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Maleki F, Clark E, Banfield C, Byon W, Nicholas T. Population pharmacokinetic modeling of oral brepocitinib in healthy volunteers and patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:551-562. [PMID: 38332554 PMCID: PMC11015086 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was to characterize the concentration-time profile of brepocitinib plasma concentration after single- and multiple-oral administration in healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases. Blood samples from phase I HV and phase II clinical studies of patients with alopecia areata, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcerative colitis (UC), vitiligo, and hidradenitis suppurativa were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. Effects of patients' characteristics on brepocitinib exposure were investigated. Overall, 8552 brepocitinib plasma concentrations from 775 individuals were included in the analysis. The PKs of brepocitinib were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and a lag time for tablet formulation, dose-dependent bioavailability, and Box-Cox transformed interindividual variabilities on apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central volume of distribution (Vc/F). For a typical 70-kg non-Asian female patient with baseline aspartate aminotransferase of 22 unit/liter, CL/F and Vc/F estimates were 17.5 L/h and 88.5 L, respectively. Asians had a higher exposure (independent of body weight), caused by a 10% lower CL/F when compared to other individuals. Independent of baseline body weight, the male population showed 13% higher Vc/F compared to the female population. Patients with UC were predicted to have 46% slower absorption rate compared to other individuals. The PKs of brepocitinib were well-characterized by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and dose-dependent bioavailability. Several covariates, such as race and sex, were identified to have statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, effects on the estimated PK parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Maleki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalPfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elias Clark
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Christopher Banfield
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalPfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Timothy Nicholas
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalPfizer IncGrotonConnecticutUSA
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Poole K, Chappell D, Brown J, Clark E, Fleming J, Shepstone L, Turmezei T, Wagner A, Willoughby K, Kaptoge S. OP0243 OSTEOPOROSIS CASE-FINDING IN PEOPLE UNDERGOING ROUTINE DIAGNOSTIC CT SCANS ALMOST TRIPLED THE RATE OF OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT AT 12 MONTHS. A RANDOMISED, MULTI-CENTRE FEASIBILITY STUDY USING WAITING ROOM FRAX, OPPORTUNISTIC CT BONE DENSITY AND VERTEBRAL FRACTURE ASSESSMENT VERSUS USUAL CARE. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundUp to 40% of all diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans include views of the spine or hips. Among older people, osteoporosis or vertebral fractures have been found in 30% of such CT scans. Our ‘PHOENIX’ intervention repurposes CT scans taken for other reasons to identify fractures and measure bone density as an ‘added extra’. Early detection and treatment of osteoporosis in CT-attending patients could improve health outcomes.ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility and efficacy of PHOENIX versus usual care in a multi-centre, randomised, pragmatic study conducted in Eastern England involving our Cambridge Specialist Hospital ‘hub’ and four regional General Hospital ‘spokes’.MethodsWomen ≥65 and men ≥75 years attending for routine diagnostic CT scans were invited to participate via a novel consent form incorporating FRAX Fracture Risk Assessment questions. After calculating their FRAX 10-year risk score, higher risk patients were block randomised (1:1:1) to Group 1) PHOENIX intervention, 2) Active Control, where the GP was sent the patients’ FRAX answers only, or 3) Usual Care where data were only analysed after 13 months had elapsed. The CT scans of high FRAX risk patients in Group 1 were retrieved by the Cambridge team using NHS Connecting for Health (Burnbank, UK). The team performed vertebral fracture assessment and measured bone density using QCT Pro (Mindways, USA). They added patient-specific treatment and investigation management advice from ‘drop down’ menus before results were reviewed by a physician, authorised and sent to general practitioners (GPs). Baseline CT scans from groups 2 and 3 were assessed in the same way after 13 months to ensure no patient with osteoporosis/fractures was neglected long term. Assuming 25% attrition, the study was powered to find a superior osteoporosis treatment rate in Group 1 (estimated 20%) versus 16% (Active Control) and 5% (Usual Care). Co-primary feasibility endpoints were the ability to a) randomise 375 patients within 10 months and b) retain 75% of survivors able to complete a 1-year bone health outcome questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included osteoporosis/vertebral fracture identification rates and osteoporosis treatment rates. Stakeholder acceptability and economic aspects will be reported separately.ResultsFrom 1828 invites, 595 participants consented to participate of whom 213 were excluded due to ‘low’ FRAX score. Mortality at 12 months was 20%. Both feasibility objectives were achieved: 1) 382 people were randomised within 10 months; 2) 84.4% of survivors at 1 year (95%CI: 80.5, 88.3) were successfully followed-up. Groups were well matched at baseline. The average age of 375 patients (334 female, 41 male) was 75.2 years (74.6, 75.9). Osteoporosis of the hip/spine was present in 41% of 362 analysable CT scans. From the 264 spines that were suitable for VFA, 20% (n=53) were found to have vertebral fractures, with 8.3% having multiple vertebral fractures (n=22). Osteoporosis treatment was reported in 8.5% of Usual Care group (2.9, 14.2) and 24.2% (15.4, 33.0) of PHOENIX group participants, while in the Active Control group (FRAX only) it was 18.8% (10.9, 26.6 p=0.021). In the PHOENIX group, a recommendation to treat was sent to 50 patients’ GPs at baseline. Only 18 of the 50 patients (36%) were found to be taking osteoporosis treatment 12 months after this advice was sent.ConclusionOsteoporosis treatment rates were almost tripled by screening patients attending for routine diagnostic CT scans with waiting room FRAX, CT-bone densitometry and vertebral fracture analysis.AcknowledgementsThis project is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Research for Patient Benefit (RfPB) Programme (Grant Reference Number PB-PG-0816-20027) and by the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. Funding is in place to 31.03.2022. Three individuals, Mr Jeremy Dearling, Mrs Tessa Plume and Dr Ann Frost joined our trial group as PPI representatives; they were specifically involved in patient documentation design (particularly the PHOENIX pack, informed consent form which facilitated consent without having a researcher present) and contributed to suggestions for increasing patient recruitment and follow up.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Bennett SE, Gooberman-Hill R, Clark E, Paskins Z, Walsh N, Drew S. POS1514-HPR UNDERSTANDING AND CHARACTERISING PATIENT PATHWAYS TO TREATMENT FOR VERTEBRAL FRACTURES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundOsteoporosis involves thinning of the bones, making them more prone to break. The most common osteoporotic fracture is a vertebral fracture (OVF). People with OVFs are at high risk of further fractures. To reduce this risk, guidelines recommend prescription of bone protection therapies to people who have experienced a fracture. However, many patients do not receive diagnosis. Understanding patient pathways to treatment for OVFs will provide information to improve practice and aid in effective identification and management.ObjectivesTo understand and characterise patient pathways to treatment for OVFs.MethodsTwenty-three semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with patients aged ≥50 years with diagnosis of OVF. Patients were recruited through two hospitals in England and were purposively sampled to capture variation in pathways to diagnosis, sex, age, comorbidities and other relevant characteristics. