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Oketch EO, Yu M, Hong JS, Chaturanga NC, Seo E, Lee H, Hermes RG, Smeets N, Taechavasonyoo A, Kirwan S, Rodriguez-Sanchez R, Heo JM. Laying hen responses to multi-strain Bacillus-based probiotic supplementation from 25 to 37 weeks of age. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.23.0495. [PMID: 38575130 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigate the efficacy of Bacillus-based probiotics supplemented at two different levels to modulate the productive performance, egg quality, tibia traits, and specific cecal bacteria counts of Hy-Line Brown layers from 25 to 37 weeks of age. Methods A total of 216 twenty-five-week-old hens were randomly distributed into 3 experimental diets with 12 replicates of 6 birds per cage. Diets included basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 3 × 108 (PRO1), or 3 × 109 (PRO2) CFU of the test probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 per kilogram of feed. Results Improved egg weights and mass at 29 weeks; and feed intake at 31 weeks (p < 0.10) were noticed with the probiotic-supplemented PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Considering egg quality, the shell thickness, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was lowered (p < 0.05) with PRO1 and PRO2 diets at 29 weeks. At both 33 and 37 weeks, the egg-breaking strength, shell color and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was similarly lowered (p < 0.05) with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia Ca, ash, weights, and density; and raised cecal counts of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (p < 0.05) were noticed with PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia P but reduced Clostridia counts (p < 0.10) were also observed with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Conclusion Probiotic supplementation of Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 at 3 ×108 CFU/kg of feed is adequate to significantly improve egg quality, lower yolk cholesterol, enhance several tibia traits, and raise the populations of beneficial cecal bacteria. Modest improvements in several productive parameters and tibia P but reduced Clostridia were also observed; and could warrant further investigation of probiotic effects beyond the current test period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Ogola Oketch
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Nuwan Chamara Chaturanga
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eunsoo Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hans Lee
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Asia Pacific, 12 Senoko Drive, Singapore 758200
| | | | - Natasja Smeets
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Europa NV, Herentals, Belgium
| | | | - Susanne Kirwan
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Europa NV, Herentals, Belgium
| | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Sta Cruz BG, Hong JS, Yu M, Oketch EO, Yun H, Jayasena DD, Heo JM. Xylanase Supplementation in Energy-deficient Corn-based Diets: Impact on Broiler Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Chyme Viscosity and Carcass Proximates. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.23.0340. [PMID: 38575132 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of various concentrations of xylanase in energy-deficient corn-based diets on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and digesta viscosity in broilers from 7 to 35 days of age. Methods A total of 280 seven-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to one of the five dietary treatments following a completely randomized design with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. The treatments were: i) positive control (PC, without xylanase); ii) NC-1 (80 kcal/kg ME reduced from PC); iii) NC-2 (100 kcal/kg ME reduced from PC); iv) NCX-1 (NC-1 + 2000 U/kg xylanase); and v) NCX-2 (NC-2 + 3000 U/kg xylanase). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were determined weekly to evaluate growth performance. One bird per pen was sacrificed for ileal digesta collection to determine the viscosity and digestibility of energy, dry matter, crude protein on days 24 and 35, however breast and leg meat samples were obtained for proximate analysis (moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash) on day 35. Results Birds fed diets supplemented with xylanase regardless of the amount had higher (p<0.05) body weights, daily gains, and improved feed efficiency compared to NC diets all throughout the experimental period. Feed intake was not affected (p>0.05) by the addition of xylanase. Moreover, lowered (p<0.05) viscosity of the ileal digesta were observed upon xylanase inclusion in the diets compared to the birds fed NC diets on day 24. Ileal nutrient digestibility and meat proximate composition were not affected (p>0.05) by xylanase. Conclusion The present study indicated that the xylanase at 2,000 U/kg and 3,000 U/kg levels compensates for the 80 kcal/kg and 100 kcal/kg dietary energy levels, respectively, without having adverse effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and digesta viscosity of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Elijah Ogola Oketch
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyeonho Yun
- Technical Marketing, Protein Solution Division, CJ CheilJedang Bio, Seoul 04560, Korea
| | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Yu M, Oketch EO, Hong JS, Chathuranga NC, Seo E, Park H, Vasanthakumari BL, Lee H, Heo JM. Efficacy and Equivalency of Phytase for Available Phosphorus in Broilers Fed an Available Phosphorus-Deficient Diet. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 38200772 PMCID: PMC10778139 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of phytase on the performance, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility, tibia characteristics, and inositol phosphorus (IP) degradation in broiler chickens. Additionally, the available phosphorus (AP) equivalency of phytase in AP-deficient diets was estimated for 35 days after hatching. A total of 336 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to one of seven dietary treatments with six replications with eight birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) positive control containing 0.45% AP of the starter and 0.42% AP of the grower diet (PC), (2) 0.10% AP deficiency from the PC (NC-1), (3) 0.15% AP deficiency from the PC (NC-2), (4) 0.20% AP deficiency from the PC (NC-3), (5) NC-3 +phytase (500 FTU/kg; NC-3-500), (6) NC-3 + phytase (1000 FTU/kg; NC-3-1000), and (7) NC-3 + phytase (1500 FTU/kg; NC-3-1500). On d 35, the NC-3 diet exhibited lower tibia weight compared to the other treatments (p < 0.001). The NC-3-1500 group had higher calcium and phosphorus contents in the tibia than the other treatments on d 35 (p < 0.01). Phytase supplementation led to a reduced IP6 concentration and increased IP3 concentrations in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract on d 21 and 35 compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). In conclusion, based on the tibia phosphorus content, this study determined that 500 FTU/kg phytase was equivalent to 0.377% and 0.383% AP in the diet on d 21, and 0.317% and 0.307% AP in the diet on d 35, respectively. Likewise, 1000 FTU/kg was determined to be equivalent to 0.476% and 0.448% AP on d 21, and 0.437% and 0.403% AP on d 35, respectively. Furthermore, 1500 FTU/kg was determined to be equivalent to 0.574% and 0.504% AP on d 21, and 0.557% and 0.500 AP on d 35, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (E.O.O.); (J.-S.H.); (N.C.C.); (E.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Elijah Ogola Oketch
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (E.O.O.); (J.-S.H.); (N.C.C.); (E.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Jun-Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (E.O.O.); (J.-S.H.); (N.C.C.); (E.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Nuwan Chamara Chathuranga
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (E.O.O.); (J.-S.H.); (N.C.C.); (E.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Eunsoo Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (E.O.O.); (J.-S.H.); (N.C.C.); (E.S.); (H.P.)
