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Dinesen A, Andersen VL, Elkhashab M, Pilati D, Bech P, Fuchs E, Samuelsen TR, Winther A, Cai Y, Märcher A, Wall A, Omer M, Nielsen JS, Chudasama V, Baker JR, Gothelf KV, Wengel J, Kjems J, Howard KA. An Albumin-Holliday Junction Biomolecular Modular Design for Programmable Multifunctionality and Prolonged Circulation. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:214-222. [PMID: 38231391 PMCID: PMC10886128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial properties such as long-circulation and site- and cell-specific engagement need to be built into the design of advanced drug delivery systems to maximize drug payload efficacy. This work introduces a four-stranded oligonucleotide Holliday Junction (HJ) motif bearing functional moieties covalently conjugated to recombinant human albumin (rHA) to give a "plug-and-play" rHA-HJ multifunctional biomolecular assembly with extended circulation. Electrophoretic gel-shift assays show successful functionalization and purity of the individual high-performance liquid chromatography-purified modules as well as efficient assembly of the rHA-HJ construct. Inclusion of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting nanobody module facilitates specific binding to EGFR-expressing cells resulting in approximately 150-fold increased fluorescence intensity determined by flow cytometric analysis compared to assemblies absent of nanobody inclusion. A cellular recycling assay demonstrated retained albumin-neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding affinity and accompanying FcRn-driven cellular recycling. This translated to a 4-fold circulatory half-life extension (2.2 and 0.55 h, for the rHA-HJ and HJ, respectively) in a double transgenic humanized FcRn/albumin mouse. This work introduces a novel biomolecular albumin-nucleic acid construct with extended circulatory half-life and programmable multifunctionality due to its modular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dinesen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Veronica L. Andersen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Marwa Elkhashab
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Diego Pilati
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Bech
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn R. Samuelsen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Alexander Winther
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Anders Märcher
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Archie Wall
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Marjan Omer
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Jesper S. Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - James R. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A. Howard
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
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2
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Beckmann S, Fuchs E, Jacob S, Mauermann M. INFLUENCE OF STEAM-INDUCED WETTING OF FOOD- AND COSMETIC-BASED CONTAMINANTS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CLEAN-IN-PLACE PROCESSES OF CONTAINERS. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Berra G, Huszti E, Levy L, Kawashima M, Fuchs E, Renaud-Picard B, Riddell P, Dias O, Rajagopala S, Ulahannan A, Ghany R, Singer L, Tikkanen J, Martinu T. Phenotyping CLAD after Single Lung Transplant: Limits and Prognostic Assessment of the 2019 ISHLT Classification System. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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4
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Levy L, Moshkelgosha S, Huszti E, Hunter S, Renaud-Picard B, Berra G, Kawashima M, Takahagi A, Fernandez-Castillo J, Fuchs E, Keshavjee S, Singer L, Tikkanen J, Martinu T. Pulmonary Markers of Epithelial Cell Activity and Injury in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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5
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Sehlke R, Taubert C, Alt I, Rohrer F, Fuchs E, Vilagos B, Krall N, Christoph M, Schumacher M, Maurer D, Hackner K, Lafleur J, Hefler L, Fureder T, Vladimer GI. Abstract 5233: Towards patient-centric drug discovery: Analyzing drug action in malignant pleural effusions and ascites using high content imaging and deep learning. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
A vast majority of investigational anticancer drugs found to be active in preclinical development later do not show the desired effect in the clinic (Wong et al., Biostatistics 2019). This suggests that currently used preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the human disease.
The study of drug activity in primary human tissue samples, by contrast, could provide a more immediate picture of the activity of a molecule's effect in a patient. Factors that have so far hampered the use of primary tissue samples for drug discovery and development include access in sufficient quantity as well as robust analytical methods.
We hypothesised that malignant pleural effusions and ascites (MPAs) of solid tumour patients are a promising model system to study drug activity in a preclinical setting. They are easily accessible in large quantities and contain cancer cells as well as major recruited immune populations. The latter could render them interesting model systems for studying I/O drug activity.
Following previous successes in studying drug action in primary human tissues of haematological cancer patients with automated microscopy (Snijder et al 2017, Lancet Haem, NCT03096821) we here describe advances in using high content imaging and deep learning-based image analysis to study drug action in MPAs of solid tumour patients.
Methods:
MPAs from patients with metastatic breast, pancreatic, lung and ovarian cancer (at least n=10 of each) were collected under appropriate ethics approval. The response of EpCam+/CD45− and CD45+ cells against small molecule drugs was evaluated using high content microscopy. Drug response was quantified with single cell resolution using regional convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs) comprising an object detection and a single cell classification stage. EpCam+ and live/dead cell classification accuracies on the validation set were >94%.
Results:
MPAs contain both cancer cells (range: 1-37%) and recruited myeloid and lymphoid immune populations with varying activation states (e.g. CD69+/PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells). Ex vivo drug responses from each patient sample were measured and combined to form an overall map of drug susceptibility across the patient population, pan-indication. Sensitivity mirrors drug approvals and also reveals drugs with potential off label use.
Conclusions:
Single-cell phenotypic analysis of MPAs enables the study of anticancer drug action in a setting that is one step closer to the clinic than cell line or outgrown organoid models of solid tumor. While initial response patterns can be observed that mirror current approvals, further biological and clinical validation must occur to understand in how far these data can be used for drug discovery and translational research purposes. Application as a functional tool for selecting salvage therapies for late-stage solid tumor patients (“functional prevision medicine”) can also be envisioned.