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically, with themes transposed onto key stages of the patient pathway.ResultsSeveral factors influenced patient pathways to treatment:Patient appraisal and self-management: Characteristics and attitudes towards back pain impacted treatment-seeking behaviour. Patients who appraised their pain as ‘different’, severe or disruptive, or associated with an injury such as a fall, were more likely to seek help. Limited availability of information about OVFs and risk factors meant most patients did not associate symptoms with a potential OVF. Factors contributing to delayed consultation included the normalisation of back pain and prioritisation of comorbid conditions. Several misappraised their symptoms as a “pulled muscle” or other minor injury. Many adopted strategies to manage pain, including use of painkillers, lying flat or resting. For some, a lack of improvement in symptoms over time, combined with worsening pain, created a ‘tipping point’ in seeking care. There was a moral dimension for some patients who did not want to “bother” healthcare professionals.Healthcare professional appraisal: Differential diagnosis was a barrier to treatment and healthcare professionals interpreted OVF pain as broken ribs, muscular pain, kidney pain or sciatica. GPs tended to instigate watchful waiting, in which patients were asked to re-consult if pain did not improve. Feeling disbelieved caused some patients to become disillusioned and reluctant to re-consult and a small number of patients presented at Accident and Emergency. Those already having treatment for musculoskeletal conditions with access to specialist care, were more likely to receive timely diagnosis.Communication of diagnosis: Patients discussed multiple methods of communication, including written communication and clinical conversations. Several expressed confusion around the use of unfamiliar medical terminology, the implications of OVFs, how many OVFs they had experienced and how they had been identified.Treatment initiation: Bone protection therapies were not consistently prescribed after diagnosis. Patients who were familiar with these therapies were unsure whether treatment should be initiated in primary or secondary care. Patients described how they felt a need to be proactive by arranging appointments and asking for treatment.ConclusionThe study provides novel findings about patient pathways to treatment and will be used to identify targeted solutions to improve management of OVFs. This work addresses stages of the Model of Pathways to Treatment[1] and provides detailed understanding of patients’ experiences of these stages. Further work with healthcare professionals in primary care is underway to identify additional system-level factors that may impact patients’ journeys to treatment.References[1]Scott, S.E., et al., The model of pathways to treatment: conceptualization and integration with existing theory. Br J Health Psychol, 2013. 18(1): p. 45-65.AcknowledgementsThis study is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research for Patient Benefit (RfPB) programme NIHR201523. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Khan H, Connolly T, Loh MY, Clark E. Duodenal volvulus: a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 104:e102-e104. [PMID: 34846192 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small bowel volvulus is a rare but life-threatening emergency. Volvulus of the duodenum is even rarer without the presence of predisposing factors. The clinical presentation is vague, including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, prompt diagnosis of volvulus therefore relies heavily on radiographs. The treatment options lie between conservative or surgical management, where the decision is influenced by the patient and their presentation. This case is of a 100-year-old female with an extensive surgical and medical background presenting with signs of small bowel obstruction. With the help of imaging, a rare case of duodenal volvulus was diagnosed but managed conservatively due to the patient's background, age and personal wishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khan
- Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - M-Y Loh
- Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - E Clark
- Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Siqueira IF, Clark E, Neil-Sztramko SE, Belita E, Dobbins M. Informing policy on school and daycare operations during COVID-19 with a living rapid evidence review. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To support evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) for safe re-opening and operation of schools and daycares, the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) has maintained since May 2020 a living rapid review answering the following question: “What is the role of schools and daycares in COVID-19 transmission”. Traditional rapid review methodology was modified for the COVID-19 context. This presentation will describe the global reach and usefulness of this living rapid review.
Methods
Following completion of each update of the living rapid review, findings were disseminated broadly with the aim of informing policy and public health practice. Key dissemination strategies include e-mails to key contacts and a subscriber list; highlight in a monthly newsletter; media outreach; and social media. The review's reach was analyzed using Google Analytics, citation tracking, and qualitative feedback.
Results
Between May 2020 and April 2021, the living review has been updated 14 times. The posted review has been viewed over 5000 times across 46 countries. The review has been cited and indexed in over 40 sources, including key governmental and non-governmental reports and guidelines. The NCCMT has received positive qualitative feedback on the review's value in informing the public health response related to schools and daycares in various jurisdictions across Canada. Key stakeholders have expanded the review's reach organically as they use the evidence in practice and share the review with their networks.
Lessons
Using a living rapid review to continuously provide high-quality synthesized evidence amidst the evolving COVID-19 research literature demonstrates a responsive approach to decision makers' requests for evidence. An emerging challenge is reaching the proper stakeholders responsible for EIDM, particularly during public health emergencies with many competing high-priority questions and decisions to be made.
Key messages
As the evidence landscape changes due to a surge in literature, evidence-informed decision making can be supported by rapid but rigorous syntheses that evaluate quality and emerging recommendations. A long-standing, trusting relationship with decision makers is key to optimizing living rapid review methodology to meet the evidence needs of decision makers despite the changing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- IF Siqueira
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, Canada
| | - E Clark
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, Canada
| | - SE Neil-Sztramko
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, Canada
| | - E Belita
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, Hamilton, Canada
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Moura I, Spittal W, Clark E, Ewin D, Altringham J, Fumero E, Grada A, Wilcox M, Buckley A. 224 Profiling the effects of acne therapeutics, including the novel narrow-spectrum antibiotic sarecycline, on the human microbiota. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carlo‐Stella C, Hutchings M, Offner FC, Morschhauser F, Bachy E, Crump M, Sureda A, Iacoboni G, Haioun C, Perez‐Callejo D, Lundberg L, Relf J, Clark E, Carlile D, Piccione E, Belousov A, Humphrey K, Dickinson MJ. GLOFITAMAB STEP‐UP DOSING: UPDATED EFFICACY DATA SHOW HIGH COMPLETE RESPONSE RATES IN HEAVILY PRETREATED RELAPSED/REFRACTORY (R/R) NON‐HODGKIN LYMPHOMA (NHL) PATIENTS. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.15_2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Carlo‐Stella
- Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital Department of Biomedical Sciences Milan Italy
| | - M Hutchings
- Rigshospitalet Department of Hematology and Phase 1 Unit Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. C Offner
- Universitair Ziekenhuis Gent Department of Hematology Gent Belgium
| | - F Morschhauser
- Hôpital Claude Huriez and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille Department of Hematology Lille France
| | - E Bachy
- Hospices Civils de Lyon and Université Claude Bernard Department of Hematology Pierre‐Bénite France
| | - M Crump
- Princess Margaret Hospital Department of Medical Oncology Toronto Canada
| | - A Sureda
- Institut Català d'Oncologia Hospitalet IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona Department of Clinical Haematology Barcelona Spain
| | - G Iacoboni
- Vall d’Hebron University Hospital Department of Hematology Barcelona Spain
| | - C Haioun
- Hopital Henri Mondor, AP‐HP Lymphoid Malignancies Unit Créteil France
| | - D Perez‐Callejo
- N F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd Clinical Science ‐ Product Development Hematology Basel Switzerland
| | - L Lundberg
- N F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd Clinical Science ‐ Product Development Hematology Basel Switzerland
| | - J Relf
- Roche Products Ltd Clinical Safety ‐ Product Development Safety Welwyn Garden City UK
| | - E Clark
- Roche Products Ltd Product Development Biostatistics Welwyn Garden City UK
| | - D Carlile
- Roche Products Ltd Clinical Pharmacology, Pharma Research and Early Development Welwyn Garden City UK
| | - E Piccione
- Genentech, Inc Oncology Biomarker Development South San Francisco USA
| | - A Belousov
- F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd Product Development Biostatistics Basel Switzerland
| | - K Humphrey
- Roche Products Ltd Clinical Science ‐ Product Development Hematology Welwyn Garden City UK
| | - M. J Dickinson
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne Clinical Haematology Melbourne Australia
