corbett CEP. Retrospective study of the occurrence of Cyclospora cayetanensis at Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo Medical School, SP. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2005; 38:326-30. [PMID: 16082480 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822005000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclospora cayetanensis causes watery diarrhea in tropical countries, among travelers and after ingestion of contaminated water and food. Very little is known about its epidemiology, pathogenic aspects and reservoirs. In Brazil, its prevalence is unknown and to date there have been reports of three outbreaks. We report here a retrospective study of 5,015 stool samples from 4,869 patients attended at Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo Medical School, SP, Brazil between April 1996 and January 2002, with 14 cases of Cyclospora cayetanensis being detected there was a prevalence of 0.3%. Of the 14 infected patients, the mean age was 38 years and 71.4% were female. Ten patients presented symptoms; six presented levels of immunological markers and five patients were immunodeficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenice Messias do Nascimento Gonçalves
- Central Laboratory Division, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455/1 degree andar, sala 1215, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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