Citation Format: Robert Sehlke, Christina Taubert, Isabella Alt, Florian Rohrer, Elisabeth Fuchs, Bojan Vilagos, Nikolaus Krall, Minichsdorfer Christoph, Michael Schumacher, Dominik Maurer, Klaus Hackner, Judith Lafleur, Lukas Hefler, Thorsten Fureder, Gregory Ian Vladimer. Towards patient-centric drug discovery: Analyzing drug action in malignant pleural effusions and ascites using high content imaging and deep learning [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5233.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Hackner
- 4University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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6
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Mayer N, Schweiger M, Fuchs E, Migglautsch AK, Doler C, Grabner GF, Romauch M, Melcher MC, Zechner R, Zimmermann R, Breinbauer R. Structure-activity relationship studies for the development of inhibitors of murine adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115610. [PMID: 32690265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
High serum fatty acid (FA) levels are causally linked to the development of insulin resistance, which eventually progresses to type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) generalized in the term metabolic syndrome. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the initial enzyme in the hydrolysis of intracellular triacylglycerol (TG) stores, liberating fatty acids that are released from adipocytes into the circulation. Hence, ATGL-specific inhibitors have the potential to lower circulating FA concentrations, and counteract the development of insulin resistance and NAFLD. In this article, we report about structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of small molecule inhibitors of murine ATGL which led to the development of Atglistatin. Atglistatin is a specific inhibitor of murine ATGL, which has proven useful for the validation of ATGL as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mayer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BIOTECHMED Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna K Migglautsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Carina Doler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Romauch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BIOTECHMED Graz, A-8010, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BIOTECHMED Graz, A-8010, Austria.
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; BIOTECHMED Graz, A-8010, Austria.
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7
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Krall N, Sehlke R, Taubert C, Alt I, Rohrer F, Fuchs E, Vilagos B, Schumacher M, Maurer D, Hackner K, Lafleur J, Hefler L, Minichsdorfer C, Fuereder T, Vladimer GI. Towards patient-centric drug discovery: Drug action in malignant pleural effusions and ascites using high content imaging and deep learning. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e21633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21633 Background: Many anticancer drugs found to be active in preclinical development later do not show desired effect clinically. This suggests that currently used preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the disease. The study of drug activity in primary samples could provide a more immediate picture of a molecule’s activity in a patient. Factors that have so far hampered the use of primary tissue samples for drug discovery and development include access in sufficient quantity as well as robust analytical methods. We hypothesised that malignant pleural effusions and ascites (MPAs) of solid tumour patients are a promising model system to study preclinical drug activity. MPAs are easily accessible and contain cancer cells as well as recruited immune cells. Following previous successes in studying drug action in primary tissues of patients with haematological malignancies with automated microscopy (Snijder et al 2017, Lanc Haem, NCT03096821) we describe advances in using high content imaging and deep learning-based image analysis to study drug action in MPAs of solid tumour patients. Methods: MPAs from patients with metastatic breast, pancreatic and ovarian cancer (at least n = 10 of each) were collected. The response of EpCam+/CD45- and CD45+ cells against small molecule drugs was evaluated using high content microscopy. Drug response was quantified at single cell resolution using regional convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs) comprising object detection and single cell classification. Results: MPAs contain both cancer cells and recruited myeloid and lymphoid immune cells with varying activation. Ex vivo drug responses from each patient sample were measured and the EC50 of each molecule determined by curve fitting. Sensitivity mirrored drug approvals for some indications, and also revealed drugs with potential off label use. On target and off-target response curves, along with integrative scores are used to visualize the effects. Conclusions: Single-cell phenotypic analysis of MPAs enables the study of anticancer drug action in a setting that is one step closer to the clinic than cell line or outgrown organoid models of solid tumor. While initial response patterns can be observed that mirror current approvals, further biological and clinical validation must occur to understand in how far these data can be used for drug discovery and translational research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dominik Maurer
- Department of Pneumology, Ordensklinikum Linz, Linz, NJ, Austria
| | - Klaus Hackner
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Judith Lafleur
- AGO Austria and Ordensklinikum Barmherzige Schwestern Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Hefler
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Gynecologic Surgery and Oncology, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Minichsdorfer
- Department of Medicine 1 and Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Fuereder
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Fuchs E, Levi L, Huszti EE, Picard BR, Berra G, Kawashima M, Takahagi A, Ghany R, Keshavjee S, Singer L, Tikkanen J, Martinu T. Significance of Phenotype Change Post CLAD-Onset on Allograft Survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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9
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Levy L, Moshkelgosha S, Huszti E, Hunter S, Renaud-Picard B, Berra G, Kawashima M, Takahagi A, Fernandez-Castillo J, Fuchs E, Ghany R, Keshavjee S, Singer L, Tikkanen J, Martinu T. Pulmonary Markers of Epithelial Cell Activation and Injury in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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10
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Fuchs E, Falschlunger C, Micura R, Breuker K. The effect of adenine protonation on RNA phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage elucidated by deaza-nucleobase modifications and mass spectrometry. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:7223-7234. [PMID: 31276590 PMCID: PMC6698743 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic strategies of small self-cleaving ribozymes often involve interactions between nucleobases and the ribonucleic acid (RNA) backbone. Here we show that multiply protonated, gaseous RNA has an intrinsic preference for the formation of ionic hydrogen bonds between adenine protonated at N3 and the phosphodiester backbone moiety on its 5'-side that facilitates preferential phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage upon vibrational excitation by low-energy collisionally activated dissociation. Removal of the basic N3 site by deaza-modification of adenine was found to abrogate preferential phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage. No such effects were observed for N1 or N7 of adenine. Importantly, we found that the pH of the solution used for generation of the multiply protonated, gaseous RNA ions by electrospray ionization affects phosphodiester backbone bond cleavage next to adenine, which implies that the protonation patterns in solution are at least in part preserved during and after transfer into the gas phase. Our study suggests that interactions between protonated adenine and phosphodiester moieties of RNA may play a more important mechanistic role