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Harris HC, Buckley AM, Spittal W, Ewin D, Clark E, Altringham J, Bentley K, Moura IB, Wilcox MH, Woodford N, Davies K, Chilton CH. The effect of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis on growth and detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales within an in vitro gut model. J Hosp Infect 2021; 113:1-9. [PMID: 33932556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) can colonize the gut and are of major clinical concern. Identification of CPE colonization is problematic; there is no gold-standard detection method, and the effects of antibiotic exposure and microbiota dysbiosis on detection are unknown. AIM Based on a national survey we selected four CPE screening assays in common use. We used a clinically reflective in vitro model of human gut microbiota to investigate the performance of each test to detect three different CPE strains under different, clinically relevant antibiotic exposures. METHODS Twelve gut models were seeded with a pooled faecal slurry and exposed to CPE either before, after, concomitant with, or in the absence of piperacillin-tazobactam (358 mg/L, 3 × daily, seven days). Total Enterobacterales and CPE populations were enumerated daily. Regular screening for CPE was performed using Cepheid Xpert® Carba-R molecular test, and with Brilliance™ CRE, Colorex™ mSuperCARBA and CHROMID® CARBA SMART agars. FINDINGS Detection of CPE when the microbiota are intact is problematic. Antibiotic exposure disrupts microbiota populations and allows CPE proliferation, increasing detection. The performances of assays varied, particularly with respect to different CPE strains. The Cepheid assay performed better than the three agar methods for detecting a low level of CPE within an intact microbiota, although performance of all screening methods was comparable when CPE populations increased in a disrupted microbiota. CONCLUSION CPE strains differed in their dynamics of colonization in an in vitro gut model and in their subsequent response to antibiotic exposure. This affected detection by molecular and screening methods, which has implications for the sensitivity of CPE screening in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Harris
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A M Buckley
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - W Spittal
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Ewin
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E Clark
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J Altringham
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - K Bentley
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - I B Moura
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M H Wilcox
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, The General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - N Woodford
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI), Reference Unit, Microbiology Services - Colindale, Public Health England, UK
| | - K Davies
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, The General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - C H Chilton
- Heath Care Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Magner K, Ilin J, Clark E, King J, Davis A, Hiremath S. POS-039 N-Acetylcysteine and Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis exploring the Heterogeneity, Publication Bias and Small Study effects. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Clark E, Tullo D, Bertone A. Perceptual reasoning skills mediate the relationship between attention and math proficiency in individuals with a neurodevelopmental condition. Res Dev Disabil 2021; 111:103880. [PMID: 33556699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important component of academic success in typically developing students is the development of math skills, which is associated with attention and perceptual reasoning (PR) skills. For children with a neurodevelopmental condition (NDC), the relationship is confounded by diagnostic-specific cognitive characteristics. Specifically, enhanced PR is specific to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). AIMS The purpose of this study was to test: (i) a mediation model where PR skills would mediate the relationship between attention and math proficiency for students with an NCD, and (ii) whether this mediation model is moderated by a diagnostic profile. METHODS AND PROCEDURES One hundred and thirty-seven students with an NDC participated in a school-based study examining the effectiveness of using a standardized measure of attention in predicting math capabilities. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS PR mediated the relationship between attention and math proficiency for students diagnosed with an NDC. However, the model was not moderated by diagnostic profile. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results of this study provide a better understanding of the roles of higher-level cognitive ability specific to students with NDCs. Additionally, the superior PR skills demonstrated by the ASD sample further supports the research suggesting this population possesses cognitive strengths in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clark
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab for Autism and Development, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Canada.
| | - D Tullo
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab for Autism and Development, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - A Bertone
- Perceptual Neuroscience Lab for Autism and Development, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Canada
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Akbari A, Kunkel E, Bota S, Harel Z, Le Gal G, Cox C, Hundemer G, Canney M, Clark E, Massicotte-Azarinouch D, Eddeen A, Knoll G, Sood M. POS-468 PROTEINURIA AND VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN PREGNANCY: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Patton DE, Pearce CJ, Cartwright M, Smith F, Cadogan CA, Ryan C, Clark E, Francis JJ, Hughes CM. A non-randomised pilot study of the Solutions for Medication Adherence Problems (S-MAP) intervention in community pharmacies to support older adults adhere to multiple medications. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:18. [PMID: 33413650 PMCID: PMC7788279 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients prescribed multiple medications commonly experience difficulties with adherence. High-quality evidence on interventions targeting older patients is lacking. Theory is rarely used to tailor adherence solutions. This study aimed to pilot test a novel intervention, developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework, which guides community pharmacists in identifying adherence barriers and delivering tailored solutions (behaviour change techniques). Key study procedures (e.g. recruitment, data collection) for a future randomised controlled trial (cRCT) were also assessed. METHODS Using purposive sampling, this non-randomised pilot study aimed to recruit 12 community pharmacies (six in Northern Ireland; six in London, England). Pharmacists were trained to deliver the intervention to non-adherent older patients (maximum 10 per pharmacy; target n = 60-120) aged ≥ 65 years (reduced to 50 years due to recruitment challenges) and prescribed ≥ 4 regular medicines. The intervention, guided by an iPad web-application, was delivered over 3-4 face-to-face or telephone sessions, tailored to specific barriers to adherence. We assessed the feasibility of collecting adherence data (primary outcome: self-report and dispensing records), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and unplanned hospitalisations (secondary outcomes) at baseline and 6-months. The final decision on progressing to a cRCT, using pre-defined 'stop-amend-go' criteria, is presented. RESULTS Fifteen pharmacists from 12 pharmacies were recruited and trained. One pharmacy subsequently dropped out. Sixty patients were recruited (meeting the 'Amend' progression criteria), with 56 receiving the intervention. Adherence barriers were identified for 55 patients (98%) and a wide range of behaviour change solutions delivered (median: 5 per patient). Self-report and dispensing adherence data were available for 37 (61.7%) and 44 (73.3%) patients, respectively. HRQOL data were available for 35 (58.3%) patients. GP-reported and self-reported hospitalisations data were available for 47 (78.3%) and 23 (38.3%) patients, respectively. All progression concepts were met (nine 'Go' and three 'Amend' criteria). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of key study procedures (e.g. pharmacy recruitment) and delivery of a tailored adherence intervention in community pharmacies. However, modifications are required to enhance issues identified with patient recruitment, retention and missing data. A future definitive cRCT will explore the effectiveness of the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN73831533 , Registered 12 January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Patton
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - C. J. Pearce
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - M. Cartwright
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - F. Smith
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - C. A. Cadogan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Ryan
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E. Clark
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - J. J. Francis
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - C. M. Hughes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Hilger C, Clark E, Swiontek K, Chiriac AM, Caimmi DP, Demoly P, Bourrain JL. Anaphylaxis to Bovine Serum Albumin Tissue Adhesive in a Non–Meat-Allergic Patient. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020; 30:369-371. [DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Clark E, Snelling S, Beyers J, Howarth C, Neil-Sztramko S, Dobbins M. A new tool to assess community-level evidence to inform public health decision making. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
As public health responds to evolving challenges around the globe, it is critical to draw on community-level evidence to inform decisions on emerging needs. There are existing tools for assessing the quality of research evidence, but none that explicitly focus on quality assessment of evidence from community sources, including local health status and ever-changing community and political preferences and actions.