| | - Haeeun Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (E.O.O.); (J.-S.H.); (N.C.C.); (E.S.); (H.P.)
| | | | - Hans Lee
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Asia Pacific, Seongnam 13631, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (E.O.O.); (J.-S.H.); (N.C.C.); (E.S.); (H.P.)
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Oketch EO, Kim YB, Yu M, Cho HM, Hong JS, Nawarathne SR, Wickramasuriya SS, Heo JM. Research Note: Evaluation of standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients for Pekin ducks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102899. [PMID: 37473518 PMCID: PMC10371803 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in feedstuffs including corn, soybean meal (SBM), and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) was investigated in White Pekin ducks. The test ingredients were the sole source of AA and CP. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated for determining endogenous losses of AA and nitrogen. Birds were fed a standard starter diet for the first 15 d posthatch. On d 16, 96 ducklings (860 ± 50 g BW) were selected and allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments containing the test ingredients with 6 replicates per treatment in a randomized complete block design. All the crumbled assay diets were offered ad-libitum for 5 d and contained chromic oxide as an indigestible marker at 0.05%. On d 21, ducks were euthanized to collect the ileal digesta for digestibility analysis. Basal endogenous losses were abundant in glutamine, aspartic acid, leucine, proline, and serine, consecutively. For apparent ileal digestibility (AID), lysine and methionine were the highest (P < 0.05) in SBM, followed by corn and DDGS. For threonine, the highest values (P < 0.05) were similarly noted for SBM, followed by DDGS and corn; the values were 80.44, 69.88, and 64.89%, consecutively. Considering standardized ileal digestibility (SID), higher values (P < 0.05) for SBM were similarly noted for all the amino acids including lysine, methionine, and threonine; the values were 89.40, 93.58, and 86.50%, respectively. Conclusively, improved AA and CP digestibility was noted with SBM. Dietary protein source affected the extent of digestibility at the distal ileum; and the utilization of digestible amino acid coefficients during ducks' feed formulation is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Ogola Oketch
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan Randima Nawarathne
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Oketch EO, Kim YB, Yu M, Hong JS, Nawarathne SR, Heo JM. Differences in bedding material type could alter the growth
performance of White Pekin ducks raised over 42 days. J Anim Sci Technol 2022; 65:377-386. [PMID: 37093901 PMCID: PMC10119447 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different commercially available bedding materials on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of ducks for 42 days was investigated. 336 one-day-old White-Pekin ducklings (60.48 ± 0.16 g) were randomly allocated into 24-floor pens with one of the three beddings namely i) coco peat, ii) rice husks, or iii) sawdust. 14 ducklings per pen and 8 replicate pens per bedding material were used. Birds were fed a starter diet from days 1-21 and a grower diet from days 22-42. Weekly growth performance evaluation was conducted for the average body weight, weight gains, daily feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency. One bird per pen was sacrificed on day 42 for the evaluation of carcass characteristics including the carcass, breast, and leg muscle percentages. Breast and leg muscle samples were then collected and analyzed for their proximate and pH values. Higher body weights (p < 0.05) were noticed with rice husks on day 42 only. Improved daily gains (p < 0.05) were also noticed for birds raised with rice husks over the entire period (days 1-42). Concerning feed intake, higher values (p < 0.05) were similarly noted with rice husks for the grower phase (days 22-42), and the entire experimental period (days 1-42). Marginally improved feed intake values were also noted with the use of rice husks as the bedding materials on day 42 (p = 0.092). Improved feed efficiency (p < 0.05) was noticed with rice husks on day 35, the grower period, and the entire 42-day period. However, no significant differences were noticed for most of the carcass characteristics that were evaluated. Nevertheless, higher (p < 0.05) pH values for the breast muscle were noticed with the use of coco peat and sawdust as the bedding. Conclusively, the bedding type could have a significant impact on the growth performance of ducks without adverse effects on carcass characteristics. The use of rice husks as bedding might be advantageous and is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Ogola Oketch
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Yu Bin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Shan Randima Nawarathne
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Jung Min Heo,
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University,
Daejeon 34134, Korea. Tel: +82-42-821-5777, E-mail:
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Oketch EO, Lee JW, Yu M, Hong JS, Kim YB, Nawarathne SR, Chiu JWC, Heo JM. Physiological responses of broiler chickens fed reduced-energy diets supplemented with emulsifiers. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1929-1939. [DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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