in biological processes than considered until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Falschlunger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Hoernes TP, Faserl K, Juen MA, Kremser J, Gasser C, Fuchs E, Shi X, Siewert A, Lindner H, Kreutz C, Micura R, Joseph S, Höbartner C, Westhof E, Hüttenhofer A, Erlacher MD. Translation of non-standard codon nucleotides reveals minimal requirements for codon-anticodon interactions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4865. [PMID: 30451861 PMCID: PMC6242847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise interplay between the mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is crucial for ensuring efficient and accurate translation by the ribosome. The insertion of RNA nucleobase derivatives in the mRNA allowed us to modulate the stability of the codon-anticodon interaction in the decoding site of bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes, allowing an in-depth analysis of codon recognition. We found the hydrogen bond between the N1 of purines and the N3 of pyrimidines to be sufficient for decoding of the first two codon nucleotides, whereas adequate stacking between the RNA bases is critical at the wobble position. Inosine, found in eukaryotic mRNAs, is an important example of destabilization of the codon-anticodon interaction. Whereas single inosines are efficiently translated, multiple inosines, e.g., in the serotonin receptor 5-HT2C mRNA, inhibit translation. Thus, our results indicate that despite the robustness of the decoding process, its tolerance toward the weakening of codon-anticodon interactions is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Philipp Hoernes
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Faserl
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Andreas Juen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Kremser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catherina Gasser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xinying Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0314, USA
| | - Aaron Siewert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Kreutz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simpson Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0314, USA
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric Westhof
- Architecture and Reactivity of RNA, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the CNRS UPR9002/University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Alexander Hüttenhofer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias David Erlacher
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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12
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Fuchs E, Funes A, Saar K, Reitzel K, Jensen HS. Evaluation of dried amorphous ferric hydroxide CFH-12® as agent for binding bioavailable phosphorus in lake sediments. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:990-996. [PMID: 30045587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal hydroxides formed from aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts can be used as phosphorus (P) adsorbents in lake restoration, but the application entails problems in low-alkaline lakes due to acid producing hydrolysis and potential formation of toxic metal ions. Therefore, we tested the potential of applying CFH-12® (Kemira) - a dried, amorphous Fe-oxide with no pH effect - in lake restoration. Since Fe3+ may become reduced in lake sediments and release both Fe2+ and any associated P we also evaluated the redox sensitivity of CFH-12® in comparison with freshly formed Fe(OH)3. CFH-12® was added to undisturbed sediment cores from three Danish lakes relative to the size of their mobile P pool (molar Fe:PMobile dose ratio of ~10:1), and P and Fe fluxes across the sediment-water interface were compared with those from untreated cores and cores treated with freshly formed Fe(OH)3. Under anoxic conditions, we found that CFH-12® significantly reduced the P efflux from the sediments (by 43% in Lake Sønderby, 70% in Lake Hampen and 60% in Lake Hostrup) while the Fe2+ efflux remained unchanged relative to the untreated cores. Cores treated with freshly formed Fe(OH)3 retained more P, but released significantly more Fe2+, indicating continued Fe3+ reduction. Finally, experiments with pure phases showed that CFH-12® adsorbed less P than freshly formed Fe(OH)3 in the short term, but was capable of adsorbing up to 70% of P adsorbed by Fe(OH)3 over 3months. With product costs only 30% higher than Al salts we find that CFH-12® has potential for use in restoration of low-alkaline lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ana Funes
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain; Instituto Del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Katrin Saar
- Centre for Limnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia
| | - Kasper Reitzel
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Henning S Jensen
- Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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13
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Neuner S, Falschlunger C, Fuchs E, Himmelstoss M, Ren A, Patel DJ, Micura R. Atom-Specific Mutagenesis Reveals Structural and Catalytic Roles for an Active-Site Adenosine and Hydrated Mg2+
in Pistol Ribozymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Neuner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI); Leopold-Franzens University; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Christoph Falschlunger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI); Leopold-Franzens University; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI); Leopold-Franzens University; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Maximilian Himmelstoss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI); Leopold-Franzens University; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Aiming Ren
- Life Science Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Dinshaw J. Patel
- Structural Biology Program; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI); Leopold-Franzens University; Innrain 80-82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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14
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Neuner S, Falschlunger C, Fuchs E, Himmelstoss M, Ren A, Patel DJ, Micura R. Atom-Specific Mutagenesis Reveals Structural and Catalytic Roles for an Active-Site Adenosine and Hydrated Mg 2+ in Pistol Ribozymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15954-15958. [PMID: 29098759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pistol RNA motif represents a new class of self-cleaving ribozymes of yet unknown biological function. Our recent crystal structure of a pre-catalytic state of this RNA shows guanosine G40 and adenosine A32 close to the G53-U54 cleavage site. While the N1 of G40 is within 3.4 Å of the modeled G53 2'-OH group that attacks the scissile phosphate, thus suggesting a direct role in general acid-base catalysis, the function of A32 is less clear. We present evidence from atom-specific mutagenesis that neither the N1 nor N3 base positions of A32 are involved in catalysis. By contrast, the ribose 2'-OH of A32 seems crucial for the proper positioning of G40 through a H-bond network that involves G42 as a bridging unit between A32 and G40. We also found that disruption of the inner-sphere coordination of the active-site Mg2+ cation to N7 of G33 makes the ribozyme drastically slower. A mechanistic proposal is suggested, with A32 playing a structural role and hydrated Mg2+ playing a catalytic role in cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Neuner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Falschlunger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maximilian Himmelstoss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aiming Ren
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dinshaw J Patel