Methods
The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) in Canada has developed new tools, called Quality Assessment of Community Evidence (QACE), to help public health decision makers assess the quality of community evidence. The QACE tools were drafted through extensive review of existing frameworks, tools and measures for appraising population health and community evidence, and diverse key informants. We identified three consistent themes that became the core dimensions in these tools. By using the QACE tools, practitioners can answer the question: “Is the quality of this evidence about local context, community needs and political preferences good enough to influence decision making?”
Results
The QACE tools provide probing questions for each of three dimensions: relevant, trustworthy and equity-informed. Supplementary resources help users delve more deeply into different aspects of quality assessment. The QACE tools are intended for public health practitioners who provide and use evidence to support or make decisions about public health practice and policy, including public health practitioners, senior leaders, policy makers and funders.
Conclusions
The QACE tool is a new addition to the public health toolbox for evidence-informed decision making, providing questions to ask about evidence from community sources. By using the tool as part of a decision-making process, public health practitioners can be assured that their decisions are based on the best-available evidence for their communities.
Key messages
The new Quality Assessment of Community Evidence (QACE) tools fill the gap in assessing quality of community-level evidence for public health decision-makers. Community evidence, including local health status and needs and community and political preferences and actions, should be assessed for quality in three critical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clark
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Snelling
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - J Beyers
- Jo Beyers Consulting, Thessalon, Canada
| | - C Howarth
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Neil-Sztramko
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Clark E, Neil-Sztramko S, Dobbins M. Enhancing partnerships and collaboration in times of change. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
In 2019, the government of the Canadian province of Ontario announced major changes to the structure, governance and funding of public health services. Throughout these changes, publicly funded local and regional public health organizations are still expected to provide effective, evidence-informed programming to their communities. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) has facilitated collaborations to support Ontario public health through this transition.
Description of the problem
In order to support evidence-informed public health in Ontario during this transition, the NCCMT reached out to current and potential partners, within and beyond the public health sector for a multidisciplinary approach. We conducted a needs assessment for an evidence review repository, which would allow public health practitioners to share and build upon each other's work. Finally, demonstrating the value of public health to policymakers can be inherently challenging as the return on investment in public health is often very long term. We partnered with health units in varying capacities to find and synthesize evidence to advocate for continued investment in public health.
Results
This initiative has provided important lessons in developing and maintaining strong partnerships. Looking beyond the public health sector can establish mutually beneficial partners and allies in other disciplines. A key finding was the need to establish infrastructure to support collaboration and resource sharing. Finally, we learned that big picture questions like demonstrating the value of public health require many different perspectives, inputs and areas of expertise.
Lessons
Through this initiative, we have developed a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to supporting evidence-informed public health through times of major restructuring. This approach can be applied to future changes to public health on smaller or larger scales, or within other geographic regions.
Key messages
Multidisciplinary approaches can support collaboration, unity and advocacy in times of change. Establishing infrastructure to support collaboration and sharing of resources is valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clark
- Enhancing partnerships and collaboration in times of change, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Neil-Sztramko
- Enhancing partnerships and collaboration in times of change, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Dobbins
- Enhancing partnerships and collaboration in times of change, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Huddle C, Hirsch H, Kasay C, Beverley M, Mochel J, Clark E, Sharry B. Better Nutrition, Better Care: An Initiative to Improve Early Identification and Intervention of Malnutrition in Pediatric Oncology and BMT Patients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Clark E, Neil-Sztramko S, Dobbins M. The NCCMT’s dynamic model for evidence-informed public health. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
It is well accepted that public health decision makers should use the best available research evidence in their decision-making process. However, research evidence alone is insufficient to inform public health decision making.
Description of the problem
As new challenges to public health emerge, there can be a paucity of high quality research evidence to inform decisions on new topics. Public health decision makers must combine various sources of evidence with their public health expertise to make evidence-informed decisions. The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) has developed a model which combines research evidence with other critical sources of evidence that can help guide decision makers in evidence-informed decision making.
Results
The NCCMT's model for evidence-informed public health combines findings from research evidence with local data and context, community and political preferences and actions and evidence on available resources. The model has been widely used across Canada and worldwide, and has been integrated into many public health organizations' decision-making processes. The model is also used for teaching an evidence-informed public health approach in Masters of Public Health programs around the globe. The model provides a structured approach to integrating evidence from several critical sources into public health decision making. Use of the model helps ensure that important research, contextual and preference information is sought and incorporated.
Lessons
Next steps for the model include development of a tool to facilitate synthesis of evidence across all four domains. Although Indigenous knowledges are relevant for public health decision making and should be considered as part of a complete assessment the current model does not capture Indigenous knowledges.
Key messages
Decision making in public health requires integrating the best available evidence, including research findings, local data and context, community and political preferences and available resources. The NCCMT’s model for evidence-informed public health provides a structured approach to integrating evidence from several critical sources into public health decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clark
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Neil-Sztramko
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Dobbins
- National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Mintoff D, Camilleri L, Aquilina S, Boffa MJ, Clark E, Scerri L. Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa in Malta: comparison with established epidemiological data. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:758-759. [PMID: 32367586 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Mintoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, Floriana, Malta
| | - L Camilleri
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - S Aquilina
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, Floriana, Malta
| | - M J Boffa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, Floriana, Malta
| | - E Clark
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, Floriana, Malta
| | - L Scerri
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sir Paul Boffa Hospital, Floriana, Malta