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Schmidt-Wilcke T, Fuchs E, Funke K, Vlachos A, Müller-Dahlhaus F, Puts NAJ, Harris RE, Edden RAE. GABA-from Inhibition to Cognition: Emerging Concepts. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:501-515. [PMID: 29283020 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417734530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural functioning and plasticity can be studied on different levels of organization and complexity ranging from the molecular and synaptic level to neural circuitry of whole brain networks. Across neuroscience different methods are being applied to better understand the role of various neurotransmitter systems in the evolution of perception and cognition. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain and, depending on the brain region, up to 25% of the total number of cortical neurons are GABAergic interneurons. At the one end of the spectrum, GABAergic neurons have been accurately described with regard to cell morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological properties; at the other end researchers try to link GABA concentrations in specific brain regions to human behavior using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. One of the main challenges of modern neuroscience currently is to integrate knowledge from highly specialized subfields at distinct biological scales into a coherent picture that bridges the gap between molecules and behavior. In the current review, recent findings from different fields of GABA research are summarized delineating a potential strategy to develop a more holistic picture of the function and role of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmidt-Wilcke
- 1 Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,2 Mauritius Therapieklinik Meerbusch, Meerbusch, Germany
| | - E Fuchs
- 3 Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Funke
- 4 Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty of Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Vlachos
- 5 Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Müller-Dahlhaus
- 6 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,7 Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - N A J Puts
- 8 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,9 F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R E Harris
- 10 Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A E Edden
- 8 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,9 F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Sartaj R, Zhang C, Wan P, Pasha Z, Guaiquil V, Liu A, Liu J, Luo Y, Fuchs E, Rosenblatt MI. Characterization of slow cycling corneal limbal epithelial cells identifies putative stem cell markers. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630424 PMCID: PMC5476663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify reliable markers of corneal epithelial stem cells, we employed an inducible transgenic “pulse-chase” murine model (K5Tta × TRE-H2BGFP) to localize, purify, and characterize slow cycling cells in the cornea. The retention of GFP labeling in slowly dividing cells allowed for localization of these cells to the corneal limbus and their subsequent purification by FACS. Transcriptome analysis from slow cycling cells identified differentially expressed genes when comparing to GFP- faster-dividing cells. RNA-Seq data from corneal epithelium were compared to epidermal hair follicle stem cell RNA-Seq to identify genes representing common putative stem cell markers or determinants, which included Sox9, Fzd7, Actn1, Anxa3 and Krt17. Overlapping retention of GFP and immunohistochemical expression of Krt15, ΔNp63, Sox9, Actn1, Fzd7 and Krt17 were observed in our transgenic model. Our analysis presents an array of novel genes as putative corneal stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sartaj
- University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - P Wan
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Z Pasha
- University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | | | - A Liu
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - J Liu
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Y Luo
- University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
| | - E Fuchs
- The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
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17
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Spitzer TR, Sugrue MW, Gonzalez C, O'Donnell P, Confer D, Fuchs E, Pulsipher MA, Schwartz J, Linenberger M. Transfusion practices for bone marrow harvests: a survey analysis from the AABB Bone Marrow Quality Improvement Initiative Working Group. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1199-1200. [PMID: 28530670 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T R Spitzer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M W Sugrue
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Gonzalez
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P O'Donnell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Confer
- National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E Fuchs
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Pulsipher
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Schwartz
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Linenberger
- University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Lu C, Polak L, Keyes B, Fuchs E. 839 Spatiotemporal antagonism in mesenchymal-epithelial Signaling in sweat versus hair fate decision. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Mairhofer E, Fuchs E, Micura R. Facile synthesis of a 3-deazaadenosine phosphoramidite for RNA solid-phase synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2556-2562. [PMID: 28144324 PMCID: PMC5238537 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to 3-deazaadenosine (c3A) building blocks for RNA solid-phase synthesis represents a severe bottleneck in modern RNA research, in particular for atomic mutagenesis experiments to explore mechanistic aspects of ribozyme catalysis. Here, we report the 5-step synthesis of a c3A phosphoramidite from cost-affordable starting materials. The key reaction is a silyl-Hilbert-Johnson nucleosidation using unprotected 6-amino-3-deazapurine and benzoyl-protected 1-O-acetylribose. The novel path is superior to previously described syntheses in terms of efficacy and ease of laboratory handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mairhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Fuchs Y, Brown S, Gorenc T, Rodriguez J, Fuchs E, Steller H. sept4/Arts regulates stem cell apoptosis and skin regeneration. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Yu X, Guttenberger N, Fuchs E, Peters M, Weber H, Breinbauer R. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of a Library of Star-Shaped 2H-Imidazolines. ACS Comb Sci 2015; 17:682-90. [PMID: 26402035 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A library of star-shaped 2H-imidazolines has been synthesized via Debus-Radziszewski condensation from 1,2-diketones and ketone starting materials. Selective reduction of one imine group of the 2H-imidazole intermediate with LiAlH4 or catalytic flow hydrogenation furnished 2H-imidazolines, which could be conveniently diversified by reacting the amine N with electrophiles, resulting in a set of 21 amide-, carbamate-, urea-, and allylamine-containing products. In total, five points of diversification could be used, which allow the production of a set of functionally diverse compounds. The synthesis of acylated 2H-imidazolidines resulted in intrinsically labile compounds, which spontaneously degraded to acyclic derivatives, as shown for the reaction of 2H-imidazolidine with hexylisocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepu Yu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Peters
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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Abstract
Abstract. For many years, Tupaia (family Tupaiidae), most commonly known as tree shrews, have been studied almost exclusively by zoologists resulting in a controversial debate on their taxonomic status among mammals. Today, tree shrews are placed in the order Scandentia; they are valuable, widely accepted and increasingly used model animals as an alternative to rodents and non-human primates in biomedical research. After a brief description on how tree shrews entered science and their taxonomic odyssey, the present article describes the history of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) colony at the German Primate Center and selected aspects of our work with special emphasis on the psychosocial stress model in these animals.
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23
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Fuchs E, Heymann EW. Preface: Hans-Jürg Kuhn and the German Primate Center. Primate Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/pb-2-71-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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24
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Berghoff AS, Fuchs E, Ricken G, Mlecnik B, Bindea G, Spanberger T, Hackl M, Widhalm G, Dieckmann K, Prayer D, Bilocq A, Heinzl H, Zielinski C, Bartsch R, Birner P, Galon J, Preusser M. Density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlates with extent of brain edema and overall survival time in patients with brain metastases. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1057388. [PMID: 26942067 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1057388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune microenvironment of the brain differs from that of other organs and the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in brain metastases (BM), one of the most common and devastating complication of cancer, is unclear. We investigated TIL subsets and their prognostic impact in 116 BM specimens using immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD8, CD45RO, FOXP3, PD1 and PD-L1. The Immunoscore was calculated as published previously. Overall, we found TIL infiltration in 115/116 (99.1%) BM specimens. PD-L1 expression was evident in 19/67 (28.4%) BM specimens and showed no correlation with TIL density (p > 0.05). TIL density was not associated with corticosteroid administration (p > 0.05). A significant difference in infiltration density according to TIL subtype was present (p < 0.001; Chi Square); high infiltration was most frequently observed for CD3+ TILs (95/116; 81.9%) and least frequently for PD1+ TILs (18/116; 15.5%; p < 0.001). Highest TIL density was observed in melanoma, followed by renal cell cancer and lung cancer BM (p < 0.001). The density of CD8+ TILs correlated positively with the extent of peritumoral edema seen on pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (p = 0.031). The density of CD3+ (15 vs. 6 mo; p = 0.015), CD8+ (15 vs. 11 mo; p = 0.030) and CD45RO+ TILs (18 vs. 8 mo; p = 0.006) showed a positive correlation with favorable median OS times. Immunoscore showed significant correlation with survival prognosis (27 vs. 10 mo; p < 0.001). The prognostic impact of Immunoscore was independent from established prognostic parameters at multivariable analysis (HR 0.612, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our data indicate that dense TILs infiltrates are common in BM and correlate with the amount of peritumoral brain edema and survival prognosis, thus identifying the immune system as potential biomarker for cancer patients with CNS affection. Further studies are needed to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Berghoff
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Mlecnik
- INSERM; UMRS1138; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; UMRS1138; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMRS1138; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Gabriela Bindea
- INSERM; UMRS1138; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; UMRS1138; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMRS1138; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Thomas Spanberger
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Hackl
- Austrian National Cancer Registry; Statistics Austria ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurosurgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Dieckmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiotherapy; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Division of Neuroradiology; Department of Radiology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Amelie Bilocq
- INSERM; UMRS1138; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; UMRS1138; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMRS1138; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Harald Heinzl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Center for Medical Statistics; Informatics, and Intelligent Systems; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Zielinski
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Bartsch
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Jerome Galon
- INSERM; UMRS1138; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité; UMRS1138; Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMRS1138; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center - CNS Tumors Unit; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria
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25
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Fuchs E, Kim KH, Hanukoglu I, Tanese N. The evolution and complexity of the genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins of human epidermal cells. Curr Probl Dermatol 2015; 11:27-44. [PMID: 6686106 DOI: 10.1159/000408662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the differential expression and evolutionary conservation of the genes encoding the cytoskeletal proteins for human epidermal cells, we have constructed a library of bacterial plasmids containing inserts of double-stranded cDNAs complementary to the mRNAs of cultured human epidermal cells. Cloned hybrid plasmids containing 45-95% of the sequences present in keratin, actin, and tubulin mRNAs were isolated and characterized. To identify the cDNAs encoding the four major keratins of human epidermal cells, the clones were initially screened for their ability to hybridize strongly with 32P-labeled cDNA prepared from unfractionated epidermal mRNA (about 30% keratin mRNA). Strongly hybridizing clones were further characterized by positive hybrid selection. Two distinct classes of clones were identified: One class hybridized specifically to the 56 and 58kd keratin mRNAs and one class hybridized specifically to the 46 and 50kd keratin mRNAs. Each class is encoded by a separate multigene family of about 10 genes. The two classes of sequences are conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, indicating the functional importance of each class in filament assembly. Clones containing human cDNA sequences encoding a cytoplasmic actin and alpha-tubulin were selected by hybridization screening using 32P-labeled cloned cDNAs for the mRNAs of beta-actin and alpha-tubulin of embryonic chick brain. The identity of these clones was established by positive hybrid selection and by DNA sequence analysis. Similar to the keratins, the actins and tubulins are also encoded by multigene families which are highly evolutionarily conserved. The availability of cloned cDNAs specific for each of three types of epithelial cytoskeletal proteins allows us to investigate the coordinate expression of their mRNAs during terminal differentiation in human epidermis.
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26
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Drummer C, König J, Eildermann K, Fuchs E, Behr R, Hoffmann K. Core body temperature is not a reliable parameter to follow the reproductive cycle in female marmoset monkey (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>). Primate Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.5194/pb-1-11-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Marmosets represent an attractive and widely used animal species in biomedical research, and the routine monitoring of female reproductive cycles is often mandatory in the fields of reproductive biology and stem cell research. Today, the established method for the reliable detection of ovulation is the determination of progesterone concentrations from blood samples. This method is based on relatively frequent handling and blood collections; therefore, less invasive alternatives would help to reduce stress on the animals. Here, we investigated whether the core body temperature of marmosets would show a correlation with cycle-dependent hormonal fluctuations, as has been described for humans and other primate species. In particular, the objective was to investigate whether the telemetric recording of core body temperature could replace progesterone measurements as a reliable, less invasive method for the detection of ovulation in these animals. Here we show that the core body temperature parameters in female marmosets were characterized by frequent variations, but they were not related to particular days or phases during the reproductive cycle. Therefore, the recording of core body temperature in our controlled standard experimental setting is not an appropriate method to monitor the reproductive cycle in female marmosets, and cannot replace serum progesterone measurement as a state-of-the-art method.