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Patton DE, Francis JJ, Clark E, Smith F, Cadogan CA, Ryan C, Hughes CM. A pilot study of the S-MAP (Solutions for Medications Adherence Problems) intervention for older adults prescribed polypharmacy in primary care: study protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:116. [PMID: 31719999 PMCID: PMC6806512 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adhering to multiple medications as prescribed is challenging for older patients (aged ≥ 65 years) and a difficult behaviour to improve. Previous interventions designed to address this have been largely complex in nature but have shown limited effectiveness and have rarely used theory in their design. It has been recognised that theory (‘a systematic way of understanding events or situations’) can guide intervention development and help researchers better understand how complex adherence interventions work. This pilot study aims to test a novel community pharmacy-based intervention that has been systematically developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (12-domain version) of behaviour change. Methods As part of a non-randomised pilot study, pharmacists in 12 community pharmacies across Northern Ireland (n = 6) and London, England (n = 6), will be trained to deliver the intervention to older patients who are prescribed ≥ 4 regular medicines and are non-adherent (self-reported). Ten patients will be recruited per pharmacy (n = 120) and offered up to four tailored one-to-one sessions, in the pharmacy or via telephone depending on their adherence, over a 3–4-month period. Guided by an electronic application (app) on iPads, the intervention content will be tailored to each patient’s underlying reasons for non-adherence and mapped to the most appropriate solutions using established behaviour change techniques. This study will assess the feasibility of collecting data on the primary outcome of medication adherence (self-report and dispensing data) and secondary outcomes (health-related quality of life and unplanned hospitalisations). An embedded process evaluation will assess training fidelity for pharmacy staff, intervention fidelity, acceptability to patients and pharmacists and the intervention’s mechanism of action. Process evaluation data will include audio-recordings of training workshops, intervention sessions, feedback interviews and patient surveys. Analysis will be largely descriptive. Discussion Using pre-defined progression criteria, the findings from this pilot study will guide the decision whether to proceed to a cluster randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of the S-MAP intervention in comparison to usual care in community pharmacies. The study will also explore how the intervention components may work to bring about change in older patients’ adherence behaviour and guide further refinement of the intervention and study procedures. Trial registration This study is registered at ISRCTN: 10.1186/ISRCTN73831533
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Patton
- 1School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - J J Francis
- 2School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - E Clark
- 2School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
| | - F Smith
- 3School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - C A Cadogan
- 4School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Ryan
- 5School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C M Hughes
- 1School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Ballas L, Aron M, Xiong Y, McCarthy S, Phuong C, Sali A, Chen M, Clark E, Tsao-Wei D, Dorff T, Bhanvadia S, Magliocco A, Daneshmand S. Can Bladder Cancer Biomarkers from Patients Undergoing Cystectomy Predict the Need for Adjuvant Radiotherapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Rooney CM, Sheppard AE, Clark E, Davies K, Hubbard ATM, Sebra R, Crook DW, Walker AS, Wilcox MH, Chilton CH. Dissemination of multiple carbapenem resistance genes in an in vitro gut model simulating the human colon. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 74:1876-1883. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C M Rooney
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
- University of Leeds, Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
| | - A E Sheppard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
| | - E Clark
- University of Leeds, Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
| | - K Davies
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
- University of Leeds, Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
| | - A T M Hubbard
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - R Sebra
- Icahn Institute and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - D W Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
| | - A S Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at University of Oxford in partnership with Public Health England, Oxford, UK
| | - M H Wilcox
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
- University of Leeds, Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
| | - C H Chilton
- University of Leeds, Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Thoresby Place, Leeds, UK
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22
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Clark E, Foster Page LA, Larkins K, Leon de la Barra S, Murray Thomson W. Caries-preventive efficacy of a supervised school toothbrushing programme in Northland, New Zealand. Community Dent Health 2019; 36:9-16. [PMID: 30667188 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_4337clark08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste reduces the incidence of dental caries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate a supervised school toothbrushing programme to reduce dental caries experience in children. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Quasi-experimental study. All children had routine dental examinations at baseline using the ICDAS to record dental caries, along with bitewing radiographs. Half of the children were involved in a supervised toothbrushing programme. Examinations were repeated at the end of the school year. CLINICAL SETTING Northland, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS 335 10-13-year-old New Zealand children with high caries experience. INTERVENTIONS Half of the children participated in the supervised toothbrushing session each school day; the other half had no intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Caries increment, determined by comparing the baseline and follow-up status of each tooth surface. RESULTS At baseline, there were 335 children, of whom 240 (71.6%) were followed up. The ICDAS net caries increment for those in the toothbrushing group was a mean of 11.7 surfaces improved; the control group had a mean of 8.6 surfaces which had deteriorated. Caries incidence for those in the toothbrushing group was 7.3%; that for the control group was 71.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that membership of the brushing group was the only statistically significant predictor of a lower net caries increment. CONCLUSION A supervised school toothbrushing programme can reduce caries increment in a population experiencing high levels of dental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clark
- Oral Health Service, Northland District Health Board, Whangarei Base Hospital, Private Bag 9742, Whangarei 0148
| | - L A Foster Page
- Associate Professor of Dental Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054
| | - K Larkins
- Assistant service manager, Oral Health Service, Northland District Health Board, Whangarei Base Hospital, Private Bag 9742, Whangarei 0148
| | - S Leon de la Barra
- Consultant Biostatistician, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054
| | - W Murray Thomson
- Professor of Dental Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054
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Indorewalla K, Sugarman M, Daley R, Clark E, Scoglio A, O’Connor M. A - 17The Aging Well Through Interaction and Scientific Education (AgeWISE) Program: Examining Changes in Attitudes Toward Cognitive Aging in Older Veterans at Six-Month Follow-Up. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy061.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bines J, de Azambuja E, Zardavas D, Procter M, Restuccia E, Viale G, Suter T, Arahmani A, van Dooren V, Clark E, Eng-Wong J, Gelber R, Piccart M, von Minckwitz G, Baselga J. Abstract P1-13-07: Incidence and management of diarrhea with adjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in HER2-Positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-13-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diarrhea is the most commonly reported adverse event (AE) on pertuzumab (Ptz) in both early and metastatic breast cancer (BC) settings. We report safety analyses of diarrhea from the large adjuvant APHINTY study in HER2 positive early breast cancer (EBC).
Patients and methods
In this exploratory analysis, the safety population included 2364 patients in the Ptz arm and 2405 in the placebo (Pla) arm. No specific prophylaxis was mandated by the protocol, however early intervention with loperamide as well as fluid and electrolyte replacement was recommended. Diarrhea incidence, severity (NCI-CTCAE v4.0), onset and management were analyzed.
Results
Diarrhea was the most common AE in the Ptz arm (71.3% vs. 45.2% in the Pla arm) and the events were mostly G1. Diarrhea ≥G3 was observed in 9.8% and 3.7% in Ptz and Pla arms, respectively. The highest incidence was reported during administration of HER2 targeted therapy and taxane (61.4% vs. 33.8% with Ptz and Pla, respectively) with a marked decrease observed upon chemotherapy cessation (18.1% vs. 9.2% with Ptz and Pla, respectively). The median time from first targeted treatment to onset of diarrhea during the chemotherapy phase was 7 and 10 days (Ptz/Pla). On average, diarrhea events lasted longer in the Ptz than in the Pla arm (median 8 vs. 6 days). Diarrhea events were more frequent with the administration of docetaxel + carboplatin and targeted agents, irrespective of the severity. Detailed results are reported in Table 1.
Conclusions
In the curative setting, diarrhea due to Ptz was mild, generally manageable with common antidiarrheals and did not affect patients' ability to receive treatment. The APHINITY findings are consistent with the well-characterized pattern of pertuzumab-related diarrhea across the HER2 BC spectrum.