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27
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Preusser M, Berghoff AS, Fuchs E, Ricken G, Ilhan-Mutlu A, Magerle M, Spanberger T, Woehrer A, Hackl M, Pichler J, Hutterer M, Widhalm G, Dieckmann K, Birner P, Prayer D, Hainfellner JA, Zielinski C, Bartsch R. Association of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with brain edema and overall survival in brain metastases. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aysegul Ilhan-Mutlu
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center CNS Tumours Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Magerle
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Spanberger
- Department for Medicine I/Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Institute of Neurology and Comprehensive Cancer Center CNS Tumours Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Hackl
- Austrian National Cancer Registry, Statistics Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Markus Hutterer
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler-Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Karin Dieckmann
- Department for Radiation Therapy and Radiation Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center CNS Tumours Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Zielinski
- Medical University of Vienna, and Initiative “Leben mit Krebs, Vienna, Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Bartsch
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Schrittwieser JH, Groenendaal B, Resch V, Ghislieri D, Wallner S, Fischereder EM, Fuchs E, Grischek B, Sattler JH, Macheroux P, Turner NJ, Kroutil W. Deracemization by simultaneous bio-oxidative kinetic resolution and stereoinversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3731-4. [PMID: 24615790 PMCID: PMC4499246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deracemization, that is, the transformation of a racemate into a single product enantiomer with theoretically 100% conversion and 100% ee, is an appealing but also challenging option for asymmetric synthesis. Herein a novel chemo-enzymatic deracemization concept by a cascade is described: the pathway involves two enantioselective oxidation steps and one non-stereoselective reduction step, enabling stereoinversion and a simultaneous kinetic resolution. The concept was exemplified for the transformation of rac-benzylisoquinolines to optically pure (S)-berbines. The racemic substrates were transformed to optically pure products (ee>97%) with up to 98% conversion and up to 88% yield of isolated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H Schrittwieser
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Bas Groenendaal
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Verena Resch
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Diego Ghislieri
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität GrazPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Eva-Maria Fischereder
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Barbara Grischek
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Johann H Sattler
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität GrazPetersgasse 12, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN (UK)
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institut für Chemie, Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz (Austria)
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Schrittwieser JH, Groenendaal B, Resch V, Ghislieri D, Wallner S, Fischereder EM, Fuchs E, Grischek B, Sattler JH, Macheroux P, Turner NJ, Kroutil W. Deracemisierung durch simultane bio-oxidative Racematspaltung und Stereoinversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hoffmann K, König J, Eildermann K, Fuchs E, Behr R, Drummer C. Core body temperature is not a valid parameter to follow the reproductive cycle in female marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1359442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Seehase S, Switalla S, Neuhaus V, Zöller M, Kaup FJ, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E, Lauenstein HD, Sewald K, Hohlfeld JM, Braun A, Knauf S. Ein translationales LPS-Modell zur präklinischen Testung anti-inflammatorischer Substanzen im Weißbüschelaffen (Callithrix jacchus). Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schatzmayr G, Heidler D, Fuchs E, Nitsch S, Mohnl M, Täubel M, Loibner AP, Braun R, Binder EM. Investigation of different yeast strains for the detoxification of ochratoxin A. Mycotoxin Res 2013; 19:124-8. [PMID: 23604763 DOI: 10.1007/bf02942950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of ochratoxin A (OTA) in feed lead to growth depression in animals. It has been reported that binders can be used for deactivating aflatoxins but not for other mycotoxins without negatively influencing the animals health. In this study a strain from the genus ofTrichosporon with the ability to cleave ochratoxin A very selectively into phenylalanine and the non-toxic ochratoxin α (OTα) could be isolated. This strain was selected from a pool of OTA detoxifying microorganism by carrying out several investigations.Trichosporon sp. nov. can be fermented and stabilized. In a feeding trial with broilers lyophilizedTrichosporon-cells could compensate performance losses caused by OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schatzmayr
- Biomin IAN GmbH, Industriestrasse 21, A-3130, Herzogenburg
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Seehase S, Switalla S, Neuhaus V, Zöller M, Kaup FJ, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E, Lauenstein HD, Sewald K, Hohlfeld JM, Braun A, Knauf S. Ein translationales LPS-Modell zur präklinischen Testung anti-inflammatorischer Substanzen im Weißbüschelaffen (Callitrix jacchus). Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kim JH, Charkravarti A, Wang M, Aldape K, Sulman E, Bredel M, Hegi M, Gilbert M, Curran W, Werner-Wasik M, Mehta M, van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Taphoorn MJ, Kros JM, Kouwenhoven MC, Delattre JY, Bernsen HJ, Frenay M, Tijssen CC, Grisold W, Sipos L, Enting RH, French PJ, Dinjens WN, Vecht CJ, Allgeier A, Lacombe D, Gorlia T, Xuan KH, Chang JH, Oh MC, Kim EH, Kang SG, Cho J, Kim SH, Kim DS, Kim SH, Seo CO, Lee KS, Kim MM, Dabaja BS, Jeffrey Medeiros L, Allen P, Kim S, Fowler N, Peereboom DM, Seidman AD, Tabar V, Weil RJ, Thorsheim HR, Smith QR, Lockman PR, Steeg PS, Mallick S, Joshi N, Gandhi A, Jha P, Suri V, Julka PK, Sarkar C, Sharma D, Rath GK, Blumenthal DT, Talianski A, Fishniak L, Bokstein F, Taal W, Walenkamp AM, Taphoorn MJ, Beerepoot L, Hanse M, Buter J, Honkoop A, Groenewegen G, Boerman D, Jansen RL, van den Berkmortel FW, Brandsma D, Kros JM, Bromberg JE, van Heuvel I, Smits M, van der Holt B, Vernhout R, van den Bent M, Matienzo L, Batara J, Torcuator R, Yovino S, Balmanoukian A, Ye X, Campian J, Hess A, Fuchs E, Grossman SA, Leonard AK, Wolff J, Blanchard M, Laack N, Foote R, Brown P, Pan E, Yu D, Yue B, Potthast L, Smith P, Chowdhary S, Chamberlain M, Rockhill J, Sales L, Halasz L, Stewart R, Phillips M, Mathew M, Ott P, Rush S, Donahue B, Pavlick A, Golfinos J, Parker E, Huang P, Narayana A, Clark S, Carlson JA, Gaspar LE, Ney DE, Chen C, Kavanagh B, Damek DM, Martinez NL, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE, Omuro A, Zhu JJ, Esquenazi-Levy Y, Friedman ER, Tandon N, Mathew M, Hitchen C, Dewyngaert K, Narayana A. CLIN-MEDICAL + RADIATION THERAPIES. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schneider E, Mayer S, El Hajj N, Jensen LR, Kuss AW, Zischler H, Kondova I, Bontrop RE, Navarro B, Fuchs E, Zechner U, Haaf T. Methylation and expression analyses of the 7q autism susceptibility locus genes MEST , COPG2, and TSGA14 in human and anthropoid primate cortices. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:278-87. [PMID: 22456293 DOI: 10.1159/000337298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The autism susceptibility locus on human chromosome 7q32 contains the maternally imprinted MEST and the non-imprinted COPG2 and TSGA14 genes. Autism is a disorder of the 'social brain' that has been proposed to be due to an overbalance of paternally expressed genes. To study regulation of the 7q32 locus during anthropoid primate evolution, we analyzed the methylation and expression patterns of MEST, COPG2, and TSGA14 in human, chimpanzee, Old World monkey (baboon and rhesus macaque), and New World monkey (marmoset) cortices. In all human and anthropoid primate cortices, the MEST promoter was hemimethylated, as expected for a differentially methylated imprinting control region, whereas the COPG2 and TSGA14 promoters were completely demethylated, typical for transcriptionally active non-imprinted genes. The MEST gene also showed comparable mRNA expression levels in all analyzed species. In contrast, COPG2 expression was downregulated in the human cortex compared to chimpanzee, Old and New World monkeys. TSGA14 either showed no differential regulation in the human brain compared to chimpanzee and marmoset or a slight upregulation compared to baboon. The human-specific downregulation supports a role for COPG2 in the development of a 'social brain'. Promoter methylation patterns appear to be more stable during evolution than gene expression patterns, suggesting that other mechanisms may be more important for inter-primate differences in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schneider