Diarrhea incidence, severity (NCI-CTCAE v4.0), onset and management Ptz, n=2364Pla, n=2405Incidence and severityTotal number of patients with at least one adverse event$1685 (71.3%)1086 (45.2%)Total number of events$34151792NCI CTC AE Grade (highest grade per patient)!n1683 (71.2%)1085 (45.1%)Grade 1829 (35.1%)690 (28.7%)Grade 2622 (26.3%)305 (12.7%)Grade 3229 (9.7%)90 (3.7%)Grade 43 (0.1%)0Onset and duration$Median time (days) from 1st HER2 targeted treatment to onset (min-max)7 (1 – 358)10 (1 - 384)Median Duration (days) of each event (min-max)8 (1 - 811)6 (1 - 1022)ManagementAntidiarrheals$898 (38.0%)386 (16.0%)Dose modification* of any study drug!210 (8.9%)74 (3.1%)Dose modification* of HER2 targeted treatment!69 (2.9%)18 (0.7%)Discontinuation of any study drug!38 (1.6%)7 (0.3%)Discontinuation of HER2 Targeted treatment!20 (0.8%)2 (<0.1%)$ Based on a basket of preferred terms for diarrhea ! Based only on the preferred term diarrhea * Includes dose reductions (chemotherapy only), delays or interruptions during infusion
Citation Format: Bines J, de Azambuja E, Zardavas D, Procter M, Restuccia E, Viale G, Suter T, Arahmani A, van Dooren V, Clark E, Eng-Wong J, Gelber R, Piccart M, von Minckwitz G, Baselga J. Incidence and management of diarrhea with adjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in HER2-Positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bines
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - E de Azambuja
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - D Zardavas
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - M Procter
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - E Restuccia
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - G Viale
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - T Suter
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - A Arahmani
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - V van Dooren
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - E Clark
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - J Eng-Wong
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - R Gelber
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - M Piccart
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - G von Minckwitz
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - J Baselga
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Breast European Adjuvant Study Team (BrEAST) Data Center, Brussels, Belgium; Breast International Group (BIG), Brussels, Belgium; Frontier Science (Scotland), Kincraig, United Kingdom; Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Roche Pharma, Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Genentech, San Francisco; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston; Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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Grell WA, Solis-Ramos E, Clark E, Lucon E, Garboczi EJ, Predecki PK, Loftus Z, Kumosa M. Effect of powder oxidation on the impact toughness of electron beam melt Ti-6Al-4V. Acta Mater 2017; 17:123-134. [PMID: 38496266 PMCID: PMC10941301 DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Powder quality in additive manufacturing (AM) electron beam melt (EBM) of Ti-6Al-4V components is crucial in determining the critical material properties of the end item. In this study, we report on the effect of powder oxidation on the Charpy impact energy of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured using EBM. In addition to oxidation, the effects on impact energy due to hot isostatic pressing (HIP), specimen orientation, and EBM process defects were also investigated. This research has shown that excessive powder oxidation (oxygen mass fraction above 0.25 % and up to 0.46 %) dramatically decreases the impact energy. It was determined that the room temperature impact energy of the parts after excessive oxidation was reduced by about seven times. We also report that HIP post-processing significantly increases the impact toughness, especially for specimens with lower or normal oxygen content. The specimen orientation effect was found to be more significant for low oxidation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Grell
- NSF Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
- Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Littleton, CO 80125
| | - E Solis-Ramos
- NSF Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
| | - E Clark
- NSF Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
| | - E Lucon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - E J Garboczi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - P K Predecki
- NSF Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
| | - Z Loftus
- Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Littleton, CO 80125
| | - M Kumosa
- NSF Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
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Clark E, Daley R, Sugarman M, Scoglio A, O'Connor M. A-03Differential Encoding Strategies Following Cognitive Intervention in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx076.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tomita M, Olewnik A, Ghosh D, Ahrens L, Clark E, Grzebinski K, Haering C. NOVEL ACCURATE APPROACH TOWARD PREDCTING FRAIL OLDER ADULTS’ FALLS WITHIN THREE MONTHS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Tomita
- Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York,
| | - A. Olewnik
- Mechanical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - D. Ghosh
- Mechanical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - L. Ahrens
- Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York,
| | - E. Clark
- Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York,
| | - K. Grzebinski
- Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York,
| | - C. Haering
- Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York,
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Clark E, Lumsdaine A, Ekici K, Ruggles A. Computational Investigation of the Thermal-Hydraulic Performance for Twisted Tape Enabled High Heat Flux Components. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1333823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Clark
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - A. Lumsdaine
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - K. Ekici
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - A. Ruggles
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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Collins TA, Hattersley MM, Yates J, Clark E, Mondal M, Mettetal JT. Translational Modeling of Drug-Induced Myelosuppression and Effect of Pretreatment Myelosuppression for AZD5153, a Selective BRD4 Inhibitor. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017; 6:357-364. [PMID: 28378926 PMCID: PMC5488126 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we evaluate the potential risk of thrombocytopenia in man for a BRD4 inhibitor, AZD5153, based on the platelet count decreases from a Han Wistar rat study. The effects in rat were modeled and used to make clinical predictions for human populations with healthy baseline blood counts. At doses >10 mg, a dose-dependent effect on circulating platelets is expected, with similar predicted changes for both q.d. and b.i.d. dose schedules. These results suggest that at predicted efficacious doses, AZD5153 is likely to have some reductions in the clinical platelet counts, but within the normal range at projected efficacious doses. The model was then extended to incorporate preexisting myelosuppression where bone marrow function is inhibited by acute myeloid leukemia. Under these conditions, duration of platelet count recovery has the potential to be prolonged due to drug-induced myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Collins
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jwt Yates
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Clark
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Mondal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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Timmis J, Alden K, Andrews P, Clark E, Nellis A, Naylor B, Coles M, Kaye P. Building confidence in quantitative systems pharmacology models: An engineer's guide to exploring the rationale in model design and development. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017; 6:156-167. [PMID: 27863172 PMCID: PMC5351409 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial promotes good practice for exploring the rationale of systems pharmacology models. A safety systems engineering inspired notation approach provides much needed rigor and transparency in development and application of models for therapeutic discovery and design of intervention strategies. Structured arguments over a model's development, underpinning biological knowledge, and analyses of model behaviors are constructed to determine the confidence that a model is fit for the purpose for which it will be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timmis
- Department of Electronics, The University of York, York, UK.,SimOmics Limited, York, UK
| | - K Alden
- Department of Electronics, The University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | | | - B Naylor
- Department of Electronics, The University of York, York, UK.,SimOmics Limited, York, UK
| | - M Coles
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School/University of York, York, UK
| | - P Kaye
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School/University of York, York, UK
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Vete A, Clark E. Dental clearance unsuccesful: cleidocranial dysplasia diagnosed at a relief of pain clinic. N Z Dent J 2016; 112:122-124. [PMID: 29694758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman presented to Whangarei Base Hospital Emergency Department with a mandibular swelling adjacent to her unerupted tooth 48. She had never had dental radiographs taken, having had a dental clearance 20 years earlier. She wore full dentures. A panoramic dental radiograph revealed 44 unerupted teeth. Based on the clinical, oral and radiographic examinations a diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) was confirmed. The patient had not been diagnosed with CCD prior to her hospital visit. Treatment included staged extractions of superficial mandibular supernumeraries and enucleation of the mandibular cyst, attempting to avoid pathological fracture. This would be followed by a six-month review and then annually as required. The case outlines the value of dental radiography in dental practice. Little is known about the prevalence of CCD in New Zealand and this is an area where future research could be conducted.
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Clark E. Health-related quality of life in older people with osteoporotic vertebral fractures: response to comments by Sani et al. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3663. [PMID: 27503174 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Clark
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
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Zhou PP, Clark E, Kapadia MR. A systematic review of presacral extramedullary haematopoiesis: a diagnosis to be considered for presacral masses. Colorectal Dis 2016; 18:1033-1040. [PMID: 27329993 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Presacral masses are uncommon and have malignant potential; treatment typically includes surgical excision. However, there are conditions such as extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) which are benign. The present study aimed to summarize the presentation of presacral EMH in our institution, to review the literature and to offer management strategies for this rare condition. METHOD The literature was searched for articles related to presacral EMH, and case reports were collected from articles meeting the inclusion criteria. We collected data on patient demographics, diagnostic investigation, management and the results of treatment. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were included in the systematic review. Initial imaging included computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound (US) suggestive of EMH. Some patients then underwent a technetium scan (n = 7, 18%), biopsy of the presacral lesion (n = 27, 69%) or excision of the entire mass (n = 3, 8%). All patients who underwent technetium scan were confirmed to have EMH, demonstrating enhancement similar to bone marrow. Patients who underwent technetium scan and presacral mass biopsy had concordant results confirming presacral EMH (n = 5, 13%). Data on management were available for 35/39 (90%) with most patients followed by clinical observation (n = 20, 51%). Symptomatic patients were treated with radiotherapy (15%), surgical excision (15%) or hydroxyurea (5%) and blood transfusions (10%). Most (81%, n = 17/21) patients whose outcome was reported remained asymptomatic or experienced pain relief. CONCLUSION Although uncommon, EMH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a presacral mass. Presacral EMH is a benign condition that can be suspected on CT or MRI and confirmed with technetium scan. Patients may not necessarily need to undergo biopsy to confirm haematopoietic elements. Unlike other presacral masses, patients diagnosed with presacral EMH can be managed by observation. If symptomatic, radiotherapy or surgical excision may be offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Zhou
- Division of Gastrointestinal, Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - E Clark
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - M R Kapadia
- Division of Gastrointestinal, Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Boscary J, Greuner H, Ehrke G, Böswirth B, Wang Z, Clark E, Lumsdaine A, Tretter J, McGinnis D, Lore J, Ekici K. Prototyping phase of the high heat flux scraper element of Wendelstein 7-X. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Al-Sari UA, Tobias J, Clark E. Health-related quality of life in older people with osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2891-900. [PMID: 27262840 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Health-related quality of life in osteoporotic patients with vertebral fracture is of increasing interest, but relevant studies have yielded debatable results. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 observational studies demonstrate a clear association between physical health status and presence of vertebral fracture after accounting for age. This meta-analysis was conducted to identify if there are any differences between physical and/or mental health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people with osteoporosis based on conventional T-score definitions and the presence or absence of vertebral fracture. A comprehensive search was undertaken using the databases of PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and the "grey" literature from 1950 to the end of April 2015. Search terms for vertebral fracture (VF) included VF, osteoporotic fracture, fragility fracture, and spinal fracture. Quality of life was searched using the following terms: quality of life, health-related quality of life, HRQoL, and QoL. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated for each HRQoL domain by the difference in means between case and control groups divided by the pooled SD of participants. Sixteen eligible studies were identified involving 3131 men and women. There was evidence of publication bias and heterogeneity. The meta-analysis showed worse physical (SMD = 0.53, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.68; P < 0.001) and mental (SMD = 0.19, 95 % CI 0.05 to 0.33; P = 0.009) HRQoL in osteoporotic older people with vertebral fracture compared to those without fracture. Similar differences were observed for physical HRQoL in further analyses accounting for possible confounding effects of age. Sub-analysis to assess associations between number/severity of fractures and time since fracture was not possible due to small numbers of studies that accounted for age. Osteoporotic older people with vertebral fracture have worse physical HRQoL than osteoporotic older people without vertebral fracture, even after accounting for age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Al-Sari
- Academic Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - J Tobias
- Academic Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - E Clark
- Academic Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
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Palmer S, Lewis R, Barnett S, Cramp M, Berry A, Thomas A, Clark E. FRI0640-HPR Effects of Postural Taping on Pain and Function Following Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures – A Pilot Study:. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Micakovic T, Papagiannarou M, Clark E, Volk N, Fleming T, Gröne HJ, Hoffmann S. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) localizes to mitochondria of renal tubules and modifies mitochondrial function in early stages of type 1 diabetes in rats. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Cabral RG, Chapman CE, Aragona KM, Clark E, Lunak M, Erickson PS. Predicting colostrum quality from performance in the previous lactation and environmental changes. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4048-4055. [PMID: 26971147 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nine New Hampshire Holstein dairies contributed to a study to investigate if colostrum quality could be predicted by cow performance in the previous lactation and by environmental factors during the 21-d prepartum period. The numbers of days below 5°C (D<), days above 23°C (D>), and days between 5 and 23°C (D) were used in the development of the regression equation. Between 2011 and 2014, 111 colostrum samples were obtained and analyzed for IgG. Producers recorded cow identification number, calf date of birth, sex of the calf, colostrum yield, hours from parturition to colostrum harvest, and weeks on pasture during the dry period (if any). Dairy Herd Improvement data from each cow and weather data were compiled for analysis. Information accessed was predicted transmitting abilities for milk, fat (PTAF), protein (PTAP), and dollars; previous lactation: milk yield, fat yield, fat percent, protein percent, protein yield, somatic cell score, days open, days dry, days in milk, and previous parity (PAR). Colostrum yield was negatively correlated with IgG concentration (r=-0.42) and D (r=-0.2). It was positively correlated with D> (r=0.30), predicted transmitting ability for milk (r=0.26), PTAF (r=0.21), and PTAP (r=0.22). Immunoglobulin G concentration (g/L) was positively correlated with days in milk (r=0.21), milk yield (r=0.30), fat yield (r=0.34), protein yield (r=0.26), days open (r=0.21), PAR (r=0.22), and tended to be positively correlated with DD (r=0.17). Immunoglobulin G concentration (g/L) was negatively correlated with D> (r=-0.24) and PTAF (r=-0.21) and tended to be negatively correlated with PTAP (r=-0.18). To determine the best fit, values >0 were transformed to natural logarithm. All nontransformed variables were also used to develop the model. A variance inflation factor analysis was conducted, followed by a backward elimination procedure. The resulting regression model indicated that changes in Ln fat yield (β=2.29), Ln fat percent (β=2.15), Ln protein yield (β=-2.25), and Ln protein percent (β=2.1) had largest effect on LnIgG. This model was validated using 27 colostrum samples from 9 different farms not used in the model. The difference between means for actual and predicted colostrum quality (IgG, g/L) was 13.6g/L. Previous lactation DHI data and weather data can be used to predict the IgG concentration of colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Cabral
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - C E Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - K M Aragona
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - E Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - M Lunak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - P S Erickson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
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Ng P, Clark E. A cautionary tale; squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva. N Z Dent J 2015; 111:153-156. [PMID: 26761982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterised by varied clinical manifestations and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. This article highlights a case of gingival squamous cell carcinoma which was initially diagnosed and treated as localised periodontitis. METHODS A 64-year-old Caucasian male had a 2-year history of discomfort and swelling around his upper anterior teeth. His dentist diagnosed localised periodontitis around tooth 11. The patient was treated with regular scaling but showed no improvement. Teeth 11 and 21 were subsequently extracted. He returned later with a swelling in his anterior maxilla and was referred to the Whangarei Hospital Dental Department. RESULTS The histopathological report confirmed a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was referred to Auckland for treatment and underwent a tracheostomy, maxillectomy, bilateral selective neck dissection and fibula free flap reconstruction. All lymph nodes retrieved and margins of the lesion were clear, and the patient did not require radiotherapy. He will be monitored over the next 5 years for recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Gingival squamous cell carcinoma can be easily misdiagnosed. Suspicious lesions which are non-responsive to conventional therapy should be biopsied, even if they are not in the classic high risk anatomical areas of the oral cavity.