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
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Schneider E, Jensen LR, Farcas R, Kondova I, Bontrop RE, Navarro B, Fuchs E, Kuss AW, Haaf T. A high density of human communication-associated genes in chromosome 7q31-q36: differential expression in human and non-human primate cortices. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 136:97-106. [PMID: 22261840 DOI: 10.1159/000335465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is distinguished by its remarkable size, high energy consumption, and cognitive abilities compared to all other mammals and non-human primates. However, little is known about what has accelerated brain evolution in the human lineage. One possible explanation is that the appearance of advanced communication skills and language has been a driving force of human brain development. The phenotypic adaptations in brain structure and function which occurred on the way to modern humans may be associated with specific molecular signatures in today's human genome and/or transcriptome. Genes that have been linked to language, reading, and/or autism spectrum disorders are prime candidates when searching for genes for human-specific communication abilities. The database and genome-wide expression analyses we present here revealed a clustering of such communication-associated genes (COAG) on human chromosomes X and 7, in particular chromosome 7q31-q36. Compared to the rest of the genome, we found a high number of COAG to be differentially expressed in the cortices of humans and non-human primates (chimpanzee, baboon, and/or marmoset). The role of X-linked genes for the development of human-specific cognitive abilities is well known. We now propose that chromosome 7q31-q36 also represents a hot spot for the evolution of human-specific communication abilities. Selective pressure on the T cell receptor beta locus on chromosome 7q34, which plays a pivotal role in the immune system, could have led to rapid dissemination of positive gene variants in hitchhiking COAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schneider
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
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Mitura A, Liebert F, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E. Improving the energy and nutrient supply for common marmoset monkeys fed under long-term laboratory conditions. J Med Primatol 2011; 41:82-8. [PMID: 22077415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2011.00524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current knowledge about the optimal energy and nutrient supply for common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) is scarce, and more information is needed for establishing the underlying nutritional concepts for facilitating longevity of this species as laboratory animals for biomedical research. METHODS Two feeding experiments were conducted to yield fundamental data about feed acceptance, real feed intake, and feed preferences under laboratory conditions. Newly developed feeding concepts for marmoset monkeys were also examined in preliminary investigations to compare the outcomes with those of a commercial pelletized mixed feed. RESULTS The first experiments showed preferences for main protein sources in the diets studied, specifically that plant proteins are more accepted than fish meal or egg protein as the main protein source. Several aroma supplements did not modify the acceptance and feed intake markedly. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed feeding concept yielded promising preliminary data for long-term studies of energy and nutrient supply under laboratory conditions. However, studies of the fundamental requirements are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitura
- Division of Animal Nutrition Physiology, Department of Animal Sciences, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Gorbach PM, Javanbakht M, Fuchs E, Weiss RE, Hezerah M, Brown S, Voskanian A, Anton P, Cranston R. P1-S1.06 Rectal health: prevalence of rectal STIS and associations with clinical signs and self-reported symptoms. Sex Transm Infect 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Seehase S, Schlepütz M, Switalla S, Mätz-Rensing K, Kaup FJ, Zöller M, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E, Lauenstein HD, Winkler C, Kuehl AR, Uhlig S, Braun A, Sewald K, Martin C. Bronchoconstriction in nonhuman primates: a species comparison. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:791-8. [PMID: 21700889 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00162.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchoconstriction is a characteristic symptom of various chronic obstructive respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are a suitable ex vivo model to study physiological mechanisms of bronchoconstriction in different species. In the present study, we established an ex vivo model of bronchoconstriction in nonhuman primates (NHPs). PCLS prepared from common marmosets, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and anubis baboons were stimulated with increasing concentrations of representative bronchoconstrictors: methacholine, histamine, serotonin, leukotriene D₄ (LTD₄), U46619, and endothelin-1. Alterations in the airway caliber were measured and compared with previously published data from rodents, guinea pigs, and humans. Methacholine induced maximal airway constriction, varying between 74 and 88% in all NHP species, whereas serotonin was ineffective. Histamine induced maximal bronchoconstriction of 77 to 90% in rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, and baboons and a lesser constriction of 53% in marmosets. LTD₄ was ineffective in marmosets and rhesus macaques but induced a maximum constriction of 44 to 49% in cynomolgus macaques and baboons. U46619 and endothelin-1 caused airway constriction in all NHP species, with maximum constrictions of 65 to 91% and 70 to 81%, respectively. In conclusion, PCLS from NHPs represent a valuable ex vivo model for studying bronchoconstriction. All NHPs respond to mediators relevant to human airway disorders such as methacholine, histamine, U46619, and endothelin-1 and are insensitive to the rodent mast cell product serotonin. Only PCLS from cynomolgus macaques and baboons, however, responded also to leukotrienes, suggesting that among all compared species, these two NHPs resemble the human airway mechanisms best.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seehase