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Clark E, Griffard C, Ramirez E, Ruggles A. Experiment attributes to establish tube with twisted tape insert performance cooling plasma facing components. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hawkins L, Birks E, Clark E, Drummond A, Lagogianni C, Lincoln NB, Milligan H, Mistri A, Sprigg N, Tyrrell P, Ward N, Worthington A, Worthington E. An Investigation of post-stroke fatigue: The Nottingham Fatigue After Stroke (NotFAST) study. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2015. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2015.22.sup8.s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Macfarlane P, Katibi I, Hamde S, Singh D, Clark E, Devine B, Francq B, Lloyd S, Kumar V. Racial differences in the ECG — selected aspects. J Electrocardiol 2014; 47:809-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Choueiri T, Escudier B, Pal SK, Jonasch E, Heng D, Powles T, Arkenau H, Clark E, D'Cruz C, Frigault M, Nash A, Morgan S. 395 cMet: Proof-of-concept clinical trial with volitinib in patients with advanced papillary renal cell cancer (PRCC). Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Horn W, Clark E. P410: Effective geriatrics interventions in acute care settings. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Swain S, Kim S, Cortes J, Ro J, Semiglazov V, Campone M, Ciruelos E, Ferrero J, Schneeweiss A, Heeson S, Clark E, Ross G, Benyunes M, Baselga J. Final Overall Survival (Os) Analysis from the Cleopatra Study of First-Line (1L) Pertuzumab (Ptz), Trastuzumab (T), and Docetaxel (D) in Patients (Pts) with Her2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (Mbc). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Horn W, Clark E. P420: Innovations in outpatient geriatrics care models. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kuppuswamy A, Clark E, Turner I, Rothwell J, Ward N. P349: Fatigue after stroke is related to motor cortex “restfulness” and not to physical or cognitive functional ability. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Loughney L, West M, Pintus S, Lythgoe D, Clark E, Jack S, Torella F. Comparison of oxygen uptake during arm or leg cardiopulmonary exercise testing in vascular surgery patients and control subjects. Br J Anaesth 2014; 112:57-65. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Swain SM, Im YH, Im SA, Miles D, Knott A, Clark E, Ross G, Baselga J. Abstract P4-12-10: Safety of pertuzumab (P) with trastuzumab (T) and docetaxel (D) in patients (pts) from Asia with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Results from the phase III trial CLEOPATRA. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p4-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: CLEOPATRA is a phase III study of placebo (Pla)+T+D and P+T+D in HER2-positive first-line MBC. The combination of both HER2-targeted antibodies, P+T, with D resulted in significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) was higher with P+T+D versus Pla+T+D. We present analyses of adverse events (AEs) and treatment patterns for pts from Asia.
Methods: Pts were from Asia, Europe, North and South America. Study drugs were given intravenously, q3w: P/Pla, 840 mg initial dose, then 420 mg; T, 8 mg/kg initial dose, then 6 mg/kg; D, 75 mg/m2 with escalation to 100 mg/m2 if tolerated. Treatment was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity; 6 cycles of D were recommended, >6 cycles were at investigator's discretion. Dose modifications of P or T were not permitted. Two D dose reductions by 25% to 75 mg/m2 and 55 mg/m2 were allowed in order to manage toxicities; re-escalation was not permitted.
Results: The safety population comprised 253 pts from Asia (Pla+T+D: 128; P+T+D: 125) and 551 pts from other regions (Pla+T+D: 269; P+T+D: 282). The incidences of neutropenia, FN, diarrhea, mucosal inflammation, grade ≥3 AEs overall, and serious AEs were higher with P+T+D versus Pla+T+D. In the P arm, the largest increase in AEs in pts from Asia versus other regions was observed for FN and mucosal inflammation. D dose was more frequently reduced in pts from Asia; however, the incidence of AEs leading to discontinuation of all study treatment was balanced between pts from Asia and other regions. PFS and OS were improved with P+T+D in pts from all regions. In the whole study population, the hazard ratios (HR) for PFS and OS were 0.63 (95% CI 0.52-0.76) and 0.66 (0.52-0.84), respectively. In pts from Asia, the HR was 0.68 (0.48-0.95) for PFS and 0.64 (0.41-1.00) for OS. These efficacy analyses were unstratified.
Pts with event, n (%)Other regionsAsia Pla+T+DP+T+DPla+T+DP+T+D n = 269n = 282n = 128n = 125Neutropenia123 (46)141 (50)74 (58)74 (59)FN15 (6)24 (9)15 (12)32 (26)Diarrhea118 (44)179 (63)66 (52)93 (74)Mucosal inflammation56 (21)67 (24)23 (18)46 (37)Grade ≥3 AEs194 (72)199 (71)95 (74)103 (82)Serious AEs69 (26)82 (29)35 (27)58 (46)AEs leading to discontinuation of all study treatment15 (6)21 (7)6 (5)4 (3)D dose escalation to 100 mg/m256 (21)47 (17)5 (4)1 (1)D dose reduction to <75 mg/m232 (12)42 (15)57 (45)62 (50)Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to treat FN8 (3)11 (4)12 (9)30 (24)Subsequent G-CSF prophylaxis in pts with FN6 (2)3 (1)1 (1)11 (9)Study treatment cycles, median15181520D cycles, median8799
Conclusions: AEs did not result in reduction of the median number of cycles administered in pts from Asia compared with other regions. However, given that 47% of pts from Asia had D dose reductions <75 mg/m2 with comparable survival benefits to pts from other regions, a reduction in the D starting dose should be considered in these pts. Based on the efficacy and safety profile of P+T+D, this regimen is the preferred treatment option for pts with HER2-positive first-line MBC from all geographic regions.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-12-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Swain
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Y-H Im
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - S-A Im
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - D Miles
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - A Knott
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - E Clark
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - G Ross
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - J Baselga
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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Cortés J, Baselga J, Im YH, Im SA, Pivot X, Ross G, Clark E, Knott A, Swain SM. Health-related quality-of-life assessment in CLEOPATRA, a phase III study combining pertuzumab with trastuzumab and docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2630-2635. [PMID: 23868905 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase III CLEOPATRA study demonstrated that combining pertuzumab with trastuzumab plus docetaxel significantly improves progression-free and overall survival in previously untreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Here, we report health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) results from CLEOPATRA. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to pertuzumab or placebo, each given with trastuzumab plus docetaxel every 3 weeks. Pertuzumab and trastuzumab were administered until progression and six or more docetaxel cycles were recommended. Time from randomization to a ≥ 5-point decrease in Trial Outcome Index-Physical/Functional/Breast (TOI-PFB) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire was analyzed as a prespecified secondary end point. A post hoc exploratory analysis investigated time to ≥ 2-point deterioration in Breast Cancer Subscale (BCS) score. RESULTS Time to ≥ 5-point decline in TOI-PFB did not differ significantly between the pertuzumab and placebo arms [hazard ratio (HR), 0.97; P = 0.7161]. The median times to TOI-PFB deterioration were 18.4 and 18.3 weeks, respectively (approximately six cycles). The mean TOI-PFB declined slightly until week 18 and recovered thereafter. Pertuzumab increased time until BCS deterioration versus placebo (median 26.7 versus 18.3 weeks; HR, 0.77; P = 0.0061). CONCLUSIONS Combining pertuzumab with trastuzumab and docetaxel had no adverse impact on HRQoL and may prolong time to worsening of breast cancer-specific symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cortés
- Department of Oncology, Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Baselga
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Y-H Im
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S-A Im
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - X Pivot
- Medical Oncology, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - G Ross
- Medical Affairs, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, UK
| | - E Clark
- Medical Affairs, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, UK
| | - A Knott
- Medical Affairs, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn, UK
| | - S M Swain
- Washington Cancer Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, USA
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