- Department of Airway Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Leitzel K, Hou HY, Anyanwu U, Shrivastava V, Evans MS, Ali SM, Koestler W, Fuchs E, Esteva FJ, Carney WP, Lipton A. Elevated pretreatment serum CA9 (carbonic anhydrase 9) and correlation with progression-free and overall survival in trastuzumab-treated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Koolhaas JM, Bartolomucci A, Buwalda B, de Boer SF, Flügge G, Korte SM, Meerlo P, Murison R, Olivier B, Palanza P, Richter-Levin G, Sgoifo A, Steimer T, Stiedl O, van Dijk G, Wöhr M, Fuchs E. Stress revisited: a critical evaluation of the stress concept. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1291-301. [PMID: 21316391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the steadily increasing number of publications in the field of stress research it has become evident that the conventional usage of the stress concept bears considerable problems. The use of the term 'stress' to conditions ranging from even the mildest challenging stimulation to severely aversive conditions, is in our view inappropriate. Review of the literature reveals that the physiological 'stress' response to appetitive, rewarding stimuli that are often not considered to be stressors can be as large as the response to negative stimuli. Analysis of the physiological response during exercise supports the view that the magnitude of the neuroendocrine response reflects the metabolic and physiological demands required for behavioural activity. We propose that the term 'stress' should be restricted to conditions where an environmental demand exceeds the natural regulatory capacity of an organism, in particular situations that include unpredictability and uncontrollability. Physiologically, stress seems to be characterized by either the absence of an anticipatory response (unpredictable) or a reduced recovery (uncontrollable) of the neuroendocrine reaction. The consequences of this restricted definition for stress research and the interpretation of results in terms of the adaptive and/or maladaptive nature of the response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Koolhaas
- Department Behavioral Physiology, Center for Behavior and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Bremser W, Lücke FK, Urmetzer C, Fuchs E, Leist U. An approach to integrated data assessment in a proficiency test on the enumeration of Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 110:128-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Seehase S, Lauenstein H, Switalla S, Prenzler F, Kaup F, Fuchs E, Krug N, Schlumbohm C, Sewald K, Braun A. Marmoset monkeys as preclinical models for respiratory diseases. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Sewald K, Seehase S, Switalla S, Lauenstein H, Foerster C, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E, Kaup F, Krug N, Schaumann F, Braun A. Ex vivo lung culture models to study respiratory inflammation and their relevance for in vivo: An interspecies comparison. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Meltzer P, Zaidi M, De Fabo E, Davis S, Hornyak T, Fuchs E, Arnheiter H, Trinchieri G, Noonan F, Merlino G. 28 Ultraviolet B-induced inflammatory microenvironment promotes melanocyte survival and melanoma susceptibility. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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46
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Hou HY, Anyanwu U, Jamshidi N, Leitzel K, Ali SM, Köstler W, Fuchs E, Hamer P, Carney WP, Lipton A. Use of serum uPA change to predict PFS and overall survival in first-line trastuzumab-treated breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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47
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Fuchs E, Eilles C. Die MTRA bei der Planung und Durchführung der PET-CT-Untersuchung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Seehase S, Schlepütz M, Schlumbohm C, Fuchs E, Kaup FJ, Krug N, Braun A, Martin C, Sewald K. Charakterisierung von Präzisionslungenschnitten aus Marmoset: Vergleich mit humanem Lungengewebe. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zambello E, Fuchs E, Abumaria N, Rygula R, Domenici E, Caberlotto L. Chronic psychosocial stress alters NPY system: different effects in rat and tree shrew. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:122-30. [PMID: 19846047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been largely studied in relation to affective disorders, in particular for its role in the mechanisms regulating the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression and in the stress-related behaviours. Although NPY has been previously investigated in a variety of animal models of mood disorders, the receptor subtype mainly involved in the modulation of the stress response has not been identified. In the present study, the chronic psychosocial stress based on the resident-intruder protocol-an ethologically relevant paradigm known to induce behavioural and endocrine modifications which mimic depression-like symptoms-was used. Two different species were investigated: rat and tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri); the latter is regarded as an intermediate between insectivores and primates and it was chosen in this study for its pronounced territoriality. In these animals, the regulation of NPY and of Y(1), Y(2) and Y(5) receptors mRNA expression was evaluated after chronic stress and chronic antidepressant treatment by in situ hybridization in selected brain regions known to be involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The animals were exposed to psychosocial stress for 35 days and concomitant daily fluoxetine treatment (10 mg/kg for rats and 15 mg/kg for tree shrews) after the first week of stress. The results confirmed a major role for hippocampal and hypothalamic NPY system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Although there were no evident differences between rat and tree shrew in the NPY system distribution, an opposite effect of chronic psychosocial stress was observed in the two species. Moreover, chronic antidepressant treatment was able to counteract the effects of stress and restored basal expression levels, suggesting the utility of these paradigms as preclinical models of stress-induced depression. Overall, although evident species differences were found in response to chronic psychosocial stress, the present study suggests a role for NPY receptors in the stress response and in the action of antidepressant drugs, providing further support for an involvement of this neuropeptidergic system in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zambello
- Neurosciences Centre for Excellence in Drug Discovery, Mood & Anxiety Disorders DPU, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Center, Verona, Italy.
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Lucassen PJ, Meerlo P, Naylor AS, van Dam AM, Dayer AG, Fuchs E, Oomen CA, Czéh B. Regulation of adult neurogenesis by stress, sleep disruption, exercise and inflammation: Implications for depression and antidepressant action. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 20:1-17. [PMID: 19748235 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a once unorthodox concept, has changed into one of the most rapidly growing fields in neuroscience. The present report results from the ECNP targeted expert meeting in 2007 during which cellular plasticity changes were addressed in the adult brain, focusing on neurogenesis and apoptosis in hippocampus and frontal cortex. We discuss recent studies investigating factors that regulate neurogenesis with special emphasis on effects of stress, sleep disruption, exercise and inflammation, a group of seemingly unrelated factors that share at least two unifying properties, namely that they all regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and have all been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We conclude that although neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive function and is stimulated by antidepressant drugs, its functional impact and contribution to the etiology of depression remains unclear. A lasting reduction in neurogenesis following severe or chronic stress exposure, either in adult or early life, may represent impaired hippocampal plasticity and can contribute to the cognitive symptoms of depression, but is, by itself, unlikely to produce the full mood disorder. Normalization of reductions in neurogenesis appears at least partly, implicated in antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Lucassen
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. box 94214, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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